1
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Casto-Boggess LD, Holland LA. Fluorescent parallel electrophoresis assay of enzyme inhibition. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342268. [PMID: 38401944 PMCID: PMC10911858 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme inhibitors comprise the largest class of pharmaceutical compounds. The discovery and development of new enzyme inhibitor drug candidates depends on sensitive tools to quantify inhibition constants, Ki, for the most promising candidates. A high throughput, automated, and miniaturized approach to measure inhibition is reported. In this technique enzyme inhibition occurs within a 16 nL nanogel reaction zone that is integrated into a capillary. The reaction and electrophoresis separation are completed in under 10 min. The nanoliter enzyme reaction zones are easily positioned inside a standard separation capillary by pseudo-immobilizing enzymes within a thermally reversible nanogel. RESULTS This report optimizes and validates a capillary nanogel electrophoresis reaction and separation with a multi-capillary array instrument. Inhibitor constants are determined for the neuraminidase enzyme to quantify the effect of the transition state analog, 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA), as well as the inhibitor Siastatin B. With the multi-capillary array assay replicate Ki values are determined to be 5.7 ± 0.1 μM (n = 3) and 9.2 ± 0.2 μM (n = 3) for DANA and Siastatin B, respectively. The enzyme reaction in each separation capillary converts the substrate to a product in real time. The nanogel is used under suppressed electroosmotic flow, sustains enzyme function, and is easily filled and replaced by changing the capillary temperature. Using laser-induced fluorescence allows the determination to be achieved with substrate concentrations well below the Michaelis-Menten constant, making the method independent of the substrate concentration and therefore a more easily implemented assay. SIGNIFICANCE A lower measurement cost is realized when the reaction volume is miniaturized because the amounts of enzyme, substrate and inhibitor are reduced. Fast enzyme reactions are possible because of the small reaction volume. With a multi-capillary array, the inhibition assay is achieved in a fraction of the time required for traditional methods. The separation-based assay can even be applied to labeled substrates not cleaned up following the labeling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Casto-Boggess
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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2
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Hecko S, Schiefer A, Badenhorst CPS, Fink MJ, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT, Rudroff F. Enlightening the Path to Protein Engineering: Chemoselective Turn-On Probes for High-Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Activity. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2832-2901. [PMID: 36853077 PMCID: PMC10037340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Many successful stories in enzyme engineering are based on the creation of randomized diversity in large mutant libraries, containing millions to billions of enzyme variants. Methods that enabled their evaluation with high throughput are dominated by spectroscopic techniques due to their high speed and sensitivity. A large proportion of studies relies on fluorogenic substrates that mimic the chemical properties of the target or coupled enzymatic assays with an optical read-out that assesses the desired catalytic efficiency indirectly. The most reliable hits, however, are achieved by screening for conversions of the starting material to the desired product. For this purpose, functional group assays offer a general approach to achieve a fast, optical read-out. They use the chemoselectivity, differences in electronic and steric properties of various functional groups, to reduce the number of false-positive results and the analytical noise stemming from enzymatic background activities. This review summarizes the developments and use of functional group probes for chemoselective derivatizations, with a clear focus on screening for enzymatic activity in protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoffel P S Badenhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael J Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Garber JM, Fordwour OB, Zandberg WF. A Rapid Protocol for Preparing 8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-Trisulfonate-Labeled Glycans for Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Enzyme Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2657:223-239. [PMID: 37149535 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3151-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Purified glycan standards are required for glycan arrays, characterizing substrate specificities of glycan-active enzymes, and to serve as retention-time or mobility standards for various separation techniques. This chapter describes a method for the rapid separation, and subsequent desalting, of glycans labeled with the highly fluorescent fluorophore 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (APTS). By using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) on polyacrylamide gels, a technique amenable to equipment readily available in most molecular biology laboratories, many APTS-labeled glycans can be simultaneously resolved. Excising specific gel bands containing the desired APTS-labeled glycans, followed by glycan elution from the gel by simple diffusion and subsequent solid-phase extraction (SPE)-based desalting, affords a single glycan species free of excess labeling reagents and buffer components. The described protocol also offers a simple, rapid method for the simultaneous removal of excess APTS and unlabeled glycan material from reaction mixtures. This chapter describes a FACE/SPE procedure ideal for preparing glycans for capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based enzyme assays, as well as for the purification of rare, commercially unavailable glycans from tissue culture samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene M Garber
