1
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Venrooij KR, de Bondt L, Bonger KM. Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions: Selective Chemistries for Labeling Multiple Biomolecules Simultaneously. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:24. [PMID: 38971884 PMCID: PMC11227474 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal click chemistry has played a transformative role in many research fields, including chemistry, biology, and medicine. Click reactions are crucial to produce increasingly complex bioconjugates, to visualize and manipulate biomolecules in living systems and for various applications in bioengineering and drug delivery. As biological (model) systems grow more complex, researchers have an increasing need for using multiple orthogonal click reactions simultaneously. In this review, we will introduce the most common bioorthogonal reactions and discuss their orthogonal use on the basis of their mechanism and electronic or steric tuning. We provide an overview of strategies to create reaction orthogonality and show recent examples of mutual orthogonal chemistry used for simultaneous biomolecule labeling. We end by discussing some considerations for the type of chemistry needed for labeling biomolecules in a system of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Venrooij
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne de Bondt
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Svatunek D. Computational Organic Chemistry: The Frontier for Understanding and Designing Bioorthogonal Cycloadditions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:17. [PMID: 38727989 PMCID: PMC11087259 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Computational organic chemistry has become a valuable tool in the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, offering insights and aiding in the progression of this branch of chemistry. In this review, I present an overview of computational work in this field, including an exploration of both the primary computational analysis methods used and their application in the main areas of bioorthogonal chemistry: (3 + 2) and [4 + 2] cycloadditions. In the context of (3 + 2) cycloadditions, detailed studies of electronic effects have informed the evolution of cycloalkyne/1,3-dipole cycloadditions. Through computational techniques, researchers have found ways to adjust the electronic structure via hyperconjugation to enhance reactions without compromising stability. For [4 + 2] cycloadditions, methods such as distortion/interaction analysis and energy decomposition analysis have been beneficial, leading to the development of bioorthogonal reactants with improved reactivity and the creation of orthogonal reaction pairs. To conclude, I touch upon the emerging fields of cheminformatics and machine learning, which promise to play a role in future reaction discovery and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Noël N, Martinez A, Massicot F, Vasse JL, Behr JB. Kinetics of Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Nitrone Cycloadditions (SPANC) with Unprotected Carbohydrate Scaffolded Nitrones. Org Lett 2024; 26:3917-3922. [PMID: 38690807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The use of unprotected carbohydrate-derived nitrones as partners in strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloadditions was investigated as a new tool for bioconjugation. The observed second-order reactions displayed rate constants of 3.4 × 10-4-5.8 × 10-2 M-1 s-1, which is the common order of magnitude of reaction kinetics with other simple aliphatic or aromatic nitrones. Applicability of this method to aqueous media was demonstrated by performing a one-pot protocol, which combines sequential formation of the nitrone and cycloaddition with cyclooctyne in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Noël
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7312, ICMR, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Agathe Martinez
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7312, ICMR, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Fabien Massicot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7312, ICMR, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7312, ICMR, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Behr
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7312, ICMR, 51687 Reims, France
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4
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Májek M, Trtúšek M. Discovery of new tetrazines for bioorthogonal reactions with strained alkenes via computational chemistry. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4345-4351. [PMID: 38304564 PMCID: PMC10828936 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08712c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrazines are widely employed reagents in bioorthogonal chemistry, as they react readily with strained alkenes in inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions, allowing for selective labeling of biomacromolecules. For optimal performance, tetrazine reagents have to react readily with strained alkenes, while remaining inert against nucleophiles like thiols. Balancing these conditions is a challenge, as reactivity towards strained alkenes and nucleophiles is governed by the same factor - the energy of unoccupied orbitals of tetrazine. Herein, we utilize computational chemistry to screen a set of tetrazine derivatives, aiming to identify structural elements responsible for a better ratio of reactivity with strained alkenes vs. stability against nucleophiles. This advantageous trait is present in sulfone- and sulfoxide-substituted tetrazines. In the end, the distortion/interaction model helped us to identify that the reason behind this enhanced reactivity profile is a secondary orbital interaction between the strained alkene and sulfone-/sulfoxide-substituted tetrazine. This insight can be used to design new tetrazines for bioorthogonal chemistry with improved reactivity/stability profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Májek
