1
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Fay CD, Corcoran B, Diamond D. Green IoT Event Detection for Carbon-Emission Monitoring in Sensor Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 24:162. [PMID: 38203023 PMCID: PMC10781252 DOI: 10.3390/s24010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This research addresses the intersection of low-power microcontroller technology and binary classification of events in the context of carbon-emission reduction. The study introduces an innovative approach leveraging microcontrollers for real-time event detection in a homogeneous hardware/firmware manner and faced with limited resources. This showcases their efficiency in processing sensor data and reducing power consumption without the need for extensive training sets. Two case studies focusing on landfill CO2 emissions and home energy usage demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach. The findings highlight significant power savings achieved by minimizing data transmission during non-event periods (94.8-99.8%), in addition to presenting a sustainable alternative to traditional resource-intensive AI/ML platforms that comparatively draw and produce 20,000 times the amount of power and carbon emissions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac D. Fay
- SMART Infrastructure Facility, Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Brian Corcoran
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland;
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2
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Fay CD, Healy JP, Diamond D. Advanced IoT Pressure Monitoring System for Real-Time Landfill Gas Management. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7574. [PMID: 37688023 PMCID: PMC10490650 DOI: 10.3390/s23177574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This research presents a novel stand-alone device for the autonomous measurement of gas pressure levels on an active landfill site, which enables the real-time monitoring of gas dynamics and supports the early detection of critical events. The developed device employs advanced sensing technologies and wireless communication capabilities, enabling remote data transmission and access via the Internet. Through extensive field experiments, we demonstrate the high sampling rate of the device and its ability to detect significant events related to gas generation dynamics in landfills, such as flare shutdowns or blockages that could lead to hazardous conditions. The validation of the device's performance against a high-end analytical system provides further evidence of its reliability and accuracy. The developed technology herein offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for environmental landfill gas monitoring and management. We expect that this research will contribute to the advancement of environmental monitoring technologies and facilitate better decision-making processes for sustainable waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac D. Fay
- SMART Infrastructure Facility, Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - John P. Healy
- CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- CLARITY: Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research (NCSR), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Rodrigues JF, Florea L, de Oliveira MCF, Diamond D, Oliveira ON. Big data and machine learning for materials science. Discov Mater 2021; 1:12. [PMID: 33899049 PMCID: PMC8054236 DOI: 10.1007/s43939-021-00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we review aspects of leading-edge research and innovation in materials science that exploit big data and machine learning (ML), two computer science concepts that combine to yield computational intelligence. ML can accelerate the solution of intricate chemical problems and even solve problems that otherwise would not be tractable. However, the potential benefits of ML come at the cost of big data production; that is, the algorithms demand large volumes of data of various natures and from different sources, from material properties to sensor data. In the survey, we propose a roadmap for future developments with emphasis on computer-aided discovery of new materials and analysis of chemical sensing compounds, both prominent research fields for ML in the context of materials science. In addition to providing an overview of recent advances, we elaborate upon the conceptual and practical limitations of big data and ML applied to materials science, outlining processes, discussing pitfalls, and reviewing cases of success and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F. Rodrigues
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Computing, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Larisa Florea
- SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria C. F. de Oliveira
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Computing, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP Brazil
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4
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del Pozo M, Delaney C, Bastiaansen CWM, Diamond D, Schenning APHJ, Florea L. Direct Laser Writing of Four-Dimensional Structural Color Microactuators Using a Photonic Photoresist. ACS Nano 2020; 14:9832-9839. [PMID: 32574044 PMCID: PMC7450659 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of direct laser writing using two-photon polymerization, the generation of high-resolution three-dimensional microstructures has increased dramatically. However, the development of stimuli-responsive photoresists to create four-dimensional (4D) microstructures remains a challenge. Herein, we present a supramolecular cholesteric liquid crystalline photonic photoresist for the fabrication of 4D photonic microactuators, such as pillars, flowers, and butterflies, with submicron resolution. These micron-sized features display structural color and shape changes triggered by a variation of humidity or temperature. These findings serve as a roadmap for the design and creation of high-resolution 4D photonic microactuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc del Pozo
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Colm Delaney
- School
of Chemistry and AMBER, the SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials
and BioEngineering Research, Trinity College
Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cees W. M. Bastiaansen
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Larisa Florea
- School
of Chemistry and AMBER, the SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials
and BioEngineering Research, Trinity College
Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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5
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Murray E, Roche P, Briet M, Moore B, Morrin A, Diamond D, Paull B. Fully automated, low-cost ion chromatography system for in-situ analysis of nitrite and nitrate in natural waters. Talanta 2020; 216:120955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Pirovano P, Dorrian M, Shinde A, Donohoe A, Brady AJ, Moyna NM, Wallace G, Diamond D, McCaul M. A wearable sensor for the detection of sodium and potassium in human sweat during exercise. Talanta 2020; 219:121145. [PMID: 32887090 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The SwEatch platform, a wearable sensor for sampling and measuring the concentration of electrolytes in human sweat in real time, has been improved in order to allow the sensing of two analytes. The solid contact ion-sensitive electrodes (ISEs) for the detection of Na+ and K+ have been developed in two alternative formulations, containing either poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (POT) as a conductive polymer transducing component. The solution-processable POT formulation simplifies the fabrication process, and sensor to sensor reproducibility has been improved via partial automation using an Opentron® automated pipetting robot. The resulting electrodes showed good sensitivity (52.4 ± 6.3 mV/decade (PEDOT) and 56.4 ± 2.2 mV/decade (POT) for Na+ ISEs, and 45.7 ± 7.4 mV/decade (PEDOT) and 54.3 ± 1.5 mV/decade (POT) for K+) and excellent selectivity towards potential interferents present in human sweat (H+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+). The 3D printed SwEatch platform has been redesigned to incorporate a double, mirrored fluidic unit which is capable of drawing sweat from the skin through passive capillary action and bring it in contact with two independent electrodes. The potentiometric signal generated by the electrodes is measured by an integrated electronics board, digitised and transmitted via Bluetooth to a laptop. The results obtained from on-body trials on athletes during cycling show a relatively small increase in sodium (1.89 mM-2.97 mM) and potassium (3.31 mM-7.25 mM) concentrations during the exercise period of up to 90 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pirovano
