1
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Theiss F, Lins J, Kergassner J, Wienands L, Döller S, Buntkowsky G. Two fields are better than one - A multifunctional (semi)automated setup for quantitative measurements of parahydrogen-induced signal enhancement at low and high fields. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 362:107673. [PMID: 38598990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) and its diverse array of applications highlights the critical need for enhanced signals in both 1H NMR and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Simultaneously, there is an increasing interest in utilizing benchtop NMR analysis across various laboratory settings. However, due to their lower magnetic fields, benchtop NMR spectrometers inherently produce weaker signal intensities. Here, PHIP is a well-established solution to this challenge. Consequently, we are expanding our cost-effective PHIP setup from a high-field NMR spectrometer (11.7 T) to include an additional benchtop NMR spectrometer (1.4 T), thereby enabling concurrent execution of PHIP experiments and measurements. Through the implementation of automated experimental protocols, we aim to minimize experiment time while increasing reproducibility. In this work, a non-isotope labelled propargyl alcohol sample is used at low concentrations to demonstrate our setup's capabilities. It could be shown that single-scan PASADENA experiments can be run with comparable signal enhancements at the benchtop as well as the high-field spectrometer. At 1.4 T, fully automated PHIP pseudo-2D measurements will also be demonstrated. Additionally, two different field profiles for the spin-order transfer of p-H2 to 13C at zero- to ultralow fields are elaborated upon. The setup facilitates the measurement of carbon signal enhancement of more than 2000 on the benchtop NMR spectrometer, employing a straightforward one-pulse, one-scan experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Kergassner
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sonja Döller
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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2
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Wang C, Zheng M, Hu M, Cai W, Chu Y, Wang Q, Xu J, Deng F. Unraveling Spatially Dependent Hydrophilicity and Reactivity of Confined Carbocation Intermediates during Methanol Conversion over ZSM-5 Zeolite. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8688-8696. [PMID: 38482699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbocations play a pivotal role as reactive intermediates in zeolite-catalyzed methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) transformations. However, the interaction between carbocations and water vapor and its subsequent effects on catalytic performance remain poorly understood. Using micro-magnetic resonance imaging (μMRI) and solid-state NMR techniques, this work investigates the hydrophilic behavior of cyclopentenyl cations within ZSM-5 pores under vapor conditions. We show that the polar cationic center of cyclopentenyl cations readily initiates water nucleus formation through water molecule capture. This leads to an inhomogeneous water adsorption gradient along the axial positions of zeolite, correlating with the spatial distribution of carbocation concentrations. The adsorbed water promotes deprotonation and aromatization of cyclopentenyl cations, significantly enhancing the aromatic product selectivity in MTH catalysis. These results reveal the important influence of adsorbed water in modulating the carbocation reactivity within confined zeolite pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingji Zheng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Min Hu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenjin Cai
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yueying Chu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Niknam M, Bouchard LS. Nuclear induction lineshape modeling via hybrid SDE and MD approach. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:124201. [PMID: 38127390 DOI: 10.1063/5.0163782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the nuclear free induction decay in the presence of a magnetic-field gradient was found to exhibit motional narrowing in gases upon heating, a behavior that is opposite to that observed in liquids. This has led to the revision of the theoretical framework to include a more detailed description of particle trajectories since decoherence mechanisms depend on histories. In the case of free diffusion and single components, the new model yields the correct temperature trends. The inclusion of boundaries in the current formalism is not straightforward. We present a hybrid SDE-MD (stochastic differential equation - molecular dynamics) approach whereby MD is used to compute an effective viscosity and the latter is fed to the SDE to predict the line shape. The theory is in agreement with the experiments. This two-scale approach, which bridges the gap between short (molecular collisions) and long (nuclear induction) timescales, paves the way for the modeling of complex environments with boundaries, mixtures of chemical species, and intermolecular potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Niknam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1059, USA and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1059, USA
| | - Louis-S Bouchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1059, USA and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1059, USA
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4
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Chen Z, Fan Q, Zhou J, Wang X, Huang M, Jiang H, Cölfen H. Toward Understanding the Formation Mechanism and OER Catalytic Mechanism of Hydroxides by In Situ and Operando Techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202309293. [PMID: 37650657 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and affordable electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant barrier that needs to be overcome for the practical applications of hydrogen production via water electrolysis, transforming CO2 to value-added chemicals, and metal-air batteries. Recently, hydroxides have shown promise as electrocatalysts for OER. In situ or operando techniques are particularly indispensable for monitoring the key intermediates together with understanding the reaction process, which is extremely important for revealing the formation/OER catalytic mechanism of hydroxides and preparing cost-effective electrocatalysts for OER. However, there is a lack of comprehensive discussion on the current status and challenges of studying these mechanisms using in situ or operando techniques, which hinders our ability to identify and address the obstacles present in this field. This review offers an overview of in situ or operando techniques, outlining their capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages. Recent findings related to the formation mechanism and OER catalytic mechanism of hydroxides revealed by in situ or operando techniques are also discussed in detail. Additionally, some current challenges in this field are concluded and appropriate solution strategies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkun Chen
