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Kioumourtzoglou S, Hof S, Kalk C, Toth V, Görlin M, Nováková J, Sá J. Nanomaterials as a Service (NaaS) concept: on-demand protocols for volume synthesis of nanomaterials. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38887909 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Establishing scalable nanomaterials synthesis protocols remains a bottleneck towards their commercialisation and, thus, a topic of intense research and development. Herein, we present an automated machine-learning microfluidic platform capable of synthesising optically active nanomaterials from target spectra originating from prior experience, theorised or published. Implementing unsupervised Bayesian optimisation with Gaussian processes reduces the optimisation time and the need for prior knowledge to initiate the process. Using PTFE tubing and connectors enables facile change in reactor design. Ultimately, the platform substitutes the labour-intensive trial-and-error synthesis and provides a pathway to standardisation and volume synthesis, slowing down the translation and commercialisation of high-quality nanomaterials. As a proof-of-concept, Ag nanoplates and Prussian-blue nanoparticle protocols were optimised and validated for volume production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Kioumourtzoglou
- Department of Chemistry-Ånsgtröm, Physical-Chemistry Division, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden.
| | - Sebastian Hof
- Department of Chemistry-Ånsgtröm, Physical-Chemistry Division, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden.
| | - Cécile Kalk
- Department of Chemistry-Ånsgtröm, Physical-Chemistry Division, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden.
| | - Viktor Toth
- Toptal, LLC, 2810 N. Church St #36879, Wilmington, DE 19802-4447, USA
| | - Mikaela Görlin
- Department of Chemistry-Ånsgtröm, Structural Chemistry Division, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Jaroslava Nováková
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V holesovickach 2, Prague 8, 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Jacinto Sá
- Department of Chemistry-Ånsgtröm, Physical-Chemistry Division, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
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2
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Ding Y, Cheng Q, Lyu J, Liu Z, Yuan R, Ma F, Zhang X. Visible Microfluidic Deprotonation for Aramid Nanofibers as Building Blocks of Cascade-Microfluidic-Processed Colloidal Aerogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400101. [PMID: 38502025 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic deprotonation approach is proposed to realize continuous, scalable, efficient, and uniform production of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) by virtue of large specific surface area, high mixing efficiency, strong heat transfer capacity, narrow residence time distribution, mild laminar-flow process, and amplification-free effect of the microchannel reactor. By means of monitoring capabilities endowed by the high transparency of the microchannel, the kinetic exfoliation process of original aramid particles is in situ observed and the corresponding exfoliation mechanism is established quantificationally. The deprotonated time can be reduced from the traditional several days to 7 min for the final colloidal dispersion due to the synergistic effect between enhanced local shearing/mixing and the rotational motion of aramid particles in microchannel revealed by numerical simulations. Furthermore, the cascade microfluidic processing approach is used to make various ANF colloidal aerogels including aerogel fibers, aerogel films, and 3D-printed aerogel articles. Comprehensive characterizations show that these cascade-microfluidic-processed colloidal aerogels have identical features as those prepared in batch-style mode, revealing the versatile use value of these ANFs. This work achieves significant progress toward continuous and efficient production of ANFs, bringing about appreciable prospects for the practical application of ANF-based materials and providing inspiration for exfoliating any other nano-building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Cheng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zengwei Liu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhe Yuan
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fengguo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xuetong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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3
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Biswal J, Sen N, Joseph A, Sharma VK, Singh KK, Shenoy KT, Pant HJ. A microfluidic route for synthesis of scandium oxide microspheres, their characterization and neutron activation. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 207:111245. [PMID: 38430827 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Radioactive scandium-46 microspheres have applications in mapping flow in a chemical reactor through a technique known as radioactive particle tracking (RPT). In the present study a novel microfluidic method has been developed for synthesis of controlled size scandium oxide microspheres. An inline/in-situ mixing of the scandium precursor and gelling agents was implemented which makes the microfluidic platform amenable for truly continuous operation. Microspheres of size varying from 937 to 666 μm were produced by varying O/A ratio from 10 to 30. Perfectly spherical and monodispersed (PDI <10 %) microspheres were obtained at O/A 15 and beyond. The morphology, elemental composition, and structure of the microspheres were analysed by SEM, EDS and XRD, respectively. Subsequently the microspheres were irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor to obtain radioactive Sc-46 oxide microspheres. The activity produced on each Sc-46 microspheres with different sizes was in the range 19.5-34.0 MBq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Biswal
- Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Nirvik Sen
- Chemical Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Annie Joseph
- Process Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - K K Singh
- Chemical Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - K T Shenoy
- Chemical Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - H J Pant
- Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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Ma L, Zhao X, Hou J, Huang L, Yao Y, Ding Z, Wei J, Hao N. Droplet Microfluidic Devices: Working Principles, Fabrication Methods, and Scale-Up Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301406. [PMID: 38594964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional emulsification method, droplets generated within microfluidic devices exhibit distinct advantages such as precise control of fluids, exceptional monodispersity, uniform morphology, flexible manipulation, and narrow size distribution. These inherent benefits, including intrinsic safety, excellent heat and mass transfer capabilities, and large surface-to-volume ratio, have led to the widespread applications of droplet-based microfluidics across diverse fields, encompassing chemical engineering, particle synthesis, biological detection, diagnostics, emulsion preparation, and pharmaceuticals. However, despite its promising potential for versatile applications, the practical utilization of this technology in commercial and industrial is extremely limited to the inherently low production rates achievable within a single microchannel. Over the past two decades, droplet-based microfluidics has evolved significantly, considerably transitioning from a proof-of-concept stage to industrialization. And now there is a growing trend towards translating academic research into commercial and industrial applications, primarily driven by the burgeoning demands of various fields. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in droplet-based microfluidics, covering the fundamental working principles and the critical aspect of scale-up integration from working principles to scale-up integration. Based on the existing scale-up strategies, the paper also outlines the future research directions, identifies the potential opportunities, and addresses the typical unsolved challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Nanjing Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