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Matthew Dorrian
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Akshay Shinde
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Andrew Donohoe
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Aidan J Brady
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niall M Moyna
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Gordon Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Margaret McCaul
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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7
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8
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Bruen D, Delaney C, Chung J, Ruberu K, Wallace GG, Diamond D, Florea L. 3D Printed Sugar-Sensing Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900610. [PMID: 32090394 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ability of boronic acids (BAs) to reversibly bind diols, such as sugars, has been widely studied in recent years. In solution, through the incorporation of additional fluorophores, the BA-sugar interaction can be monitored by changes in fluorescence. Ultimately, a practical realization of this technology requires a transition from solution-based methodologies. Herein, the first example of 3D-printed sugar-sensing hydrogels, achieved through the incorporation of a BA-fluorophore pair in a gelatin methacrylamide-based matrix is presented. Through optimization of monomeric cocktails, it is possible to use extrusion printing to generate structured porous hydrogels which show a measurable and reproducible linear fluorescence response to glucose and fructose up to 100 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Bruen
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,ARC Centre for Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Colm Delaney
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre - South Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Johnson Chung
- ARC Centre for Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Kalani Ruberu
- ARC Centre for Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre for Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Larisa Florea
- School of Chemistry and AMBER, the SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Donohoe A, Lacour G, Harrison DJ, Diamond D, McCaul M. Fabrication of Rugged and Reliable Fluidic Chips for Autonomous Environmental Analyzers Using Combined Thermal and Pressure Bonding of Polymethyl Methacrylate Layers. ACS Omega 2019; 4:21131-21140. [PMID: 31867506 PMCID: PMC6921617 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of highly reliable and rugged fluidic chips designed for use in autonomous analyses for nutrient monitoring is described. The chips are based on a two-layer configuration with the fluidic channels produced in one layer using precision micromilling. The second capping layer contains through holes for sample/standard and reagent addition and waste removal post-analysis. Two optically clear polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) windows are integrated into the opaque PMMA chip, orthogonal to a 22.5 mm-long section of the channel downstream from a serpentine reagent and sample/standard mixing region. An LED source is coupled into the channel through one of the windows, and the light intensity is monitored with a photodiode located at the distal end of the channel outside the second optically clear window. Efficient coupling of the source through the channel to the detector is achieved using custom-designed alignment units produced using 3D printing. In contrast to fluidic chips produced using solvent adhesion, the thermal-/pressure-bonded simplified method presented removes the need for surface treatment. Optimization of the thermal/pressure conditions leads to very strong adhesion between the PMMA layers, requiring forces in the region of 2000 N to separate them, which is necessary for the use in long-term deployments. Profilometry imaging shows minimal evidence of channel distortion after bonding. Finally, we show the potential of these techniques for environmental applications. The fluidic chips were integrated into prototype nutrient analyzers that display no evidence of leakage in extensive lab tests involving 2500 phosphate measurements using the yellow (vanadomolybdophosphoric acid) method. Similarly, excellent analytical performance (LOD is 0.09 μM) is reported for a 28-day field trial comprising 188 in situ autonomous phosphate measurements (564 measurements) in total including calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Donohoe
- Insight
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Gareth Lacour
- Insight
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - D. Jed Harrison
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Margaret McCaul
- Insight
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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10
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Fornells E, Murray E, Waheed S, Morrin A, Diamond D, Paull B, Breadmore M. Integrated 3D printed heaters for microfluidic applications: Ammonium analysis within environmental water. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1098:94-101. [PMID: 31948591 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A multi-material 3D printed microfluidic reactor with integrated heating is presented, which was applied within a manifold for the colorimetric determination of ammonium in natural waters. Graphene doped polymer was used to provide localised heating when connected to a power source, achieving temperatures of up to 120 °C at 12 V, 0.7 A. An electrically insulating layer of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer or a new microdiamond-ABS polymer composite was used as a heater coating. The microdiamond polymer composite provided higher thermal conductivity and uniform heating of the serpentine microreactor which resulted in greater temperature control and accuracy in comparison to pure ABS polymer. The developed heater was then applied and demonstrated using a modified Berthelot reaction for ammonium analysis, in which the microreactor was configured at a predetermined optimised temperature. A 5-fold increase in reaction speed was observed compared to previously reported reaction rates. A simple flow injection analysis set up, comprising the microfluidic heater along with an LED-photodiode based optical detector, was assembled for ammonium analysis. Two river water samples and two blind ammonium standards were analysed and estimated concentrations were compared to concentrations determined using benchtop IC. The highest relative error observed following the analysis of the environmental samples was 11% and for the blind standards was 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Fornells
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, 7001, Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Eoin Murray
- Research & Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd. (TelLab), Tullow, Carlow, Ireland; Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sidra Waheed
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Aoife Morrin
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brett Paull
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, 7001, Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Michael Breadmore
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, 7001, Australia; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, 7001, Australia.
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11
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Diamond D. Commentary to "Parents perceptions of psychosocial care for children with differences of sex development". J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:523. [PMID: 31669170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Diamond
- Boston Children's Hospital, Urology, Boston, United States.
