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Gan X, Li X, Cai Y, Yin B, Pan Q, Teng T, He Y, Tang H, Wang T, Li J, Zhu Z, Zhou X, Li J. Metabolic features of adolescent major depressive disorder: A comparative study between treatment-resistant depression and first-episode drug-naive depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107086. [PMID: 38824765 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric illness that can jeopardize the normal growth and development of adolescents. Approximately 40% of adolescent patients with MDD exhibit resistance to conventional antidepressants, leading to the development of Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). TRD is associated with severe impairments in social functioning and learning ability and an elevated risk of suicide, thereby imposing an additional societal burden. In this study, we conducted plasma metabolomic analysis on 53 adolescents diagnosed with first-episode drug-naïve MDD (FEDN-MDD), 53 adolescents with TRD, and 56 healthy controls (HCs) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS). We established a diagnostic model by identifying differentially expressed metabolites and applying cluster analysis, metabolic pathway analysis, and multivariate linear support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. Our findings suggest that adolescent TRD shares similarities with FEDN-MDD in five amino acid metabolic pathways and exhibits distinct metabolic characteristics, particularly tyrosine and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, through multivariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we optimized the area under the curve (AUC) and achieved the highest predictive accuracy, obtaining an AUC of 0.903 when comparing FEDN-MDD patients with HCs and an AUC of 0.968 when comparing TRD patients with HCs. This study provides new evidence for the identification of adolescent TRD and sheds light on different pathophysiologies by delineating the distinct plasma metabolic profiles of adolescent TRD and FEDN-MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xieyu Gan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangmin Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiyuan Pan
- The First People's Hospital of Zaoyang City, Hubei, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqian He
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Psychology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinfang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Chen G, Zhang W, Li D, Song J, Dong M. Testosterone synthesis was inhibited in the testis metabolomics of a depression mouse model. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:627-635. [PMID: 38244803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a common emotional disorder. Previous studies have suggested that depression is associated with the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested that reduced testosterone level is the core inducement of depression. Testis is the vital organ for the synthesis of testosterone. How does testis mediate depression is still unknown. OBJECTIVES We adopted a classical depression model of mouse caused through chronic mild stress (CMS). The metabolomics liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was adopted to analyse the influence of CMS on testis metabolism. Then we confirmed the possible abnormal metabolism of the testis in depression mice by pathway analysis and molecular biological technique. RESULTS Compared with control mice, 16 differential metabolites were found in CMS mice by multivariate statistical analysis. In comparison with control mice, CMS mice showed higher levels for campesterol, ribitol, citric acid, platelet activating factor, guanosine, cytosine and xanthine and lower levels for docosahexaenoic acid, hippuric acid, creatine, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, l-carnitine, acetyl carnitine and propionyl carnitine. The pathway analysis indicated that these differential metabolites are associated with steroid hormone synthesis, purine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism. In addition, we also first discovered that testicular morphology in depression mice was damaged and steroid hormone synthetases (including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage) were inhibited. CONCLUSION These findings may be helpful to parse molecular mechanisms of pathophysiology of depression. It also pointed out the direction to search for potential therapy schedules for male depression and provide novel insights into exploring the pathogenesis of male depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Meixue Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Cai W, Li C, Su Z, Cao J, Chen Z, Chen Y, Guo Z, Cai J, Xu F. Profile of the bile acid FXR-FGF15 pathway in the glucolipid metabolism disorder of diabetic mice suffering from chronic stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16407. [PMID: 38025699 PMCID: PMC10656902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imbalances in bile acid (BA) synthesis and metabolism are involved in the onset of diabetes and depression in humans and rodents. However, the role of BAs and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15 signaling pathway in the development of diabetes and depression is still largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms of BAs that may be associated with glucolipid metabolism disorders in diabetic mice subjected to chronic stress. Methods The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model was induced by feeding mice a high-fat diet and administering an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was performed by introducing a series of mild stressors. Forty mice were randomly divided into the regular chow feeding group and the high-fat diet feeding group. After two weeks of feeding, the mice were randomly divided into four groups: the Control group, CUMS group, T2DM group, and T2DM+CUMS group. The T2DM group and T2DM+CUMS group received an intraperitoneal injection of STZ to induce the T2DM model. The CUMS and T2DM+CUMS groups were exposed to CUMS to induce depressive-like phenotypes. Blood and tissue samples were obtained for pertinent analysis and detection. Results Compared with the T2DM mice, T2DM+CUMS mice had higher blood glucose and lipid levels, insulin resistance, inflammation of the liver and pancreas, impaired liver function, and increased total bile acids. These changes were accompanied by attenuated FXR signaling. Chronic stress was found to attenuate FXR expression and its downstream target, FGF15, in the ileum when compared with the T2DM group. Conclusion FXR may play a role in the diabetic disorder of glucolipid metabolism when aggravated by chronic stress. FXR and its downstream target, FGF15, may be therapeutic targets for treating comorbid T2DM and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Cai
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canye Li
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuanjun Su
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Cao
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Chen
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Heyou Meihe Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Fengxian Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Sixth People’ s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Leonurine Regulates Hippocampal Nerve Regeneration in Rats with Chronic and Unpredictable Mild Stress by Activating SHH/GLI Signaling Pathway and Restoring Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolic Homeostasis. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:1455634. [PMID: 36647544 PMCID: PMC9840550 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1455634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous disorder that requires new strategies to overcome depression. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether leonurine modulated hippocampal nerve regeneration in chronic and unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats through the SHH/GLI signaling pathway and restoring gut microbiota and microbial metabolic homeostasis. The CUMS rat model was constructed and treated with leonurine. The body weight of rats was recorded, and a series of tests were performed. Western blot was utilized to measure the expression of BDNF and 5-HT in the hippocampus. Then the expression of SHH, GLI, PTCH, and SMO were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The colocalization of BrdU+DCX and BrdU+NeuN was evaluated by IF. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was applied to detect the composition and distribution of gut microbiota. The differential metabolites were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics. The correlation between gut microbiota and microbial metabolites was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. After CUMS modeling, the body weight of rats was decreased, and the expression of BDNF and 5-HT were decreased, while the body weight was recovered, and the expression of BDNF and 5-HT were increased after leonurine treatment. Leonurine reversed the reduction in the colocalization of BrdU+DCX and BrdU+NeuN and the reduction in the levels of SHH, GLI, PTCH, and SMO induced by CUMS modeling. Leonurine also restored gut microbiota and microbial metabolites homeostasis in CUMS rats. Furthermore, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group was negatively correlated with 3-Oxocholic acid, nutriacholic acid, and cholic acid. Collectively, leonurine regulated hippocampal nerve regeneration in CUMS rats by activating the SHH/GLI signaling pathway and restoring gut microbiota and microbial metabolic homeostasis.
