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Li R, Fan H, Chen Y, Huang J, Liu GL, Huang L. Application of nanoplasmonic biosensors based on nanoarrays in biological and chemical detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21586-21613. [PMID: 37381254 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Technological innovation, cost effectiveness, and miniaturization are key factors that determine the commercial adaptability and sustainability of sensing platforms. Nanoplasmonic biosensors based on nanocup or nanohole arrays are attractive for the development of various miniaturized devices for clinical diagnostics, health management, and environmental monitoring. In this review, we discuss the latest trends in the engineering and development of nanoplasmonic sensors as biodiagnostic tools for the highly sensitive detection of chemical and biological analytes. We focused on studies that have explored flexible nanosurface plasmon resonance systems using a sample and scalable detection approach in an effort to highlight multiplexed measurements and portable point-of-care applications.
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2
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Beiderman M, Ashkenazy A, Segal E, Motiei M, Salomon A, Sadan T, Fixler D, Popovtzer R. Optimization of Gold Nanorod Features for the Enhanced Performance of Plasmonic Nanocavity Arrays. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29071-29077. [PMID: 34746596 PMCID: PMC8567385 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplasmonic biosensors incorporating noble metal nanocavity arrays are widely used for the detection of various biomarkers. Gold nanorods (GNRs) have unique properties that can enhance spectroscopic detection capabilities of such nanocavity-based biosensors. However, the contribution of the physical properties of multiple GNRs to resonance enhancement of gold nanocavity arrays requires further characterization and elucidation. In this work, we study how GNR aspect ratio (AR) and surface area (SA) modify the plasmonic resonance spectrum of a gold triangular nanocavity array by both simulations and experiments. The finite integration technique (FIT) simulated the extinction spectrum of the gold nanocavity array with 300 nm periodicity onto which the GNRs of different ARs and SAs are placed. Simulations showed that matching of the GNRs longitudinal peak, which is affected by AR, to the nanocavity array's spectrum minima can optimize signal suppression and shifting. Moreover, increasing SA of the matched GNRs increased the spectral variations of the array. Experiments confirmed that GNRs conjugated to a gold triangular nanocavity array of 300 nm periodicity caused spectrum suppression and redshift. Our findings demonstrate that tailoring of the GNR AR and SA parameters to nanoplasmonic arrays has the potential to greatly improve spectral variations for enhanced plasmonic biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Beiderman
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ariel Ashkenazy
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Elad Segal
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Menachem Motiei
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tamar Sadan
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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3
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Real-Time Sensing with Patterned Plasmonic Substrates and a Compact Imager Chip. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31309475 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9616-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Optical sensing is an important research field due to its proven ability to be extremely sensitive, nondestructive, and applicable to sensing a wide range of chemical, thermal, electric, or magnetic phenomena. Beyond traditional optical sensors that often rely on bulky setups, plasmonic nanostructures can offer many advantages based on their sensitivity, compact form, cost-effectiveness, multiplexing compatibility, and compatibility with many standard semiconductor nanofabrication techniques. In particular, plasmon-enhanced optical transmission through arrays of nanostructured holes has led to the development of a new generation of optical sensors. In this chapter we present a simple fabrication technique to use plasmonic nanostructures as compact sensors. We position the nanohole array, an LED illumination source, and a spacer layer directly on top of a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imager chip. This setup is a viable sensor platform in both liquid and gas environments. These devices could operate as low-cost sensors for environmental monitoring, security, food safety, or monitoring small-molecule binding to extract affinity information and binding constants.
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Wang X, Ma X, Shi E, Lu P, Dou L, Zhang X, Wang H. Large-Scale Plasmonic Hybrid Framework with Built-In Nanohole Array as Multifunctional Optical Sensing Platforms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906459. [PMID: 32072751 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light coupling with patterned subwavelength hole arrays induces enhanced transmission supported by the strong surface plasmon mode. In this work, a nanostructured plasmonic framework with vertically built-in nanohole arrays at deep-subwavelength scale (6 nm) is demonstrated using a two-step fabrication method. The nanohole arrays are formed first by the growth of a high-quality two-phase (i.e., Au-TiN) vertically aligned nanocomposite template, followed by selective wet-etching of the metal (Au). Such a plasmonic nanohole film owns high epitaxial quality with large surface coverage and the structure can be tailored as either fully etched or half-way etched nanoholes via careful control of the etching process. The chemically inert and plasmonic TiN plays a role in maintaining sharp hole boundary and preventing lattice distortion. Optical properties such as enhanced transmittance and anisotropic dielectric function in the visible regime are demonstrated. Numerical simulation suggests an extended surface plasmon mode and strong field enhancement at the hole edges. Two demonstrations, including the enhanced and modulated photoluminescence by surface coupling with 2D perovskite nanoplates and the refractive index sensing by infiltrating immersion liquids, suggest the great potential of such plasmonic nanohole array for reusable surface plasmon-enhanced sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
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5
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Belushkin A, Yesilkoy F, González-López JJ, Ruiz-Rodríguez JC, Ferrer R, Fàbrega A, Altug H. Rapid and Digital Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers Enabled by a Novel Portable Nanoplasmonic Imager. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906108. [PMID: 31830370 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
New point-of-care diagnostic devices are urgently needed for rapid and accurate diagnosis, particularly in the management of life-threatening infections and sepsis, where immediate treatment is key. Sepsis is a critical condition caused by systemic response to infection, with chances of survival drastically decreasing every hour. A novel portable biosensor based on nanoparticle-enhanced digital plasmonic imaging is reported for rapid and sensitive detection of two sepsis-related inflammatory biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) directly from blood serum. The device achieves outstanding limit of detection of 21.3 pg mL-1 for PCT and 36 pg mL-1 for CRP, and dynamic range of at least three orders of magnitude. The portable device is deployed at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital in Spain and tested with a wide range of patient samples with sepsis, noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and healthy subjects. The results are validated against ultimate clinical diagnosis and currently used immunoassays, and show that the device provides accurate and robust performance equivalent to gold-standard laboratory tests. Importantly, the plasmonic imager can enable identification of PCT levels typical of sepsis and SIRS patients in less than 15 min. The compact and low-cost device is a promising solution for assisting rapid and accurate on-site sepsis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Belushkin
- Institute of BioEngineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filiz Yesilkoy
- Institute of BioEngineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan Jose González-López
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Shock, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Shock, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Fàbrega
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of BioEngineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Yesilkoy F. Optical Interrogation Techniques for Nanophotonic Biochemical Sensors. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194287. [PMID: 31623315 PMCID: PMC6806184 DOI: 10.3390/s19194287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of light via nanoengineered surfaces has excited the optical community in the past few decades. Among the many applications enabled by nanophotonic devices, sensing has stood out due to their capability of identifying miniscule refractive index changes. In particular, when free-space propagating light effectively couples into subwavelength volumes created by nanostructures, the strongly-localized near-fields can enhance light’s interaction with matter at the nanoscale. As a result, nanophotonic sensors can non-destructively detect chemical species in real-time without the need of exogenous labels. The impact of such nanophotonic devices on biochemical sensor development became evident as the ever-growing research efforts in the field started addressing many critical needs in biomedical sciences, such as low-cost analytical platforms, simple quantitative bioassays, time-resolved sensing, rapid and multiplexed detection, single-molecule analytics, among others. In this review, the optical transduction methods used to interrogate optical resonances of nanophotonic sensors will be highlighted. Specifically, the optical methodologies used thus far will be evaluated based on their capability of addressing key requirements of the future sensor technologies, including miniaturization, multiplexing, spatial and temporal resolution, cost and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Yesilkoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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7