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12
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Zarghami S, Xiao Y, Wagner P, Florea L, Diamond D, Officer DL, Wagner K. Dual Droplet Functionality: Phototaxis and Photopolymerization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:31484-31489. [PMID: 31365224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of phototaxis to move droplets in liquids offers the opportunity to emulate natural processes such as the controlled transport of materials in fluidic environments and to undertake chemistry at specific locations. We have developed a photoactive organic droplet, whose movement in aqueous solution is driven by a photoinitiator, as a result of a light-induced reaction within the droplet generating a Marangoni flow. The photoinitiator not only drives the droplet motion but can also be used to initiate polymerization following transfer of the droplet to a specific location and its merging with a monomer-containing droplet. The same light is used to control the transport of the droplet and the polymerization. The efficacy of this droplet transport and reactor system has been demonstrated by the site-specific underwater polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide to repair a leaking vessel and the adhesion of two materials together.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larisa Florea
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices and School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
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13
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Murray E, Roche P, Harrington K, McCaul M, Moore B, Morrin A, Diamond D, Paull B. Low cost 235 nm ultra-violet light-emitting diode-based absorbance detector for application in a portable ion chromatography system for nitrite and nitrate monitoring. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:8-14. [PMID: 31151694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A low cost, UV absorbance detector incorporating a 235 nm light emitting diode (LED) for portable ion chromatography has been designed and fabricated to achieve rapid, selective detection of nitrite and nitrate in natural waters. The optical cell was fabricated through micromilling and solvent vapour bonding of two layers of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The cell was fitted within a 3D printed housing and the LED and photodiode were aligned using 3D printed holders. Isocratic separation and selective detection of nitrite and nitrate was achieved in under 2.5 min using the 235 nm LED based detector and custom electronics. The design of the new detector assembly allowed for effective and sustained operation of the deep UV LED source at a low current (<10 mA), maintaining consistent and low LED temperatures during operation, eliminating the need for a heat sink. The detector cell was produced at a fraction of the cost of commercial optical cells and demonstrated very low stray light (0.01%). For retention time and peak area repeatability, RSD values ranged from 0.75 to 1.10 % and 3.06-4.19 %, respectively. Broad dynamic linear ranges were obtained for nitrite and nitrate, with limits of detection at ppb levels. The analytical performance of the IC set up with optical cell was compared to that of an ISO-accredited IC through the analysis of five various water samples. Relative errors not exceeding 6.86% were obtained for all samples. The detector was also coupled to a low pressure, low cost syringe pump to assess the potential for use within a portable analytical system. RSD values for retention time and peak area using this simple configuration were <1.15% and <3.57% respectively, highlighting repeatability values comparable to those in which a commercial HPLC pump was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Murray
- Research & Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd. (TelLab), Tullow, Carlow, Ireland; Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Patrick Roche
- Research & Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd. (TelLab), Tullow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Research & Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd. (TelLab), Tullow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Margaret McCaul
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Breda Moore
- Research & Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd. (TelLab), Tullow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Aoife Morrin
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Australia.
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14
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Daikuzono CM, Delaney C, Morrin A, Diamond D, Florea L, Oliveira ON. Paper based electronic tongue - a low-cost solution for the distinction of sugar type and apple juice brand. Analyst 2019; 144:2827-2832. [PMID: 30887969 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on a low cost microfluidic electronic tongue (e-tongue) made with carbon interdigitated electrodes, printed on paper, and coated with boronic acid-containing hydrogels. Using capacitance measurements, the e-tongue was capable of distinguishing between different types of sugars (e.g. glucose, fructose and sucrose), in addition to distinguishing between commercial brands of apple juice using a small volume of sample (6 μL). The channels of the microfluidic e-tongue were made using a wax printer, and were modified with hydrogels containing acrylamide copolymerized with 5 or 20 mol% 3-(acrylamido) phenyl boronic acid (Am-PBA), or a crosslinked homopolymeric hydrogel based on N-(2-boronobenzyl)-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylethan-1-aminium-3-sulfopropyl acrylate (DMA-PBA). Such hydrogels, containing a phenyl boronic acid (PBA) moiety, can bind saccharides. Combining various hydrogels of this nature in an e-tongue device enabled discrimination between apple juices, which are known to contain higher amounts of fructose compared to glucose or sucrose. Changes in capacitance were captured with impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 0.1 to 10 MHz for solutions with varying concentrations of glucose, fructose and sucrose (from 0 to 0.056 g mL-1). The capacitance data were treated with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Interactive Document Map (IDMAP), which then correlated overall sugar content from different brands of apple juice. This low-cost, easy-to-use, disposable e-tongue offers great potential in the routine analysis of food and beverages, while offering comparative performance to alternatives in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane M Daikuzono
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Abstract
Herein, a new class of polymerizable boronic acid (BA) monomers are presented, which are used to generate soft hydrogels capable of accurate determination of saccharide concentration. By exploiting the interaction of these cationic BAs with an anionic fluorophore, 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (pyranine), a two-component sugar-sensing system was realized. In the presence of such cationic BAs ( o-BA, m-BA, and p-BA), the fluorescence of pyranine becomes quenched because of the formation of a nonfluorescent BA-fluorophore complex. Upon addition of saccharides, formation of a cyclic boronate ester results in dissociation of the nonfluorescent complex and recovery of the pyranine fluorescence. The response of this system was examined in solution with common monosaccharides, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. Subsequent polymerization of the BA monomers yielded cross-linked hydrogels which showed similar reversible recovery of fluorescence in the presence of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Bruen
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Colm Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Larisa Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