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Li S, Zhan M, Yan S, Xiao X. The Antifatigue Mechanism of Buyang-huanwu Decoction as Revealed by Serum Metabolomics in an Endurance Swimming Rat Model. J Med Food 2022; 25:1038-1049. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
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Tian H, Hu Z, Xu J, Wang C. The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e156. [PMID: 35875370 PMCID: PMC9301929 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder. Despite the many hypotheses proposed to understand the molecular pathophysiology of depression, it is still unclear. Current treatments for depression are inadequate for many individuals, because of limited effectiveness, delayed efficacy (usually two weeks), and side effects. Consequently, novel drugs with increased speed of action and effectiveness are required. Ketamine has shown to have rapid, reliable, and long-lasting antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant MDD patients and represent a breakthrough therapy for patients with MDD; however, concerns regarding its efficacy, potential misuse, and side effects remain. In this review, we aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms and pharmacological treatments for depression. We focused on the fast antidepressant treatment and clarified the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of ketamine and its metabolites for the MDD treatment, along with a review of the potential pharmacological mechanisms, research challenges, and future clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Tian
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral NeuroscienceNingbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of PathophysiologySchool of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangChina
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNingbo Kangning HospitalNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Child PsychiatryNingbo Kanning HospitalNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Jia Xu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral NeuroscienceNingbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of PathophysiologySchool of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral NeuroscienceNingbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of PathophysiologySchool of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangChina
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7
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Lirong W, Mingliang Z, Mengci L, Qihao G, Zhenxing R, Xiaojiao Z, Tianlu C. The clinical and mechanistic roles of bile acids in depression, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100324. [PMID: 35731901 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The burden of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders continues to grow with significant impacts on human health and social economy worldwide. Increasing clinical and preclinical evidences have implicated that bile acids (BAs) are involved in the onset and progression of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we summarized recent studies of BAs in three types of highly prevalent brain disorders, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. The shared and specific BA profiles were explored and potential markers associated with disease development and progression were summarized. The mechanistic roles of BAs were reviewed with focuses on inflammation, gut-brain-microbiota axis, cellular apoptosis. We also discussed future perspectives for the prevention and treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders by targeting BAs and related molecules and gut microbiota. Our understanding of BAs and their roles in brain disorders is still evolving. A large number of questions still need to be addressed on the emerging crosstalk among central, peripheral, intestine and their contribution to brain and mental health. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Lirong
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhao Mingliang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Li Mengci
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Guo Qihao
- Department of gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ren Zhenxing
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zheng Xiaojiao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chen Tianlu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Liu T, Deng K, Xue Y, Yang R, Yang R, Gong Z, Tang M. Carnitine and Depression. Front Nutr 2022; 9:853058. [PMID: 35369081 PMCID: PMC8964433 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.853058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has become one of the most common mental diseases in the world, but the understanding of its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatments remains insufficient. Carnitine is a natural substance that exists in organisms, which can be synthesized in vivo or supplemented by intake. Relationships of carnitine with depression, bipolar disorder and other mental diseases have been reported in different studies. Several studies show that the level of acylcarnitines (ACs) changes significantly in patients with depression compared with healthy controls while the supplementation of acetyl-L-carnitine is beneficial to the treatment of depression. In this review, we aimed to clarify the effects of ACs in depressive patients and to explore whether ACs might be the biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression and provide new ideas to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kunhong Deng
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Liu H, Zhang B, Liu L, Li F. Metabolomics research on the effect of dexamethasone‐induced chronic stress in serum of rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2004937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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10
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Guo XJ, Xiong YB, Jia Y, Cui XH, Wu WZ, Tian JS, Yang H, Ren Y. Altered Metabolomics in Bipolar Depression With Gastrointestinal Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:861285. [PMID: 35686183 PMCID: PMC9170992 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.861285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are very common in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), Few studies have researched the pathomechanism behind these symptoms. In the present study, we aim at elucidate the pathomechanism of GI symptoms in BD through metabolomic analysis. METHOD BD patients were recruited from Shanxi Bethune Hospital that divided into two groups, each group assessed with the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) according to the presence or absence of GI symptoms. Healthy controls were recruited from the medical examination center of the same hospital. Differential metabolites were identified and further analyzed using Metabo Analyst 3.0 to identify associated metabolic pathways. RESULTS There were significantly higher HAMD-24 scores in the GI symptoms group than that of non-GI symptoms group (p = 0.007). Based on metabolomic analysis results, we found that the common disturbances metabolic pathway of both two patients groups was ketone body metabolism, and the unique disturbances metabolic pathways of BD with GI symptoms were fatty acid biosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism, and these changes were independent of dietary habits. CONCLUSION BD patients with GI symptoms exhibited disturbances in fatty acid and tyrosine metabolism, perhaps suggesting that the GI symptoms in BD patients are related to disturbances of the gut microbiome. Both groups of patients jointly exhibit disturbances of ketone body metabolism, which may serve as a biomarker for the pathogenesis of BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Jie Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Bing Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Ze Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Taiyuan, China
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11
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Duan L, Fan R, Li T, Yang Z, Hu E, Yu Z, Tian J, Luo W, Zhang C. Metabolomics Analysis of the Prefrontal Cortex in a Rat Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model of Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:815211. [PMID: 35370823 PMCID: PMC8965009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.815211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability and suicidality worldwide. Metabolites are considered indicators and regulators of depression. However, the pathophysiology of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in depression remains unclear. METHODS A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model and a maturation rodent model of depression was used to investigate metabolic changes in the PFC. Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into CUMS and control groups. The sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) were employed to evaluate and record depression-associated behaviors and changes in body weight (BW). High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to test metabolites in rat PFC. Furthermore, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis were employed to identify differentially abundant metabolites. Metabolic pathways were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst. Finally, a metabolite-protein interaction network was established to illustrate the function of differential metabolites. RESULTS SPT and FST results confirmed successful establishment of the CUMS-induced depression-like behavior model in rats. Five metabolites, including 1-methylnicotinamide, 3-methylhistidine, acetylcholine, glycerophospho-N-palmitoyl ethanolamine, α-D-mannose 1-phosphate, were identified as potential biomarkers of depression. Four pathways changed in the CUMS group. Metabolite-protein interaction analysis revealed that 10 pathways play roles in the metabolism of depression. CONCLUSION Five potential biomarkers were identified in the PFC and metabolite-protein interactions associated with metabolic pathophysiological processes were explored using the CUMS model. The results of this study will assist physicians and scientists in discovering potential diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic targets for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Duan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - En Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weikang Luo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Effect of Coriander Plants on Human Emotions, Brain Electrophysiology, and Salivary Secretion. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121283. [PMID: 34943198 PMCID: PMC8698652 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This research aims to investigate the effects of coriander plants on human emotions and physiological activities. The results showed coriander plants could significantly reduce the angry sub-scores, alpha amylase and amino acids (arginine, proline, histidine, and taurine) concentrations in saliva. Theta (4–8 Hz) band activity of the cerebral cortex was significantly enhanced. Moreover, taurine significantly positively correlated with anger and negatively correlated with vigor. All the results signified that coriander plant could influence the activity of brain electrophysiological and salivary secretion through its VOCs to improve people’s negative emotions. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the living coriander plants have some therapeutic effect on the human psychological state. Abstract Coriander is a popular herb with versatile applications. However, the current research about coriander medicinal values have been mainly focusing on its extracts while lacking in the relationship between living coriander plants and emotion. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of coriander plants on human emotions and physiological activities. The results showed that the main Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of coriander plants were 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, d-limonene, eucalyptol, benzyl alcohol, Isophorone, dimethyl glutarate, α-terpineol, styrene, methyl methacrylate, α-pinene. Coriander plants could significantly reduce the angry sub-scores, alpha amylase and amino acids (arginine, proline, histidine, and taurine) concentrations in saliva. Theta (4–8 Hz) band activity of the cerebral cortex was significantly enhanced. Moreover, taurine significantly positively correlated with anger and negatively correlated with vigor. All the results signified that coriander plant could influence the activity of brain electrophysiological and salivary secretion through its VOCs to improve people’s negative emotions.
