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Lu Z, Yuan Y, Han Q, Wang Y, Liang Q. Lab-on-a-chip: an advanced technology for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Chin Med 2024; 19:80. [PMID: 38853247 PMCID: PMC11163804 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Benefiting from the complex system composed of various constituents, medicament portions, species, and places of origin, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses numerous customizable and adaptable efficacies in clinical practice guided by its theories. However, these unique features are also present challenges in areas such as quality control, screening active ingredients, studying cell and organ pharmacology, and characterizing the compatibility between different Chinese medicines. Drawing inspiration from the holistic concept, an integrated strategy and pattern more aligned with TCM research emerges, necessitating the integration of novel technology into TCM modernization. The microfluidic chip serves as a powerful platform for integrating technologies in chemistry, biology, and biophysics. Microfluidics has given rise to innovative patterns like lab-on-a-chip and organoids-on-a-chip, effectively challenging the conventional research paradigms of TCM. This review provides a systematic summary of the nature and advanced utilization of microfluidic chips in TCM, focusing on quality control, active ingredient screening/separation, pharmaceutical analysis, and pharmacological/toxicological assays. Drawing on these remarkable references, the challenges, opportunities, and future trends of microfluidic chips in TCM are also comprehensively discussed, providing valuable insights into the development of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Third-Level Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Pharmacology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Third-Level Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Third-Level Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Third-Level Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Chen X, Li M, Huang J, Qiu Q, Liang Y, Meng J, Park RY, Li PCH, Sun Y. Development of organic three-phase laminar flow microfluidic chip for extraction of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115724. [PMID: 37729745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal extracts contain multiple active constituents, so the sample preparation based on the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is demanding, especially when a study subsequent to extraction is needed. Since the laminar flow occurring in microchannels can be formed between two miscible organic phases, a new method of extracting polar compounds from the crude extract of Panax ginseng Meyer in aqueous ethanol by pure n-butanol in the three-phase laminar flow microfluidic chip was established. METHODS A new chip consisting of long microchannels with a guide structure was employed to improve the extraction efficiency caused by the low diffusion ability of saponins. The method was evaluated by using the extraction yields and purities of ginsenosides Rg1, Re and Rb1 as the indicators, and extraction conditions such as flow rate, temperature and other governing factors were optimized. RESULTS Using the new chip method, the extraction efficiencies of ginsenoside Rg1, Re and Rb1 were 63.1%, 69.5% and 71.6%, respectively, which are higher than the 26% achieved in a previous report. The extraction yields of 1.53, 0.51, 0.90 mg/g were also higher than those obtained previously by the successive laminar flow microchip method. CONCLUSION The proposed new microfluidic chip method has simplified the sample pretreatment steps to improve the yield of ginsenoside extraction from ginseng samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meiling Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiabiao Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiquan Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongjie Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiang Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM for Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rachel Yoonjo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Paul C H Li
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada.