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Murray E, Li Y, Currivan SA, Moore B, Morrin A, Diamond D, Macka M, Paull B. Miniaturized capillary ion chromatograph with UV light-emitting diode based indirect absorbance detection for anion analysis in potable and environmental waters. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3224-3231. [PMID: 30010238 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A miniaturized, flexible, and low-cost capillary ion chromatography system has been developed for anion analysis in water. The ion chromatography has an open platform, modular design, and allows for ease of modification. The assembled platform weighs ca. 0.6 kg and is 25 × 25 cm in size. Isocratic separation of common anions (F- , Cl- , NO2- , Br- , and NO3- ) could be achieved in under 15 min using sodium benzoate eluent at a flow rate of 3 μL/min, a packed capillary column (0.150 × 150 mm) containing Waters IC-Pak 10 μm anion exchange resin, and light-emitting diode based indirect UV detection. Several low UV light-emitting diodes were assessed in terms of sensitivity, including a new 235 nm light-emitting diode, however, the highest sensitivity was demonstrated using a 255 nm light-emitting diode. Linear calibration ranges applicable to typical natural water analysis were obtained. For retention time and peak area repeatability, relative standard deviation values ranged from 0.60-0.95 and 1.95-3.53%, respectively. Several water samples were analysed and accuracy (recovery) was demonstrated through analysis of a prepared mixed anion standard. Relative errors of -0.36, -1.25, -0.80, and -0.76% were obtained for fluoride, chloride, nitrite, and nitrate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Murray
- Research & Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd. (TelLab), Tullow, Carlow, Ireland
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yan Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Sinead A Currivan
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Breda Moore
- Research & Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd. (TelLab), Tullow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Aoife Morrin
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mirek Macka
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Alizadeh A, Burns A, Lenigk R, Gettings R, Ashe J, Porter A, McCaul M, Barrett R, Diamond D, White P, Skeath P, Tomczak M. A wearable patch for continuous monitoring of sweat electrolytes during exertion. Lab Chip 2018; 18:2632-2641. [PMID: 30063233 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of wearable sweat sensors for continuous measurement of fluid based biomarkers (including electrolytes, metabolites and proteins) is an attractive alternative to common, yet intrusive and invasive, practices such as urine or blood analysis. Recent years have witnessed several key demonstrations of sweat based electrochemical sensing in wearable formats, however, there are still significant challenges and opportunities in this space for clinical acceptance, and thus mass implementation of these devices. For instance, there are inherent challenges in establishing direct correlations between sweat-based and gold-standard plasma-based biomarker concentrations for clinical decision-making. In addition, the wearable sweat monitoring devices themselves may exacerbate these challenges, as they can significantly alter sweat physiology (example, sweat rate and composition). Reported here is the demonstration of a fully integrated, wireless, wearable and flexible sweat sensing device for non-obtrusive and continuous monitoring of electrolytes during moderate to intense exertion as a metric for hydration status. The focus of this work is twofold: 1- design of a conformable fluidics systems to suit conditions of operation for sweat collection (to minimize sensor lag) with rapid removal of sweat from the sensing site (to minimize effects on sweat physiology). 2- integration of Na+ and K+ ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with flexible microfluidics and low noise small footprint electronics components to enable wireless, wearable sweat monitoring. While this device is specific to electrolyte analysis during intense perspiration, the lessons in microfluidics and overall system design are likely applicable across a broad range of analytes.
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Murray E, Li Y, Currivan SA, Moore B, Morrin A, Diamond D, Macka M, Paull B. Front Cover: Miniaturized capillary ion chromatograph with UV light-emitting diode based indirect absorbance detection for anion analysis in potable and environmental waters. J Sep Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201870161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Xiao Y, Zarghami S, Wagner K, Wagner P, Gordon KC, Florea L, Diamond D, Officer DL. Moving Droplets in 3D Using Light. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1801821. [PMID: 29984459 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The emulation of the complex cellular and bacterial vesicles used to transport materials through fluids has the potential to add revolutionary capabilities to fluidic platforms. Although a number of artificial motile vesicles or microdroplets have been demonstrated previously, control over their movement in liquid in 3D has not been achieved. Here it is shown that by adding a chemical "fuel," a photoactive material, to the droplet, it can be moved in any direction (3D) in water using simple light sources without the need for additives in the water. The droplets can be made up of a range of solvents and move with speeds as high as 10.4 mm s-1 toward or away from the irradiation source as a result of a light-induced isothermal change in interfacial tension (Marangoni flow). It is further demonstrated that more complex functions can be accomplished by merging a photoactive droplet with a droplet carrying a "cargo" and moving the new larger droplet to a "reactor" droplet where the cargo undergoes a chemical reaction. The control and versatility of this light-activated, motile droplet system will open up new possibilities for fluidic chemical transport and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Sara Zarghami
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Klaudia Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Pawel Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Larisa Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - David L Officer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Perez de Vargas Sansalvador IM, Lopez Ruiz N, Erenas M, Capitan Vallvey LF, Coleman S, Diamond D, Fernandez Ramos MD. Towards an autonomous microfluidic sensor for dissolved carbon dioxide determination. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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McCaul M, Porter A, Barrett R, White P, Stroiescu F, Wallace G, Diamond D. Wearable Platform for Real-time Monitoring of Sodium in Sweat. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1531-1536. [PMID: 29573322 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A fully integrated and wearable platform for harvesting and analysing sweat sodium concentration in real time during exercise has been developed and tested. The platform was largely produced using 3D printing, which greatly simplifies fabrication and operation compared to previous versions generated with traditional production techniques. The 3D printed platform doubles the capacity of the sample storage reservoir to about 1.3 ml, reduces the assembly time and provides simple and precise component alignment and contact of the integrated solid-state ion-selective and reference electrodes with the sorbent material. The sampling flowrate in the device can be controlled by introducing threads to enhance wicking of sweat from the skin, across the electrodes to the storage area. The platform was characterised in the lab and in exercise trials over a period of about 60 minutes continuous monitoring. Sweat sodium concentration was found to rise initially to approximately 17 mM and decline gradually over the period of the trial to about 11-12 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McCaul
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Adam Porter
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ruairi Barrett
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paddy White
- Shimmer, DCU Alpha, Old Finglas Rd, Glasnevin, Dublin 11, Ireland D11 KXN4
| | - Florien Stroiescu
- Shimmer, DCU Alpha, Old Finglas Rd, Glasnevin, Dublin 11, Ireland D11 KXN4