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Moon G, Son T, Lee H, Kim D. Deep Learning Approach for Enhanced Detection of Surface Plasmon Scattering. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9538-9545. [PMID: 31287294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A deep learning approach has been taken to improve detection characteristics of surface plasmon microscopy (SPM) of light scattering. Deep learning based on the convolutional neural network algorithm was used to estimate the effect of scattering parameters, mainly the number of scatterers. The improvement was assessed on a quantitative basis by applying the approach to SPM images formed by coherent interference of scatterers. It was found that deep learning significantly improves the accuracy over conventional detection: the enhancement in the accuracy was shown to be significantly higher by almost 6 times and useful for scattering by polydisperse mixtures. This suggests that deep learning can be used to find scattering objects effectively in the noisy environment. Furthermore, deep learning can be extended directly to label-free molecular detection assays and provide considerably improved detection in imaging and microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwiyeong Moon
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea , 120-749
| | - Taehwang Son
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea , 120-749
| | - Hongki Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea , 120-749
| | - Donghyun Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea , 120-749
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8
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Qian Y, Zeng X, Gao Y, Li H, Kumar S, Gan Q, Cheng X, Bartoli FJ. Intensity-modulated nanoplasmonic interferometric sensor for MMP-9 detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1267-1276. [PMID: 30821304 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the secretary function of immune cells, we develop a nanoplasmonic circular interferometric biosensor based on intensity interrogation for label-free and dynamic sensing of molecular secretion. Exceptional sensitivity has been demonstrated through coupling free light and surface plasmon polariton (SPPs) waves, which generates a constructive and deconstructive interference pattern with high contrast and narrow linewidth when illuminated by white light. Alternatively, by adopting a narrow-band LED source and a CCD camera in this work, the transmission intensity of multiple sensing units is monitored simultaneously with a simple collinear optical setup. This intensity-modulated sensing platform yields a resolution of 4.1 × 10-5 refractive index unit (RIU) with a high temporal resolution of 1 s and a miniaturized footprint as small as 9.8 × 9.8 μm2 for a single sensing unit. By integrating the signals from multiple sensor units, the resolution of a 12 × 12 sensor array was found to reach 7.3 × 10-6 RIU. We apply this sensor array to detect matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) secretion from human monocytic cells, THP-1, at different time points after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simulation and the results are in good agreement with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, but without the need for labeling. The spatial, temporal and mass resolutions of the sensor array are found to exceed other label-free technologies. These biomolecular arrays, incorporated in a microfluidic sensor platform, hold great potential for the study the dynamics and interplay of cell secretion signals and achieving a better understanding of single cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Qian
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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9
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Lee KL, Chang CC, You ML, Pan MY, Wei PK. Enhancing Surface Sensing Sensitivity of Metallic Nanostructures using Blue-Shifted Surface Plasmon Mode and Fano Resonance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9762. [PMID: 29950690 PMCID: PMC6021451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving surface sensitivities of nanostructure-based plasmonic sensors is an important issue to be addressed. Among the SPR measurements, the wavelength interrogation is commonly utilized. We proposed using blue-shifted surface plasmon mode and Fano resonance, caused by the coupling of a cavity mode (angle-independent) and the surface plasmon mode (angle-dependent) in a long-periodicity silver nanoslit array, to increase surface (wavelength) sensitivities of metallic nanostructures. It results in an improvement by at least a factor of 4 in the spectral shift as compared to sensors operated under normal incidence. The improved surface sensitivity was attributed to a high refractive index sensitivity and the decrease of plasmonic evanescent field caused by two effects, the Fano coupling and the blue-shifted resonance. These concepts can enhance the sensing capability and be applicable to various metallic nanostructures with periodicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Li Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, section 2, Academia Road, Nangkang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- Department of Optoelectronics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lin You
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, section 2, Academia Road, Nangkang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Pan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, section 2, Academia Road, Nangkang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, section 2, Academia Road, Nangkang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Optoelectronics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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10
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Lee TH, Hirst DJ, Kulkarni K, Del Borgo MP, Aguilar MI. Exploring Molecular-Biomembrane Interactions with Surface Plasmon Resonance and Dual Polarization Interferometry Technology: Expanding the Spotlight onto Biomembrane Structure. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5392-5487. [PMID: 29793341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular analysis of biomolecular-membrane interactions is central to understanding most cellular systems but has emerged as a complex technical challenge given the complexities of membrane structure and composition across all living cells. We present a review of the application of surface plasmon resonance and dual polarization interferometry-based biosensors to the study of biomembrane-based systems using both planar mono- or bilayers or liposomes. We first describe the optical principals and instrumentation of surface plasmon resonance, including both linear and extraordinary transmission modes and dual polarization interferometry. We then describe the wide range of model membrane systems that have been developed for deposition on the chips surfaces that include planar, polymer cushioned, tethered bilayers, and liposomes. This is followed by a description of the different chemical immobilization or physisorption techniques. The application of this broad range of engineered membrane surfaces to biomolecular-membrane interactions is then overviewed and how the information obtained using these techniques enhance our molecular understanding of membrane-mediated peptide and protein function. We first discuss experiments where SPR alone has been used to characterize membrane binding and describe how these studies yielded novel insight into the molecular events associated with membrane interactions and how they provided a significant impetus to more recent studies that focus on coincident membrane structure changes during binding of peptides and proteins. We then discuss the emerging limitations of not monitoring the effects on membrane structure and how SPR data can be combined with DPI to provide significant new information on how a membrane responds to the binding of peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Daniel J Hirst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Ketav Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Mark P Del Borgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
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11
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Jackman JA, Rahim Ferhan A, Cho NJ. Nanoplasmonic sensors for biointerfacial science. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:3615-3660. [PMID: 28383083 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00494f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoplasmonic sensors have become widely used for the label-free detection of biomolecules across medical, biotechnology, and environmental science applications. To date, many nanoplasmonic sensing strategies have been developed with outstanding measurement capabilities, enabling detection down to the single-molecule level. One of the most promising directions has been surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors, and the potential of such technologies is still emerging. Going beyond detection, surface-based nanoplasmonic sensors open the door to enhanced, quantitative measurement capabilities across the biointerfacial sciences by taking advantage of high surface sensitivity that pairs well with the size of medically important biomacromolecules and biological particulates such as viruses and exosomes. The goal of this review is to introduce the latest advances in nanoplasmonic sensors for the biointerfacial sciences, including ongoing development of nanoparticle and nanohole arrays for exploring different classes of biomacromolecules interacting at solid-liquid interfaces. The measurement principles for nanoplasmonic sensors based on utilizing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) phenomena are first introduced. The following sections are then categorized around different themes within the biointerfacial sciences, specifically protein binding and conformational changes, lipid membrane fabrication, membrane-protein interactions, exosome and virus detection and analysis, and probing nucleic acid conformations and binding interactions. Across these themes, we discuss the growing trend to utilize nanoplasmonic sensors for advanced measurement capabilities, including positional sensing, biomacromolecular conformation analysis, and real-time kinetic monitoring of complex biological interactions. Altogether, these advances highlight the rich potential of nanoplasmonic sensors and the future growth prospects of the community as a whole. With ongoing development of commercial nanoplasmonic sensors and analytical models to interpret corresponding measurement data in the context of biologically relevant interactions, there is significant opportunity to utilize nanoplasmonic sensing strategies for not only fundamental biointerfacial science, but also translational science applications related to clinical medicine and pharmaceutical drug development among countless possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Jackman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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12