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Zhang T, Di Carlo D, Lim CT, Zhou T, Tian G, Tang T, Shen AQ, Li W, Li M, Yang Y, Goda K, Yan R, Lei C, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Passive microfluidic devices for cell separation. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108317. [PMID: 38220118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The separation of specific cell populations is instrumental in gaining insights into cellular processes, elucidating disease mechanisms, and advancing applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, diagnostics, and cell therapies. Microfluidic methods for cell separation have propelled the field forward, benefitting from miniaturization, advanced fabrication technologies, a profound understanding of fluid dynamics governing particle separation mechanisms, and a surge in interdisciplinary investigations focused on diverse applications. Cell separation methodologies can be categorized according to their underlying separation mechanisms. Passive microfluidic separation systems rely on channel structures and fluidic rheology, obviating the necessity for external force fields to facilitate label-free cell separation. These passive approaches offer a compelling combination of cost-effectiveness and scalability when compared to active methods that depend on external fields to manipulate cells. This review delves into the extensive utilization of passive microfluidic techniques for cell separation, encompassing various strategies such as filtration, sedimentation, adhesion-based techniques, pinched flow fractionation (PFF), deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics, hydrophoresis, viscoelastic microfluidics, and hybrid microfluidics. Besides, the review provides an in-depth discussion concerning cell types, separation markers, and the commercialization of these technologies. Subsequently, it outlines the current challenges faced in the field and presents a forward-looking perspective on potential future developments. This work hopes to aid in facilitating the dissemination of knowledge in cell separation, guiding future research, and informing practical applications across diverse scientific disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Tianyuan Zhou
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Guizhong Tian
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ruopeng Yan
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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6
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Mehraji S, DeVoe DL. Microfluidic synthesis of lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery: recent advances and opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1154-1174. [PMID: 38165786 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00821e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies are revolutionizing the synthesis of nanoscale lipid particles and enabling new opportunities for the production of lipid-based nanomedicines. By harnessing the benefits of microfluidics for controlling diffusive and advective transport within microfabricated flow cells, microfluidic platforms enable unique capabilities for lipid nanoparticle synthesis with precise and tunable control over nanoparticle properties. Here we present an assessment of the current state of microfluidic technologies for lipid-based nanoparticle and nanomedicine production. Microfluidic techniques are discussed in the context of conventional production methods, with an emphasis on the capabilities of microfluidic systems for controlling nanoparticle size and size distribution. Challenges and opportunities associated with the scaling of manufacturing throughput are discussed, together with an overview of emerging microfluidic methods for lipid nanomedicine post-processing. The impact of additive manufacturing on current and future microfluidic platforms is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Mehraji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Don L DeVoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Rana M, Ahmad R, Taylor AF. A microfluidic double emulsion platform for spatiotemporal control of pH and particle synthesis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4504-4513. [PMID: 37766460 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The temporal control of pH in microreactors such as emulsion droplets plays a vital role in applications including biomineralisation and microparticle synthesis. Typically, pH changes are achieved either by passive diffusion of species into a droplet or by acid/base producing reactions. Here, we exploit an enzyme reaction combined with the properties of a water-oil-water (W/O/W) double emulsion to control the pH-time profile in the droplets. A microfluidic platform was used for production of ∼100-200 μm urease-encapsulated double emulsions with a tuneable mineral oil shell thickness of 10-40 μm. The reaction was initiated on-demand by addition of urea and a pulse in base (ammonia) up to pH 8 was observed in the droplets after a time lag of the order of minutes. The pH-time profile can be manipulated by the diffusion timescale of urea and ammonia through the oil layer, resulting in a steady state pH not observed in bulk reactive solutions. This approach may be used to regulate the formation of pH sensitive materials under mild conditions and, as a proof of concept, the reaction was coupled to calcium phosphate precipitation in the droplets. The oil shell thickness was varied to select for either brushite microplatelets or hydroxyapatite particles, compared to the mixture of different precipitates obtained in bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Rana
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Raheel Ahmad
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Annette F Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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Wu M, Li X, Yin DF, Chen W, Qi J, Hu M, Xu J, Cheng Y. Real-time spectroscopic monitoring of continuous-flow synthesis of zinc oxide nano-structures in femtosecond laser fabricated 3D microfluidic microchannels with integrated on-chip fiber probe array. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3785-3793. [PMID: 37492963 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Materials synthesis in a microfluidic environment enables the flexible and controllable production of various types of nanostructures which are of great potential in the fields of chemistry, environmental science, bioengineering, and medicine. Here, we demonstrate on-chip simultaneous continuous-flow synthesis and in situ spectrum diagnosis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials using a femtosecond-fabricated three-dimensional (3D) microchannel reactor integrated with an array of optical fiber probes. The microchannel reactor including 3D concentration gradient generators followed by 3D micromixing units provides high-efficiency manipulation of reactants with different concentrations as well as parallel reaction dynamics in an autonomous manner. The integrated optical fiber probe array allows precise and parallel spectroscopic detection in different microchannels with high spatial and temporal resolutions for screening the synthetic conditions. The synthesized ZnO nanostructures can be tailored in size, shape, and morphology by tuning the flow rates and reactant concentrations based on the spectroscopic signals detected with the fiber probe array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Di-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jia Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics &Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- XXL - The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
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Jia H, Huang Z, Kaynak M, Sakar MS. Colloidal self-assembly of soft neural interfaces from injectable photovoltaic microdevices. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19888-19897. [PMID: 37404318 PMCID: PMC10316755 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic retinas with a wide field of view and high resolution are in demand for neuroprosthetics and robot vision. Conventional neural prostheses are manufactured outside the application area and implanted as a complete device using invasive surgery. Here, a minimally invasive strategy based on in situ self-assembly of photovoltaic microdevices (PVMs) is presented. The photoelectricity transduced by PVMs upon visible light illumination reaches the intensity levels that could effectively activate the retinal ganglion cell layers. The geometry and multilayered architecture of the PVMs along with the tunability of their physical properties such as size and stiffness allow several routes for initiating a self-assembly process. The spatial distribution and packing density of the PVMs within the assembled device are modulated through concentration, liquid discharge speed, and coordinated self-assembly steps. Subsequent injection of a photocurable and transparent polymer facilitates tissue integration and reinforces the cohesion of the device. Taken together, the presented methodology introduces three unique features: minimally invasive implantation, personalized visual field and acuity, and a device geometry adaptable to retina topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jia
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Zhangjun Huang
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Murat Kaynak
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
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10