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Tyagi A, Yeon SJ, Daliri EBM, Chen X, Chelliah R, Oh DH. Untargeted Metabolomics of Korean Fermented Brown Rice Using UHPLC Q-TOF MS/MS Reveal an Abundance of Potential Dietary Antioxidative and Stress-Reducing Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040626. [PMID: 33921826 PMCID: PMC8072674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radical-induced oxidative stress is the root cause of many diseases, such as diabetes, stress and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this research was to screen GABA levels, antioxidant activities and bioactive compounds in brown rice. In this study, we first fermented brown rice with different lactic acid bacteria (LABs), and the best LAB was selected based on the levels of GABA in the fermentate. Lactobacillus reuterii generated the highest levels of GABA after fermentation. To ascertain whether germination can improve the GABA levels of brown rice, we compared the levels of GABA in raw brown rice (Raw), germinated brown rice (Germ), fermented brown rice (Ferm) and fermented-germinated brown rice (G+F) to identify the best approach. Then, antioxidant activities were investigated for Raw BR, Germ BR, Ferm BR and G+F BR. Antioxidant activity was calculated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazile radical assay, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylene benzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical assay and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. In Ferm BR, DPPH (114.40 ± 0.66), ABTS (130.52 ± 0.97) and FRAP (111.16 ± 1.83) mg Trolox equivalent 100 g, dry weight (DW), were observed as the highest among all samples. Total phenolic content (97.13 ± 0.59) and total flavonoids contents (79.62 ± 1.33) mg GAE/100 g and catechin equivalent/100 g, DW, were also found to be highest in fermented BR. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry revealed the abundance of bioactive compounds in fermented BR, such as GABA, tryptophan, coumaric acid, L-ascorbic acid, linoleic acid, β-carotenol, eugenol, 6-gingerol, etc., as well as bioactive peptides which could contribute to the health-promoting properties of L. reuterii fermented brown rice.
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Insights into Metabolite Diagnostic Biomarkers for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073423. [PMID: 33810365 PMCID: PMC8037376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a persistent and unexplained pathological state characterized by exertional and severely debilitating fatigue, with/without infectious or neuropsychiatric symptoms, and with a minimum duration of 6 consecutive months. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood. There are no firmly established diagnostic biomarkers or treatment, due to incomplete understanding of the etiology of ME/CFS and diagnostic uncertainty. Establishing a biomarker for the objective diagnosis is urgently needed to treat a lot of patients. Recently, research on ME/CFS using metabolome analysis methods has been increasing. Here, we overview recent findings concerning the metabolic features in patients with ME/CFS and the animal models which contribute to the development of diagnostic biomarkers for ME/CFS and its treatment. In addition, we discuss future perspectives of studies on ME/CFS.
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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Puigbò P, Torrell H, Palacios-Jordan H, Ripoll VJR, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Baselga-Escudero L, Mulero M. A Pilot Study for Metabolic Profiling of Obesity-Associated Microbial Gut Dysbiosis in Male Wistar Rats. Biomolecules 2021; 11:303. [PMID: 33670496 PMCID: PMC7922951 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most incident and concerning disease worldwide. Definite strategies to prevent obesity and related complications remain elusive. Among the risk factors of the onset of obesity, gut microbiota might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, and it has received extensive attention because it affects the host metabolism. In this study, we aimed to define a metabolic profile of the segregated obesity-associated gut dysbiosis risk factor. The study of the metabolome, in an obesity-associated gut dysbiosis model, provides a relevant way for the discrimination on the different biomarkers in the obesity onset. Thus, we developed a model of this obesity risk factors through the transference of gut microbiota from obese to non-obese male Wistar rats and performed a subsequent metabolic analysis in the receptor rats. Our results showed alterations in the lipid metabolism in plasma and in the phenylalanine metabolism in urine. In consequence, we have identified metabolic changes characterized by: (1) an increase in DG:34:2 in plasma, a decrease in hippurate, (2) an increase in 3-HPPA, and (3) an increase in o-coumaric acid. Hereby, we propose these metabolites as a metabolic profile associated to a segregated dysbiosis state related to obesity disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Pere Puigbò
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Torrell
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili−EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.T.); (H.P.-J.)
| | - Hector Palacios-Jordan
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili−EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.T.); (H.P.-J.)
| | | | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Bacterial Metabolites of Human Gut Microbiota Correlating with Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239234. [PMID: 33287416 PMCID: PMC7730936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a global threat to mental health that affects around 264 million people worldwide. Despite the considerable evolution in our understanding of the pathophysiology of depression, no reliable biomarkers that have contributed to objective diagnoses and clinical therapy currently exist. The discovery of the microbiota-gut-brain axis induced scientists to study the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of depression. Over the last decade, many of studies were conducted in this field. The productions of metabolites and compounds with neuroactive and immunomodulatory properties among mechanisms such as the mediating effects of the GM on the brain, have been identified. This comprehensive review was focused on low molecular weight compounds implicated in depression as potential products of the GM. The other possible mechanisms of GM involvement in depression were presented, as well as changes in the composition of the microbiota of patients with depression. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential of functional foods and psychobiotics in relieving depression were considered. The described biomarkers associated with GM could potentially enhance the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in clinical practice and represent a potential future diagnostic tool based on metagenomic technologies for assessing the development of depressive disorders.
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Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling Using UHPLC-QTOF/MS Reveals Metabolic Alterations Associated with Autism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6105608. [PMID: 32964039 PMCID: PMC7502129 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinical spectrum of neurodevelopment disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction along with repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. The current diagnosis for autism relies entirely on clinical evaluation and has many limitations. In this study, we aim to elucidate the potential mechanism behind autism and establish a series of potential biomarkers for diagnosis. Here, we established an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry- (UHPLC-QTOF/MS-) based metabonomic approach to discriminate the metabolic modifications between the cohort of autism patients and the healthy subjects. UHPLC-QTOF/MS analysis revealed that 24 of the identified potential biomarkers were primarily involved in amino acid or lipid metabolism and the tryptophan kynurenine pathway. The combination of nicotinamide, anthranilic acid, D-neopterin, and 7,8-dihydroneopterin allows for discrimination between ASD patients and controls, which were validated in an independent autism case-control cohort. The results indicated that UHPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics is capable of rapidly profiling autism metabolites and is a promising technique for the discovery of potential biomarkers related to autism.