| | - Gordon Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Campos PP, Dunne A, Delaney C, Moloney C, Moulton SE, Benito-Lopez F, Ferreira M, Diamond D, Florea L. Photoswitchable Layer-by-Layer Coatings Based on Photochromic Polynorbornenes Bearing Spiropyran Side Groups. Langmuir 2018; 34:4210-4216. [PMID: 29553744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of linear photochromic norbornene polymers bearing spiropyran side groups (poly(SP-R)) and their assembly into layer-by-layer (LbL) films on glass substrates when converted to poly(MC-R) under UV irradiation. The LbL films were composed of bilayers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(MC-R), forming (PAH/poly(MC-R)) n coatings. The merocyanine (MC) form presents a significant absorption band in the visible spectral region, which allowed tracking of the LbL deposition process by UV-vis spectroscopy, which showed a linear increase of the characteristic MC absorbance band with increasing number of bilayers. The thickness and morphology of the (PAH/poly(MC-R)) n films were characterized by ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, with a height of ∼27.5 nm for the first bilayer and an overall height of ∼165 nm for the (PAH/poly(MC-R))5 multilayer film. Prolonged white light irradiation (22 h) resulted in a gradual decrease of the MC band by 90.4 ± 2.9% relative to the baseline, indicating the potential application of these films as coatings for photocontrolled delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula P Campos
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
- Post-Graduation Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT) , Estate University of São Paulo (UNESP) , Bauru 17033-360 , Brazil
| | - Aishling Dunne
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Colm Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Cara Moloney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Victoria 3122 , Australia
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Chemistry Department , University of the Basque Country , Lejona 48940 , Spain
| | - Marystela Ferreira
- Federal University of São Carlos-Sorocaba (UFSCAR) , Sorocaba 18052-780 , Brazil
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Larisa Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences , Dublin City University , Dublin 9 , Ireland
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Dunne A, Delaney C, McKeon A, Nesterenko P, Paull B, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D, Florea L. Micro-Capillary Coatings Based on Spiropyran Polymeric Brushes for Metal Ion Binding, Detection, and Release in Continuous Flow. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18041083. [PMID: 29617290 PMCID: PMC5949026 DOI: 10.3390/s18041083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Micro-capillaries, capable of light-regulated binding and qualitative detection of divalent metal ions in continuous flow, have been realised through functionalisation with spiropyran photochromic brush-type coatings. Upon irradiation with UV light, the coating switches from the passive non-binding spiropyran form to the active merocyanine form, which binds different divalent metal ions (Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+), as they pass through the micro-capillary. Furthermore, the merocyanine visible absorbance spectrum changes upon metal ion binding, enabling the ion uptake to be detected optically. Irradiation with white light causes reversion of the merocyanine to the passive spiropyran form, with simultaneous release of the bound metal ion from the micro-capillary coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishling Dunne
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Colm Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Aoife McKeon
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Pavel Nesterenko
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Larisa Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Ter Schiphorst J, Saez J, Diamond D, Benito-Lopez F, Schenning APHJ. Light-responsive polymers for microfluidic applications. Lab Chip 2018; 18:699-709. [PMID: 29431804 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While the microfluidic device itself may be small, often the equipment required to control fluidics in the chip unit is large e.g. pumps, valves and mixing units, which can severely limit practical use and functional scalability. In addition, components associated with fluidic control of the device, more specifically the valves and pumps, contribute significantly to the overall unit cost. Here we sketch the problem of a gap between high end accurate, but expensive sensor platforms, versus less accurate, but widely employable hand-held low-cost devices. Recent research has shown that the integration of light-responsive materials within microfluidic devices can provide the function of expensive fluidic components, and potentially enable sophisticated measurements to be made using much less expensive equipment. An overview of the most recent developments will be presented for valves, mixers, transport and sample handling inside microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Ter Schiphorst
- Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
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Bruen D, Delaney C, Florea L, Diamond D. Glucose Sensing for Diabetes Monitoring: Recent Developments. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E1866. [PMID: 28805693 PMCID: PMC5579887 DOI: 10.3390/s17081866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances towards non-invasive and continuous glucose monitoring devices, with a particular focus placed on monitoring glucose concentrations in alternative physiological fluids to blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Bruen
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Colm Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Larisa Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Cheng LY, Baek JS, Cuadra A, Aronson A, Diamond D, Yarsky P. TRACE/PARCS Analysis of Anticipated Transient Without Scram with Instability for a MELLLA+ BWR/5. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt16-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.-Y. Cheng
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Department, 33 North Renaissance Road, Building 817, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - J. S. Baek
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Department, 33 North Renaissance Road, Building 817, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - A. Cuadra
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Department, 33 North Renaissance Road, Building 817, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - A. Aronson
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Department, 33 North Renaissance Road, Building 817, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - D. Diamond
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Technology Department, 33 North Renaissance Road, Building 817, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - P. Yarsky
- U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, MS CSB-3A07M, Washington, District of Columbia 20555-0001
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27
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Delaney C, McCluskey P, Coleman S, Whyte J, Kent N, Diamond D. Precision control of flow rate in microfluidic channels using photoresponsive soft polymer actuators. Lab Chip 2017; 17:2013-2021. [PMID: 28530723 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach that allows control of flow in microfluidic channels with unsurpassed performance using light is described. Valve structures have been created using photoresponsive hydrogels based on spiropyran-functionalised pNIPAAm hydrogels photopolymerised around pillar structures within the channels. Valve actuation is controlled from outside the fluidic system using externally located LEDs. Highly precise and accurate flow rates can be selected by passing real-time flow rate measurements into a PID algorithm. The optimised algorithm also minimises overshoot of the selected flow rate, eliminates flow rate drift, and improves the system response time. In addition to the dramatic improvements in flow rate control, the set up enables the polymer actuation behaviour to be rapidly characterised. The power supply to the LED also provides a useful system diagnostic for monitoring the performance of the valve over time. For example, degradation in the valve actuation due to photodegradation will manifest as an increasing power requirement over time, enabling predictive failure thresholds to be established for particular actuator designs and polymer compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Daikuzono CM, Delaney C, Tesfay H, Florea L, Oliveira ON, Morrin A, Diamond D. Impedance spectroscopy for monosaccharides detection using responsive hydrogel modified paper-based electrodes. Analyst 2017; 142:1133-1139. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02571d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel paper-based impedance sensor for saccharide sensing in the sub-mM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Daikuzono