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Bauer TA, Schramm J, Fenaroli F, Siemer S, Seidl CI, Rosenauer C, Bleul R, Stauber RH, Koynov K, Maskos M, Barz M. Complex Structures Made Simple - Continuous Flow Production of Core Cross-Linked Polymeric Micelles for Paclitaxel Pro-Drug-Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210704. [PMID: 36934295 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Translating innovative nanomaterials to medical products requires efficient manufacturing techniques that enable large-scale high-throughput synthesis with high reproducibility. Drug carriers in medicine embrace a complex subset of tasks calling for multifunctionality. Here, the synthesisof pro-drug-loaded core cross-linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs) in a continuous flow processis reported, which combines the commonly separated steps of micelle formation, core cross-linking, functionalization, and purification into a single process. Redox-responsive CCPMs are formed from thiol-reactive polypept(o)ides of polysarcosine-block-poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-cysteine) and functional cross-linkers based on dihydrolipoic acid hydrazide for pH-dependent release of paclitaxel. The precisely controlled microfluidic process allows the production of spherical micelles (Dh = 35 nm) with low polydispersity values (PDI < 0.1) while avoiding toxic organic solvents and additives with unfavorable safety profiles. Self-assembly and cross-linking via slit interdigital micromixers produces 350-700 mg of CCPMs/h per single system, while purification by online tangential flow filtration successfully removes impurities (unimer ≤ 0.5%). The formed paclitaxel-loaded CCPMs possess the desired pH-responsive release profile, display stable drug encapsulation, an improved toxicity profile compared to Abraxane (a trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb), and therapeutic efficiency in the B16F1-xenotransplanted zebrafish model. The combination of reactive polymers, functional cross-linkers, and microfluidics enables the continuous-flow synthesis of therapeutically active CCPMs in a single process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Bauer
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Schramm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department for Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svenja Siemer
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/Nanobiomedicine, ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine I Seidl
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Rosenauer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Regina Bleul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/Nanobiomedicine, ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Maskos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Anusuyadevi PR, Campbell ZS, Erriguible A, Marre S, Aymonier C. Supercritical millifluidic reactor for the synthesis of efficient GaN nanophotocatalysts. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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12
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An efficient microreactor with continuous serially connected micromixers for the synthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Tang X, Wen X, Yang F. Ultra-stable blue-emitting lead-free double perovskite Cs 2SnCl 6 nanocrystals enabled by an aqueous synthesis on a microfluidic platform. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17641-17653. [PMID: 36412501 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05510d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blue emitting Sn-based lead-free halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are considered to be a promising material in lighting and displays. However, industrialised fabrication of blue-emitting NCs still remains a significant challenge due to the use of toxic solvents and optical instability, not mentioning in large-scale synthesis. In this work, a green-route synthesis of blue-emitting lead-free halide perovskite Cs2SnCl6 powders is developed, in which deionized water with a small amount of inorganic acid is used as the solvent and the synthesis of the Cs2SnCl6 powders is achieved on a microfluidic platform. Using the Cs2SnCl6 powders, we prepare Cs2SnCl6 NCs via an ultrasonication process. Changing the volume ratio of the ligands (oleic acid to oleylamine) can alter the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the prepared NCs, including the PL-peak wavelength, PL-peak intensity and quantum yield. The highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 13.4% is achieved by the Cs2SnCl6 NCs prepared with the volume ratio of oleic acid to oleylamine of 40 μL to 10 μL. A long-term PL stability test demonstrates that the as-synthesized Cs2SnCl6 NCs can retain a stable PLQY over a period of 60 days. This work opens up a new path for a large-scale green-route synthesis of blue-emitting Sn-based lead-free NCs, such as Cs2SnX6 (Cl, Br and I), towards their applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Tang
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Xiyu Wen
- Center for Aluminium Technology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Fuqian Yang
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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14
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Aljarrah MT, Alboull AM, Alharahsheh MS, Ashraf A, Khandakar A. Parametric Study of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis under Micro-Continuous Flow Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248651. [PMID: 36557787 PMCID: PMC9781614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using chemical reduction in batch and microreactor methods has been reported. A parametric study of the effect of several parameters on the size of gold nanoparticles was performed in batch synthesis mode using the modified Martin method. The best-obtained conditions were used to synthesize gold nanoparticles using a glass chip microreactor, and the size of the resulting GNPs from both methods was compared. The presence of polyvinyl alcohol (SC) was used as a capping agent, and sodium borohydride (SB) was used as a reducing agent. Several parameters were studied, including HAuCl4, SC, SB concentrations, the volumetric ratio of SB to gold precursor, pH, temperature, and mixing speed. Various techniques were used to characterize the resulting nanoparticles, including Atomic Absorbance spectroscopy (AAS), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and dynamic light scratching (DLS). Optimum conditions were obtained for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Under similar reaction conditions, the microreactor consistently produced smaller nanoparticles in the range of 10.42-11.31 nm with a reaction time of less than 1 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad T. Aljarrah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Doha P.O. Box 24449, Qatar
- Correspondence:
| | - Ala’a M. Alboull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S. Alharahsheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Azad Ashraf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Doha P.O. Box 24449, Qatar
| | - Amith Khandakar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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15
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Gurung S, Gucci F, Cairns G, Chianella I, Leighton GJT. Hollow Silica Nano and Micro Spheres with Polystyrene Templating: A Mini-Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8578. [PMID: 36500076 PMCID: PMC9739639 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of monodisperse hollow silica nanospheres, especially using a hard template route, has been shown to be successful, but a high yield is needed for this strategy to be used on an industrial scale. On the other hand, there is a research gap in the synthesis of hollow silica microspheres due to the popularity and easiness of the synthesis of silica nanospheres despite the larger spheres being beneficial in some fields. In this review, current trends in producing hollow silica nanospheres using hard templates, especially polystyrene, are briefly presented. Soft templates have also been used to make highly polydisperse hollow silica spheres, and complex designs have improved polydispersity. The effect of the main parameters on the coating is presented here to provide a basic understanding of the interactions between the silica and template surface in the absence or presence of surfactants. Surface charge, surface modification, parameters in the sol-gel method and interaction between the silica and templates need to be further improved to have a uniform coating and better control over the size, dispersity, wall thickness and porosity. As larger organic templates will have lower surface energy, the efficiency of the micro sphere synthesis needs to be improved. Control over the physical structure of hollow silica spheres will open up many opportunities for them to be extensively used in fields ranging from waste removal to energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gurung
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Francesco Gucci
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Gareth Cairns
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, UK
| | - Iva Chianella
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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16