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18
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Feng Y, Gao X, Meng M, Xue H, Qin X. Multi-omics reveals the mechanisms of antidepressant-like effects of the low polarity fraction of Bupleuri Radix. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112806. [PMID: 32234596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Bupleuri (Bupleurum chinense DC.) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has the effect of soothing the liver and relieving depression, and widely used in the field of antidepression. AIM OF THE STUDY The low polarity fraction of Bupleuri Radix (PBR) has proved to be effective for the treatment of depression based on the results of our previous study. However, mechanisms of definite antidepressant-like effects remained unclear. The purpose of this study is to reveal mechanisms of antidepressant-like effects of PBR with multi-dimensional omics. MATERIALS AND METHODS LC-MS metabolomics combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate the effects of PBR on gut microbiota and metabolites in CUMS-induced depression, and Pearson correlation analysis was carried out on gut microbiota and metabolites. RESULTS PBR significantly improved depression-like behaviors in the CUMS model rats. Moreover, PBR significantly increased the levels of BDNF in the hippocampus. Cecum contents metabolomics revealed that 16 biomarkers associated with PBR antidepressant effect were screened, which were involved 3 metabolic pathways including primary bile acid biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Gut microbiota further analysis demonstrated that PBR increased the diversity of gut microbiota, and significantly inhibited the growth of [Prevotella] and Ochrobactrum. Furthermore, Pearson analysis revealed there was a strong correlation between cecum contents of metabolites and gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS PBR improved depression-like behavior by regulating metabolic profiles and gut microbiota, and contributing to further understand the entailed antidepressant-like mechanisms of PBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Meidai Meng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Xue
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
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Caspani G, Kennedy S, Foster JA, Swann J. Gut microbial metabolites in depression: understanding the biochemical mechanisms. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:454-481. [PMID: 31646148 PMCID: PMC6780009 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.10.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal and central function are intrinsically connected by the gut microbiota, an ecosystem that has co-evolved with the host to expand its biotransformational capabilities and interact with host physiological processes by means of its metabolic products. Abnormalities in this microbiota-gut-brain axis have emerged as a key component in the pathophysiology of depression, leading to more research attempting to understand the neuroactive potential of the products of gut microbial metabolism. This review explores the potential for the gut microbiota to contribute to depression and focuses on the role that microbially-derived molecules – neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, indoles, bile acids, choline metabolites, lactate and vitamins – play in the context of emotional behavior. The future of gut-brain axis research lies is moving away from association, towards the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the gut bacteria and depressive behavior. We propose that direct and indirect mechanisms exist through which gut microbial metabolites affect depressive behavior: these include (i) direct stimulation of central receptors, (ii) peripheral stimulation of neural, endocrine, and immune mediators, and (iii) epigenetic regulation of histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Elucidating these mechanisms is essential to expand our understanding of the etiology of depression, and to develop new strategies to harness the beneficial psychotropic effects of these molecules. Overall, the review highlights the potential for dietary interventions to represent such novel therapeutic strategies for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Caspani
- Computational Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Sidney Kennedy
- Centre for Mental Health and Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CA.,Mental Health Services, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CA.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, CA
| | - Jane A Foster
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Computational Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
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Hamada M, Nishigawa T, Maesono S, Aso K, Ikeda H, Furuse M. Decreased stress-induced depression-like behavior in lactating rats is associated with changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. Stress 2019; 22:482-491. [PMID: 30838897 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1584179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression-like behavior during lactation may relate to changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. This study investigated how the behavior, HPA axis activity, brain monoamines, and brain free amino acid metabolism of rats were changed by stress or lactation period. Rats were separated into four groups: (1) control lactating (n = 6), (2) stress lactating (n = 6), (3) control virgin (n = 7), and (4) stress virgin (n = 7) and restrained for 30 min a total of ten times (once every other day) from postnatal day (PND) 1. Depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test (FST) on PND 10 and concentration of corticosterone in plasma, as well as monoamines and L-amino acids including β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, cystathionine, 3-methyl-histidine and taurine in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus on PND 19 were measured. The plasma corticosterone concentration, measured just after restraint stress, was significantly higher in the stress groups, versus the control groups, but there were no significant differences between control and stress lactating groups. Depression-like behavior (immobility) in the FST was significantly lower in the lactating groups, versus the virgin groups. Stress enhanced dopamine and glutamate, and decreased threonine and glycine concentrations in the hypothalamus. In addition, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), threonine and ornithine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in the lactating groups compared with the virgin groups. Changes in plasma corticosterone concentration, monoamine, and amino acid metabolism may relate to stress-induced depression-like behavior in lactating rats. Lay summary This study revealed that reduced depression-like behavior in lactating, relative to virgin rats, was associated with changes in monoamine and amino acid metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. In addition, the effect of stress on monoamine and amino acid metabolism is prominently observed in the hypothalamus and may be related to neuroendocrine stress axis activity and secretion of corticosterone. This study suggested that stress-induced depression-like behavior may be associated with several changes in the stress axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. These parameters were associated with attenuated depression-like behavior in lactating rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hamada
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takuma Nishigawa
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Saori Maesono
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Kenta Aso
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeda
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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Xu T, Lu C, Feng L, Fan LX, Sun J, Fan B, Wang Q, Wang Y, Liu XM, Wang FZ. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based urinary metabolomics study on a rat model of simulated microgravity-induced depression. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 165:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Miao X, Xiao B, Shui S, Yang J, Huang R, Dong J. Metabolomics analysis of serum reveals the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang on fatigued mice induced by exhausting physical exercise. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 151:301-309. [PMID: 29413978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), believed to invigorate 'Qi' (vital energy) and nourish 'Blood' (body circulation), is a traditional Chinese medicine formula. In this study, a metabolomics approach with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry combined with pattern recognition was adopted to investigate the underlying mechanism of the antifatigue effect of DBT on fatigue of mice induced by weight-loaded forced swimming. Fourteen endogenous metabolites, up-regulated or down-regulated, were identified in the model mice by analysis tools of partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and XCMS online software. Furthermore, the metabolites were reversed by DBT treatment, offering evidence for the antifatigue effect. In addition, intervention of DBT changed the levels of biochemical parameters. DBT showed obvious efficacy on the fatigued mice possibly by regulating the pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and TCA cycle. This study demonstrated that DBT has a good antifatigue effect and that metabolomics is a powerful means to gain insights into the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Miao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bingkun Xiao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Sufang Shui
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jianyun Yang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rongqing Huang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Junxing Dong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