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Osei B Fordwour
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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4
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Kato T, Nagae H, Yonehara K, Kitano T, Nagashima H, Tanaka S, Oku T, Mashima K. Continuous Plug Flow Process for the Transesterification of Methyl Acrylate and 1,4-Butanediol by a Zn-Immobilized Catalyst for Producing 4-Hydroxybutyl Acrylate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taito Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka560-8531, Japan
- Corporate Research Division, Nippon Shokubai Company Limited, Suita, Osaka564-0034, Japan
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka560-8531, Japan
| | - Koji Yonehara
- Innovation & Business Development Division, Nippon Shokubai Company Limited, Suita, Osaka564-0034, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kitano
- Corporate Research Division, Nippon Shokubai Company Limited, Suita, Osaka564-0034, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagashima
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Oku
- Corporate Research Division, Nippon Shokubai Company Limited, Suita, Osaka564-0034, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka560-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
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5
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Bhide R, Feltenberger CN, Phun GS, Barton G, Fishman D, Ardo S. Quantification of Excited-State Brønsted-Lowry Acidity of Weak Photoacids Using Steady-State Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and a Driving-Force-Dependent Kinetic Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14477-14488. [PMID: 35917469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoacids and photobases constitute a class of molecules that upon absorption of light undergoes a reversible change in acidity, i.e. pKa. Knowledge of the excited-state pKa value, pKa*, is critical for predicting excited-state proton-transfer behavior. A reasonable approximation of pKa* is possible using the Förster cycle analysis, but only when the ground-state pKa is known. This poses a challenge for the study of weak photoacids (photobases) with less acidic (basic) excited states (pKa* (pKb*) > 7), because ground-state pKa (pKb) values are >14, making it difficult to quantify them accurately in water. Another method to determine pKa* relies on acid-base titrations with photoluminescence detection and Henderson-Hasselbalch analysis. This method requires that the acid dissociation reaction involving the thermally equilibrated electronic excited state reaches chemical quasi-equilibrium, which does not occur for weak photoacids (photobases) due to slow rates of excited-state proton transfer. Herein, we report a method to overcome these limitations. We demonstrate that liquid water and aqueous hydroxide are unique proton-accepting quenchers of excited-state photoacids. We determine that Stern-Volmer quenching analysis is appropriate to extract rate constants for excited-state proton transfer in aqueous solutions from a weak photoacid, 5-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonate, to a series of proton-accepting quenchers. Analysis of these data by Marcus-Cohen bond-energy-bond-order theory yields an accurate value for pKa* of 5-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonate. Our method is broadly accessible because it only requires readily available steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy. Moreover, our results for weak photoacids are consistent with those from previous studies of strong photoacids, each showing the applicability of kinetic theories to interpret driving-force-dependent rate constants for proton-transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhide
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Cassidy N Feltenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Gabriel S Phun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Grant Barton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dmitry Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Laser Spectroscopy Laboratories, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shane Ardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California─Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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6
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Kato T, Akebi SY, Nagae H, Yonehara K, Oku T, Mashima K. Runge–Kutta analysis for optimizing the Zn-catalyzed transesterification conditions of MA and MMA with diols to maximize monoesterified products. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01180d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Terminal hydroxylated acrylate derivatives were prepared by transesterification using zinc catalyst. The time to reach the equilibrium state was analyzed by curve-fitting analysis based on the Runge–Kutta method for optimizing the best conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taito Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Research Center, Innovation and Business Development Division, Nippon Shokubai Co., LTD., Suita, Osaka 564-0034, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Akebi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Koji Yonehara