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Liu Y, Yang G, Hui Y, Ranaweera S, Zhao CX. Microfluidic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106580. [PMID: 35396770 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted tremendous interest in drug delivery in the past decades. Microfluidics offers a promising strategy for making NPs for drug delivery due to its capability in precisely controlling NP properties. The recent success of mRNA vaccines using microfluidics represents a big milestone for microfluidic NPs for pharmaceutical applications, and its rapid scaling up demonstrates the feasibility of using microfluidics for industrial-scale manufacturing. This article provides a critical review of recent progress in microfluidic NPs for drug delivery. First, the synthesis of organic NPs using microfluidics focusing on typical microfluidic methods and their applications in making popular and clinically relevant NPs, such as liposomes, lipid NPs, and polymer NPs, as well as their synthesis mechanisms are summarized. Then, the microfluidic synthesis of several representative inorganic NPs (e.g., silica, metal, metal oxide, and quantum dots), and hybrid NPs is discussed. Lastly, the applications of microfluidic NPs for various drug delivery applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guangze Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Hui
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Supun Ranaweera
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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17
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Haghighinia A, Movahedirad S. A tri-fluid tortuous microfluidic chip for green synthesis of nanoparticles and inactivation of a model gram-negative bacteria: Intracellular components evaluation. J Flow Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Tang X, Yang F. Kinetic analysis of the growth behavior of perovskite CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals in a microfluidic system. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2832-2843. [PMID: 35819027 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00331g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the growth behavior of nanoparticles and semiconductor nanocrystals under dynamic environments is of profound importance in controlling the sizes and uniformity of the prepared nanoparticles and semiconductor nanocrystals. In this work, we develop a relation between the bandgap (the photoluminescence peak wavelength) of semiconductor nanocrystals and the total flow rate for the synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals in microfluidic systems under the framework of the quantum confinement effect without the contribution of Coulomb interaction. Using this relation, we analyze the growth behavior of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals synthesized in a microfluidic system by an antisolvent method in the temperature range of 303 to 363 K. The results demonstrate that the square of the average size of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is inversely proportional to the total flow rate and support the developed relation. The activation energy for the rate process controlling the growth of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in the microfluidic system is 2.05 kJ mol-1. Increasing the synthesis temperature widens the size distribution of the CsPbBr3 NCs prepared in the microfluidic system. The method developed in this work provides a simple approach to use photoluminescent characteristics to in situ monitor and analyze the growth of semiconductor nanocrystals under dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Tang
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Fuqian Yang
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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19
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Continuous synthesis of atomically dispersed Rh supported on
MgAl
2
O
4
using two‐stage microreactor. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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CFD Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Continuous Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles Using 2D and 3D Micromixers. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060970. [PMID: 35744584 PMCID: PMC9230433 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted basic and applied research due to their immense potential to enable applications in fields as varied as drug delivery and bioremediation. Conventional synthesis schemes led to wide particle size distributions and inhomogeneous morphologies and crystalline structures. This has been attributed to the inability to control nucleation and growth processes under the conventional conditions of bulk batch processes. Here, we attempted to address these issues by scaling down the synthesis process aided by microfluidic devices, as they provide highly controlled and stable mixing patterns. Accordingly, we proposed three micromixers with different channel configurations, namely, serpentine, triangular, and a 3D arrangement with abrupt changes in fluid direction. The micromixers were first studied in silico, aided by Comsol Multiphysics® to investigate the obtained mixing patterns, and consequently, their potential for controlled growth and the nucleation processes required to form MNPs of uniform size and crystalline structure. The devices were then manufactured using a low-cost approach based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and laser cutting. Testing the micromixers in the synthesis of MNPs revealed homogeneous morphologies and particle size distributions, and the typical crystalline structure reported previously. A life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis for the devices was conducted in comparison with conventional batch co-precipitation synthesis to investigate the potential impacts on water and energy consumption. The obtained results revealed that such consumptions are higher than those of the conventional process. However, they can be reduced by conducting the synthesis with reused micromixers, as new PMMA is not needed for their assembly prior to operation. We are certain that the proposed approach represents an advantageous alternative to co-precipitation synthesis schemes, in terms of continuous production and more homogeneous physicochemical parameters of interest such as size, morphologies, and crystalline structure. Future work should be directed towards improving the sustainability indicators of the micromixers’ manufacturing process.
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21
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Continuous synthesis of dolutegravir sodium crystals using liquid-gas heterogeneous microreactor. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Filippi M, Buchner T, Yasa O, Weirich S, Katzschmann RK. Microfluidic Tissue Engineering and Bio-Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108427. [PMID: 35194852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio-hybrid robots consist of synthetic and living materials and have the potential to self-assemble, regenerate, work autonomously, and interact safely with other species and the environment. Cells require a sufficient exchange of nutrients and gases, which is guaranteed by convection and diffusive transport through liquid media. The functional development and long-term survival of biological tissues in vitro can be improved by dynamic flow culture, but only microfluidic flow control can develop tissue with fine structuring and regulation at the microscale. Full control of tissue growth at the microscale will eventually lead to functional macroscale constructs, which are needed as the biological component of soft bio-hybrid technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in microfluidic techniques to engineer biological tissues, focusing on the use of muscle cells for robotic bio-actuation. Moreover, the instances in which bio-actuation technologies greatly benefit from fusion with microfluidics are highlighted, which include: the microfabrication of matrices, biomimicry of cell microenvironments, tissue maturation, perfusion, and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Buchner
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weirich
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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23
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Sebastian V. Toward continuous production of high-quality nanomaterials using microfluidics: nanoengineering the shape, structure and chemical composition. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4411-4447. [PMID: 35274121 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06342a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a multitude of synthesis strategies has been reported for the production of high-quality nanoparticles. Wet-chemical methods are generally the most efficient synthesis procedures since high control of crystallinity and physicochemical properties can be achieved. However, a number of challenges remain from inadequate reaction control during the nanocrystallization process; specifically variability, selectivity, scalability and safety. These shortcomings complicate the synthesis, make it difficult to obtain a uniform product with desired properties, and present serious limitations for scaling the production of colloidal nanocrystals from academic studies to industrial applications. Continuous flow reactors based on microfluidic principles offer potential solutions and advantages. The reproducibility of reaction conditions in microfluidics and therefore product quality have proved to exceed those obtained by batch processing. Considering that in nanoparticles' production not only is it crucial to control the particle size distribution, but also the shape and chemical composition, this review presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art in synthesis of anisotropic and faceted nanostructures by using microfluidics techniques. The review surveys the available tools that enable shape and chemical control, including secondary growth methods, active segmented flow, and photoinduced shape conversion. In addition, emphasis is placed on the available approaches developed to tune the structure and chemical composition of nanomaterials in order to produce complex heterostructures in a continuous and reproducible fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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24