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM for Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Ebrahimi A, Didarian R, Ghorbanpoor H, Dogan Guzel F, Hashempour H, Avci H. High-throughput microfluidic chip with silica gel-C18 channels for cyclotide separation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6873-6883. [PMID: 37792070 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, microfluidic-based separations have been used for the purification, isolation, and separation of biomolecules to overcome difficulties encountered by conventional chromatography-based methods including high cost, long processing times, sample volumes, and low separation efficiency. Cyclotides, or cyclic peptides used by some plant families as defense agents, have attracted the interest of scientists because of their biological activities varying from antimicrobial to anticancer properties. The separation process has a critical impact in terms of obtaining pure cyclotides for drug development strategies. Here, for the first time, a mimic of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on microfluidic chip strategy was used to separate the cyclotides. In this regard, silica gel-C18 was synthesized and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and then filled inside the microchannel to prepare an HPLC C18 column-like structure inside the microchannel. Cyclotide extract was obtained from Viola ignobilis by a low voltage electric field extraction method and characterized by HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). The extract that contained vigno 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and varv A cyclotides was added to the microchannel where distilled water was used as a mobile phase with 1 µL/min flow rate and then samples were collected in 2-min intervals until 10 min. Results show that cyclotides can be successfully separated from each other and collected from the microchannel at different periods of time. These findings demonstrate that the use of microfluidic channels has a high impact on the separation of cyclotides as a rapid, cost-effective, and simple method and the device can find widespread applications in drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Ebrahimi
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reza Didarian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hamed Ghorbanpoor
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dogan Guzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hossein Hashempour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center (TATUM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
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Increasing the efficiency of microreactors utilizing two-phase hydrodynamic focusing. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Qing LS, Wang TT, Luo HY, Du JL, Wang RY, Luo P. Microfluidic strategies for natural products in drug discovery: Current status and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li X, Fan X, Li Z, Shi L, Liu J, Luo H, Wang L, Du X, Chen W, Guo J, Li C, Liu S. Application of Microfluidics in Drug Development from Traditional Medicine. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100870. [PMID: 36291008 PMCID: PMC9599478 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While there are many clinical drugs for prophylaxis and treatment, the search for those with low or no risk of side effects for the control of infectious and non-infectious diseases is a dilemma that cannot be solved by today's traditional drug development strategies. The need for new drug development strategies is becoming increasingly important, and the development of new drugs from traditional medicines is the most promising strategy. Many valuable clinical drugs have been developed based on traditional medicine, including drugs with single active ingredients similar to modern drugs and those developed from improved formulations of traditional drugs. However, the problems of traditional isolation and purification and drug screening methods should be addressed for successful drug development from traditional medicine. Advances in microfluidics have not only contributed significantly to classical drug development but have also solved many of the thorny problems of new strategies for developing new drugs from traditional drugs. In this review, we provide an overview of advanced microfluidics and its applications in drug development (drug compound synthesis, drug screening, drug delivery, and drug carrier fabrication) with a focus on its applications in conventional medicine, including the separation and purification of target components in complex samples and screening of active ingredients of conventional drugs. We hope that our review gives better insight into the potential of traditional medicine and the critical role of microfluidics in the drug development process. In addition, the emergence of new ideas and applications will bring about further advances in the field of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Sichuan Hanyuan County People’s Hospital, Hanyuan 625300, China
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zhu Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Lina Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jinkuan Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hongzhi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiaoxin Du
- Office of Scientific Research & Development, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Wenzhu Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (C.L.); (S.L.)
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Dowlatshah S, Ramos-Payán M, Saraji M. A microchip device based liquid-liquid-solid microextraction for the determination of permethrin and cypermethrin in water samples. Talanta 2021; 235:122731. [PMID: 34517599 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, a microchip device integrating liquid-liquid-solid phase microextraction is presented. As a novel approach to microchip systems, liquid-liquid-solid microextraction was performed in a sandwiched microchip device. The microchip device consisted of three poly(methyl methacrylate) layers along with a double "Y"-shaped microchannel. As the stationary phase, polyacrylonitrile-C18 was synthesized and immobilized in the upper channel, while the beneath channel was used as a reservoir for the stagnant volume ratio of sample-to-extraction solvent phase. In this way, analytes were extracted from an aqueous sample through an organic phase into the stationary phase. The analytes were finally desorbed with a minimum amount of acetonitrile as the desorption solvent. Permethrin and cypermethrin were selected as the model analytes for extraction and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Under optimum conditions (extraction solvent; n-hexane, sample -to-extraction solvent volume ratio; 2:1, extraction time; 20 min, desorption solvent; acetonitrile, desorption volume; 200 μL, and desorption time; 15 min) detection limits were 3.5 and 6.0 ng mL-1 for permethrin and cypermethrin, respectively. Relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day reproducibility were below 8.3%. Device-to-device precision was in the range of 8.1-9.6%. The proposed microchip device was successfully applied to determine permethrin and cypermethrin in water samples with recoveries in the range of 73-96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Dowlatshah