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - C. Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - H. Tesfay
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - L. Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - O. N. Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - A. Morrin
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
| | - D. Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Ireland
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Kinahan DJ, Early PL, Vembadi A, MacNamara E, Kilcawley NA, Glennon T, Diamond D, Brabazon D, Ducrée J. Xurography actuated valving for centrifugal flow control. Lab Chip 2016; 16:3454-9. [PMID: 27523628 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00568c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel instrument controlled valving scheme for centrifugal platforms which is based upon xurography. In a first approach, which is akin to previously presented event-triggered flow control, the valves are composed of a pneumatic chamber sealed by a dissolvable film (DF) and by a pierceable membrane. Liquid is initially prevented from wetting the DF by the counter pressure of a trapped gas. Via a channel, this pocket is pneumatically connected to a vent, sealed by the pierceable membrane, located on the top surface of the disc. By scouring the top surface of the disc, along a pre-defined track by a robotic knife-cutter, the trapped gas is released and so the liquid can wet and disintegrate the DF. In order to automate assay protocols without the need to integrate DFs, we extend this xurography-based flow control concept by selective venting of chambers subjected to pneumatic over-pressure or vacuum suction. Unlike most instrument controlled flow-control mechanisms, in this approach to valve actuation can occur during disc rotation. To demonstrate the potential of this flow control approach, we designed a disc architecture to automate the liquid handling as the backbone of a biplex liver assay panel. We demonstrate valve actuation during rotation, using the robotic arm, using this disc with visualisation via dyed water. We then demonstrate the biplex liver assay, using calibration reagent, by stopping the disc and manually piercing the membrane to actuate the same valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kinahan
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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30
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McCaul M, Barland J, Cleary J, Cahalane C, McCarthy T, Diamond D. Combining Remote Temperature Sensing with in-Situ Sensing to Track Marine/Freshwater Mixing Dynamics. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16091402. [PMID: 27589770 PMCID: PMC5038680 DOI: 10.3390/s16091402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to track the dynamics of processes in natural water bodies on a global scale, and at a resolution that enables highly localised behaviour to be visualized, is an ideal scenario for understanding how local events can influence the global environment. While advances in in-situ chem/bio-sensing continue to be reported, costs and reliability issues still inhibit the implementation of large-scale deployments. In contrast, physical parameters like surface temperature can be tracked on a global scale using satellite remote sensing, and locally at high resolution via flyovers and drones using multi-spectral imaging. In this study, we show how a much more complete picture of submarine and intertidal groundwater discharge patterns in Kinvara Bay, Galway can be achieved using a fusion of data collected from the Earth Observation satellite (Landsat 8), small aircraft and in-situ sensors. Over the course of the four-day field campaign, over 65,000 in-situ temperatures, salinity and nutrient measurements were collected in parallel with high-resolution thermal imaging from aircraft flyovers. The processed in-situ data show highly correlated patterns between temperature and salinity at the southern end of the bay where freshwater springs can be identified at low tide. Salinity values range from 1 to 2 ppt at the southern end of the bay to 30 ppt at the mouth of the bay, indicating the presence of a freshwater wedge. The data clearly show that temperature differences can be used to track the dynamics of freshwater and seawater mixing in the inner bay region. This outcome suggests that combining the tremendous spatial density and wide geographical reach of remote temperature sensing (using drones, flyovers and satellites) with ground-truthing via appropriately located in-situ sensors (temperature, salinity, chemical, and biological) can produce a much more complete and accurate picture of the water dynamics than each modality used in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McCaul
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Jack Barland
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - John Cleary
- Carlow Institute of Technology, Carlow, Ireland.
| | - Conor Cahalane
- National Centre for Geocomputation Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.
| | - Tim McCarthy
- National Centre for Geocomputation Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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31
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Glennon T, O'Quigley C, McCaul M, Matzeu G, Beirne S, Wallace GG, Stroiescu F, O'Mahoney N, White P, Diamond D. ‘SWEATCH’: A Wearable Platform for Harvesting and Analysing Sweat Sodium Content. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Glennon
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Conor O'Quigley
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Margaret McCaul
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Giusy Matzeu
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Stephen Beirne
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science University of Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science University of Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | | | | | - Paddy White
- Shimmer DCU Innovation Campus, Glasnevin Dublin 11 Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
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32
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Abstract
Herein we demonstrate the ability to control the swelling and photo-induced shrinking kinetics of hydrogels by changing the polymerisation solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishling Dunne
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Glasnevin
| | - Colm Delaney
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Glasnevin
| | - Larisa Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Glasnevin
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Glasnevin
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33
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Barton J, García MBG, Santos DH, Fanjul-Bolado P, Ribotti A, McCaul M, Diamond D, Magni P. Screen-printed electrodes for environmental monitoring of heavy metal ions: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
A feasibility study on a new technique capable of monitoring localized sweat rate is explored in this paper. Wearable devices commonly used in clinical practice for sweat sampling (i.e., Macroducts) were positioned on the body of an athlete whose sweat rate was then monitored during cycling sessions. The position at which the sweat fills the Macroduct was indicated by a contrasting marker and captured via a series of time-stamped photos or a video recording of the device during an exercise period. Given that the time of each captured image/frame is known (either through time stamp on photos or the constant frame rate of the video capture), it was, therefore, possible to estimate the sweat flow rate through a simple calibration model. The importance of gathering such valuable information is described, together with the results from a number of exercise trials to investigate the viability of this approach.