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Zheng J, Glezerman IG, Sadot E, McNeil A, Zarama C, Gönen M, Creasy J, Pak LM, Balachandran VP, D'Angelica MI, Allen PJ, DeMatteo RP, Kingham TP, Jarnagin WR, Jaimes EA. Hypophosphatemia after Hepatectomy or Pancreatectomy: Role of the Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase. J Am Coll Surg 2017; 225:488-497.e2. [PMID: 28690207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative hypophosphatemia is common and is associated with a lower risk of liver failure after hepatectomy, but higher morbidity after pancreatectomy. Whether different physiologic mechanisms underlie the hypophosphatemia associated with these very different clinical outcomes is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the underlying mechanism in postoperative hypophosphatemia. STUDY DESIGN We prospectively enrolled 120 patients who underwent major hepatectomy (n = 30), minor hepatectomy (n = 30), pancreatectomy (n = 30), and laparotomy without resection (control group, n = 30). Preoperative and postoperative serum and urinary phosphorus, calcium, and creatinine, as well as phosphaturic factors, including serum nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), fibroblast growth factor-23, and parathyroid hormone were measured. In addition, we evaluated urinary levels of nicotinamide catabolites, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide. RESULTS We found that significant hypophosphatemia occurred from postoperative day (POD) 1 to POD 2 in all 4 groups and was preceded by hyperphosphaturia from preoperative day to POD 1. Phosphate level alterations were associated with a significant increase in NAMPT levels from preoperative day to POD 2 in all 3 resected groups, but not in the control group. The fibroblast growth factor-23 levels were significantly decreased postoperatively in all 4 groups, and parathyroid hormone levels did not change in any of the 4 groups. Urine levels of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide decreased significantly in all 4 groups postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the mechanism of hypophosphatemia is the same for both liver and pancreas resections. Postoperative hypophosphatemia is associated with increased NAMPT. The mechanism that upregulates NAMPT and its role on disparate clinical outcomes in postoperative patients warrant additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ilya G Glezerman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Eran Sadot
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anjuli McNeil
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Cristina Zarama
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - John Creasy
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Linda M Pak
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Peter J Allen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - T Peter Kingham
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - William R Jarnagin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Edgar A Jaimes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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Liu YY, Zhou XY, Yang LN, Wang HY, Zhang YQ, Pu JC, Liu LX, Gui SW, Zeng L, Chen JJ, Zhou CJ, Xie P. Social defeat stress causes depression-like behavior with metabolite changes in the prefrontal cortex of rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176725. [PMID: 28453574 PMCID: PMC5409051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a serious mental disorder with high morbidity and mortality. The role of social stress in the development of depression remains unclear. Here, we used the social defeat stress paradigm to induce depression-like behavior in rats, then evaluated the behavior of the rats and measured metabolic changes in the prefrontal cortex using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Within the first week after the social defeat procedure, the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST) were conducted to examine the depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors. For our metabolite analysis, multivariate statistics were applied to observe the distribution of all samples and to differentiate the socially defeated group from the control group. Ingenuity pathway analysis was used to find the potential relationships among the differential metabolites. In the OFT and EPM, there were no significant differences between the two experimental groups. In the SPT and FST, socially defeated rats showed less sucrose intake and longer immobility time compared with control rats. Metabolic profiling identified 25 significant variables with good predictability. Ingenuity pathways analysis revealed that “Hereditary Disorder, Neurological Disease, Lipid Metabolism” was the most significantly altered network. Stress-induced alterations of low molecular weight metabolites were observed in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Particularly, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism were significantly perturbed. The results of this study suggest that repeated social defeat can lead to metabolic changes and depression-like behavior in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ning Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Yang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Cai Pu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan-Xiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si-Wen Gui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Knowles EEM, Huynh K, Meikle PJ, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Mathias SR, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Blangero J, Curran JE, Glahn DC. The lipidome in major depressive disorder: Shared genetic influence for ether-phosphatidylcholines, a plasma-based phenotype related to inflammation, and disease risk. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 43:44-50. [PMID: 28365467 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lipidome is rapidly garnering interest in the field of psychiatry. Recent studies have implicated lipidomic changes across numerous psychiatric disorders. In particular, there is growing evidence that the concentrations of several classes of lipids are altered in those diagnosed with MDD. However, for lipidomic abnormalities to be considered potential treatment targets for MDD (rather than secondary manifestations of the disease), a shared etiology between lipid concentrations and MDD should be demonstrated. METHODS In a sample of 567 individuals from 37 extended pedigrees (average size 13.57 people, range=3-80), we used mass spectrometry lipidomic measures to evaluate the genetic overlap between twenty-three biologically distinct lipid classes and a dimensional scale of MDD. RESULTS We found that the lipid class with the largest endophenotype ranking value (ERV, a standardized parametric measure of pleiotropy) were ether-phosphodatidylcholines (alkylphosphatidylcholine, PC(O) and alkenylphosphatidylcholine, PC(P) subclasses). Furthermore, we examined the cluster structure of the twenty-five species within the top-ranked lipid class, and the relationship of those clusters with MDD. This analysis revealed that species containing arachidonic acid generally exhibited the greatest degree of genetic overlap with MDD. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate a shared genetic etiology between MDD and ether-phosphatidylcholine species containing arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid that is a precursor to inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins. The study highlights the potential utility of the well-characterized linoleic/arachidonic acid inflammation pathway as a diagnostic marker and/or treatment target for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - K Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - R L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - L Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - J Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - J E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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26
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Sun L, Fang L, Lian B, Xia JJ, Zhou CJ, Wang L, Mao Q, Wang XF, Gong X, Liang ZH, Bai SJ, Liao L, Wu Y, Xie P. Biochemical effects of venlafaxine on astrocytes as revealed by 1H NMR-based metabolic profiling. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:338-349. [PMID: 28045162 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [SNRI], venlafaxine is one of the most commonly prescribed clinical antidepressants, with a broad range of antidepressant effects.
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27
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Huang Y, Bo Y, Wu X, Wang Q, Qin F, Zhao L, Xiong Z. An intergated serum and urinary metabonomic research based on UPLC-MS and therapeutic effects of Gushudan on prednisolone-induced osteoporosis rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:119-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Lu Y, Yang R, Jiang X, Yang Y, Peng F, Yuan H. Serum metabolite profiles of postoperative fatigue syndrome in rat following partial hepatectomy. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:210-5. [PMID: 27257346 PMCID: PMC4865597 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative fatigue syndrome is a general complication after surgery. However, there is no ‘‘gold standard’’ for fatigue assessment due to the lack of objective biomarkers. In this study, a rodent model of postoperative fatigue syndrome based on partial hepatectomy was firstly established and serum metabonomic method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-TOF mass spectrometry was applied. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis was used to identify the differential metabolites in 70% partial hepatectomy rats relative to sham rats and 30% partial hepatectomy rats, which showed 70% partial hepatectomy group was significantly distinguishable from 30% partial hepatectomy group and sham group. Eighteen serum metabolites responsible for the discrimination were identified. The levels of hypoxanthine, kynurenine, tryptophan, uric acid, phenylalanine, palmitic acid, arachidonic acid and oleic acid showed progressive elevation from sham group to 30% partial hepatectomy group to 70% partial hepatectomy group, and levels of valine, tyrosine, isoleucine, linoleyl carnitine, palmitoylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0), lysophosphatidylcholine (20:3), citric acid, succinic acid and hippuric acid showed progressive declining trend from sham group to 30% partial hepatectomy group to 70% partial hepatectomy group. These potential biomarkers help to understand of etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of postoperative fatigue syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Department of Nursing, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu district, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Nursing, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu district, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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29