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Prof. García González, s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
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8
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Dowlatshah S, Saraji M, Fernández-Torres R, Ramos-Payán M. A microfluidic liquid phase microextraction method for drugs and parabens monitoring in human urine. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Ge S, Dupuy LX, MacDonald MP. In situ laser manipulation of root tissues in transparent soil. PLANT AND SOIL 2021; 468:475-489. [PMID: 34789948 PMCID: PMC8580905 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Laser micromanipulation such as dissection or optical trapping enables remote physical modification of the activity of tissues, cells and organelles. To date, applications of laser manipulation to plant roots grown in soil have been limited. Here, we show laser manipulation can be applied in situ when plant roots are grown in transparent soil. METHODS We have developed a Q-switched laser manipulation and imaging instrument to perform controlled dissection of roots and to study light-induced root growth responses. We performed a detailed characterisation of the properties of the cutting beams through the soil, studying dissection and optical ablation. Furthermore, we also studied the use of low light doses to control the root elongation rate of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa) in air, agar, gel and transparent soil. RESULTS We show that whilst soil inhomogeneities affect the thickness and circularity of the beam, those distortions are not inherently limiting. The ability to induce changes in root elongation or complete dissection of microscopic regions of the root is robust to substrate heterogeneity and microscopy set up and is maintained following the limited distortions induced by the transparent soil environment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that controlled in situ laser dissection of root tissues is possible with a simple and low-cost optical set-up. We also show that, in the absence of dissection, a reduced laser light power density can provide reversible control of root growth, achieving a precise "point and shoot" method for root manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ge
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Lionel X. Dupuy
- Neiker, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Berreaga 1, 48.160, Derio, Spain
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA UK
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Michael P. MacDonald
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
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Wang T, Wang W, Zheng Q, Ma Y, Xu C. Rapid Sample Preparation Using Slug Flow-Laminar Flow: Passive In Situ Microextraction/Stripping Coupling. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11233-11242. [PMID: 34342974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To increase the detection accuracy of radioactive samples, sample preparation through liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) before instrumental analysis is a crucial step. LLE preparation involves multiple steps including the tedious separation steps of co-extraction and stripping, which may cause sample loss, radioactive contamination, and radioactive leaks. In this study, a novel hybrid slug flow-laminar flow (SFLF) microchip in passive mode was designed to couple extraction and stripping in situ to realize a one-step sample preparation. The difficulty in maintaining stable water-organic-water interfaces was mitigated by using a partition wall and three resistance isolation areas. The mass transfer performance of the SFLF microchip was investigated and compared with that of the supported liquid membrane and three-layer laminar flow microextraction/stripping systems. Furthermore, the applicability of the SFLF system in preparing radioactive samples was validated through the selective separation of Ce and Pr from Cs and Sr. The novel SFLF microextraction/stripping system has a stable flow pattern, high mass transfer efficiency, and superior operating flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Cong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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Jurinjak Tušek A, Šalić A, Valinger D, Jurina T, Benković M, Kljusurić JG, Zelić B. The power of microsystem technology in the food industry – Going small makes it better. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Microfluidic Chip-Based Induced Phase Separation Extraction as a Fast and Efficient Miniaturized Sample Preparation Method. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010038. [PMID: 33374763 PMCID: PMC7796191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced phase separation extraction (IPSE) is an efficient sample clean-up technique that can replace liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The purpose of this study was to miniaturize IPSE by carrying it out in a microfluidic chip. An IPSE chip was designed and evaluated for its ability to separate and purify samples on a microscale. The 5 × 2 cm chip was fed with a solution of polar to non-polar model compounds in acetonitrile-water (1:1). In the 100 µm wide and 40 µm deep microchannels, the sample solution was efficiently separated into two immiscible phases by adding a hydrophobic solvent as inducer. Analytes present in the sample solution each migrated to their own favorable phase upon phase separation. After optimization, extraction and fractionation were easily and efficiently achieved. The behavior of analytes with a pH-dependent partitioning could be influenced by adjusting the pH of the sample solution. Scutellaria baicalensis extract, used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), was successfully separated in aglycones and glycosides. In this microscale system, the sample and solvent consumption is reduced to microliters, while the time needed for the sample pretreatment is less than one minute. Additionally, the extraction efficiency can reach up to 98.8%, and emulsion formation is avoided.