- Research Center, Innovation and Business Development Division, Nippon Shokubai Co., LTD., Suita, Osaka 564-0034, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Oku
- Research Center, Innovation and Business Development Division, Nippon Shokubai Co., LTD., Suita, Osaka 564-0034, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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7
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Fomin M, Seikowski J, Belov VN, Hell SW. Negatively Charged Red-Emitting Acridine Dyes for Facile Reductive Amination, Separation, and Fluorescent Detection of Glycans. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5329-5336. [PMID: 32154706 PMCID: PMC7307837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CGE-LIF) has become a key method in high-throughput glycan analysis. At present, CGE-LIF relies on the green fluorophore 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS). However, APTS has moderate reactivity in labeling of glycans and a fixed selectivity profile. Here, we report synthesis of red-emitting and highly reactive fluorescent tags for glycan derivatization. The design is based on a 9-aminoacridine scaffold with various acceptor groups at C-2 (CN, SO2R) and a primary amino group at C-7 for conjugation via reductive amination. These reactive dyes exhibit absorption maxima close to 450 nm and emission above 600 nm. They readily undergo conjugation with reducing sugars at the desired 1:1 stoichiometry. The red emission of conjugates with a maximum at 610-630 nm can be observed under excitation with 488 nm light and detected separately from the APTS-labeled oligosaccharides. Phosphorylated 7,9-diaminoacridine-2-SO2R derivatives with variable amounts of negative charges provide high mobilities of glycoconjugates on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), as compared with those of APTS. We further demonstrate their utility by labeling and separating a maltodextrin ladder and sialyllactose isomers. The new dyes are expected to cross-validate and increase the glycan identification precision in CGE-LIF and help to reveal "heavy" glycans, yet undetectable with the APTS label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim
A. Fomin
- Department
of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Seikowski
- Facility
for Synthetic Chemistry, MPIBPC, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vladimir N. Belov
- Department
of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Department
of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Savicheva EA, Mitronova GY, Thomas L, Böhm MJ, Seikowski J, Belov VN, Hell SW. Negativ geladene gelb emittierende 1‐Aminopyrene für reduktive Aminierung und Fluoreszenznachweis von Glykanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Savicheva
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Guyzel Yu. Mitronova
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Laura Thomas
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Artesan Pharma GmbH Deutschland
| | - Marvin J. Böhm
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Institut für organische und biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Deutschland
| | | | - Vladimir N. Belov
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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9
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Savicheva EA, Mitronova GY, Thomas L, Böhm MJ, Seikowski J, Belov VN, Hell SW. Negatively Charged Yellow-Emitting 1-Aminopyrene Dyes for Reductive Amination and Fluorescence Detection of Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5505-5509. [PMID: 31895495 PMCID: PMC7154675 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1‐Aminopyrenes with three ω‐hydroxylated N‐alkylsulfonamido or alkylsulfonyl residues in positions 3, 6, and 8 were prepared, O‐phosphorylated, and applied for reductive amination of oligosaccharides. The dyes (ϵ≈20 000 m−1 cm−1) with six negative charges (pH≥8) and low m/z ratios enable labeling and fluorescence detection of reducing sugars (glycans) related to the most structurally and functionally diverse class of natural products. Under excitation with a 488 nm laser, the new glycoconjugates emit yellow light of about 560 nm, outperforming (with respect to brightness and faster electrophoretic mobilities) the corresponding APTS derivatives (benchmark dye with green emission in conjugates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Savicheva
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guyzel Yu Mitronova
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Thomas
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Present address: Artesan Pharma GmbH, Germany
| | - Marvin J Böhm
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Present address: Institut für organische und biomolekulare Chemie der, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Vladimir N Belov
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Kearns FL, Robart C, Kemp MT, Vankayala SL, Chapin BM, Anslyn EV, Woodcock HL, Larkin JD. Modeling Boronic Acid Based Fluorescent Saccharide Sensors: Computational Investigation of d-Fructose Binding to Dimethylaminomethylphenylboronic Acid. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2150-2158. [PMID: 30908030 PMCID: PMC8577280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Designing organic saccharide sensors for use in aqueous solution is a nontrivial endeavor. Incorporation of hydrogen bonding groups on a sensor's receptor unit to target saccharides is an obvious strategy but not one that is likely to ensure analyte-receptor interactions over analyte-solvent or receptor-solvent interactions. Phenylboronic acids are known to reversibly and covalently bind saccharides (diols in general) with highly selective affinity in aqueous solution. Therefore, recent work has sought to design such sensors and understand their mechanism for allowing fluorescence with bound saccharides. In past work, binding orientations of several saccharides were determined to dimethylaminomethylphenylboronic acid (DMPBA) receptors with an anthracene fluorophore; however, the binding orientation of d-fructose to such a sensor could not be determined. In this work, we investigate the potential binding modes by generating 20 possible bidentate and six possible tridentate modes between fructose and DMPBA, a simplified receptor model. Gas phase and implicit solvent geometry optimizations, with a myriad functional/basis set pairs, were carried out to identify the lowest energy bidentate and tridentate binding modes of d-fructose to DMPBA. An interesting hydrogen transfer was observed during selected bidentate gas phase optimizations; this transfer suggests a strong sharing of the hydrogen atom between the boronate hydroxyl and amine nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L. Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250, United States
| | - Carrie Robart
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250, United States
| | - M. Trent Kemp
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250, United States
| | - Sai Lakshmana Vankayala
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250, United States
| | - Brette M. Chapin
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th Street, Norman Hackerman Building, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - H. Lee Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250, United States
| | - Joseph D. Larkin
- Department of Chemistry, Eckerd College, 4200 54th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33711, United States
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11
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Bruen D, Delaney C, Diamond D, Florea L. Fluorescent Probes for Sugar Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38431-38437. [PMID: 30360068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new class of polymerizable boronic acid (BA) monomers are presented, which are used to generate soft hydrogels capable of accurate determination of saccharide concentration. By exploiting the interaction of these cationic BAs with an anionic fluorophore, 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (pyranine), a two-component sugar-sensing system was realized. In the presence of such cationic BAs ( o-BA, m-BA, and p-BA), the fluorescence of pyranine becomes quenched because of the formation of a nonfluorescent BA-fluorophore complex. Upon addition of saccharides, formation of a cyclic boronate ester results in dissociation of the nonfluorescent complex and recovery of the pyranine fluorescence. The response of this system was examined in solution with common monosaccharides, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. Subsequent polymerization of the BA monomers yielded cross-linked hydrogels which showed similar reversible recovery of fluorescence in the presence of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Bruen
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Colm Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Larisa Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
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12
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Fang G, Wang H, Bian Z, Sun J, Liu A, Fang H, Liu B, Yao Q, Wu Z. Recent development of boronic acid-based fluorescent sensors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29400-29427. [PMID: 35548017 PMCID: PMC9084483 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04503h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As Lewis acids, boronic acids can bind with 1,2- or 1,3-diols in aqueous solution reversibly and covalently to form five or six cyclic esters, thus resulting in significant fluorescence changes. Based on this phenomenon, boronic acid compounds have been well developed as sensors to recognize carbohydrates or other substances. Several reviews in this area have been reported before, however, novel boronic acid-based fluorescent sensors have emerged in large numbers in recent years. This paper reviews new boron-based sensors from the last five years that can detect carbohydrates such as glucose, ribose and sialyl Lewis A/X, and other substances including catecholamines, reactive oxygen species, and ionic compounds. And emerging electrochemically related fluorescent sensors and functionalized boronic acid as new materials including nanoparticles, smart polymer gels, and quantum dots were also involved. By summarizing and discussing these newly developed sensors, we expect new inspiration in the design of boronic acid-based fluorescent sensors. As Lewis acids, boronic acids can bind with 1,2- or 1,3-diols in aqueous solution reversibly and covalently to form five or six cyclic esters, thus resulting in significant fluorescence changes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Fang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Zhancun Bian
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Aiqin Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Zhongyu Wu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
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13
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Kovalev IS, Taniya OS, Kopchuk DS, Giri K, Mukherjee A, Santra S, Majee A, Rahman M, Zyryanov GV, Bakulev VA, Chupakhin ON. 1-Hydroxypyrene-based micelle-forming sensors for the visual detection of RDX/TNG/PETN-based bomb plots in water. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03807d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
New micelle-forming fluorescence molecular sensors are reported based on 1-hydroxypyrene designed exclusively for the detection of nitro-aliphatic explosives/taggants.