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He L, Ren J, Shi Z, Xu Z. Separation of Key Biogenic Amines by Capillary Electrophoresis and Determination of Possible Indicators of Sport Fatigue in Athlete's Urine. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1428-34. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Ding X, Liu R, Li W, Ni H, Liu Y, Wu D, Yang S, Liu J, Xiao B, Liu S. A metabonomic investigation on the biochemical perturbation in post-stroke patients with depressive disorder (PSD). Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:279-87. [PMID: 26537495 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A metabonomics study based on GC/MS and multivariate statistical analysis was performed involving 28 post stroke depressed (PSD) patients, 27 post-stroke non-depressed (PSND) patients and 33 healthy subjects to investigate the biochemical perturbation in their plasma samples. The outcome of this study showed that there was distinctive metabolic profile for PSD patients. Seven sentinel metabolites showed marked perturbations in PSD patients' blood. The introduction of metabonomics approach may provide a novel metabonomic insight about PSD and the sentinel metabolites for classifying PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ruoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- Departmment of Cell Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wenkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hengjia Ni
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Science, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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31
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Chetwynd AJ, Abdul-Sada A, Holt SG, Hill EM. Use of a pre-analysis osmolality normalisation method to correct for variable urine concentrations and for improved metabolomic analyses. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1431:103-110. [PMID: 26755417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics analyses of urine have the potential to provide new information on the detection and progression of many disease processes. However, urine samples can vary significantly in total solute concentration and this presents a challenge to achieve high quality metabolomic datasets and the detection of biomarkers of disease or environmental exposures. This study investigated the efficacy of pre- and post-analysis normalisation methods to analyse metabolomic datasets obtained from neat and diluted urine samples from five individuals. Urine samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) prior to metabolomic analyses using a sensitive nanoflow/nanospray LC-MS technique and the data analysed by principal component analyses (PCA). Post-analysis normalisation of the datasets to either creatinine or osmolality concentration, or to mass spectrum total signal (MSTS), revealed that sample discrimination was driven by the dilution factor of urine rather than the individual providing the sample. Normalisation of urine samples to equal osmolality concentration prior to LC-MS analysis resulted in clustering of the PCA scores plot according to sample source and significant improvements in the number of peaks common to samples of all three dilutions from each individual. In addition, the ability to identify discriminating markers, using orthogonal partial least squared-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), was greatly improved when pre-analysis normalisation to osmolality was compared with post-analysis normalisation to osmolality and non-normalised datasets. Further improvements for peak area repeatability were observed in some samples when the pre-analysis normalisation to osmolality was combined with a post-analysis mass spectrum total useful signal (MSTUS) or MSTS normalisation. Future adoption of such normalisation methods may reduce the variability in metabolomics analyses due to differing urine concentrations and improve the discovery of discriminating metabolites associated with sample source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Chetwynd
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Alaa Abdul-Sada
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Stephen G Holt
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
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32
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Guo B, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhou J, Dai H, Huang Z, Shen L, Zhang Q, Chen B. Wide-Scope Screening of Illegal Adulterants in Dietary and Herbal Supplements via Rapid Polarity-Switching and Multistage Accurate Mass Confirmation Using an LC-IT/TOF Hybrid Instrument. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6954-6967. [PMID: 26189662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical strategy was developed that integrates a generic sample preparation into a liquid chromatography-multistage ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT(MS(n))/TOF), allowing for large-scale screening and qualitative confirmation of wide-scope illegal adulterants in different food matrices. Samples were pretreated by a fast single-tube multifunction extraction for accurate multistage mass measurement on the hybrid LC-IT/TOF system. A qualitative validation performed for over 500 analyte-matrix pairs showed the method can reduce most of the matrix effects and achieve a lower limit of confirmation at 0.1 mg/kg for 73% of the target compounds. A unique combination of dual-polarity detection, retention time, isotopic profile, and accurate MS(n) spectra enables more comprehensive and precise confirmation, based on the multiparameter matching by automated library searching against the user-created database. Finally, the applicability of this LC-IT(MS(n))/TOF-based screening procedure for discriminating coeluting isobars, identifying nontarget adulterants, and even tentatively elucidating unexpected species in real samples is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meiling Wang
- §Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Changsha 410004, China
| | | | | | - Hua Dai
- §Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- §Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lingling Shen
- #Guangzhou Branch, Shimadzu (China) Co., Limited,7FL,T. P. Plaza, 9/109 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Qingsheng Zhang
- ΔNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
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33
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Turck CW, Filiou MD. What Have Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics and Metabolomics (Not) Taught Us about Psychiatric Disorders? MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2015; 1:69-75. [PMID: 27602358 PMCID: PMC4996030 DOI: 10.1159/000381902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular causes and finding appropriate therapies for psychiatric disorders are challenging tasks for research; -omics technologies are used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction in a hypothesis-free manner. In this review, we will focus on mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics and address how these approaches have contributed to our understanding of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, we will discuss what we have learned from mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics studies in rodent models and human cohorts, outline current limitations and discuss the potential of these methods for future applications in psychiatry.
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34
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Liu X, Zheng P, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Hu C, Li J, Zhao J, Zhou J, Xie P, Xu G. Discovery and Validation of Plasma Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder Classification Based on Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2322-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department
of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute
of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department
of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute
of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chunxiu Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jieyu Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department
of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute
of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department
of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute
of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian 116023, China
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35
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Metabolomic identification of biochemical changes induced by fluoxetine and imipramine in a chronic mild stress mouse model of depression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8890. [PMID: 25749400 PMCID: PMC4352870 DOI: 10.1038/srep08890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics was applied to a C57BL/6N mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS). Such mice were treated with two antidepressants from different categories: fluoxetine and imipramine. Metabolic profiling of the hippocampus was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on samples prepared under optimized conditions, followed by principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and pair-wise orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analyses. Body weight measurement and behavior tests including an open field test and the forced swimming test were completed with the mice as a measure of the phenotypes of depression and antidepressive effects. As a result, 23 metabolites that had been differentially expressed among the control, CMS, and antidepressant-treated groups demonstrated that amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, adenosine receptors, and neurotransmitters are commonly perturbed by drug treatment. Potential predictive markers for treatment effect were identified: myo-inositol for fluoxetine and lysine and oleic acid for imipramine. Collectively, the current study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of the antidepressant effects of two widely used medications.