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Cai Q, Meng J, Ge Y, Gao Y, Zeng Y, Li H, Sun Y. Fishing antitumor ingredients by G-quadruplex affinity from herbal extract on a three-phase-laminar-flow microfluidic chip. Talanta 2020; 220:121368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ma R, Fan C, Wang Y, Luo J, Li J, Komarneni S. Gas-liquid-liquid extraction in a novel rotating microchannel extractor. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Simultaneous determination of free and total paclitaxel in blood in a three-phase laminar flow microchip. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lan W, Liu D, Guo X, Liu A, Sun Q, Li X, Jing S, Li S. Study on Liquid–Liquid Droplet Flow Separation in a T-Shaped Microseparator. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xuqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Aixian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xingxun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shan Jing
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Wang T, Xu C. Liquid-liquid-liquid three-phase microsystem: hybrid slug flow-laminar flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1891-1897. [PMID: 32409801 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00292e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid-liquid three-phase microfluidics provides abundant flow patterns and attractive characteristics that substantially extend the applications of liquid-liquid two-phase microfluidics. Although the manipulation of stable interfaces between adjacent liquid phases is a prerequisite for the successful utilization of three-phase flows, it is challenging. In this study, we develop a novel liquid-liquid-liquid three-phase microsystem that is a hybrid slug flow-laminar flow microchip, in which one aqueous phase makes contact with one organic phase containing slugs of another aqueous phase. The organic phase separates the two aqueous phases, and the three phases co-currently flow. The microchip can simultaneously provide a stable continuous water-oil interface and multiple segregated oil-water interfaces. The design guideline, flow pattern map, and influence rules for the flow rates and the interfacial tension are discussed in detail. Furthermore, a hybrid slug flow-laminar flow microchip is demonstrated for simultaneous extraction/stripping. This three-phase microsystem presents the advantages of slug flow and laminar flow and has potential in various applications such as sample purification, analysis, synthesis, and micro-reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
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Yan Z, Du C, Chen Y, Luo G. A Novel Hollow-Fiber Membrane Embedded Co-axial Microdevice for Simultaneous Extraction and Stripping. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2019.1691301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Yan
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chencan Du
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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On-chip ion pair-based dispersive liquid-liquid extraction for quantitative determination of histamine H 2 receptor antagonist drugs in human urine. Talanta 2019; 206:120235. [PMID: 31514880 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, an ion-pair based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was performed on a centrifugal chip for the first time. The entire DLLME procedure, including flow direction, desperation, and sedimentation of the extracting phase, can be fulfilled automatically on a solitary chip. The chip was made of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and was of two units for two parallel extractions, each consisting of three chambers (for the sample solution, extracting solvents, and sedimentation). As the chip rotated, fluids flowed within the chip, and the dispersion, mixing, extraction, and sedimentation of the final phase were performed on the chip by simply adjusting the spin speed. Determination of two histamine H2 receptor antagonist drugs, cimetidine and ranitidine, as the model analytes from the urine samples was done using the developed on-chip ion-pair based DLLME method followed by an HPLC-UV. The effective parameters on the extraction efficiency of the model analytes were investigated and optimized using the one variable at a time method. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 15-2000 μg L-1 with a coefficient of determination (R2) more than 0.9987. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) for extraction and determination of the analytes were less than 3.7% based on five replicated measurements. LODs less than 10.0 μg L-1 and preconcentration factors higher than 39-fold were obtained for both of the model analytes. The proposed chip enjoys the advantages of both the DLLME method and miniaturization on a centrifugal chip.