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35
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Angione MD, Duff T, Bell AP, Stamatin SN, Fay C, Diamond D, Scanlan EM, Colavita PE. Enhanced Antifouling Properties of Carbohydrate Coated Poly(ether sulfone) Membranes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:17238-17246. [PMID: 26192984 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ether sulfone) membranes (PES) were modified with biologically active monosaccharides and disaccharides using aryldiazonium chemistry as a mild, one-step, surface-modification strategy. We previously proposed the modification of carbon, metals, and alloys with monosaccharides using the same method; herein, we demonstrate modification of PES membranes and the effect of chemisorbed carbohydrate layers on their resistance to biofouling. Glycosylated PES surfaces were characterized using spectroscopic methods and tested against their ability to interact with specific carbohydrate-binding proteins. Galactose-, mannose-, and lactose-modified PES surfaces were exposed to Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) solutions to assess unspecific protein adsorption in the laboratory and were found to adsorb significantly lower amounts of BSA compared to bare membranes. The ability of molecular carbohydrate layers to impart antifouling properties was further tested in the field via long-term immersive tests at a wastewater treatment plant. A combination of ATP content assays, infrared spectroscopic characterization and He-ion microscopy (HIM) imaging were used to investigate biomass accumulation at membranes. We show that, beyond laboratory applications and in the case of complex aqueous environments that are rich in biomass such as wastewater effluent, we observe significantly lower biofouling at carbohydrate-modified PES than at bare PES membrane surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daniela Angione
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas Duff
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alan P Bell
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Serban N Stamatin
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cormac Fay
- §Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- §Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paula E Colavita
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Hubert K, Johnson E, Estrada C, Diamond D, Maizels M. CEVL training for coronal/distal shaft hypospadias repair: a guide for attendings, residents, and OR staff. J Pediatr Urol 2015; 11:3-4. [PMID: 25818592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hubert
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Johnson
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Estrada
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Diamond
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Maizels
- Division of Urology, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abstract
[P6,6,6,14][Cl] droplets show self-propelled movement within open fluidic channels along the liquid–air interface in directions determined by external chemical gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Francis
- The Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
| | - Cormac Fay
- The Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
| | - Larisa Florea
- The Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
| | - Dermot Diamond
- The Insight Centre for Data Analytics
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
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38
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Florea L, Wagner K, Wagner P, Wallace GG, Benito-Lopez F, Officer DL, Diamond D. Photo-chemopropulsion--light-stimulated movement of microdroplets. Adv Mater 2014; 26:7339-7345. [PMID: 25236879 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The controlled movement of a chemical container by the light-activated expulsion of a chemical fuel, named here "photo-chemopropulsion", is an exciting new development in the array of mechanisms employed for controlling the movement of microvehicles, herein represented by lipid-based microdroplets. This "chemopropulsion" effect can be switched on and off, and is fully reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Florea
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
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39
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Murphy K, Heery B, Sullivan T, Zhang D, Paludetti L, Lau KT, Diamond D, Costa E, O'Connor N, Regan F. A low-cost autonomous optical sensor for water quality monitoring. Talanta 2014; 132:520-7. [PMID: 25476339 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A low-cost optical sensor for monitoring the aquatic environment is presented, with the construction and design described in detail. The autonomous optical sensor is devised to be environmentally robust, easily deployable and simple to operate. It consists of a multi-wavelength light source with two photodiode detectors capable of measuring the transmission and side-scattering of the light in the detector head. This enables the sensor to give qualitative data on the changes in the optical opacity of the water. Laboratory tests to confirm colour and turbidity-related responses are described and the results given. The autonomous sensor underwent field deployments in an estuarine environment, and the results presented here show the sensors capacity to detect changes in opacity and colour relating to potential pollution events. The application of this low-cost optical sensor is in the area of environmental pollution alerts to support a water monitoring programme, where multiple such sensors could be deployed as part of a network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Murphy
- Marine and Environmental Sensing Technology Hub (MESTECH), NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brendan Heery
- Marine and Environmental Sensing Technology Hub (MESTECH), NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Marine and Environmental Sensing Technology Hub (MESTECH), NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dian Zhang
- Marine and Environmental Sensing Technology Hub (MESTECH), NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; CLARITY, Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Lizandra Paludetti
- Marine and Environmental Sensing Technology Hub (MESTECH), NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; LAFAC Applied and Computational Physics Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - King Tong Lau
- CLARITY, Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- CLARITY, Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ernane Costa
- LAFAC Applied and Computational Physics Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Noel O'Connor
- CLARITY, Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Fiona Regan
- Marine and Environmental Sensing Technology Hub (MESTECH), NCSR, Dublin City University (DCU), Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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40
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Benito-Lopez F, Antoñana-Díez M, Curto VF, Diamond D, Castro-López V. Modular microfluidic valve structures based on reversible thermoresponsive ionogel actuators. Lab Chip 2014; 14:3530-8. [PMID: 25019339 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00568f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports for the first time the use of a cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ionogel encapsulating the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate as a thermoresponsive and modular microfluidic valve. The ionogel presents superior actuation behaviour to its equivalent hydrogel. Ionogel swelling and shrinking mechanisms and kinetics are investigated as well as the performance of the ionogel when integrated as a valve in a microfluidic device. The modular microfluidic valve demonstrates fully a reversible on-off behaviour without failure for up to eight actuation cycles and a pressure resistance of 1100 mbar.