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Current address: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der, Ruhr, Germany
| | - Qiqi Fan
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jian Zhou
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Xingkun Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Heqing Jiang
- Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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5
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Theiss F, Wienands L, Lins J, Alcaraz-Janßen M, Thiele CM, Buntkowsky G. Parahydrogen-induced polarization enables the single-scan NMR detection of a 236 kDa biopolymer at nanomolar concentrations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10117. [PMID: 37344547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments utilizing parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) were performed to elucidate the PHIP activity of the synthetic 236 kDa biopolymer poly-γ-(4-propargyloxy)-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PPOBLG). The homopolypeptide was successfully hyperpolarized and the enhanced signals were detected in 11.7 T solution NMR as a function of the PPOBLG concentration. The hydrogenation with parahydrogen caused signal enhancements of 800 and more for the vinyl protons of the side chain at low substrate concentration. As a result of this high enhancement factor, even at 13 nM of PPOBLG, a single scan 1H-NMR detection of the hyperpolarized protons was possible, owing to the combination of hyperpolarization and density of PHIP active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marcel Alcaraz-Janßen
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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6
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Pokochueva EV, Svyatova AI, Burueva DB, Koptyug IV. Chemistry of nuclear spin isomers of the molecules: from the past of the Universe to emerging technologies. Russ Chem Bull 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-023-3711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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7
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Buntkowsky G, Theiss F, Lins J, Miloslavina YA, Wienands L, Kiryutin A, Yurkovskaya A. Recent advances in the application of parahydrogen in catalysis and biochemistry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12477-12506. [PMID: 35480380 PMCID: PMC9039419 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are analytical and diagnostic tools that are essential for a very broad field of applications, ranging from chemical analytics, to non-destructive testing of materials and the investigation of molecular dynamics, to in vivo medical diagnostics and drug research. One of the major challenges in their application to many problems is the inherent low sensitivity of magnetic resonance, which results from the small energy-differences of the nuclear spin-states. At thermal equilibrium at room temperature the normalized population difference of the spin-states, called the Boltzmann polarization, is only on the order of 10-5. Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, which has widespread applications in Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Medical Imaging. PHIP creates its signal-enhancements by means of a reversible (SABRE) or irreversible (classic PHIP) chemical reaction between the parahydrogen, a catalyst, and a substrate. Here, we first give a short overview about parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization techniques and then review the current literature on method developments and applications of various flavors of the PHIP experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yuliya A Miloslavina
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alexey Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Alexandra Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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8
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Tang Y, Li Y, Feng Tao F. Activation and catalytic transformation of methane under mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:376-423. [PMID: 34904592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, worldwide scientists have been motivated by the promising production of chemicals from the widely existing methane (CH4) under mild conditions for both chemical synthesis with low energy consumption and climate remediation. To achieve this goal, a whole library of catalytic chemistries of transforming CH4 to various products under mild conditions is required to be developed. Worldwide scientists have made significant efforts to reach this goal. These significant efforts have demonstrated the feasibility of oxidation of CH4 to value-added intermediate compounds including but not limited to CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH, and CH3COOH under mild conditions. The fundamental understanding of these chemical and catalytic transformations of CH4 under mild conditions have been achieved to some extent, although currently neither a catalyst nor a catalytic process can be used for chemical production under mild conditions at a large scale. In the academic community, over ten different reactions have been developed for converting CH4 to different types of oxygenates under mild conditions in terms of a relatively low activation or catalysis temperature. However, there is still a lack of a molecular-level understanding of the activation and catalysis processes performed in extremely complex reaction environments under mild conditions. This article reviewed the fundamental understanding of these activation and catalysis achieved so far. Different oxidative activations of CH4 or catalytic transformations toward chemical production under mild conditions were reviewed in parallel, by which the trend of developing catalysts for a specific reaction was identified and insights into the design of these catalysts were gained. As a whole, this review focused on discussing profound insights gained through endeavors of scientists in this field. It aimed to present a relatively complete picture for the activation and catalytic transformations of CH4 to chemicals under mild conditions. Finally, suggestions of potential explorations for the production of chemicals from CH4 under mild conditions were made. The facing challenges to achieve high yield of ideal products were highlighted and possible solutions to tackle them were briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Institute of Molecular Catalysis and In situ/operando Studies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350000, China.