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20
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Geczy R, Sticker D, Bovet N, Häfeli UO, Kutter JP. Chloroform compatible, thiol-ene based replica molded micro chemical devices as an alternative to glass microfluidic chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:798-806. [PMID: 30688958 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric microfluidic chips offer a number of benefits compared to their glass equivalents, including lower material costs and ease and flexibility of fabrication. However, the main drawback of polymeric materials is often their limited resistance to (organic) solvents. Previously, thiol-ene materials were shown to be more solvent resistant than most other commonly used polymers; however, they still fall short in "harsh" chemical environments, such as when chlorinated solvents are present. Here, we show that a simple yet effective treatment of thiol-ene materials results in exceptional solvent compatibility, even for very challenging chemical environments. Our approach, based on a temperature treatment, results in a 50-fold increase in the chloroform compatibility of thiol-enes (in terms of longevity). We show that prolonged heat exposure allows for the operation of the microfluidic chips in chloroform for several days with no discernable deformation or solvent-induced swelling. The method is applicable to many different thiol-ene-based materials, including commercially available formulations, and also when using other commonly considered "harsh" solvents. To demonstrate the utility of the solvent compatible thiol-enes for applications where chloroform is frequently employed, we show the continuous and uniform production of polymeric microspheres for drug delivery purposes over a period of 8 hours. The material thus holds great promise as an alternative choice for microfluidic applications requiring harsh chemical environments, a domain so far mainly restricted to glass chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Geczy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Basauri A, Gomez-Pastora J, Fallanza M, Bringas E, Ortiz I. Predictive model for the design of reactive micro-separations. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Pedersen KS, Imbrogno J, Fonslet J, Lusardi M, Jensen KF, Zhuravlev F. Liquid–liquid extraction in flow of the radioisotope titanium-45 for positron emission tomography applications. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00175h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The continuous liquid–liquid extraction of the PET radioisotope 45Ti using a membrane-based separator allows for efficient 45Ti recovery and radiolabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Søborg Pedersen
- Technical University of Denmark
- Center for Nuclear Technologies
- 4000 Roskilde
- Denmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Joseph Imbrogno
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Jesper Fonslet
- Technical University of Denmark
- Center for Nuclear Technologies
- 4000 Roskilde
- Denmark
| | - Marcella Lusardi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Fedor Zhuravlev
- Technical University of Denmark
- Center for Nuclear Technologies
- 4000 Roskilde
- Denmark
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23
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Integration of laminar flow extraction and capillary electrophoretic separation in one microfluidic chip for detection of plant alkaloids in blood samples. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Kim G, Lim J, Mo C. Applications of Microfluidics in the Agro-Food Sector: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5307/jbe.2016.41.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Klein-Júnior LC, Vander Heyden Y, Henriques AT. Enlarging the bottleneck in the analysis of alkaloids: A review on sample preparation in herbal matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Lan W, Jing S, Li S, Luo G. Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Countercurrent Multistage Microextraction System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shan Jing
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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28
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Zhang Y, van Nieuwkasteele JW, Qiang M, Tsai PA, Lammertink RGH. Spatial Site-Patterning of Wettability in a Microcapillary Tube. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10657-10660. [PMID: 27081782 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Substrate functionalization is of great importance in successfully manipulating flows and liquid interfaces in microdevices. Herein, we propose an alternative approach for spatial patterning of wettability in a microcapillary tube. The method combines a photolithography process with self-assembled monolayer formation. The modified microcapillaries show very sharp boundaries between the alternating hydrophilic/hydrophobic segments with an achieved smallest domain dimension down to 60 μm inside a 580 μm inner diameter capillary. Our two-step method allows us to pattern multiple types of functional groups in an enclosed channel. Such structures are promising regarding the manipulation of segmented flows inside capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Soft Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W van Nieuwkasteele
- Soft Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Qiang
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing, China
| | - Peichun Amy Tsai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rob G H Lammertink
- Soft Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
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29
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Wang WT, Sang FN, Xu JH, Wang YD, Luo GS. The enhancement of liquid–liquid extraction with high phase ratio by microfluidic-based hollow droplet. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel method to enhance the liquid–liquid extraction by a microfluidic-based hollow droplet structure. A one-step microfluidic device is used for the generation of gas-in-oil-in-water double emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Fu-Ning Sang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jian-Hong Xu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yun-Dong Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guang-Sheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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30