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An optofluidic metasurface for lateral flow-through detection of breast cancer biomarker. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:224-229. [PMID: 29475186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The rapid growth of point-of-care tests demands for biosensors with high sensitivity and small size. This paper demonstrates an optofluidic metasurface that combines silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonics and nanofluidics to realize a high-performance, lateral flow-through biosensor. The metasurface is made of a periodic array of silicon nanoposts on an SOI substrate, and functionalized with specific receptor molecules. Bonding of a polydimethylsiloxane slab directly onto the surface results in an ultracompact biosensor, where analyte solutions are restricted to flow only in the space between the nanoposts. No flow exists above the nanoposts. This sensor design overcomes the issue with diffusion-limited detection of many other biosensors. The lateral flow-through feature, in conjunction with high-Q resonance modes associated with optical bound states of the metasurface, offers an improved sensitivity to subtle molecule-bonding induced changes in refractive index. The device exhibits a resonance mode around 1550 nm wavelength and provides an index sensitivity of 720 nm/RIU. Biosensing is conducted to detect the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2), a protein biomarker for early-stage breast cancer screening, by monitoring resonance wavelength shifts in response to specific analyte-ligand binding events at the metasurface. The limit of detection of the device is 0.7 ng mL-1 for ErbB2.
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13
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Gomez-Cruz J, Nair S, Manjarrez-Hernandez A, Gavilanes-Parra S, Ascanio G, Escobedo C. Cost-effective flow-through nanohole array-based biosensing platform for the label-free detection of uropathogenic E. coli in real time. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 106:105-110. [PMID: 29414075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, inexpensive and sensitive detection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), a common cause of ascending urinary tract infections (UTIs) including cystitis and pyelonephritis, is critical given the increasing number of cases and its recurrence worldwide. In this paper, we present a label-free nanoplasmonic sensing platform, built with off-the-shelf optical and electronic components, which can detect intact UPEC at concentrations lower than the physiological limit for UTI diagnosis, in real time. The sensing platform consists of a red LED light source, lens assembly, CMOS detector, Raspberry Pi interface in conjugation with a metallic flow-through nanohole array-based sensor. Detection is achieved exploiting nanoplasmonic phenomena from the nanohole arrays through surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) technique. The platform has a bulk sensitivity of 212 pixel intensity unit (PIU)/refractive index unit (RIU), and a resolution in the order of 10-6 RIU. We demonstrate capture and detection of UPEC with a detection limit of ~100 CFU/ml - a concentration well below the threshold limit for UTI diagnosis in clinical samples. We also demonstrate detection of UPEC in spiked human urine samples for two different concentrations of bacteria. This work is particularly relevant for point-of-care applications, especially for regions around the world where accessibility to medical facilities is heavily dependent upon economy, and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gomez-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6; Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CCADET), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Srijit Nair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Angel Manjarrez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México; Unidad Periférica de Patogénesis Bacteriana en Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México; Unidad Periférica de Patogénesis Bacteriana en Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Gabriel Ascanio
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CCADET), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6.
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14
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Pan MY, Lee KL, Wang L, Wei PK. Chip-based digital surface plasmon resonance sensing platform for ultrasensitive biomolecular detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:580-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Im H, Yang K, Lee H, Castro CM. Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles by Surface Plasmon Resonance. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1660:133-141. [PMID: 28828653 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7253-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR ) enables real-time, label-free detection of ligand binding to target receptors immobilized on a sensing surface. SPR has emerged as a promising technique for extracellular vesicle (EV) characterization with its label-free detection scheme, and exquisite sensitivity. Among the various system configurations, nanohole-based SPR sensors are of particular interest because of their simple optical setup, tunability, and scalability. Here, we describe the characterization of circulating EVs or exosomes from human clinical samples using a nanohole-based SPR sensor, named nPLEX (nano-plasmonic exosome) sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoon Im
- Cancer Program, MGH Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Yang
- Cancer Program, MGH Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Cancer Program, MGH Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Cancer Program, MGH Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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16
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Lee KL, Chang CC, You ML, Pan MY, Wei PK. Enhancing the Surface Sensitivity of Metallic Nanostructures Using Oblique-Angle-Induced Fano Resonances. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33126. [PMID: 27609431 PMCID: PMC5016831 DOI: 10.1038/srep33126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface sensitivity is an important factor that determines the minimum amount of biomolecules detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. We propose the use of oblique-angle-induced Fano resonances caused by two-mode coupling or three-mode coupling between the localized SPR mode and long-range surface plasmon polariton modes to increase the surface sensitivities of silver capped nanoslits. The results indicate that the coupled resonance between the split SPR (−kSPR) and cavity modes (two-mode coupling) has a high wavelength sensitivity for small-angle incidence (2°) due to its short decay length. Additionally, three-mode coupling between the split SPR (−kSPR), substrate (+kSub) and cavity modes has a high intensity sensitivity for large-angle incidence due to its short decay length, large resonance slope and enhanced transmission intensity. Compared to the wavelength measurement, the intensity measurement has a lower detectable (surface) concentration below 1 ng/ml (0.14 pg/mm2) and is reduced by at least 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, based on the calibration curve and current system noise, a theoretical detection limit of 2.73 pg/ml (0.38 fg/mm2) can be achieved. Such a surface concentration is close to that of prism-based SPR with phase measurement (0.1–0.2 fg/mm2 under a phase shift of 5 mdeg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Li Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, section 2, Academia Road, Nangkang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- Department of Optoelectronics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lin You
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, section 2, Academia Road, Nangkang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Pan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, section 2, Academia Road, Nangkang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, section 2, Academia Road, Nangkang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Optoelectronics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Seiler ST, Rich IS, Lindquist NC. Direct spectral imaging of plasmonic nanohole arrays for real-time sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:184001. [PMID: 27010077 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/18/184001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-enhanced optical transmission through arrays of nano-structured holes has led to the development of a new generation of optical sensors. In this paper, to dramatically simplify the standard optical setups of these sensors, we position the nanoholes, an LED illumination source and a spacer layer directly on top of a CMOS imager chip. Transmitted light diffracts from the nanohole array, spreading into a spectrum over the space of a millimeter to land on the imager as a full spectrum. Our chip is used as a sensor in both a liquid and a gas environment. The spectrum is monitored in real-time and the plasmon-enhanced transmission peaks shift upon exposure to different concentrations of glycerol-in-water solutions or ethanol vapors in nitrogen. While liquids provide good refractive index contrast for sensing, to enhance sensitivity to solvent vapors, we filled the nanoholes with solvatochromic dyes. This on-chip solution circumvents the bulky components (e.g. microscopes, coupling optics, and spectrometers) needed for traditional plasmonic sensing setups, uses the nanohole array as both the sensing surface and a diffraction grating, and maintains good sensitivity. Finally, we show simultaneous sensing from two side-by-side locations, demonstrating potential for multiplexing and lab on a chip integration.