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Matej Trtúšek
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
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5
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Suzuki H, Akiyama Y, Yamashina M, Tanaka Y, Toyota S. Transformation of Highly Hydrophobic Triarylphosphines into Amphiphiles via Staudinger Reaction with Hydrophilic Trichlorophenyl Azide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202303017. [PMID: 37766651 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its hydrophobic properties and reactivity, triarylphosphines (PAr3 ) are promising precursors for the development of new amphiphiles. However, an efficient and reliable synthetic method for amphiphiles based on highly hydrophobic PAr3 is still required. Herein, a straightforward transformation of highly hydrophobic PAr3 into amphiphiles via the Staudinger reaction is reported. By simply mixing PAr3 and a hydrophilic trichlorophenyl azide containing two hydrophilic chains, amphiphiles bearing a N=P bond (i. e., an azaylide moiety) were quantitatively formed. The obtained azaylide-based amphiphiles were remarkably water-soluble, enabling their spontaneous self-assembly into 2 nm-sized micelles composed of 4-5 molecules in water with a low critical micelle concentration (up to 0.05 mM or less) due to the effective intermolecular interactions among the hydrophobic surfaces. Although the azaylide moiety is easily hydrolyzed in the presence of water, the azaylide in the amphiphiles displayed notable stability in water even at 60 h, which stems from the LUMO modulation induced by the presence of three electron-withdrawing chloro groups and two twisted alkoxycarbonyl groups, according to DFT calculations. An amphiphile having a large hydrophobic surface solubilized various hydrophobic organic dyes through efficient intermolecular interactions, resulting in the dyes exhibiting either monomer or excimer emissions in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshimori Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashina
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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6
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Lee D, Latour S, Emblem M, Clark HJ, Santos JT, Jang J, McGuigan AP, Nitz M. Characterization of an N-Allylglyoxylamide-Based Bioorthogonal Nitrone Trap. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2358-2365. [PMID: 38051144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are attractive bioorthogonal coupling partners. The ease of manipulation of aldehydes and their orthogonality to other classes of bioorthogonal reactions have inspired the exploration of chemistries, which generate irreversible conjugates. Similarly, nitrones have been shown to be potent 1,3-dipoles in bioorthogonal reactions when paired with strained alkynes. Here, we combine the reactivity of nitrones with the simplicity of aldehydes using an N-allylglyoxylamide, in a cascade reaction with an N-alkylhydroxylamine to produce a bicyclic isoxazolidine. The reaction is found to be catalyzed by 5-methoxyanthranilic acid and proceeds at pH 7 with favorable kinetics. Using the HaloTag7 protein bearing an N-alkylhydroxylamine, we show the reaction to be bioorthogonal in a complex cell lysate and to proceed well at the surface of a HEK293 cell. Furthermore, the reaction is compatible with a typical strain-promoted alkyne-azide click reaction. The characteristics of this reaction suggest it will be a useful addition to the pallet of bioorthogonal reactions that have revolutionized chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Simon Latour
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E6, Canada
| | - Michael Emblem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hunter J Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jobette T Santos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jaewan Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E6, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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7
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Abstract
As chemical biologists sought methods to modify and study biomolecules in their native environments, the need for bioorthogonal chemical reactions emerged. These fast and selective reactions between otherwise inert, abiotic functional groups have enabled exploration of some of the most intriguing and challenging questions in chemical biology. Further, the ability to perform organic reactions in cells and organisms has led to important applications in clinical spaces, and one reaction is now an integral part of a phase 2 trial for treating solid tumors. Given that bioorthogonal chemistry was a recipient of the 2022 Nobel Prize, we expect this field to be even more energized. Here, we highlight some of the most recent studies in this sphere and how these set the stage for where bioorthogonal chemistry is headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Hartung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ellen M. Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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8