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Brewer BM, Shi M, Edd JF, Webb DJ, Li D. A microfluidic cell co-culture platform with a liquid fluorocarbon separator. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:311-23. [PMID: 24420386 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic cell co-culture platform that uses a liquid fluorocarbon oil barrier to separate cells into different culture chambers has been developed. Characterization indicates that the oil barrier could be effective for multiple days, and a maximum pressure difference between the oil barrier and aqueous media in the cell culture chamber could be as large as ~3.43 kPa before the oil barrier fails. Biological applications have been demonstrated with the separate transfection of two groups of primary hippocampal neurons with two different fluorescent proteins and subsequent observation of synaptic contacts between the neurons. In addition, the quality of the fluidic seal provided by the oil barrier is shown to be greater than that of an alternative solid-PDMS valve barrier design by testing the ability of each device to block low molecular weight CellTracker dyes used to stain cells in the culture chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryson M Brewer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235-1592, USA
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31
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Hyphenation of optimized microfluidic sample preparation with nano liquid chromatography for faster and greener alkaloid analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 797:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Choi E, Jun I, Chang HK, Park KM, Shin H, Park KD, Park J. Quantitatively controlled in situ formation of hydrogel membranes in microchannels for generation of stable chemical gradients. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:302-8. [PMID: 22108911 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The in situ formation of membranes in microfluidic channels has been given attention because of their great potential in the separation of components, cell culture support for tissue engineering, and molecular transport for generation of chemical gradients. Among these, the porous membranes in microchannels are vigorously applied to generate stable chemical gradients for chemotaxis-dependent cell migration assays. Previous work on the in situ fabrication of membranes for generating the chemical gradient, however, has had several disadvantages, such as fluid leaking, uncontrollable membrane thickness, need of extra equipment, and difficulty in realizing stable interfacial layers. In this paper, we report a novel technique for the in situ formation of membranes within microchannels using enzymatically crosslinkable hydrogels and microfluidic techniques. The thickness of the membrane can be controlled quantitatively by adjusting the crosslinking reaction time and velocity of the microfluidics. By using these techniques, parallel dual hydrogel membranes were prepared within microchannels and these were used for the generation of stable concentration gradients. Moreover, the migration of Salmonella typhimurium was monitored to validate the efficacy of the chemical gradients. These results suggest that our in situ membrane system can be used as a simple platform to understand many cellular activities, including cell adhesion and migration directed by chemotaxis or complex diffusions from biological fluids in three-dimensional microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunpyo Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Sinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
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33
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Li S, Jing S, Luo Q, Chen J, Luo G. Bionic system for countercurrent multi-stage micro-extraction. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21818f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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34
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Neethirajan S, Kobayashi I, Nakajima M, Wu D, Nandagopal S, Lin F. Microfluidics for food, agriculture and biosystems industries. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1574-86. [PMID: 21431239 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics, a rapidly emerging enabling technology has the potential to revolutionize food, agriculture and biosystems industries. Examples of potential applications of microfluidics in food industry include nano-particle encapsulation of fish oil, monitoring pathogens and toxins in food and water supplies, micro-nano-filtration for improving food quality, detection of antibiotics in dairy food products, and generation of novel food structures. In addition, microfluidics enables applications in agriculture and animal sciences such as nutrients monitoring and plant cells sorting for improving crop quality and production, effective delivery of biopesticides, simplified in vitro fertilization for animal breeding, animal health monitoring, vaccination and therapeutics. Lastly, microfluidics provides new approaches for bioenergy research. This paper synthesizes information of selected microfluidics-based applications for food, agriculture and biosystems industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Neethirajan
- Biological and Nanoscale Systems Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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35
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36
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Continuous-flow organic synthesis: a tool for the modern medicinal chemist. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:1593-612. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal chemists are under increasing pressure, not only to identify lead compounds and optimize them into clinical candidates, but also to produce materials in sufficient quantities for subsequent investigation. With this in mind, continuous-flow methodology presents an opportunity to reduce the time taken to, first, identify the compound and, second, scale the process for evaluation and, where necessary, production. It is therefore the aim of this review to provide the reader with an insight into the advantages associated with the use of continuous-flow chemistry through the use of strategically selected literature examples.
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