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18
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Lee KL, Wei PK. Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing: Periodic metallic nanostructures for high-sensitivity biosensing applications. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2015.2506223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Qin K, Hu S, Retterer ST, Kravchenko II, Weiss SM. Slow light Mach-Zehnder interferometer as label-free biosensor with scalable sensitivity. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:753-6. [PMID: 26872180 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The design, fabrication, and characterization of a label-free Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) optical biosensor that incorporates a highly dispersive one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal in one arm are presented. The sensitivity of this slow light MZI-based sensor scales with the length of the slow light photonic crystal region. The numerically simulated sensitivity of a MZI sensor with a 16 μm long slow light region is 115,000 rad/RIU-cm, which is sevenfold higher than traditional MZI biosensors with millimeter-length sensing regions. An experimental bulk refractive index detection sensitivity of 84,000 rad/RIU-cm is realized and nucleic acid detection is also demonstrated.
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20
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Kumar S, Wolken GG, Wittenberg NJ, Arriaga EA, Oh SH. Nanohole Array-Directed Trapping of Mammalian Mitochondria Enabling Single Organelle Analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11973-7. [PMID: 26593329 PMCID: PMC4809531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present periodic nanohole arrays fabricated in free-standing metal-coated nitride films as a platform for trapping and analyzing single organelles. When a microliter-scale droplet containing mitochondria is dispensed above the nanohole array, the combination of evaporation and capillary flow directs individual mitochondria to the nanoholes. Mammalian mitochondria arrays were rapidly formed on chip using this technique without any surface modification steps, microfluidic interconnects, or external power sources. The trapped mitochondria were depolarized on chip using an ionophore with results showing that the organelle viability and behavior were preserved during the on-chip assembly process. Fluorescence signal related to mitochondrial membrane potential was obtained from single mitochondria trapped in individual nanoholes revealing statistical differences between the behavior of polarized vs depolarized mammalian mitochondria. This technique provides a fast and stable route for droplet-based directed localization of organelles-on-a-chip with minimal limitations and complexity, as well as promotes integration with other optical or electrochemical detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailabh Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Gregory G. Wolken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Edgar A. Arriaga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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21
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Yoo D, Johnson TW, Cherukulappurath S, Norris DJ, Oh SH. Template-Stripped Tunable Plasmonic Devices on Stretchable and Rollable Substrates. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10647-10654. [PMID: 26402066 PMCID: PMC4660390 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We use template stripping to integrate metallic nanostructures onto flexible, stretchable, and rollable substrates. Using this approach, high-quality patterned metals that are replicated from reusable silicon templates can be directly transferred to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. First we produce stretchable gold nanohole arrays and show that their optical transmission spectra can be modulated by mechanical stretching. Next we fabricate stretchable arrays of gold pyramids and demonstrate a modulation of the wavelength of light resonantly scattered from the tip of the pyramid by stretching the underlying PDMS film. The use of a flexible transfer layer also enables template stripping using a cylindrical roller as a substrate. As an example, we demonstrate roller template stripping of metallic nanoholes, nanodisks, wires, and pyramids onto the cylindrical surface of a glass rod lens. These nonplanar metallic structures produced via template stripping with flexible and stretchable films can facilitate many applications in sensing, display, plasmonics, metasurfaces, and roll-to-roll fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy W. Johnson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sudhir Cherukulappurath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David J. Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Tu L, Huang L, Wang T, Wang W. Study of flow rate induced measurement error in flow-through nano-hole plasmonic sensor. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:064111. [PMID: 26649131 PMCID: PMC4662672 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow-through gold film perforated with periodically arrayed sub-wavelength nano-holes can cause extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), which has recently emerged as a label-free surface plasmon resonance sensor in biochemical detection by measuring the transmission spectral shift. This paper describes a systematic study of the effect of microfluidic field on the spectrum of EOT associated with the porous gold film. To detect biochemical molecules, the sub-micron-thick film is free-standing in a microfluidic field and thus subject to hydrodynamic deformation. The film deformation alone may cause spectral shift as measurement error, which is coupled with the spectral shift as real signal associated with the molecules. However, this microfluid-induced measurement error has long been overlooked in the field and needs to be identified in order to improve the measurement accuracy. Therefore, we have conducted simulation and analytic analysis to investigate how the microfluidic flow rate affects the EOT spectrum and verified the effect through experiment with a sandwiched device combining Au/Cr/Si3N4 nano-hole film and polydimethylsiloxane microchannels. We found significant spectral blue shift associated with even small flow rates, for example, 12.60 nm for 4.2 μl/min. This measurement error corresponds to 90 times the optical resolution of the current state-of-the-art commercially available spectrometer or 8400 times the limit of detection. This really severe measurement error suggests that we should pay attention to the microfluidic parameter setting for EOT-based flow-through nano-hole sensors and adopt right scheme to improve the measurement accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
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23
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Sun YS. Use of Microarrays as a High-Throughput Platform for Label-Free Biosensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:334-53. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215577570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as a promising biomarker. These vesicles abound in biofluids and harbor molecular constituents from their parent cells, thereby offering a minimally-invasive avenue for molecular analyses. Despite such clinical potential, routine exosomal analysis, particularly the protein assay, remains challenging, due to requirements for large sample volumes and extensive processing. We have been developing miniaturized systems to facilitate clinical exosome studies. These systems can be categorized into two components: microfluidics for sample preparation and analytical tools for protein analyses. In this report, we review a new assay platform, nano-plasmonic exosome, in which sensing is based on surface plasmon resonance to achieve label-free exosome detection. Looking forward, we also discuss some potential challenges and improvements in exosome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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25