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14
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15
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Acquah I, Roh J, Ahn DJ. Dual-fluorophore Raspberry-like Nanohybrids for Ratiometric pH Sensing. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1724-1729. [PMID: 28503913 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development of raspberry-like silica structures formed by the adsorption of 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS)@silica nanoparticles (NPs) on rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBTIC)@silica NPs for ratiometric fluorescence-based pH sensing. To overcome the well-known problem of dye leaching which occurs during encapsulation of anionic HPTS dye in silica NPs, we utilized a polyelectrolyte-assisted incorporation of the anionic HPTS. The morphological and optical characterization of the as-synthesized dye-doped NPs and the resulting nanohybrids were carried out. The pH-sensitive dye, HPTS, incorporated in the HPTS-doped silica NPs provided a pH-dependent fluorescence response while the RBITC-doped silica provided the reference signal for ratiometric sensing. We evaluated the effectiveness of the nanohybrids for pH sensing; the ratio of the fluorescence emission intensity at 510 nm and 583 nm at excitation wavelengths of 454 nm and 555 nm, respectively. The results showed a dynamic response in the acidic pH range. With this approach, nanohybrids containing different dyes or receptors could be developed for multifunctioning and multiplexing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Acquah
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Engineering Program, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, University Post, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jinkyu Roh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong June Ahn
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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16
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Resendez A, Panescu P, Zuniga R, Banda I, Joseph J, Webb DL, Singaram B. Multiwell Assay for the Analysis of Sugar Gut Permeability Markers: Discrimination of Sugar Alcohols with a Fluorescent Probe Array Based on Boronic Acid Appended Viologens. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5444-52. [PMID: 27116118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of discerning between different sugar and sugar alcohols of biomedical relevance, such as gut permeability, arrays of 2-component probes were assembled with up to six boronic acid-appended viologens (BBVs): 4,4'-o-BBV, 3,3'-o-BBV, 3,4'-o-BBV, 4,4'-o,m-BBV, 4,7'-o-PBBV, and pBoB, each coupled to the fluorophore 8-hydroxypyrene, 1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS). These probes were screened for their ability to discriminate between lactulose, l-rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, and xylose. Binding studies of sugar alcohols mannitol, sorbitol, erythritol, adonitol, arabitol, galactitol, and xylitol revealed that diols containing threo-1,2-diol units have higher affinity for BBVs relative diols containing erythro-1,2 units. Those containing both threo-1,2- and 1,3-syn diol motifs showed high affinity for boronic acid binding. Fluorescence from the arrays were examined by principle component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Arrays with only three BBVs sufficed to discriminate between sugars (e.g., lactulose) and sugar alcohols (e.g., mannitol), establishing a differential probe. Compared with 4,4'-o-BBV, 2-fold reductions in lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were achieved for lactulose with 4,7-o-PBBV (LOD 41 μM, LOQ 72 μM). Using a combination of 4,4'-o-BBV, 4,7-o-PBBV, and pBoB, LDA statistically segregated lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratios from 0.1 to 0.5, consistent with values encountered in small intestinal permeability tests. Another triad containing 3,3'-o-BBV, 4,4'-o-BBV, and 4,7-o-PBBV also discerned similar L/M ratios. This proof-of-concept demonstrates the potential for BBV arrays as an attractive alternate to HPLC to analyze mixtures of sugars and sugar alcohols in biomedical applications and sheds light on structural motifs that make this possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Resendez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Priera Panescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Ruth Zuniga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Isaac Banda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jorly Joseph
- IIRBS, Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam, 686560, India
| | - Dominic-Luc Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States.,Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uppsala University , 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Brooks WLA, Sumerlin BS. Synthesis and Applications of Boronic Acid-Containing Polymers: From Materials to Medicine. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1375-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William L. A. Brooks
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Tony D. James
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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19
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Prikryl J, Foret F. Fluorescence detector for capillary separations fabricated by 3D printing. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11951-6. [PMID: 25427247 DOI: 10.1021/ac503678n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple inexpensive light-emitting diode (LED)-based fluorescence detector for detection in capillary separations is described. The modular design includes a separate high power LED source, detector head, designed in the epifluorescence arrangement, and capillary detection cells. The detector head and detection cells were printed using a 3D printer and assembled with commercially available optical components. Optical fibers were used for connecting the detector head to the LED excitation source and the photodetector module. Microscope objective or high numerical aperture optical fiber were used for collection of the fluorescence emission from the fused silica separation capillary. As an example, mixture of oligosaccharides labeled by 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (APTS) was separated by capillary zone electrophoresis and detected by the described detector. The performance of the detector was compared with both a semiconductor photodiode and photomultiplier as light sensing elements. The main advantages of the 3D printed parts, compared to the more expensive alternatives from the optic component suppliers, include not only cost reduction, but also easy customization of the spatial arrangement, modularity, miniaturization, and sharing of information between laboratories for easy replication or further modifications of the detector. All information and files necessary for printing the presented detector are enclosed in the Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prikryl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry AS CR, v. v. i. , 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