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41
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Lopez-Ruiz N, Curto VF, Erenas MM, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D, Palma AJ, Capitan-Vallvey LF. Smartphone-Based Simultaneous pH and Nitrite Colorimetric Determination for Paper Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9554-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5019205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Lopez-Ruiz
- ECsens-CITIC,
Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, ETSIIT, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Vincenzo F. Curto
- Insight:
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Miguel M. Erenas
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Campus Fuentenueva, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Insight:
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin Dublin 9, Ireland
- CIC MicroGUNE, Goiru Kalea
9 Polo Innovación Garaia, 20500, Arrasate-Mondragón, Spain
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight:
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Alberto J. Palma
- ECsens-CITIC,
Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, ETSIIT, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis F. Capitan-Vallvey
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Campus Fuentenueva, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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42
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McAuliffe P, Kim JH, Diamond D, Lau KT, O'Connell BC. A sleep bruxism detection system based on sensors in a splint - pilot clinical data. J Oral Rehabil 2014; 42:34-9. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. McAuliffe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology; Dublin Dental University Hospital; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - J. H. Kim
- National Centre For Sensor Research; CLARITY - Centre for Sensor Web Technologies; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - D. Diamond
- National Centre For Sensor Research; CLARITY - Centre for Sensor Web Technologies; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - K. T. Lau
- National Centre For Sensor Research; CLARITY - Centre for Sensor Web Technologies; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - B. C. O'Connell
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology; Dublin Dental University Hospital; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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43
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O'Neill PF, Ben Azouz A, Vázquez M, Liu J, Marczak S, Slouka Z, Chang HC, Diamond D, Brabazon D. Advances in three-dimensional rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices for biological applications. Biomicrofluidics 2014; 8:052112. [PMID: 25538804 PMCID: PMC4241764 DOI: 10.1063/1.4898632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The capability of 3D printing technologies for direct production of complex 3D structures in a single step has recently attracted an ever increasing interest within the field of microfluidics. Recently, ultrafast lasers have also allowed developing new methods for production of internal microfluidic channels within the bulk of glass and polymer materials by direct internal 3D laser writing. This review critically summarizes the latest advances in the production of microfluidic 3D structures by using 3D printing technologies and direct internal 3D laser writing fabrication methods. Current applications of these rapid prototyped microfluidic platforms in biology will be also discussed. These include imaging of cells and living organisms, electrochemical detection of viruses and neurotransmitters, and studies in drug transport and induced-release of adenosine triphosphate from erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Liu
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Marczak
- Centre for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Z Slouka
- Centre for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - H C Chang
- Centre for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D Diamond
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
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44
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Gallagher S, Ziolkowski B, Fox E, Fraser KJ, Diamond D. Synthesis and Characterization of 1-Vinylimidazolium Alkyl Sulfate Polymeric Ionic Liquids. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gallagher
- CLARITY, National Centre for Sensor Research; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Bartosz Ziolkowski
- CLARITY, National Centre for Sensor Research; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Eoin Fox
- School of Chemistry; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Kevin J. Fraser
- INSIGHT, Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Dermot Diamond
- INSIGHT, Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
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45
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Zuliani C, Matzeu G, Diamond D. A liquid-junction-free reference electrode based on a PEDOT solid-contact and ionogel capping membrane. Talanta 2014; 125:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Sweeney KT, Kearney D, Ward TE, Coyle S, Diamond D. Employing ensemble empirical mode decomposition for artifact removal: extracting accurate respiration rates from ECG data during ambulatory activity. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2014; 2013:977-80. [PMID: 24109853 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Observation of a patient's respiration signal can provide a clinician with the required information necessary to analyse a subject's wellbeing. Due to an increase in population number and the aging population demographic there is an increasing stress being placed on current healthcare systems. There is therefore a requirement for more of the rudimentary patient testing to be performed outside of the hospital environment. However due to the ambulatory nature of these recordings there is also a desire for a reduction in the number of sensors required to perform the required recording in order to be unobtrusive to the wearer, and also to use textile based systems for comfort. The extraction of a proxy for the respiration signal from a recorded electrocardiogram (ECG) signal has therefore received considerable interest from previous researchers. To allow for accurate measurements, currently employed methods rely on the availability of a clean artifact free ECG signal from which to extract the desired respiration signal. However, ambulatory recordings, made outside of the hospital-centric environment, are often corrupted with contaminating artifacts, the most degrading of which are due to subject motion. This paper presents the use of the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm to aid in the extraction of the desired respiration signal. Two separate techniques are examined; 1) Extraction of the respiration signal directly from the noisy ECG 2) Removal of the artifact components relating to the subject movement allowing for the use of currently available respiration signal detection techniques. Results presented illustrate that the two proposed techniques provide significant improvements in the accuracy of the breaths per minute (BPM) metric when compared to the available true respiration signal. The error reduced from ± 5.9 BPM prior to the use of the two techniques to ± 2.9 and ± 3.3 BPM post processing using the EEMD algorithm techniques.
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47
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Nwankire CE, Czugala M, Burger R, Fraser KJ, O׳Connell TM, Glennon T, Onwuliri BE, Nduaguibe IE, Diamond D, Ducrée J. A portable centrifugal analyser for liver function screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:352-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Stumpel JE, Ziółkowski B, Florea L, Diamond D, Broer DJ, Schenning APHJ. Photoswitchable ratchet surface topographies based on self-protonating spiropyran-NIPAAM hydrogels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:7268-7274. [PMID: 24813057 DOI: 10.1021/am500542f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, self-protonating spiropyran-based poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) polymer networks are prepared. These photoresponsive hydrogel coatings can change their surface topography upon exposure with visible light in a neutral environment. Photoresponsive surface-constrained films have been fabricated for which the swelling behavior can be controlled in a reversible manner. In a first step, symmetrical switchable surface topologies with varying cross-link density are obtained by polymerization-induced diffusion. Under light exposure, the areas with low cross-link density swell more than the areas with high cross-link density, thus forming a corrugated surface. Asymmetric ratchet-like photoresponsive surfaces have been prepared on prestructured asymmetric substrates. As a result of thickness variation of the surface-confined hydrogel layer, an asymmetric swelling behavior is obtained. Depending on the cross-link density of the hydrogel, it is possible to switch between a ratchet and flat surface topography or even an inverse ratchet surface by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle E Stumpel
- Department of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A new series of LCST ILs have been copolymerised with crosslinkers of varying length to afford the first ever thermoresponsive poly(ionic liquid)-based hydrogels. These hydrogels exhibit surprisingly broad LCST and volume transition behaviour compared to standard thermoresponsive gels and linear ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Ziółkowski
- CLARITY, The Centre for Sensor Web Technologies, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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