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Liu L, Wang Q, Yang Z, Wang W, Hu N, Luo H, Liao Y, Zheng X, Yang J. Characterization of lipid films by an angle-interrogation surface plasmon resonance imaging device. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:287-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Sen MA, Kowalski GJ, Fiering J, Larson D. A continuous flow microfluidic calorimeter: 3-D numerical modeling with aqueous reactants. THERMOCHIMICA ACTA 2015; 603:184-196. [PMID: 25937678 PMCID: PMC4415394 DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A computational analysis of the reacting flow field, species diffusion and heat transfer processes with thermal boundary layer effects in a microchannel reactor with a coflow configuration was performed. Two parallel adjacent streams of aqueous reactants flow along a wide, shallow, enclosed channel in contact with a substrate, which is affixed to a temperature controlled plate. The Fluent computational fluid dynamics package solved the Navier-Stokes, mass transport and energy equations. The energy model, including the enthalpy of reaction as a nonuniform heat source, was validated by calculating the energy balance at several control volumes in the microchannel. Analysis reveals that the temperature is nearly uniform across the channel thickness, in the direction normal to the substrate surface; hence, measurements made by sensors at or near the surface are representative of the average temperature. Additionally, modeling the channel with a glass substrate and a silicone cover shows that heat transfer is predominantly due to the glass substrate. Finally, using the numerical results, we suggest that a microcalorimeter could be based on this configuration, and that temperature sensors such as optical nanohole array sensors could have sufficient spatial resolution to determine enthalpy of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet A. Sen
- Northeastern University, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 360 Hungtington Avenue, 334 Snell Engineering Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory J. Kowalski
- Northeastern University, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 360 Hungtington Avenue, 334 Snell Engineering Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Fiering
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dale Larson
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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27
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Zeng B, Gao Y, Bartoli FJ. Differentiating surface and bulk interactions in nanoplasmonic interferometric sensor arrays. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:166-170. [PMID: 25407985 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Detecting specific target analytes and differentiating them from interfering background effects is a crucial but challenging task in complex multi-component solutions commonly encountered in environmental, chemical, biological, and medical sensing applications. Here we present a simple nanoplasmonic interferometric sensor platform that can differentiate the adsorption of a thin protein layer on the sensor surface (surface effects) from bulk refractive index changes (interfering background effects) at a single sensing spot, exploiting the different penetration depths of multiple propagating surface plasmon polaritons excited in the ring-hole nanoplasmonic sensors. A monolayer of bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules with an effective thickness of 1.91 nm is detected and differentiated from a 10(-3) change in refractive index unit for the bulk solution. The noise level of the retrieved real-time sensor output compares favorably with that of traditional prism-based surface plasmon resonance sensors, but is achieved using a significantly simpler collinear transmission geometry and a miniaturized sensor footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zeng
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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28
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Ertsgaard CT, McKoskey RM, Rich IS, Lindquist NC. Dynamic placement of plasmonic hotspots for super-resolution surface-enhanced Raman scattering. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10941-10946. [PMID: 25268457 DOI: 10.1021/nn504776b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate dynamic placement of locally enhanced plasmonic fields using holographic laser illumination of a silver nanohole array. To visualize these focused "hotspots", the silver surface was coated with various biological samples for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) imaging. Due to the large field enhancements, blinking behavior of the SERS hotspots was observed and processed using a stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy algorithm enabling super-resolution localization of the hotspots to within 10 nm. These hotspots were then shifted across the surface in subwavelength (<100 nm for a wavelength of 660 nm) steps using holographic illumination from a spatial light modulator. This created a dynamic imaging and sensing surface, whereas static illumination would only have produced stationary hotspots. Using this technique, we also show that such subwavelength shifting and localization of plasmonic hotspots has potential for imaging applications. Interestingly, illuminating the surface with randomly shifting SERS hotspots was sufficient to completely fill in a wide field of view for super-resolution chemical imaging.
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29
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Guo J, Huang X, Shi D, Yu H, Ai Y, Li CM, Kang Y. Portable resistive pulse-activated lens-free cell imaging system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Tokel O, Inci F, Demirci U. Advances in plasmonic technologies for point of care applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5728-52. [PMID: 24745365 PMCID: PMC4086846 DOI: 10.1021/cr4000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Tokel
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Palo
Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard-MIT
Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Palo
Alto, California 94304, United States
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31
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Wang Y, Kar A, Paterson A, Kourentzi K, Le H, Ruchhoeft P, Willson R, Bao J. Transmissive Nanohole Arrays for Massively-Parallel Optical Biosensing. ACS PHOTONICS 2014; 1:241-245. [PMID: 25530982 PMCID: PMC4266487 DOI: 10.1021/ph400111u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput optical biosensing technique is proposed and demonstrated. This hybrid technique combines optical transmission of nanoholes with colorimetric silver staining. The size and spacing of the nanoholes are chosen so that individual nanoholes can be independently resolved in massive parallel using an ordinary transmission optical microscope, and, in place of determining a spectral shift, the brightness of each nanohole is recorded to greatly simplify the readout. Each nanohole then acts as an independent sensor, and the blocking of nanohole optical transmission by enzymatic silver staining defines the specific detection of a biological agent. Nearly 10000 nanoholes can be simultaneously monitored under the field of view of a typical microscope. As an initial proof of concept, biotinylated lysozyme (biotin-HEL) was used as a model analyte, giving a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Archana Kar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Andrew Paterson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Han Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Paul Ruchhoeft
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Richard Willson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Centro
de Biotecnología FEMSA, Departamento de Biotecnología
e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Tecnológico
de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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32
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Lindquist NC, Turner MA, Heppner BP. Template fabricated plasmonic nanoholes on analyte-sensitive substrates for real-time vapor sensing. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01797h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoholes on analyte-sensitive substrates are used for vapor sensing.
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33
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Najiminaini M, Ertorer E, Kaminska B, Mittler S, Carson JJL. Surface plasmon resonance sensing properties of a 3D nanostructure consisting of aligned nanohole and nanocone arrays. Analyst 2014; 139:1876-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02332j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing is one of the most common applications of an array of periodic nanoholes in a metal film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Najiminaini
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada.