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
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9
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Pokochueva EV, Burueva DB, Salnikov OG, Koptyug IV. Heterogeneous Catalysis and Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1421-1440. [PMID: 33969590 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization with heterogeneous catalysts (HET-PHIP) has been a subject of extensive research in the last decade since its first observation in 2007. While NMR signal enhancements obtained with such catalysts are currently below those achieved with transition metal complexes in homogeneous hydrogenations in solution, this relatively new field demonstrates major prospects for a broad range of advanced fundamental and practical applications, from providing catalyst-free hyperpolarized fluids for biomedical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to exploring mechanisms of industrially important heterogeneous catalytic processes. This review covers the evolution of the heterogeneous catalysts used for PHIP observation, from metal complexes immobilized on solid supports to bulk metals and single-atom catalysts and discusses the general visions for maximizing the obtained NMR signal enhancements using HET-PHIP. Various practical applications of HET-PHIP, both for catalytic studies and for potential production of hyperpolarized contrast agents for MRI, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Pokochueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dudari B Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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10
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Ridder H, Sinn C, Pesch GR, Ilsemann J, Dreher W, Thöming J. A large fixed bed reactor for MRI operando experiments at elevated temperature and pressure. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:043711. [PMID: 34243384 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, in situ studies using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have shown the possibility to monitor local transport phenomena of gas-phase reactions inside opaque structures. Their application to heterogeneously catalyzed reactions remains challenging due to inherent temperature and pressure constraints. In this work, an NMR-compatible reactor was designed, manufactured, and tested, which can endure high temperatures and increased pressure. In temperature and pressure tests, the reactor withstood pressures up to 28 bars at room temperature and temperatures over 400 °C and exhibited only little magnetic shielding. Its applicability was demonstrated by performing the CO2 methanation reaction, which was measured operando for the first time by using a 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging sequence. The reactor design is described in detail, allowing its easy adaptation for different chemical reactions and other NMR measurements under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Ridder
- Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), Faculty of Production Engineering (FB 4), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christoph Sinn
- Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), Faculty of Production Engineering (FB 4), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Georg R Pesch
- Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), Faculty of Production Engineering (FB 4), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan Ilsemann
- Faculty of Chemistry (FB 2), Institute of Applied Physical and Chemistry (IAPC), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dreher
- In vivo MR Group, Faculty of Chemistry (FB 2), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering (CVT), Faculty of Production Engineering (FB 4), University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kärger
- Universität Leipzig Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften Linnéstraße 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
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12
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13
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Abstract
AbstractLabeling in diffusion measurements by pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR is based on the observation of the phase of nuclear spins acquired in a constant magnetic field with purposefully superimposed field gradients. This labeling does in no way affect microdynamics and provides information about the probability distribution of molecular displacements as a function of time. An introduction of the measuring principle is followed by a detailed description of the ranges of measurements and their limitation. Particular emphasis is given to an explanation of possible pitfalls in the measurements and the ways to circumvent them. Showcases presented for illustrating the wealth of information provided by PFG NMR include a survey on the various patterns of concentration dependence of intra-particle diffusion and examples of transport inhibition by additional transport resistances within the nanoporous particles and on their external surface. The latter information is attained by combination with the outcome of tracer exchange experiments, which are shown to become possible via a special formalism of PFG NMR data analysis. Further evidence provided by PFG NMR concerns diffusion enhancement in pore hierarchies, diffusion anisotropy and the impact of diffusion on chemical conversion in porous catalysts. A compilation of the specifics of PFG NMR and of the parallels with other measurement techniques concludes the paper.
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14
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Pokochueva E, Burueva DB, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov AV, Gladky AY, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Bukhtiyarov VI. Mechanistic in situ investigation of heterogeneous hydrogenation over Rh/TiO2 catalysts: selectivity, pairwise route and catalyst nature. Faraday Discuss 2021; 229:161-175. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a catalyst with the highest selectivity toward pairwise hydrogen addition of 7% among supported metal catalysts, found as a result of variation of Rh/TiO2 catalyst preparation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Pokochueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Dudari B. Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Larisa M. Kovtunova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- 630090 Novosibirsk
| | - Andrey V. Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- 630090 Novosibirsk
| | | | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS
| | - Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- 630090 Novosibirsk
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15
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Burueva DB, Eills J, Blanchard JW, Garcon A, Picazo‐Frutos R, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Budker D. Chemical Reaction Monitoring using Zero‐Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enables Study of Heterogeneous Samples in Metal Containers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dudari B. Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - James Eills
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
| | - John W. Blanchard
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
| | - Román Picazo‐Frutos
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging International Tomography Center 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 55128 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University 55090 Mainz Germany