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Abad M, Mendoza G, Usón L, Arruebo M, Piñol M, Sebastián V, Oriol L. Microfluidic Synthesis of Block Copolymer Micelles: Application as Drug nanocarriers and as Photothermal Transductors When Loading Pd Nanosheets. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100528. [PMID: 35258161 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles from a block copolymer based on poly(ethylene glycol) and a polymethacrylate containing the nucleobase analogue 2,6-diacylaminopyridine has been optimized by microfluidics to obtain homogeneous spherical micelles. Loading and delivery properties have been studied using naproxen as a model. The incorporation of a Pd precursor in the polymer organic solution fed into the micromixer allows the preparation of Pd(II) precursor-polymer hybrid systems, and the subsequent reduction with CO lead to the in-situ synthesis of Pd nanosheets inside of the hydrophobic core of the polymeric micelles. This methodology is highly efficient to yield all polymeric nanoparticles loaded with Pd nanosheets as detected by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The cell viability of these Pd nanosheets-containing polymeric nanoparticles has been evaluated using five cell lines, showing a high cytocompatibility at the tested concentrations without detrimental effects in cell membrane and nuclei. Furthermore, the use of these hybrid polymeric nanoparticles as photothermal transductors has been evaluated using NIR as irradiation source, as well as its application in photothermal therapy using different cell lines demonstrating a high efficiency in all cell cultures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Abad
- M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- G. Mendoza, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,G. Mendoza, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiomedicine (CIBER-BNN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,G. Mendoza, Aragón Health Research Institute (ISS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Laura Usón
- L. Usón, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,L. Usón, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,L. Usón, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiomedicine (CIBER-BNN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiomedicine (CIBER-BNN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Aragón Health Research Institute (ISS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Milagros Piñol
- M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiomedicine (CIBER-BNN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Aragón Health Research Institute (ISS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Luis Oriol
- M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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25
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Mea H, Wan J. Microfluidics-enabled functional 3D printing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:021501. [PMID: 35282033 PMCID: PMC8896890 DOI: 10.1063/5.0083673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has established itself as a powerful tool to enable highly precise spatiotemporal control over fluid streams for mixing, separations, biochemical reactions, and material synthesis. 3D printing technologies such as extrusion-based printing, inkjet, and stereolithography share similar length scales and fundamentals of fluid handling with microfluidics. The advanced fluidic manipulation capabilities afforded by microfluidics can thus be potentially leveraged to enhance the performance of existing 3D printing technologies or even develop new approaches to additive manufacturing. This review discusses recent developments in integrating microfluidic elements with several well-established 3D printing technologies, highlighting the trend of using microfluidic approaches to achieve functional and multimaterial 3D printing as well as to identify potential future research directions in this emergent area.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Mea
- Also at: Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J. Wan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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26
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Burange AS, Osman SM, Luque R. Understanding flow chemistry for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients. iScience 2022; 25:103892. [PMID: 35243250 PMCID: PMC8867129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-step organic syntheses of various drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and other pharmaceutically and agriculturally important compounds have already been reported using flow synthesis. Compared to batch, hazardous and reactive reagents can be handled safely in flow. This review discusses the pros and cons of flow chemistry in today’s scenario and recent developments in flow devices. The review majorly emphasizes on the recent developments in the flow synthesis of pharmaceutically important products in last five years including flibanserin, imatinib, buclizine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, meclizine, ribociclib, celecoxib, SC-560 and mavacoxib, efavirenz, fluconazole, melitracen HCl, rasagiline, tamsulosin, valsartan, and hydroxychloroquine. Critical steps and new development in the flow synthesis of selected compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand S. Burange
- Department of Chemistry, Wilson College, Chowpatty, Mumbai 400007, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 107198 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author
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27
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Isikawa M, Guidelli E. Microfluidic Synthesis of Theranostic Nanoparticles with Near-Infrared Scintillation: Toward Next-Generation Dosimetry in X-ray-Induced Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:324-336. [PMID: 34963048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed a microfluidic synthesis to grow GdF3:Eu theranostic scintillating nanoparticles to simultaneously monitor the X-ray dose delivered to tumors during treatments with X-ray activated photodynamic therapy (X-PDT). The flow reaction was optimized to enhance scintillation emission from the Eu3+ ions. The as-prepared ∼15 nm rhombohedral-shaped nanoparticles self-assembled into ∼100 nm mesoporous flower-like nanostructures, but the rhombohedral units remained intact and the scintillation spectra unaltered. The conjugation of the ScNPs with multilayers of methylene blue (MB) in a core-shell structure (GdF@MB) resulted in enhanced singlet oxygen (1O2) generation under X-ray irradiation, with maximum 1O2 production for nanoparticles with 4 MB layers (GdF@4MB). High 1O2 yield was further evidenced in cytotoxicity assays, demonstrating complete cell death only for the association of ScNPs with MB and X-rays. Because the scintillating Eu3+ emission at 694 nm is within the therapeutic window and was only partially absorbed by the MB molecules, it was explored for getting in vivo dosimetric information. Using porcine skin and fat to simulate the optical and radiological properties of the human tissues, we showed that the scintillation light can be detected for a tissue layer of ∼16 mm, thick enough to be employed in radiotherapy treatments of breast cancers, for instance. Therefore, the GdF3:Eu ScNPs and the GdF@4MB nanoconjugates are strong candidates for treating cancer with X-PDT while monitoring the treatment and the radiation dose delivered, opening new avenues to develop a next-generation modality of real-time in vivo dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mileni Isikawa
- Departamento de Física. FFCLRP- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Eder Guidelli
- Departamento de Física. FFCLRP- Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
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Khan M, Joshi S, Ranade VV. Characterization of axial dispersion in vertical helical coil for gas-liquid-liquid flow at low Reynolds numbers. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gas-Liquid-Liquid (GLL) slug flow reactors offer several advantages like higher interfacial area, excellent mass transfer, and lower backmixing. The mesoscale (diameter ~ few mm) helical coiled reactors operating in slug...