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34
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Gao Y, Xin Z, Zeng B, Gan Q, Cheng X, Bartoli FJ. Plasmonic interferometric sensor arrays for high-performance label-free biomolecular detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4755-4764. [PMID: 24173621 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic interferometric biosensor that consists of arrays of circular aperture-groove nanostructures patterned on a gold film for phase-sensitive biomolecular detection is demonstrated. The phase and amplitude of interfering surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the proposed device can be effectively engineered by structural tuning, providing flexible and efficient control over the plasmon line shape observed through SPP interference. Spectral fringes with high contrast, narrow linewidth, and large amplitude have been experimentally measured and permit the sensitive detection of protein surface coverage as low as 0.4 pg mm(-2). This sensor resolution compares favorably with commercial prism-based surface plasmon resonance systems (0.1 pg mm(-2)) but is achieved here using a significantly simpler collinear transmission geometry, a miniaturized sensor footprint, and a low-cost compact spectrometer. Furthermore, we also demonstrate superior sensor performance using the intensity interrogation method, which can be combined with CCD imaging to upscale our platform to high-throughput array sensing. A novel low-background interferometric sensing scheme yields a high sensing figure of merit (FOM*) of 146 in the visible region, surpassing that of previous plasmonic biosensors and facilitating ultrasensitive high-throughput detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gao
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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35
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Escobedo C, Chou YW, Rahman M, Duan X, Gordon R, Sinton D, Brolo AG, Ferreira J. Quantification of ovarian cancer markers with integrated microfluidic concentration gradient and imaging nanohole surface plasmon resonance. Analyst 2013; 138:1450-8. [PMID: 23344016 DOI: 10.1039/c3an36616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanohole array-based biosensors integrated with a microfluidic concentration gradient generator were used for imaging detection and quantification of ovarian cancer markers. Calibration curves based on controlled concentrations of the analyte were created using a microfluidic stepped diffusive mixing scheme. Quantification of samples with unknown concentration of analyte was achieved by image-intensity comparison with the calibration curves. The biosensors were first used to detect the immobilization of ovarian cancer marker antibodies, and subsequently applied for the quantification of the ovarian cancer marker r-PAX8 (with a limit of detection of about 5 nM and a dynamic range from 0.25 to 9.0 μg.mL(-1)). The proposed biosensor demonstrated the ability of self-generating calibration curves on-chip in an integrated microfluidic platform, representing a further step towards the development of comprehensive lab-on-chip biomedical diagnostics based on nanohole array technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escobedo
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.
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36
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Estevez MC, Otte MA, Sepulveda B, Lechuga LM. Trends and challenges of refractometric nanoplasmonic biosensors: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 806:55-73. [PMID: 24331040 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by potential benefits such as sensor miniaturization, multiplexing opportunities and higher sensitivities, refractometric nanoplasmonic biosensing has profiled itself in a short time span as an interesting alternative to conventional Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors. This latter conventional sensing concept has been subjected during the last decades to strong commercialization, thereby strongly leaning on well-developed thin-film surface chemistry protocols. Not surprisingly, the examples found in literature based on this sensing concept are generally characterized by extensive analytical studies of relevant clinical and diagnostic problems. In contrast, the more novel Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) alternative finds itself in a much earlier, and especially, more fundamental stage of development. Driven by new fabrication methodologies to create nanostructured substrates, published work typically focuses on the novelty of the presented material, its optical properties and its use - generally limited to a proof-of-concept - as a label-free biosensing scheme. Given the different stages of development both SPR and LSPR sensors find themselves in, it becomes apparent that providing a comparative analysis of both concepts is not a trivial task. Nevertheless, in this review we make an effort to provide an overview that illustrates the progress booked in both fields during the last five years. First, we discuss the most relevant advances in SPR biosensing, including interesting analytical applications, together with different strategies that assure improvements in performance, throughput and/or integration. Subsequently, the remaining part of this work focuses on the use of nanoplasmonic sensors for real label-free biosensing applications. First, we discuss the motivation that serves as a driving force behind this research topic, together with a brief summary that comprises the main fabrication methodologies used in this field. Next, the sensing performance of LSPR sensors is examined by analyzing different parameters that can be invoked in order to quantitatively assess their overall sensing performance. Two aspects are highlighted that turn out to be especially important when trying to maximize their sensing performance, being (1) the targeted functionalization of the electromagnetic hotspots of the nanostructures, and (2) overcoming inherent negative influence that stem from the presence of a high refractive index substrate that supports the nanostructures. Next, although few in numbers, an overview is given of the most exhaustive and diagnostically relevant LSPR sensing assays that have been recently reported in literature, followed by examples that exploit inherent LSPR characteristics in order to create highly integrated and high-throughput optical biosensors. Finally, we discuss a series of considerations that, in our opinion, should be addressed in order to bring the realization of a stand-alone LSPR biosensor with competitive levels of sensitivity, robustness and integration (when compared to a conventional SPR sensor) much closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Carmen Estevez
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marinus A Otte
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Sepulveda
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC & CIBER-BBN, ICN2 Building Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Bhagawati M, You C, Piehler J. Quantitative real-time imaging of protein-protein interactions by LSPR detection with micropatterned gold nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9564-71. [PMID: 24016060 DOI: 10.1021/ac401673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) offers powerful means for sensitive label-free detection of protein-protein interactions in a highly multiplexed format. We have here established self-assembly and surface modification of plasmonic nanostructures on solid support suitable for quantitative protein-protein interaction analysis by spectroscopic and microscopic LSPR detection. These architectures were obtained by layer-by-layer assembly via electrostatic attraction. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were adsorbed on a biocompatible amine-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer brush and further functionalized by poly-l-lysine graft PEG (PLL-PEG) copolymers. Stable yet reversible protein immobilization was achieved via tris(nitrilotriacetic acid) groups incorporated into the PLL-PEG coating. Thus, site-specific immobilization of His-tagged proteins via complexed Ni(II) ions was achieved. Functional protein immobilization on the surface was confirmed by real-time detection of LSPR scattering by reflectance spectroscopy. Association and dissociation rate constants obtained for a reversible protein-protein interaction were in good agreement with the data obtained by other surface-sensitive detection techniques. For spatially resolved detection, AuNP were assembled into micropatterns by means of photolithographic uncaging of surface amines. LSPR imaging of reversible protein-protein interactions was possible in a conventional wide field microscope, yielding detection limits of ∼30 protein molecules within a diffraction-limited surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniraj Bhagawati
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück , Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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Cervantes Tellez GA, Hassan S, Tait RN, Berini P, Gordon R. Atomically flat symmetric elliptical nanohole arrays in a gold film for ultrasensitive refractive index sensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2541-6. [PMID: 23478567 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Past works on refractive index sensing using nanohole arrays in metal films typically achieved a resolution of around 10(-4) to 10(-5) refractive index units (RIU), up to 10(-6) with complicated detection setups. This is an order of magnitude worse than commercial Kretschmann-based surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. Here, we demonstrate intensity-based bulk refractive index sensing in an aqueous environment with a resolution of 9.38 × 10(-8) refractive index units (RIU), showing for the first time comparable performance for nanohole SPR with Kretschmann-based SPR. This is achieved by the combination of three advances in the materials properties: (a) template stripping to achieve ultra-flat Au surfaces of ~0.2 nm roughness, (b) elliptical nanoholes to enhance transmission, and (c) a Cytop substrate to symmetrize the refractive index with the aqueous environment above the metal film. The simple optical microscope geometry and microfluidic integration used in this work is promising for multiplexed lab-on-chip analysis.