- University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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16
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Burueva DB, Eills J, Blanchard JW, Garcon A, Picazo‐Frutos R, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Budker D. Chemical Reaction Monitoring using Zero-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enables Study of Heterogeneous Samples in Metal Containers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17026-17032. [PMID: 32510813 PMCID: PMC7540358 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that heterogeneous/biphasic chemical reactions can be monitored with high spectroscopic resolution using zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This is possible because magnetic susceptibility broadening is negligible at ultralow magnetic fields. We show the two-step hydrogenation of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with para-enriched hydrogen gas in conventional glass NMR tubes, as well as in a titanium tube. The low frequency zero-field NMR signals ensure that there is no significant signal attenuation arising from shielding by the electrically conductive sample container. This method paves the way for in situ monitoring of reactions in complex heterogeneous multiphase systems and in reactors made of conductive materials while maintaining resolution and chemical specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudari B. Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingInternational Tomography Center630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - James Eills
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - John W. Blanchard
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
| | - Antoine Garcon
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - Román Picazo‐Frutos
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingInternational Tomography Center630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance MicroimagingInternational Tomography Center630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH55128MainzGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
- University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
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17
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Golubina EV, Lokteva ES, Kavalerskaya NE, Maslakov KI. Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Efficiency of Ni/Al2O3 in the Hydrodechlorination Reaction. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s002315842003012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Kovtunov KV, Salnikov OG, Skovpin IV, Chukanov NV, Burueva DB, Koptyug IV. Catalytic hydrogenation with parahydrogen: a bridge from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2020-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the essential themes in modern catalysis is that of bridging the gap between its homogeneous and heterogeneous counterparts to combine their individual advantages and overcome shortcomings. One more incentive can now be added to the list, namely the ability of transition metal complexes to provide strong nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal enhancement upon their use in homogeneous hydrogenations of unsaturated compounds with parahydrogen in solution. The addition of both H atoms of a parahydrogen molecule to the same substrate, a prerequisite for such effects, is implemented naturally with metal complexes that operate via the formation of a dihydride intermediate, but not with most heterogeneous catalysts. Despite that, it has been demonstrated in recent years that various types of heterogeneous catalysts are able to perform the required pairwise H2 addition at least to some extent. This has opened a major gateway for developing highly sensitive and informative tools for mechanistic studies of heterogeneous hydrogenations and other processes involving H2. Besides, production of catalyst-free fluids with NMR signals enhanced by 3-4 orders of magnitude is essential for modern applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including biomedical research and practice. The ongoing efforts to design heterogeneous catalysts which can implement the homogeneous (pairwise) hydrogenation mechanism are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center , SB RAS , Institutskaya St. 3A , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 1 , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center , SB RAS , Institutskaya St. 3A , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 1 , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis , SB RAS , 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - Ivan V. Skovpin
- International Tomography Center , SB RAS , Institutskaya St. 3A , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 1 , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis , SB RAS , 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center , SB RAS , Institutskaya St. 3A , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 1 , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - Dudari B. Burueva
- International Tomography Center , SB RAS , Institutskaya St. 3A , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 1 , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center , SB RAS , Institutskaya St. 3A , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 1 , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis , SB RAS , 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. , Novosibirsk, 630090 , Russia
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19
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Abstract
AbstractMeasurement of molecular diffusion in nanoporous host materials, which are typically inhomogeneous and anisotropic, often involves an intricate web of factors and relations to be taken into account since the associated diffusivities are a function of the diffusion path of the guest molecules during a given observation time. Depending on the observation time, therefore, the result of the experimental measurement can point to completely different conclusions about the underlying diffusion phenomena. The risk of misinterpretation of the experimental data, by correlating them with irrelevant phenomena, may be reduced if there is an option to compare the data with the results of totally independent measurements. The present communication addresses this issue with reference to the particular potentials of pulsed field gradient NMR and microimaging by infrared microscopy as techniques of microscopic diffusion measurement.
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20
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Ternero-Hidalgo JJ, Guerrero-Pérez MO, Rodríguez-Mirasol J, Cordero T, Bañares MA, Portela R, Bazin P, Clet G, Daturi M. Operando Reactor-Cell with Simultaneous Transmission FTIR and Raman Characterization (IRRaman) for the Study of Gas-Phase Reactions with Solid Catalysts. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5100-5106. [PMID: 32153187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Raman and transmission FTIR spectroscopic techniques have been coupled in a new homemade reactor-cell designed in a joint CSIC-LCS collaboration. The setup is easily adapted to any FTIR and fiber-coupled Raman spectrometers and gas analysis techniques. It allows for simultaneous operando FTIR and Raman spectroscopic measurement, which provide complementary characterization of adsorbed species, reaction intermediates, and structural properties of the catalyst. This system was validated with the study of vanadium-based catalysts during propane oxydehydrogenation (ODH). The combined use of both spectroscopies with gas analysis techniques to measure the activity contributes to the understanding of propane ODH and the identification of the role of different oxygen species bound to vanadium sites. For example, the simultaneous characterization of the catalyst under the same conditions by IR and Raman confirms that the V═O mode has the same frequency in both spectroscopies and that bridging oxygen sites (V-O-V, V-O-Zr) present higher activity than terminal V═O bonds. These results demonstrate the high potential of the new simultaneous transmission IR-Raman operando rig to correlate the activity and the structure of catalysts, thus assisting the rational design of catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomás Cordero