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36
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Peng GJ, Tian JS, Gao XX, Zhou YZ, Qin XM. Research on the Pathological Mechanism and Drug Treatment Mechanism of Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:514-23. [PMID: 26412071 PMCID: PMC4790409 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1304150831120428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the prevalent and persistent psychiatric illnesses. It brings heavy socioeconomic burden such as healthcare expenditures and even higher suicide rates. Despite many hypotheses about its mechanism have been put forward, so far it is still unclear, not to mention the precise and effective diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In this paper, the current conditions of pathological and pharmacological mechanism of depression were reviewed systematically. Firstly, the most recent hypotheses and metabolomics based research including hereditary, neurotransmitter systems, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), hyperactivity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory as well as metabolomics were summarized. Secondly, the present situation and development on antidepressant drugs at home and abroad were reviewed. Finally, a conclusion and prospect on the pathological and pharmacological mechanism of depression were provided primarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-jiang Peng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006,
PR China
| | - Jun-sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Xiao-xia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yu-zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Xue-mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
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37
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Martins-de-Souza D. Proteomics, metabolomics, and protein interactomics in the characterization of the molecular features of major depressive disorder. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014. [PMID: 24733971 PMCID: PMC3984892 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.1/dmartins] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Omics technologies emerged as complementary strategies to genomics in the attempt to understand human illnesses. In general, proteomics technologies emerged earlier than those of metabolomics for major depressive disorder (MDD) research, but both are driven by the identification of proteins and/or metabolites that can delineate a comprehensive characterization of MDD's molecular mechanisms, as well as lead to the identification of biomarker candidates of all types—prognosis, diagnosis, treatment, and patient stratification. Also, one can explore protein and metabolite interactomes in order to pinpoint additional molecules associated with the disease that had not been picked up initially. Here, results and methodological aspects of MDD research using proteomics, metabolomics, and protein interactomics are reviewed, focusing on human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Van der Auwera S, Janowitz D, Schulz A, Homuth G, Nauck M, Völzke H, Rose M, Meyer zu Schwabedissen H, Freyberger HJ, Grabe HJ. Interaction among childhood trauma and functional polymorphisms in the serotonin pathway moderate the risk of depressive disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264 Suppl 1:S45-54. [PMID: 25214390 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Depressive disorders are influenced by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Multiple studies support a role of serotonergic pathways in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. As a rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin synthesis in the brain, tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) represents a plausible candidate gene. This also applies to the serotonin reuptake transporter (5-HTTLPR) regulating the availability of serotonin in the synaptic gap. We hypothesize that functional polymorphisms (TPH2: rs7305115, 5-HTTLPR and rs25531) within both genes contribute to the risk of depressive disorders after childhood abuse in adult life. To confirm our results, we investigated two independent samples of Caucasian subjects from the study of health in Pomerania (SHIP-LEGEND: n = 2,029 and SHIP-TREND-0: n = 2,475). Depression severity was assessed by the Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) for LEGEND and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for TREND-0. Childhood abuse was assessed by the childhood trauma questionnaire. Rs7305115 (TPH2) revealed significant effects in SNP × abuse and SNP × SNP as well as in the three-way interaction. This three-way interaction among abuse, TPH2 and 5-HTTLPR showed a significant effect on depression score (p = 0.023). The SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR was associated with increased depression scores after childhood abuse only in carriers of the low-expression TPH2 GG genotype, whereas the TPH2 AA genotype reversed this effect. Our results support the role of interaction effects of genetic variants within serotonergic pathways. Genetic variants that may decrease the presynaptic serotonin concentration were associated with increased adult depressive symptoms in subjects with childhood abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,
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39
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The potential biomarker panels for identification of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients with and without early life stress (ELS) by metabonomic analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97479. [PMID: 24870353 PMCID: PMC4037179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The lack of the disease biomarker to support objective laboratory tests still constitutes a bottleneck in the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of major depressive disorder (MDD) and its subtypes. We used metabonomic techniques to screen the diagnostic biomarker panels from the plasma of MDD patients with and without early life stress (ELS) experience. Methods Plasma samples were collected from 25 healthy adults and 46 patients with MDD, including 23 patients with ELS and 23 patients without ELS. Furthermore, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify the differences in global plasma metabolites among the 3 groups. Results The distinctive metabolic profiles exist either between healthy subjects and MDD patients or between the MDD patients with ELS experience (ELS/MDD patients) and the MDD patients without it (non-ELS/MDD patients), and some diagnostic panels of feature metabolites' combination have higher predictive potential than the diagnostic panels of differential metabolites. Conclusions These findings in this study have high potential of being used as novel laboratory diagnostic tool for MDD patients and it with ELS or not in clinical application.
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40
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Zheng T, Liu L, Shi J, Yu X, Xiao W, Sun R, Zhou Y, Aa J, Wang G. The metabolic impact of methamphetamine on the systemic metabolism of rats and potential markers of methamphetamine abuse. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:1968-77. [PMID: 24825823 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the stimulating and psychotropic effects of methamphetamine (METH) on the nervous system are well documented, the impact of METH abuse on biological metabolism and the turnover of peripheral transmitters are poorly understood. Metabolomics has the potential to reveal the effect of METH abuse on systemic metabolism and potential markers suggesting the underlying mechanism of toxicity. In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with METH at escalating doses of mg kg(-1) for 5 consecutive days and then were withdrawn for 2 days. The metabolites in the serum and urine were profiled and the systemic effects of METH on metabolic pathways were evaluated. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that METH caused distinct deviations, whereas the withdrawal of METH restored the metabolic patterns towards baseline. METH administration elevated energy metabolism, which was manifested by the distinct depletion of branched-chain amino acids, accelerated tricarboxylic-acid cycle and lipid metabolism, reduced serum glycerol-3-phosphate, and elevated serum and urinary 3-hydroxybutyrate and urinary glycerol. In addition to the increased serum levels of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate (the inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain), a marked decline in serum alanine and glycine after METH treatment suggested the activation and decreased inhibition of the nervous system and hence elevated nervous activity. Withdrawal of METH for 2 days efficiently restored all but a few metabolites to baseline, including serum creatinine, citrate, 2-ketoglutarate, and urinary lactate. Therefore, these metabolites are potential markers of METH use, and they may be used to facilitate the diagnosis of METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zheng
- Lab of Metabonomics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjia Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu province, China.
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41
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Chen S, Wei C, Gao P, Kong H, Jia Z, Hu C, Dai W, Wu Y, Xu G. Effect of Allium macrostemon on a rat model of depression studied by using plasma lipid and acylcarnitine profiles from liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 89:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Zheng P, Chen JJ, Huang T, Wang MJ, Wang Y, Dong MX, Huang YJ, Zhou LK, Xie P. A novel urinary metabolite signature for diagnosing major depressive disorder. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5904-11. [PMID: 24224655 DOI: 10.1021/pr400939q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating mental disorder. Yet, there are no objective biomarkers available to support diagnostic laboratory testing for this disease. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to urine metabolic profiling of 126 MDD and 134 control subjects. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to identify the differential metabolites in MDD subjects relative to healthy controls. The OPLS-DA analysis of data from training samples (82 first-episode, drug-naïve MDD subjects and 82 well-matched healthy controls) showed that the depressed group was significantly distinguishable from the control group. Totally, 23 differential urinary metabolites responsible for the discrimination between the two groups were identified. Postanalysis, 6 of the 23 metabolites (sorbitol, uric acid, azelaic acid, quinolinic acid, hippuric acid, and tyrosine) were defined as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for MDD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of combined levels of these six biomarkers yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.905 in distinguishing training samples; this simplified metabolite signature classified blinded test samples (44 MDD subjects and 52 healthy controls) with an AUC of 0.837. Furthermore, a composite panel by the addition of previously identified urine biomarker (N-methylnicotinamide) to this biomarker panel achieved a more satisfactory accuracy, yielding an AUC of 0.909 in the training samples and 0.917 in the test samples. Taken together, these results suggest this composite urinary metabolite signature should facilitate development of a urine-based diagnostic test for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, China