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Abstract
The integration of nanohole array based plasmonic sensors into microfluidic systems has enabled the emergence of platforms with unique capabilities and a diversified palette of applications. Recent advances in fabrication techniques together with novel implementation schemes have influenced the progress of these optofluidic platforms. Here, we review the advances that nanohole array based sensors have experienced since they were first merged with microfluidics. We examine established and new fabrication methodologies that have enabled both the fabrication of nanohole arrays with improved optical attributes and a reduction in manufacturing costs. The achievements of several platforms developed to date and the significant benefits obtained from operating the nanoholes as nanochannels are also reviewed herein. Finally, we discuss future opportunities for on-chip nanohole array sensors by outlining potential applications and the use of the abilities of the nanostructures beyond the optical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escobedo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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40
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Stigter E, de Jong G, van Bennekom W. Coupling surface-plasmon resonance and mass spectrometry to quantify and to identify ligands. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gao Y, Xin Z, Gan Q, Cheng X, Bartoli FJ. Plasmonic interferometers for label-free multiplexed sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:5859-5871. [PMID: 23482154 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.005859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a plasmonic interferometric biosensor based on a simple slit-groove metallic nanostructure that monitors the phase changes of surface plasmon polaritons resulting from biomolecular adsorptions. The proposed sensing scheme integrates the strengths of miniaturized plasmonic architectures with sensitive optical interferometry techniques. Sensing peak linewidths as narrow as 7 nm and refractive index resolutions of 1 × 10(-5) RIU were experimentally measured from a miniaturized sensing area of 10 × 30 µm(2) using a collinear transmission setup and a low-cost compact spectrometer. A high-density array of such interferometric sensors was also fabricated to demonstrate its potential for real-time multiplexed sensing using a CCD camera for intensity interrogation. A self-referencing method was introduced to increase the sensitivity and reduce sensor noise for multiplexing measurements. The enhanced sensing performance, small sensor footprint, and simple instrumentation and optical alignment suggest promise to integrate this platform into low-cost label-free biosensing devices with high multiplexing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gao
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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Malic L, Morton K, Clime L, Veres T. All-thermoplastic nanoplasmonic microfluidic device for transmission SPR biosensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:798-810. [PMID: 23287840 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Early and accurate disease diagnosis still remains a major challenge in clinical settings. Biomarkers could potentially provide useful tools for the detection and monitoring of disease progression, treatment safety and efficacy. Recent years have witnessed prodigious advancement in biosensor development with research directed towards rapid, real-time, label-free and sensitive biomarker detection. Among emerging techniques, nanoplasmonic biosensors pose tremendous potential to accelerate clinical diagnosis with real-time multiplexed analysis, rapid and miniaturized assays, low sample consumption and high sensitivity. In order to translate these technologies from the proof-of-principle concept level to point of care clinical diagnosis, integrated, portable devices having small footprint cartridges that house low-cost disposable consumables are sought. Towards this goal, we developed an all-polymeric nanoplasmonic microfluidic (NMF) transmission surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. The device was fabricated in thermoplastics using a simple, single step and cost-effective hot embossing technique amenable to mass production. The novel 3D hierarchical mold fabrication process enabled monolithic integration of blazed nanogratings within the detection chambers of a multichannel microfluidic system. Consequently, a single hard thermoplastic bottom substrate comprising plasmonic and fluidic features allowed integration of active fluidic elements, such as pneumatic valves, in the top soft thermoplastic cover, increasing device functionality. A simple and compact transmission-based optical setup was employed with multiplexed end-point or dual-channel kinetic detection capability which did not require stringent angular accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the transmission SPR biosensor was demonstrated through label-free immunodetection of soluble cell-surface glycoprotein sCD44 at clinically relevant picomolar to nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Malic
- National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, QC, Canada
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Raphael MP, Christodoulides JA, Delehanty JB, Long JP, Pehrsson PE, Byers JM. Quantitative LSPR imaging for biosensing with single nanostructure resolution. Biophys J 2013; 104:30-6. [PMID: 23332056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) imaging has the potential to map complex spatio-temporal variations in analyte concentration, such as those produced by protein secretions from live cells. A fundamental roadblock to the realization of such applications is the challenge of calibrating a nanoscale sensor for quantitative analysis. Here, we introduce a new, to our knowledge, LSPR imaging and analysis technique that enables the calibration of hundreds of individual gold nanostructures in parallel. The calibration allowed us to map the fractional occupancy of surface-bound receptors at individual nanostructures with nanomolar sensitivity and a temporal resolution of 225 ms. As a demonstration of the technique's applicability to molecular and cell biology, the calibrated array was used for the quantitative LSPR imaging of anti-c-myc antibodies harvested from a cultured 9E10 hybridoma cell line without the need for further purification or processing.