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Quı́mica, Universidad de Málaga, E29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Bañares
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquı́mica, CSIC, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Portela
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquı́mica, CSIC, E28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Bazin
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCS, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Guillaume Clet
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCS, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Marco Daturi
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCS, 14000 Caen, France
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21
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Bolivar JM, Nidetzky B. The Microenvironment in Immobilized Enzymes: Methods of Characterization and Its Role in Determining Enzyme Performance. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193460. [PMID: 31554193 PMCID: PMC6803829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liquid milieu in which enzymes operate when they are immobilized in solid materials can be quite different from the milieu in bulk solution. Important differences are in the substrate and product concentration but also in pH and ionic strength. The internal milieu for immobilized enzymes is affected by the chemical properties of the solid material and by the interplay of reaction and diffusion. Enzyme performance is influenced by the internal milieu in terms of catalytic rate (“activity”) and stability. Elucidation, through direct measurement of differences in the internal as compared to the bulk milieu is, therefore, fundamentally important in the mechanistic characterization of immobilized enzymes. The deepened understanding thus acquired is critical for the rational development of immobilized enzyme preparations with optimized properties. Herein we review approaches by opto-chemical sensing to determine the internal milieu of enzymes immobilized in porous particles. We describe analytical principles applied to immobilized enzymes and focus on the determination of pH and the O2 concentration. We show measurements of pH and [O2] with spatiotemporal resolution, using in operando analysis for immobilized preparations of industrially important enzymes. The effect of concentration gradients between solid particle and liquid bulk on enzyme performance is made evident and quantified. Besides its use in enzyme characterization, the method can be applied to the development of process control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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22
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Leutzsch M, Sederman AJ, Gladden LF, Mantle MD. In situ reaction monitoring in heterogeneous catalysts by a benchtop NMR spectrometer. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 56:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Svyatova AI, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. Magnetic resonance imaging of catalytically relevant processes. REV CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The main aim of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilization in heterogeneous catalysis. MRI is capable to provide very useful information about both living and nonliving objects in a noninvasive way. The studies of an internal heterogeneous reactor structure by MRI help to understand the mass transport and chemical processes inside the working catalytic reactor that can significantly improve its efficiency. However, one of the serious disadvantages of MRI is low sensitivity, and this obstacle dramatically limits possible MRI application. Fortunately, there are hyperpolarization methods that eliminate this problem. Parahydrogen-induced polarization approach, for instance, can increase the nuclear magnetic resonance signal intensity by four to five orders of magnitude; moreover, the obtained polarization can be stored in long-lived spin states and then transferred into an observable signal in MRI. An in-depth account of the studies on both thermal and hyperpolarized MRI for the investigation of heterogeneous catalytic processes is provided in this review as part of the special issue emphasizing the research performed to date in Russia/USSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I. Svyatova
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) , Institutskaya St. 3A , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 1 , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) , Institutskaya St. 3A , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 1 , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) , Institutskaya St. 3A , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 1 , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
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24
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Portela R, Perez-Ferreras S, Serrano-Lotina A, Bañares MA. Engineering operando methodology: Understanding catalysis in time and space. Front Chem Sci Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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3D characterization of gas phase reactors with regularly and irregularly structured monolithic catalysts by NMR imaging and modeling. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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27
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Spitzbarth M, Scherer A, Schachtschneider A, Imming P, Polarz S, Drescher M. Time-, spectral- and spatially resolved EPR spectroscopy enables simultaneous monitoring of diffusion of different guest molecules in nano-pores. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 283:45-51. [PMID: 28881232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion in porous materials is under ongoing active investigation due to its major role in practical applications such as catalysis and chromatography. The complexity of these systems limits the use of the Einstein-Stokes diffusion theory, and it must be distinguished between the microscopic scale of diffusion at a molecular level, which is sensitive to the local surroundings of a diffusing molecule, and the macroscopic scale which takes into account diffusion spanning multiple pores, grain boundaries and inhomogeneity within the material. Here, we employ an in situ approach for quantitative measurements of the diffusion on a macroscopic length scale. For the first time, full time-resolved spectral spatial EPR imaging in combination with the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) allows the simultaneous observation of the diffusion of two different molecular species inside of an aerogel in a single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Spitzbarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Scherer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Peter Imming
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Polarz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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28