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Purohit P, Bhatt A, Mittal RK, Abdellattif MH, Farghaly TA. Polymer Grafting and its chemical reactions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1044927. [PMID: 36714621 PMCID: PMC9874337 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1044927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer grafting is a technique to improve the morphology, chemical, and physical properties of the polymer. This technique has the potential to improve the existing conduction and properties of polymers other than charge transport; as a result, it enhances the solubility, nano-dimensional morphology, biocompatibility, bio-communication, and other property of parent polymer. A polymer's physicochemical properties can be modified even further by creating a copolymer with another polymer or by grafting. Here in the various chemical approaches for polymer grafting, like free radical, click reaction, amide formation, and alkylation have been discussed with their importance, moreover the process and its importance are covered comprehensively with their scientific explanation. The present review also covers the effectiveness of the graft-to approaches and its application in various fields, which will give reader a glimpse about polymer grafting and its uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Purohit
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India,*Correspondence: Priyank Purohit, ,
| | - Akanksha Bhatt
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | | | | | - Thoraya A. Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Chinoy ZS, Friscourt F. Expanding the Strain‐Promoted 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Arsenal for a More Selective Bioorthogonal Labeling in Living Cells. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoeisha S. Chinoy
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie Université de Bordeaux 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33607 Pessac France
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires CNRS UMR5255 33405 Talence France
| | - Frédéric Friscourt
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie Université de Bordeaux 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33607 Pessac France
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires CNRS UMR5255 33405 Talence France
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10
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Wu SY, Wu FG, Chen X. Antibody-Incorporated Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109210. [PMID: 35142395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer therapy, one of the most significant therapeutic strategies, has achieved considerable success and progress over the past decades. Nevertheless, obstacles including limited tumor penetration, short circulation half-lives, undesired immunogenicity, and off-target side effects remain to be overcome for the antibody-based cancer treatment. Owing to the rapid development of nanotechnology, antibody-containing nanomedicines that have been extensively explored to overcome these obstacles have already demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy and clinical translation potential. This review intends to offer an overview of the advancements of antibody-incorporated nanoparticulate systems in cancer treatment, together with the nontrivial challenges faced by these next-generation nanomedicines. Diverse strategies of antibody immobilization, formats of antibodies, types of cancer-associated antigens, and anticancer mechanisms of antibody-containing nanomedicines are provided and discussed in this review, with an emphasis on the latest applications. The current limitations and future research directions on antibody-containing nanomedicines are also discussed from different perspectives to provide new insights into the construction of anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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11
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Wu X, Deng J, Guo G, Zheng Y, Xiong Q, Zheng T, Zhao X, Yu Z. Spatiotemporal Resolved Live Cell Membrane Tracking through Photo-click Reactions Enriched in Lipid Phase. Chemistry 2021; 27:11957-11965. [PMID: 34057766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A set of photo-switchable monopeptides derived from cis-β-dibenzodiazocine-l-alanine (cis-DBDAA) have been designed and synthesized, which are capable of photo-click reacting with diaryltetrazoles or diarylsydnones in a hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer environment. The DBDAA monopeptides include both a hydrophobic tail on C-terminal, providing high affinity toward lipid membrane, and a modularized functional moiety on N-terminal, enabling rapid optimization of the self-assembly strength to form multifunctional supramolecules. With the cis-DBDAA monopeptides photo-switched into trans-configuration, we were able to disrupt the supramolecular assembly through an efficient photo-click reaction across the lipid bilayer of liposomes. We reveal that the performance of the photo-click reactions between the monopeptides and photo-generated nitrile imine intermediates is significantly enhanced by enrichment of both reactants in the hydrophobic membrane lamel of liposomes. Enrichment of the DBDAA monopeptide in lipid phase serves as a convenient method to introduce bioorthogonal chemical handles on live cell membranes, which enables fluorescence labelling of single cell's membrane with high spatiotemporal resolution to facilitate the studies on cell membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guiling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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12
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Abstract