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43
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Zhu H, Bogdanov MB, Boyle SH, Matson W, Sharma S, Matson S, Churchill E, Fiehn O, Rush JA, Krishnan RR, Pickering E, Delnomdedieu M, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Pharmacometabolomics of response to sertraline and to placebo in major depressive disorder - possible role for methoxyindole pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68283. [PMID: 23874572 PMCID: PMC3714282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic response to selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) varies considerably among patients, and the onset of antidepressant therapeutic action is delayed until after 2 to 4 weeks of treatment. The objective of this study was to analyze changes within methoxyindole and kynurenine (KYN) branches of tryptophan pathway to determine whether differential regulation within these branches may contribute to mechanism of variation in response to treatment. Metabolomics approach was used to characterize early biochemical changes in tryptophan pathway and correlated biochemical changes with treatment outcome. Outpatients with MDD were randomly assigned to sertraline (n = 35) or placebo (n = 40) in a double-blind 4-week trial; response to treatment was measured using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD17). Targeted electrochemistry based metabolomic platform (LCECA) was used to profile serum samples from MDD patients. The response rate was slightly higher for sertraline than for placebo (21/35 [60%] vs. 20/40 [50%], respectively, χ2(1) = 0.75, p = 0.39). Patients showing a good response to sertraline had higher pretreatment levels of 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MTPM), greater reduction in 5-MTPM levels after treatment, an increase in 5-Methoxytryptophol (5-MTPOL) and Melatonin (MEL) levels, and decreases in the (KYN)/MEL and 3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-OHKY)/MEL ratios post-treatment compared to pretreatment. These changes were not seen in the patients showing poor response to sertraline. In the placebo group, more favorable treatment outcome was associated with increases in 5-MTPOL and MEL levels and significant decreases in the KYN/MEL and 3-OHKY/MEL; changes in 5-MTPM levels were not associated with the 4-week response. These results suggest that recovery from a depressed state due to treatment with drug or with placebo could be associated with preferential utilization of serotonin for production of melatonin and 5-MTPOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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44
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Swann JR, Spagou K, Lewis M, Nicholson JK, Glei DA, Seeman TE, Coe CL, Goldman N, Ryff CD, Weinstein M, Holmes E. Microbial-mammalian cometabolites dominate the age-associated urinary metabolic phenotype in Taiwanese and American populations. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3166-80. [PMID: 23701591 DOI: 10.1021/pr4000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic processes associated with aging is key to developing effective management and treatment strategies for age-related diseases. We investigated the metabolic profiles associated with age in a Taiwanese and an American population. ¹H NMR spectral profiles were generated for urine specimens collected from the Taiwanese Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS; n = 857; age 54-91 years) and the Mid-Life in the USA study (MIDUS II; n = 1148; age 35-86 years). Multivariate and univariate linear projection methods revealed some common age-related characteristics in urinary metabolite profiles in the American and Taiwanese populations, as well as some distinctive features. In both cases, two metabolites--4-cresyl sulfate (4CS) and phenylacetylglutamine (PAG)--were positively associated with age. In addition, creatine and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) were negatively correlated with age in both populations (p < 4 × 10⁻⁶). These age-associated gradients in creatine and HMB reflect decreasing muscle mass with age. The systematic increase in PAG and 4CS was confirmed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Both are products of concerted microbial-mammalian host cometabolism and indicate an age-related association with the balance of host-microbiome metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Swann
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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Denoroy L, Zimmer L, Renaud B, Parrot S. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography as a tool for the discovery and the analysis of biomarkers of diseases: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:37-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Lees HJ, Swann JR, Wilson ID, Nicholson JK, Holmes E. Hippurate: The Natural History of a Mammalian–Microbial Cometabolite. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1527-46. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300900b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Lees
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7
2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP,
United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Wilson
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7
2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7
2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7
2AZ, United Kingdom
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47
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Liu ZY. An introduction to hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography applied to drug metabolism studies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1627-1642. [PMID: 23280752 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism studies play an important role at various stages of drug discovery and development. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become a most powerful and widely used analytical tool for identifying drug metabolites. The suitability of different types of mass spectrometers for metabolite profiling differs widely, and therefore, the data quality and reliability of the results also depend on which instrumentation is used. As one of the latest LC/MS instrumentation designs, hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight MS coupled with LC (LC-IT-TOF-MS) has successfully integrated ease of operation, compatibility with LC flow rates and data-dependent MS(n) with high mass accuracy and mass resolving power. The MS(n) and accurate mass capabilities are routinely utilized to rapidly confirm the identification of expected metabolites or to elucidate the structures of uncommon or unexpected metabolites. These features make the LC-IT-TOF-MS a very powerful analytical tool for metabolite identification. This paper begins with a brief introduction to some basic principles and main properties of a hybrid IT-TOF instrument. Then, a general workflow for metabolite profiling using LC-IT-TOF-MS, starting from sample collection and preparation to final identification of the metabolite structures, is discussed in detail. The data extraction and mining techniques to find and confirm metabolites are discussed and illustrated with some examples. This paper is directed to readers with no prior experience with LC-IT-TOF-MS and will provide a broad understanding of the development and utility of this instrument for drug metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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48
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Zheng P, Wang Y, Chen L, Yang D, Meng H, Zhou D, Zhong J, Lei Y, Melgiri ND, Xie P. Identification and validation of urinary metabolite biomarkers for major depressive disorder. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 12:207-14. [PMID: 23111923 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.021816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread and debilitating mental disorder. However, there are no biomarkers available to aid in the diagnosis of this disorder. In this study, a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabonomic approach was employed to profile urine samples from 82 first-episode drug-naïve depressed subjects and 82 healthy controls (the training set) in order to identify urinary metabolite biomarkers for MDD. Then, 44 unselected depressed subjects and 52 healthy controls (the test set) were used to independently validate the diagnostic generalizability of these biomarkers. A panel of five urinary metabolite biomarkers-malonate, formate, N-methylnicotinamide, m-hydroxyphenylacetate, and alanine-was identified. This panel was capable of distinguishing depressed subjects from healthy controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81 in the training set. Moreover, this panel could classify blinded samples from the test set with an AUC of 0.89. These findings demonstrate that this urinary metabolite biomarker panel can aid in the future development of a urine-based diagnostic test for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China 400016
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49
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Chen J, Zhou L, Zhang X, Lu X, Cao R, Xu C, Xu G. Urinary hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolic profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods: Differential metabolite discovery specific to ovarian cancer. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3361-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian; P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian; P.R. China
| | | | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian; P.R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Dalian; Dalian Medical University; Dalian; P.R. China
| | | | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian; P.R. China
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50
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Zheng P, Gao HC, Li Q, Shao WH, Zhang ML, Cheng K, Yang DY, Fan SH, Chen L, Fang L, Xie P. Plasma metabonomics as a novel diagnostic approach for major depressive disorder. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1741-8. [PMID: 22239730 DOI: 10.1021/pr2010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a socially detrimental psychiatric disorder, contributing to increased healthcare expenditures and suicide rates. However, no empirical laboratory-based tests are available to support the diagnosis of MDD. In this study, a NMR-based plasma metabonomic method for the diagnosis of MDD was tested. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectra of plasma sampled from first-episode drug-naı̈ve depressed patients (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 42) were recorded and analyzed by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The OPLS-DA score plots of the spectra demonstrated that the depressed patient group was significantly distinguishable from the healthy control group. Moreover, the method accurately diagnosed blinded samples (n = 26) in an independent replication cohort with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.8% and 83.3%, respectively. Taken together, NMR-based plasma metabonomics may offer an accurate empirical laboratory-based method applicable to the diagnosis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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