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Penn A, Tsuji T, Brunner DO, Boyce CM, Pruessmann KP, Müller CR. Real-time probing of granular dynamics with magnetic resonance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701879. [PMID: 28929140 PMCID: PMC5600527 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Granular dynamics govern earthquakes, avalanches, and landslides and are of fundamental importance in a variety of industries ranging from energy to pharmaceuticals to agriculture. Nonetheless, our understanding of the underlying physics is poor because we lack spatially and temporally resolved experimental measurements of internal grain motion. We introduce a magnetic resonance imaging methodology that provides internal granular velocity measurements that are four orders of magnitude faster compared to previous work. The technique is based on a concerted interplay of scan acceleration and materials engineering. Real-time probing of granular dynamics is explored in single- and two-phase systems, providing fresh insight into bubble dynamics and the propagation of shock waves upon impact of an intruder. We anticipate that the methodology outlined here will enable advances in understanding the propagation of seismic activity, the jamming transition, or the rheology and dynamics of dense suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Penn
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 27, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takuya Tsuji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - David O. Brunner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher M. Boyce
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 27, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P. Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph R. Müller
- Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Leonhardstrasse 27, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Discrimination of 1,1-difluoroethylene nuclear spin isomers in the presence of non-adiabatic coupling terms. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Britton MM. MRI of chemical reactions and processes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 101:51-70. [PMID: 28844221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can spatially resolve a wealth of molecular information available from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), it is able to non-invasively visualise the composition, properties and reactions of a broad range of spatially-heterogeneous molecular systems. Hence, MRI is increasingly finding applications in the study of chemical reactions and processes in a diverse range of environments and technologies. This article will explain the basic principles of MRI and how it can be used to visualise chemical composition and molecular properties, providing an overview of the variety of information available. Examples are drawn from the disciplines of chemistry, chemical engineering, environmental science, physics, electrochemistry and materials science. The review introduces a range of techniques used to produce image contrast, along with the chemical and molecular insight accessible through them. Methods for mapping the distribution of chemical species, using chemical shift imaging or spatially-resolved spectroscopy, are reviewed, as well as methods for visualising physical state, temperature, current density, flow velocities and molecular diffusion. Strategies for imaging materials with low signal intensity, such as those containing gases or low sensitivity nuclei, using compressed sensing, para-hydrogen or polarisation transfer, are discussed. Systems are presented which encapsulate the diversity of chemical and physical parameters observable by MRI, including one- and two-phase flow in porous media, chemical pattern formation, phase transformations and hydrodynamic (fingering) instabilities. Lastly, the emerging area of electrochemical MRI is discussed, with studies presented on the visualisation of electrochemical deposition and dissolution processes during corrosion and the operation of batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Britton
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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31
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Salnikov OG, Burueva DB, Gerasimov EY, Bukhtiyarov AV, Khudorozhkov AK, Prosvirin IP, Kovtunova LM, Barskiy DA, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. The effect of oxidative and reductive treatments of titania-supported metal catalysts on the pairwise hydrogen addition to unsaturated hydrocarbons. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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32
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Yin J, Li C, Chen D, Yang J, Liu H, Hu W, Shao Y. Structure and dysprosium dopant engineering of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles for enhanced dual-modal magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5366-5376. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06712c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel multi-functional nanoarchitecture of Gd2O3:Dy3+ shell on silica core that enables unique multi-color living cell imaging and remarkable in vivo magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchang Yin
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Chaorui Li
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Deqi Chen
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Wenyong Hu
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Shao
- School of Physics
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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33
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Barskiy DA, Salnikov OG, Shchepin RV, Feldman MA, Coffey AM, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. NMR SLIC Sensing of Hydrogenation Reactions Using Parahydrogen in Low Magnetic Fields. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:29098-29106. [PMID: 28066517 PMCID: PMC5204359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is an NMR hyperpolarization technique that increases nuclear spin polarization by orders of magnitude, and it is particularly well-suited to study hydrogenation reactions. However, the use of high-field NMR spectroscopy is not always possible, especially in the context of potential industrial-scale reactor applications. On the other hand, the direct low-field NMR detection of reaction products with enhanced nuclear spin polarization is challenging due to near complete signal cancellation from nascent parahydrogen protons. We show that hydrogenation products prepared by PHIP can be irradiated with weak (on the order of spin-spin couplings of a few hertz) alternating magnetic field (called Spin-Lock Induced Crossing or SLIC) and consequently efficiently detected at low magnetic field (e.g., 0.05 T used here) using examples of several types of organic molecules containing a vinyl moiety. The detected hyperpolarized signals from several reaction products at tens of millimolar concentrations were enhanced by 10000-fold, producing NMR signals an order of magnitude greater than the background signal from protonated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A. Barskiy
- Vanderbilt
University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International
Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt
University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Matthew A. Feldman
- Vanderbilt
University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Aaron M. Coffey
- Vanderbilt
University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International
Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International
Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt
University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Srour M, Hadjiali S, Sauer G, Brunnengräber K, Breitzke H, Xu Y, Weidler H, Limbach HH, Gutmann T, Buntkowsky G. Synthesis and Solid-State NMR Characterization of a Robust, Pyridyl-Based Immobilized Wilkinson's Type Catalyst with High Catalytic Performance. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Srour
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sara Hadjiali
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Grit Sauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Kai Brunnengräber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hergen Breitzke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yeping Xu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Heiko Weidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 17195 Berlin Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Liu Y, Zhan H, Yao K, Mai Y, Wang E, He J, Guo P. Magnetic Supported Copper Nanoparticles: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,2-Diketones by Cross-Coupling Reaction of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with Methyl Ketones. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; 528458 Zhongshan P. R. China
| | - Haiying Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; 528458 Zhongshan P. R. China
| | - Kefan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; 528458 Zhongshan P. R. China
| | - Yingying Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; 528458 Zhongshan P. R. China
| | - Enmin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; 528458 Zhongshan P. R. China
| | - Juan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; 528458 Zhongshan P. R. China
| | - Pengfeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; 528458 Zhongshan P. R. China
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Han T, Li X, Lin C, Zhang H, Gao P, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Sun Y. 3 D Imaging and Structural Analysis of a Mesoporous-Silica-Body-Supported Eggshell Cobalt Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.99 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; No.100 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19 A Yuquan Rd Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.99 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
| | - Chao Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.99 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.99 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.99 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.99 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
| | - Fuping Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.99 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
| | - Yuyun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.99 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; No.99 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; No.100 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 P.R. China
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Kovtunov KV, Salnikov OG, Zhivonitko VV, Skovpin IV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Koptyug IV. Catalysis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal Enhancement with Parahydrogen. Top Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-016-0688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bolivar JM, Eisl I, Nidetzky B. Advanced characterization of immobilized enzymes as heterogeneous biocatalysts. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. Production of Catalyst-Free Hyperpolarised Ethanol Aqueous Solution via Heterogeneous Hydrogenation with Parahydrogen. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13930. [PMID: 26349543 PMCID: PMC4642547 DOI: 10.1038/srep13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An experimental approach for the production of catalyst-free hyperpolarised ethanol solution in water via heterogeneous hydrogenation of vinyl acetate with parahydrogen and the subsequent hydrolysis of ethyl acetate was demonstrated. For an efficient hydrogenation, liquid vinyl acetate was transferred to the gas phase by parahydrogen bubbling and almost completely converted to ethyl acetate with Rh/TiO2 catalyst. Subsequent dissolution of ethyl acetate gas in water containing OH(-) ions led to the formation of catalyst- and organic solvent-free hyperpolarised ethanol and sodium acetate. These results represent the first demonstration of catalyst- and organic solvent-free hyperpolarised ethanol production achieved by heterogeneous hydrogenation of vinyl acetate vapour with parahydrogen and the subsequent ethyl acetate hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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42
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Groppo E, Seenivasan K, Gallo E, Sommazzi A, Lamberti C, Bordiga S. Activation and In Situ Ethylene Polymerization on Silica-Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Kalaivani Seenivasan
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Erik Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Sommazzi
- Versalis − Novara Research Center, Istituto Eni Donegani, Via Fauser, 4, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and CrisDi Centre, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Southern Federal University, Zorge Street 5, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
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Zhou S, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Mechanistic aspects of the gas-phase coupling of thioanisole and chlorobenzene to dibenzothiophene catalyzed by atomic Ho(+). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9564-8. [PMID: 25765339 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic aspects of the novel gas-phase generation of dibenzothiophene via coupling of thioanisole and chlorobenzene, employing atomic Ho(+) as a catalyst, have been investigated using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Gutmann T, Liu J, Rothermel N, Xu Y, Jaumann E, Werner M, Breitzke H, Sigurdsson ST, Buntkowsky G. Natural abundance 15N NMR by dynamic nuclear polarization: fast analysis of binding sites of a novel amine-carboxyl-linked immobilized dirhodium catalyst. Chemistry 2015; 21:3798-805. [PMID: 25620003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel heterogeneous dirhodium catalyst has been synthesized. This stable catalyst is constructed from dirhodium acetate dimer (Rh2(OAc)4) units, which are covalently linked to amine- and carboxyl-bifunctionalized mesoporous silica (SBA-15-NH2-COOH). It shows good efficiency in catalyzing the cyclopropanation reaction of styrene and ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) forming cis- and trans-1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-phenylcyclopropane. To characterize the structure of this catalyst and to confirm the successful immobilization, heteronuclear solid-state NMR experiments have been performed. The high application potential of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR for the analysis of binding sites in this novel catalyst is demonstrated. Signal-enhanced (13)C CP MAS and (15)N CP MAS techniques have been employed to detect different carboxyl and amine binding sites in natural abundance on a fast time scale. The interpretation of the experimental chemical shift values for different binding sites has been corroborated by quantum chemical calculations on dirhodium model complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Gutmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany).