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Dahlin AB, Wittenberg NJ, Höök F, Oh SH. Promises and Challenges of Nanoplasmonic Devices for Refractometric Biosensing. NANOPHOTONICS 2013; 2:83-101. [PMID: 24159429 PMCID: PMC3804425 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2012-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in metallic thin films are currently standard tools for measuring molecular binding kinetics and affinities - an important task for biophysical studies and pharmaceutical development. Motivated by recent progress in the design and fabrication of metallic nanostructures, such as nanoparticles or nanoholes of various shapes, researchers have been pursuing a new generation of biosensors harnessing tailored plasmonic effects in these engineered nanostructures. Nanoplasmonic devices, while demanding nanofabrication, offer tunability with respect to sensor dimension and physical properties, thereby enabling novel biological interfacing opportunities and extreme miniaturization. Here we provide an integrated overview of refractometric biosensing with nanoplasmonic devices and highlight some recent examples of nanoplasmonic sensors capable of unique functions that are difficult to accomplish with conventional SPR. For example, since the local field strength and spatial distribution can be readily tuned by varying the shape and arrangement of nanostructures, biomolecular interactions can be controlled to occur in regions of high field strength. This may improve signal-to-noise and also enable sensing a small number of molecules. Furthermore, the nanoscale plasmonic sensor elements may, in combination with nanofabrication and materials-selective surface-modifications, make it possible to merge affinity biosensing with nanofluidic liquid handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Dahlin
- Chalmers University of Technology, Division of Bionanophotonics, Department of Applied Physics, Fysikgränd 3, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 200 Union St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Chalmers University of Technology, Division of Bionanophotonics, Department of Applied Physics, Fysikgränd 3, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 200 Union St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Kumar S, Wittenberg NJ, Oh SH. Nanopore-induced spontaneous concentration for optofluidic sensing and particle assembly. Anal Chem 2012; 85:971-7. [PMID: 23214989 DOI: 10.1021/ac302690w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanopore arrays have emerged as optofluidic platforms with multifarious sensing and analytical capabilities such as label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing of molecular binding interactions and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). However, directed delivery of analytes through open nanopores using traditional methods such as external electric fields or pressure gradients still remains difficult. We demonstrate that nanopore arrays have an intrinsic ability to promote flow through them via capillary flow and evaporation. This passive "nano-drain" mechanism is utilized to concentrate biomolecules on the surface of nanopores for improved detection sensitivity or create ordered nanoscale arrays of beads and liposomes. Without using any external pump or fluidic interconnects, we can concentrate and detect the presence of less than a femtomole of streptavidin in 10 μL of sample using fluorescence imaging. Liposome nanoarrays are also prepared in less than 5 min and used to detect lipid-protein interactions. We also demonstrate label-free SPR detection of analytes using metallic nanopore arrays. This method provides a fast, simple, transportable, and small-volume platform for labeled as well as label-free plasmonic analysis while improving the detection time and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailabh Kumar
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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46
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Lee SH, Lindquist NC, Wittenberg NJ, Jordan LR, Oh SH. Real-time full-spectral imaging and affinity measurements from 50 microfluidic channels using nanohole surface plasmon resonance. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3882-90. [PMID: 22895607 PMCID: PMC3447124 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in high-throughput proteomics and systems biology, there is a growing demand for new instruments that can precisely quantify a wide range of receptor-ligand binding kinetics in a high-throughput fashion. Here we demonstrate a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging spectroscopy instrument capable of simultaneously extracting binding kinetics and affinities from 50 parallel microfluidic channels. The instrument utilizes large-area (~ cm(2)) metallic nanohole arrays as SPR sensing substrates and combines a broadband light source, a high-resolution imaging spectrometer and a low-noise CCD camera to extract spectral information from every channel in real time with a refractive index resolution of 7.7 × 10(-6) refractive index units. To demonstrate the utility of our instrument for quantifying a wide range of biomolecular interactions, each parallel microfluidic channel is coated with a biomimetic supported lipid membrane containing ganglioside (GM1) receptors. The binding kinetics of cholera toxin b (CTX-b) to GM1 are then measured in a single experiment from 50 channels. By combining the highly parallel microfluidic device with large-area periodic nanohole array chips, our SPR imaging spectrometer system enables high-throughput, label-free, real-time SPR biosensing, and its full-spectral imaging capability combined with nanohole arrays could enable integration of SPR imaging with concurrent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hoon Lee
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | | | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Luke R. Jordan
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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47
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Park JH, Ambwani P, Manno M, Lindquist NC, Nagpal P, Oh SH, Leighton C, Norris DJ. Single-crystalline silver films for plasmonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3988-92. [PMID: 22700389 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple route to flat, large-area, single-crystalline films for plasmonics is demonstrated by sputter deposition of silver onto mica substrates at elevated temperatures. The films exhibit improved dielectric properties and allow more precise patterning of high-quality nanostructures for plasmonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Park
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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48
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Lindquist NC, Nagpal P, McPeak KM, Norris DJ, Oh SH. Engineering metallic nanostructures for plasmonics and nanophotonics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:036501. [PMID: 22790420 PMCID: PMC3396886 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/3/036501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures now play an important role in many applications. In particular, for the emerging fields of plasmonics and nanophotonics, the ability to engineer metals on nanometric scales allows the development of new devices and the study of exciting physics. This review focuses on top-down nanofabrication techniques for engineering metallic nanostructures, along with computational and experimental characterization techniques. A variety of current and emerging applications are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Lindquist
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
- Physics Department, Bethel University, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A
| | | | - Kevin M McPeak
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
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Im H, Wittenberg NJ, Lindquist NC, Oh SH. Atomic layer deposition (ALD): A versatile technique for plasmonics and nanobiotechnology. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2012; 27:663-671. [PMID: 22865951 PMCID: PMC3410655 DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2011.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
While atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been used for many years as an industrial manufacturing method for microprocessors and displays, this versatile technique is finding increased use in the emerging fields of plasmonics and nanobiotechnology. In particular, ALD coatings can modify metallic surfaces to tune their optical and plasmonic properties, to protect them against unwanted oxidation and contamination, or to create biocompatible surfaces. Furthermore, ALD is unique among thin-film deposition techniques in its ability to meet the processing demands for engineering nanoplasmonic devices, offering conformal deposition of dense and ultra-thin films on high-aspect-ratio nanostructures at temperatures below 100 °C. In this review, we present key features of ALD and describe how it could benefit future applications in plasmonics, nanosciences, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoon Im
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Nathan C. Lindquist
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Department of Physics, Bethel University, St. Paul, MN 55112, United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Biosensing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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50
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Im H, Sutherland JN, Maynard JA, Oh SH. Nanohole-based surface plasmon resonance instruments with improved spectral resolution quantify a broad range of antibody-ligand binding kinetics. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1941-7. [PMID: 22235895 DOI: 10.1021/ac300070t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an affordable low-noise surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument based on extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) in metallic nanohole arrays and quantify a broad range of antibody-ligand binding kinetics with equilibrium dissociation constants ranging from 200 pM to 40 nM. This nanohole-based SPR instrument is straightforward to construct, align, and operate, since it is built around a standard microscope and a portable fiber-optic spectrometer. The measured refractive index resolution of this platform is 3.1 × 10(-6) without on-chip cooling, which is among the lowest reported for SPR sensors based on EOT. This is accomplished via rapid full-spectrum acquisition in 10 ms followed by frame averaging of the EOT spectra, which is made possible by the production of template-stripped gold nanohole arrays with homogeneous optical properties over centimeter-sized areas. Sequential SPR measurements are performed using a 12-channel microfluidic flow cell after optimizing surface modification protocols and antibody injection conditions to minimize mass-transport artifacts. The immobilization of a model ligand, the protective antigen of anthrax on the gold surface, is monitored in real-time with a signal-to-noise ratio of ~860. Subsequently, real-time binding kinetic curves were measured quantitatively between the antigen and a panel of small, 25 kDa single-chain antibodies at concentrations down to 1 nM. These results indicate that nanohole-based SPR instruments have potential for quantitative antibody screening and as a general-purpose platform for integrating SPR sensors with other bioanalytical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoon Im
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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