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29
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Tofighi G, Lichtenberg H, Gaur A, Wang W, Wild S, Herrera Delgado K, Pitter S, Dittmeyer R, Grunwaldt JD, Doronkin DE. Continuous synthesis of Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3 nanoparticles in a co-precipitation reaction using a silicon based microfluidic reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic reactor enabled continuous co-precipitation synthesis of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts for methanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Tofighi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Henning Lichtenberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wu Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wild
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karla Herrera Delgado
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephan Pitter
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Ozcelik A, Aslan Z. A simple acoustofluidic device for on-chip fabrication of PLGA nanoparticles. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:014103. [PMID: 35154554 PMCID: PMC8816518 DOI: 10.1063/5.0081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of systems and processes provides numerous benefits in terms of cost, reproducibility, precision, minimized consumption of chemical reagents, and prevention of contamination. The field of microfluidics successfully finds a place in a plethora of applications, including on-chip nanoparticle synthesis. Compared with the bulk approaches, on-chip methods that are enabled by microfluidic devices offer better control of size and uniformity of fabricated nanoparticles. However, these microfluidic devices generally require complex and expensive fabrication facilities that are not readily available in low-resourced laboratories. Here, a low-cost and simple acoustic device is demonstrated by generating acoustic streaming flows inside glass capillaries through exciting different flexural modes. At distinct frequencies, the flexural modes of the capillary result in different oscillation profiles that can insert harmonic forcing into the fluid. We explored these flexural modes and identified the modes that can generate strong acoustic streaming vortices along the glass capillary. Then, we applied these modes for fluid mixing using an easy-to-fabricate acoustofluidic device architecture. This device is applied in the fabrication of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles. The acoustic device consists of a thin glass capillary and two polydimethylsiloxane adaptors that are formed using three-dimensional printed molds. By controlling the flow rates of the polymer and water solutions, PLGA nanoparticles with diameters between 65 and 96 nm are achieved with polydispersity index values ranging between 0.08 and 0.18. Owing to its simple design and minimal fabrication requirements, the proposed acoustofluidic mixer can be applied for microfluidic fluid mixing applications in limited resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Ozcelik
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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31
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Jin Z, Wang H, Hu X, Liu Y, Hu Y, Zhao S, Zhu N, Fang Z, Guo K. Anionic polymerizations in a microreactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00360g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anionic polymerizations in a microreactor enable fast mixing, high-level control, and scale-up synthesis of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Huiyue Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Yujing Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
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32
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Zhang D, Fu L, Xu G, Zhang Y. Segmented flow capillary microreactors for determination of kinetic rate constants of reactive zinc extraction system. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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High Temperature Continuous Flow Syntheses of Iron Oxide Nanoflowers Using the Polyol Route in a Multi-Parametric Millifluidic Device. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010119. [PMID: 35010070 PMCID: PMC8746638 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most versatile routes for the elaboration of nanomaterials in materials science, including the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoclusters, is the high-temperature polyol process. However, despite its versatility, this process still lacks reproducibility and scale-up, in addition to the low yield obtained in final materials. In this work, we demonstrate a home-made multiparametric continuous flow millifluidic system that can operate at high temperatures (up to 400 °C). After optimization, we validate its potential for the production of nanomaterials using the polyol route at 220 °C by elaborating ferrite iron oxide nanoclusters called nanoflowers (CoFe2O4, Fe3O4, MnFe2O4) with well-controlled nanostructure and composition, which are highly demanded due to their physical properties. Moreover, we demonstrate that by using such a continuous process, the chemical yield and reproducibility of the nanoflower synthesis are strongly improved as well as the possibility to produce these nanomaterials on a large scale with quantities up to 45 g per day.
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34
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Samuel G, Nazim U, Sharma A, Manuel V, Elnaggar MG, Taye A, Nasr NEH, Hofni A, Abdel Hakiem AF. Selective targeting of the novel CK-10 nanoparticles to the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1197-1207. [PMID: 34929154 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this project was to formulate novel decorated amphiphilic PLGA nanoparticles aiming for the selective delivery of the novel peptide (CK-10) to the cancerous/tumor tissue. Novel modified microfluidic techniques were used to formulate the nanoparticles. This technique was modified by using of Nano Assemblr associated with salting out of the organic solvent using K2HPO4. This modification is associated with higher peptide loading efficiencies, smaller size and higher uniformity. Size, zeta potential & qualitative determination of the adsorbed targeting ligands were measured by dynamic light scattering and laser anemometry techniques using the zeta sizer. Quantitative estimation of the adsorbed targeting ligands was done by colorimetry and spectrophotometric techniques. Qualitative and quantitative uptakes of the various PLGA nanoparticles were examined by the fluorescence microscope and the flow cytometer while the cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles was measured by the colorimetric MTT assay. PLGA/poloxamer.FA, PLGA/poloxamer.HA, and PLGA/poloxamer.Tf have breast cancer MDA. MB321 cellular uptakes 83.8, 75.43 & 69.37 % which are higher than those of the PLGA/B cyclodextrin.FA, PLGA/B cyclodextrin.HA and PLGA/B cyclodextrin.Tf 80.87, 74.47 & 64.67 %. Therefore, PLGA/poloxamer.FA and PLGA/poloxamer.HA show higher cytotoxicity than PLGA/ poloxamer.Tf with lower breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell viabilities 30.74, 39.15 & 49.23 %, respectively. The design of novel decorated amphiphilic CK-10 loaded PLGA nanoparticles designed by the novel modified microfluidic technique succeeds in forming innovative anticancer formulations candidates for therapeutic use in aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girgis Samuel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Uddin Nazim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Ankur Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Marwa G Elnaggar
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Hofni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Faried Abdel Hakiem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
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35
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Paccotti N, Chiadò A, Novara C, Rivolo P, Montesi D, Geobaldo F, Giorgis F. Real-Time Monitoring of the In Situ Microfluidic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles on Solid Substrate for Reliable SERS Detection. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120520. [PMID: 34940277 PMCID: PMC8699179 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A sharpened control over the parameters affecting the synthesis of plasmonic nanostructures is often crucial for their application in biosensing, which, if based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), requires well-defined optical properties of the substrate. In this work, a method for the microfluidic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on porous silicon (pSi) was developed, focusing on achieving a fine control over the morphological characteristics and spatial distribution of the produced nanostructures to be used as SERS substrates. To this end, a pSi membrane was integrated in a microfluidic chamber in which the silver precursor solution was injected, allowing for the real-time monitoring of the reaction by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The synthesis parameters, such as the concentration of the silver precursor, the temperature, and the flow rate, were varied in order to study their effects on the final silver NPs' morphology. Variations in the flow rate affected the size distribution of the NPs, whereas both the temperature and the concentration of the silver precursor strongly influenced the rate of the reaction and the particle size. Consistently with the described trends, SERS tests using 4-MBA as a probe showed how the flow rate variation affected the SERS enhancement uniformity, and how the production of larger NPs, as a result of an increase in temperature or of the concentration of the Ag precursor, led to an increased SERS efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Paccotti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Alessandro Chiadò
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Novara
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Rivolo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Daniel Montesi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesco Geobaldo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Giorgis
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
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36
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Bacchin P, Leng J, Salmon JB. Microfluidic Evaporation, Pervaporation, and Osmosis: From Passive Pumping to Solute Concentration. Chem Rev 2021; 122:6938-6985. [PMID: 34882390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation, pervaporation, and forward osmosis are processes leading to a mass transfer of solvent across an interface: gas/liquid for evaporation and solid/liquid (membrane) for pervaporation and osmosis. This Review provides comprehensive insight into the use of these processes at the microfluidic scales for applications ranging from passive pumping to the screening of phase diagrams and micromaterials engineering. Indeed, for a fixed interface relative to the microfluidic chip, these processes passively induce flows driven only by gradients of chemical potential. As a consequence, these passive-transport phenomena lead to an accumulation of solutes that cannot cross the interface and thus concentrate solutions in the microfluidic chip up to high concentration regimes, possibly up to solidification. The purpose of this Review is to provide a unified description of these processes and associated microfluidic applications to highlight the differences and similarities between these three passive-transport phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Bacchin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Leng
- CNRS, Solvay, LOF, UMR 5258, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
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Koryakina IG, Afonicheva PK, Arabuli KV, Evstrapov AA, Timin AS, Zyuzin MV. Microfluidic synthesis of optically responsive materials for nano- and biophotonics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 298:102548. [PMID: 34757247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanomaterials demonstrating optical response under illumination, the so-called optically responsive nanoparticles (NPs), have found their broad application as optical switchers, gas adsorbents, data storage devices, and optical and biological sensors. Unique optical properties of such nanomaterials are strongly related to their chemical composition, geometrical parameters and morphology. Microfluidic approaches for NPs' synthesis allow overcoming the known critical stages in conventional synthesis of NPs due to a high rate of heat/mass transfer and precise regulation of synthesis conditions, which results in reproducible synthesis outcomes with the desired physico-chemical properties. Here, we review the recent advances in microfluidic approach for synthesis of optically responsive nanomaterials (plasmonic, photoluminescent, shape-changeable NPs), highlighting the general background of microfluidics, common considerations in the design of microfluidic chips (MFCs), and theoretical models of the NPs' formation mechanisms. Comparative analysis of microfluidic synthesis with conventional synthesis methods is provided further, along with the recent applications of optically responsive NPs in nano- and biophotonics.