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45
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Kovtunov KV, Truong ML, Barskiy D, Salnikov OG, Bukhtiyarov V, Coffey AM, Waddell KW, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Propane- d6 Heterogeneously Hyperpolarized by Parahydrogen. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2014; 118:28234-28243. [PMID: 25506406 PMCID: PMC4259496 DOI: 10.1021/jp508719n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived spin states of hyperpolarized propane-d6 gas were demonstrated following pairwise addition of parahydrogen gas to propene-d6 using heterogeneous parahydrogen-induced polarization (HET-PHIP). Hyperpolarized molecules were synthesized using Rh/TiO2 solid catalyst with 1.6 nm Rh nanoparticles. Hyperpolarized (PH ∼ 1%) propane-d6 was detected at high magnetic field (9.4 T) spectroscopically and by high-resolution 3D gradient-echo MRI (4.7 T) as the gas flowed through the radiofrequency coil with a spatial and temporal resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm3 and 17.7 s, respectively. Stopped-flow hyperpolarized propane-d6 gas was also detected at 0.0475 T with an observed nuclear spin polarization of PH ∼ 0.1% and a relatively long lifetime with T1,eff = 6.0 ± 0.3 s. Importantly, it was shown that the hyperpolarized protons of the deuterated product obtained via pairwise parahydrogen addition could be detected directly at low magnetic field. Importantly, the relatively long low-field T1,eff of HP propane-d6 gas is not susceptible to paramagnetic impurities as tested by exposure to ∼0.2 atm oxygen. This long lifetime and nontoxic nature of propane gas could be useful for bioimaging applications including potentially pulmonary low-field MRI. The feasibility of high-resolution low-field 2D gradient-echo MRI was demonstrated with 0.88 × 0.88 mm2 spatial and ∼0.7 s temporal resolution, respectively, at 0.0475 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International
Tomography Center, 3A
Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 2 Pirogova
St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- E-mail:
| | - Milton L. Truong
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department
of Radiology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer
Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Danila
A. Barskiy
- International
Tomography Center, 3A
Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 2 Pirogova
St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International
Tomography Center, 3A
Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 2 Pirogova
St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Valery
I. Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov
Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aaron M. Coffey
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department
of Radiology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer
Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Kevin W. Waddell
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department
of Radiology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer
Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International
Tomography Center, 3A
Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk
State University, 2 Pirogova
St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Institute of Imaging Science, Department
of Radiology, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer
Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- E-mail:
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Ananikov VP, Khemchyan LL, Ivanova YV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Sorokin AM, Prosvirin IP, Vatsadze SZ, Medved'ko AV, Nuriev VN, Dilman AD, Levin VV, Koptyug IV, Kovtunov KV, Zhivonitko VV, Likholobov VA, Romanenko AV, Simonov PA, Nenajdenko VG, Shmatova OI, Muzalevskiy VM, Nechaev MS, Asachenko AF, Morozov OS, Dzhevakov PB, Osipov SN, Vorobyeva DV, Topchiy MA, Zotova MA, Ponomarenko SA, Borshchev OV, Luponosov YN, Rempel AA, Valeeva AA, Stakheev AY, Turova OV, Mashkovsky IS, Sysolyatin SV, Malykhin VV, Bukhtiyarova GA, Terent'ev AO, Krylov IB. Development of new methods in modern selective organic synthesis: preparation of functionalized molecules with atomic precision. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v83n10abeh004471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Progress towards five dimensional diffraction imaging of functional materials under process conditions. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Buntkowsky G, Gutmann T, Petrova MV, Ivanov KL, Bommerich U, Plaumann M, Bernarding J. Dipolar induced para-hydrogen-induced polarization. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2014; 63-64:20-29. [PMID: 25218522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Analytical expressions for the signal enhancement in solid-state PHIP NMR spectroscopy mediated by homonuclear dipolar interactions and single pulse or spin-echo excitation are developed and simulated numerically. It is shown that an efficient enhancement of the proton NMR signal in solid-state NMR studies of chemisorbed hydrogen on surfaces is possible. Employing typical reaction efficacy, enhancement-factors of ca. 30-40 can be expected both under ALTADENA and under PASADENA conditions. This result has important consequences for the practical application of the method, since it potentially allows the design of an in-situ flow setup, where the para-hydrogen is adsorbed and desorbed from catalyst surfaces inside the NMR magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marina V Petrova
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ute Bommerich
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Dept. of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Bernarding
- Dept. of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Shi F, Coffey AM, Waddell KW, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM. Heterogeneous solution NMR signal amplification by reversible exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7495-8. [PMID: 24889730 PMCID: PMC6284233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel variant of an iridium-based organometallic catalyst was synthesized and used to enhance the NMR signals of pyridine in a heterogeneous phase by immobilization on polymer microbead solid supports. Upon administration of parahydrogen (pH2) gas to a methanol mixture containing the HET-SABRE catalyst particles and the pyridine, up to fivefold enhancements were observed in the (1)H NMR spectra after sample transfer to high field (9.4 T). Importantly, enhancements were not due to any residual catalyst molecules in solution, thus supporting the true heterogeneity of the SABRE process. Further significant improvements may be expected by systematic optimization of experimental parameters. Moreover, the heterogeneous catalyst is easy to separate and recycle, thus opening a door to future potential applications varying from spectroscopic studies of catalysis, to imaging metabolites in the body without concern of contamination from expensive and potentially toxic metal catalysts or accompanying organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
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