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Andreyev EA, Komkova MA, Nikitina VN, Zaryanov NV, Voronin OG, Karyakina EE, Yatsimirsky AK, Karyakin AA. Reagentless polyol detection by conductivity increase in the course of self-doping of boronate-substituted polyaniline. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11690-5. [PMID: 25363870 DOI: 10.1021/ac5029819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on the novel reagentless and label-free detection principle based on electroactive (conducting) polymers considering sensors for polyols, particularly, saccharides and hydroxy acids. Unlike the majority of impedimetric and conductometric (bio)sensors, which specific and unspecific signals are directed in the same way (resistance increase), making doubtful their real applications, the response of the reported system results in resistance decrease, which is directed oppositely to the background. The mechanism of the resistance decrease is the polyaniline self-doping, i.e., as an alternative to proton doping, an appearance of the negatively charged aromatic ring substituents in polymer chain. Negative charge "freezing" at the boron atom is indeed a result of complex formation with di- and polyols, specific binding. Changes in Raman spectra of boronate-substituted polyaniline after addition of glucose are similar to those caused by proton doping of the polymer. Thermodynamic data on interaction of the electropolymerized 3-aminophenylboronic acid with saccharides and hydroxy acids also confirm that the observed resistance decrease is due to polymer interaction with polyols. The first reported conductivity increase as a specific signal opens new horizons for reagentless affinity sensors, allowing the discrimination of specific affinity bindings from nonspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor A Andreyev
- Chemistry Faculty and LG-MSU Joint Laboratory, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119991, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Guan Y, Zhang Y. Boronic acid-containing hydrogels: synthesis and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8106-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60152h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Desmet T, Soetaert W, Bojarová P, Křen V, Dijkhuizen L, Eastwick-Field V, Schiller A. Enzymatic glycosylation of small molecules: challenging substrates require tailored catalysts. Chemistry 2012; 18:10786-801. [PMID: 22887462 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation can significantly improve the physicochemical and biological properties of small molecules like vitamins, antibiotics, flavors, and fragrances. The chemical synthesis of glycosides is, however, far from trivial and involves multistep routes that generate lots of waste. In this review, biocatalytic alternatives are presented that offer both stricter specificities and higher yields. The advantages and disadvantages of different enzyme classes are discussed and illustrated with a number of recent examples. Progress in the field of enzyme engineering and screening are expected to result in new applications of biocatalytic glycosylation reactions in various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Desmet
- University of Ghent, Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Gent, Belgium
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23
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A unique, two-component sensing system for fluorescence detection of glucose and other carbohydrates. PURE APPL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-10-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our glucose-sensing system, a boronic acid-modified viologen molecule quenches the fluorescence of a separate dye molecule. When glucose or other monosaccharides are added and bind to the boronic acid, the quenching ability of the viologen is diminished and fluorescence increases. Thus, changes in the fluorescence of the dye can be correlated with changing glucose concentration. Quenching and sugar-sensing results are explained by an electrostatic interaction between dye and quencher. This modular system can be configured in a nearly unlimited number of ways through substitution and multiplexing of the two fundamental quencher and dye components. Significantly, fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) can also be used as the reporter component. The system can also be immobilized in a hydrogel polymer to provide real-time, reversible sugar sensing.
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25
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Constantin VA, Bongard D, Walder L. Triply Branched Viologen Stars: Synthesis and Polymerization by Peripheral Benzyl Coupling. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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D'Hooge F, Elfeky SA, Flower SE, Pascu SI, Jenkins ATA, Elsen JMHVD, James TD, Fossey JS. Biotinylated boronic acid fluorophore conjugates: Quencher elimination strategy for imaging and saccharide detection. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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27
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Wu Q, Wang L, Yu H, Wang J, Chen Z. Organization of glucose-responsive systems and their properties. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7855-75. [PMID: 21902252 DOI: 10.1021/cr200027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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28
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Going Beyond Continuous Glucose Monitoring with Boronic Acid-Appended Bipyridinium Salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9672-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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29
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Nishiyabu R, Kubo Y, James TD, Fossey JS. Boronic acid building blocks: tools for sensing and separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1106-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02920c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Vilozny B, Schiller A, Wessling RA, Singaram B. Multiwell plates loaded with fluorescent hydrogel sensors for measuring pH and glucose concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Larkin JD, Frimat KA, Fyles TM, Flower SE, James TD. Boronic acid based photoinduced electron transfer (PET) fluorescence sensors for saccharides. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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