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Jin Y, Wang T, Li Q, Wang F, Li J. A microfluidic approach for rapid and continuous synthesis of glycoprotein-imprinted nanospheres. Talanta 2021; 239:123084. [PMID: 34836638 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many strategies have been reported for the preparation of glycoproteins imprinted polymers, but they take a long time and cannot produce imprinted polymers continuously. Herein, a microfluidic synthesis approach was developed to make glycoproteins imprinted nanospheres rapidly and continuously. By using ovalbumin as a model template and a synthesized phenylboronic acid-tagged silane reagent as the functional monomer, the synthetic conditions including the polymerization contents, the flow rate and the microfluidic reactor size were comprehensively studied. Under the optimized conditions, the glycoprotein imprinted nanospheres could be synthesized rapidly (<2 h), and exhibited high specificity with cross-reactivity factors of 1.3 (ovotransferrin), +∞ (horse-radish peroxidase), 5.1 (β-lactoglobulin) and 101 (bovine serum albumin). The kinetic and equilibrium binding behaviors, reusability and potential applications of the glycoprotein imprinted nanosphere were investigated. Such microfluidic synthesis strategy can be easily extended to produce other target glycoproteins imprinted nanospheres, as well as non-glycoproteins by using suitable functional monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qianjin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Fenying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Jianlin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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39
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Le TNQ, Tran NN, Escribà-Gelonch M, Serra CA, Fisk I, McClements DJ, Hessel V. Microfluidic encapsulation for controlled release and its potential for nanofertilisers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11979-12012. [PMID: 34515721 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is increasingly being utilized to create advanced materials with improved or new functional attributes. Converting fertilizers into a nanoparticle-form has been shown to improve their efficacy but the current procedures used to fabricate nanofertilisers often have poor reproducibility and flexibility. Microfluidic systems, on the other hand, have advantages over traditional nanoparticle fabrication methods in terms of energy and materials consumption, versatility, and controllability. The increased controllability can result in the formation of nanoparticles with precise and complex morphologies (e.g., tuneable sizes, low polydispersity, and multi-core structures). As a result, their functional performance can be tailored to specific applications. This paper reviews the principles, formation, and applications of nano-enabled delivery systems fabricated using microfluidic approaches for the encapsulation, protection, and release of fertilizers. Controlled release can be achieved using two main routes: (i) nutrients adsorbed on nanosupports and (ii) nutrients encapsulated inside nanostructures. We aim to highlight the opportunities for preparing a new generation of highly versatile nanofertilisers using microfluidic systems. We will explore several main characteristics of microfluidically prepared nanofertilisers, including droplet formation, shell fine-tuning, adsorbate fine-tuning, and sustained/triggered release behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Nguyen Quang Le
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. .,Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nam Nghiep Tran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Marc Escribà-Gelonch
- Higher Polytechnic Engineering School, University of Lleida, Igualada (Barcelona), 08700, Spain
| | - Christophe A Serra
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ian Fisk
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.,The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Volker Hessel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. .,School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Rd, Coventry, UK
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40
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Dobhal A, Srivastav A, Dandekar P, Jain R. Influence of lactide vs glycolide composition of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymers on encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules: molecular dynamics and formulation studies. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:126. [PMID: 34591178 PMCID: PMC8484083 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The work demonstrates the preparation of PLGA (PLGA 50:50, PLGA 75:25) nanoparticles, to encapsulate a hydrophobic molecule (coumarin-6), using the microreactor-based continuous process. The formulations were characterized using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy to determine their size, homogeneity, zeta potential, and surface morphology. The resulting nanoparticles were safe to the CHO cells (≈80% cell survival), at the concentration of ≤600 µg/mL and were successfully taken up by the cells, as demonstrated using confocal microscopy. Moreover, imaging flow cytometry confirmed that the nanoparticles were internalized in 73.96% of the cells. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation and docking studies were carried out to explore the effect of polymer chain length of PLGA and lactide vs glycolide (LA:GA) ratio on their compatibility with the coumarin-6 molecules and to study the coiling and flexibility of PLGA in the presence of coumarin-6 molecules. Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) was calculated for polymer chains of varying lengths and LA:GA ratio, with respect to coumarin-6. χ parameter increased with increase in polymer chain length, which indicated superior interaction of coumarin-6 with the smaller chains. Amongst all the polymeric systems, PLGA55 exhibited the strongest interaction with coumarin-6, for all the chain lengths, possibly because of their homogeneous spatial arrangements and superior binding energy. PLGA27 showed better compatibility compared to PLGA72 and PGA, whereas PLA-based polymers exhibited the least compatibility. Analysis of the radius of gyration of the polymer chains in the polymer-coumarin-6 complexes, at the end of molecular dynamics run, exhibited that the polymer chains displayed varying coiling behavior and flexibility, depending upon the relative concentrations of the polymer and coumarin-6. Factors like intra-chain interactions, spatial arrangement, inter-chain binding energies, and polymer-coumarin-6 compatibility also influenced the coiling and flexibility of polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Dobhal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Ashu Srivastav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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41
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Zhu H, Wu KJ, He CH. Continuous Synthesis of Uniformly Dispersed Mesoporous SBA-15 Supported Silver Nanoparticles in a Coiled Flow Inverter Reactor. Front Chem 2021; 9:747105. [PMID: 34631668 PMCID: PMC8492998 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.747105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica supported nanocatalysts have shown great potential in industrial processes due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, large pore volume, good chemomechanical stability and so on. Controllable and tunable synthesis of supported nanocatalysts is a crucial problem. Continuous synthesis of supported nanoparticles has been reported to get uniformly dispersed nanomaterials. Here, a method for continuous synthesis of uniformly dispersed mesoporous SBA-15 supported silver nanoparticles in a coiled flow inverter (CFI) microreactor is described. Compared to Ag/SBA-15 synthesized in the conventional batch reactor and Ag synthesized in continuous flow, mesoporous silica nanocatalysts synthesized in continuous flow are found to have smaller average size (7-11 nm) and narrower size distribution. The addition of capping agents can effectively change the characteristic of catalysts. Moreover, two kinds of support with different surface area and pore size have been added into the continuous synthesis. This method can provide further understandings for the synthesis of uniformly dispersed supported nanocatalysts in continuous flow, especially for mesoporous nanomaterials, which provides the possibilities of large-scale yield process of supported nanocatalysts in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, China
| | - Ke-Jun Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, China
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Hong He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, China
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Wu J, Yadavali S, Lee D, Issadore DA. Scaling up the throughput of microfluidic droplet-based materials synthesis: A review of recent progress and outlook. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:031304. [PMID: 34484549 PMCID: PMC8293697 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the development of microfluidic chips that generate micrometer- and nanometer-scale materials. These chips allow precise control over composition, structure, and particle uniformity not achievable using conventional methods. These microfluidic-generated materials have demonstrated enormous potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, food processing, acoustic, and optical meta-materials, and more. However, because the basis of these chips' performance is their precise control of fluid flows at the micrometer scale, their operation is limited to the inherently low throughputs dictated by the physics of multiphasic flows in micro-channels. This limitation on throughput results in material production rates that are too low for most practical applications. In recent years, however, significant progress has been made to tackle this challenge by designing microchip architectures that incorporate multiple microfluidic devices onto single chips. These devices can be operated in parallel to increase throughput while retaining the benefits of microfluidic particle generation. In this review, we will highlight recent work in this area and share our perspective on the key unsolved challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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Ochoa-Vazquez G, Kharisov B, Arizmendi-Morquecho A, Cario A, Aymonier C, Marre S, Lopez I. Continuous segmented-flow synthesis of Ag and Au nanoparticles using a low-cost microfluidic PTFE tubing reactor. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:135-140. [PMID: 34329169 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present in here a simple and low cost continuous segmented-flow process for the synthesis of Ag and Au spherical-shaped nanoparticles. Different residence times (RT) were used to perform the nanoparticle synthesis, observing that at low RT, the Ag nanoparticles production, which uses a fast reduction reaction with NaBH4, is improved due to an enhancement in the mixing of the reactants. However, the flow conditions have an opposite effect in the case of Au nanoparticles synthesis. Indeed, since the chemical reduction process (Turkevich method) exhibit a much slower kinetics, high RT (low flowrates) improve the synthesis yield and the quality of the nanoparticles. The Ag and Au nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The Ag spherical-shaped nanoparticles presented a LSPR at 400 nm (size ≈ 4 nm), while the synthesized Au nanoparticles exhibit LSPR and sizes in the range 520 - 550 nm and 14 - 17 nm, respectively.
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Giroire B, Garcia A, Marre S, Cardinal T, Aymonier C. Chemistry Platform for the Ultrafast Continuous Synthesis of High-Quality III-V Quantum Dots. Chemistry 2021; 27:12965-12970. [PMID: 34278628 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A chemistry platform for the fast continuous synthesis of III-V quantum dots is demonstrated. III-nitride QDs are prepared by using short residence times (less than 30 s) in a one-step continuous process with supercritical solvents. GaN QDs prepared via this route exhibit strong UV photoluminescence with a structuring of the emission signal at low temperature (5 K), confirming their high quality. An example of metal site substitution is given with the synthesis of Inx Ga1-x N solid solution. A continuous bandgap shift towards lower energies is demonstrated when increasing the indium content with strong photoluminescence signals from UV to visible. The chemistry platform proposed could be easily extrapolated to binary and ternary III phosphides or arsenides with the homologous V source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Giroire
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Alain Garcia
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Samuel Marre
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
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Intensified extraction and separation of zinc from cadmium and manganese by a slug flow capillary microreactor. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Behavior of Silicon Carbide Materials under Dry to Hydrothermal Conditions. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051351. [PMID: 34065490 PMCID: PMC8161094 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon carbide materials are excellent candidates for high-performance applications due to their outstanding thermomechanical properties and their strong corrosion resistance. SiC materials can be processed in various forms, from nanomaterials to continuous fibers. Common applications of SiC materials include the aerospace and nuclear fields, where the material is used in severely oxidative environments. Therefore, it is important to understand the kinetics of SiC oxidation and the parameters influencing them. The first part of this review focuses on the oxidation of SiC in dry air according to the Deal and Grove model showing that the oxidation behavior of SiC depends on the temperature and the time of oxidation. The oxidation rate can also be accelerated with the presence of H2O in the system due to its diffusion through the oxide scales. Therefore, wet oxidation is studied in the second part. The third part details the effect of hydrothermal media on the SiC materials that has been explained by different models, namely Yoshimura (1986), Hirayama (1989) and Allongue (1992). The last part of this review focuses on the hydrothermal corrosion of SiC materials from an application point of view and determine whether it is beneficial (manufacturing of materials) or detrimental (use of SiC in latest nuclear reactors).
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Ranadive P, Blanchette Z, Spanos A, Medlin JW, Brunelli N. Scalable synthesis of selective hydrodeoxygenation inverted Pd@TiO2 nanocatalysts. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Han H, Yoon JH, Yi GR, Choi WI, Lim JM. High-speed continuous production of polymeric nanoparticles with improved stability using a self-aligned coaxial turbulent jet mixer. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zizzari A, Carbone L, Cesaria M, Bianco M, Perrone E, Rendina F, Arima V. Continuous flow scalable production of injectable size-monodisperse nanoliposomes in easy-fabrication milli-fluidic reactors. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Shukla K, Agarwalla S, Duraiswamy S, Gupta RK. Recent advances in heterogeneous micro-photoreactors for wastewater treatment application. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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