Click chemistry has been established rapidly as one of the most valuable methods for the chemical transformation of complex molecules. Due to the rapid rates, clean conversions to the products, and compatibility of the reagents and reaction conditions even in complex settings, it has found applications in many molecule-oriented disciplines. From the vast landscape of click reactions, approaches have emerged in the past decade centered around oxidative processes to generate in situ highly reactive synthons from dormant functionalities. These approaches have led to some of the fastest click reactions know to date. Here, we review the various methods that can be used for such oxidation-induced "one-pot" click chemistry for the transformation of small molecules, materials, and biomolecules. A comprehensive overview is provided of oxidation conditions that induce a click reaction, and oxidation conditions are orthogonal to other click reactions so that sequential "click-oxidation-click" derivatization of molecules can be performed in one pot. Our review of the relevant literature shows that this strategy is emerging as a powerful approach for the preparation of high-performance materials and the generation of complex biomolecules. As such, we expect that oxidation-induced "one-pot" click chemistry will widen in scope substantially in the forthcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6807 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi F Keijzer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6807 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6807 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Floris van Delft
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6807 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Synaffix BV, Industrielaan 63, 5349 AE, Oss, The Netherlands
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13
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Click chemistry strategies for the accelerated synthesis of functional macromolecules. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Scinto SL, Bilodeau DA, Hincapie R, Lee W, Nguyen SS, Xu M, am Ende CW, Finn MG, Lang K, Lin Q, Pezacki JP, Prescher JA, Robillard MS, Fox JM. Bioorthogonal chemistry. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1:30. [PMID: 34585143 PMCID: PMC8469592 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry represents a class of high-yielding chemical reactions that proceed rapidly and selectively in biological environments without side reactions towards endogenous functional groups. Rooted in the principles of physical organic chemistry, bioorthogonal reactions are intrinsically selective transformations not commonly found in biology. Key reactions include native chemical ligation and the Staudinger ligation, copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, strain-promoted [3 + 2] reactions, tetrazine ligation, metal-catalysed coupling reactions, oxime and hydrazone ligations as well as photoinducible bioorthogonal reactions. Bioorthogonal chemistry has significant overlap with the broader field of 'click chemistry' - high-yielding reactions that are wide in scope and simple to perform, as recently exemplified by sulfuryl fluoride exchange chemistry. The underlying mechanisms of these transformations and their optimal conditions are described in this Primer, followed by discussion of how bioorthogonal chemistry has become essential to the fields of biomedical imaging, medicinal chemistry, protein synthesis, polymer science, materials science and surface science. The applications of bioorthogonal chemistry are diverse and include genetic code expansion and metabolic engineering, drug target identification, antibody-drug conjugation and drug delivery. This Primer describes standards for reproducibility and data deposition, outlines how current limitations are driving new research directions and discusses new opportunities for applying bioorthogonal chemistry to emerging problems in biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Scinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Didier A. Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Robert Hincapie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Wankyu Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Sean S. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Minghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | | | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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15
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Deb T, Tu J, Franzini RM. Mechanisms and Substituent Effects of Metal-Free Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6850-6914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Titas Deb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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16
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Theoretical insights into the synthesis reaction mechanism of 1,2,3-triazole based on sakai reaction. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Nakajima M, Bilodeau DA, Pezacki JP. Predicting reactivity for bioorthogonal cycloadditions involving nitrones. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29306-29310. [PMID: 35521144 PMCID: PMC9055992 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrones are useful dipoles in both synthesis and in bioorthogonal transformations to report on biological phenomena. In bioorthogonal reactions, nitrones are both small and relatively easy to incorporate into biomolecules, while providing versatility in their ability to harbor different substituents that tune their reactivity. Herein, we examine the reactivities of some common and useful nitrone cycloadditions using density functional theory (DFT) and the distortion/interaction (D/I) model. The data show that relative reactivities can be predicted using these approaches, and useful insights gained further enchancing reactivities of both nitrones and their dipolarophile reaction partners. We find that D/I is a useful guide to understanding and predicting reactivities of cycloadditions involving nitrones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Didier A Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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18
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Li Y, Fu H. Bioorthogonal Ligations and Cleavages in Chemical Biology. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:835-853. [PMID: 32817809 PMCID: PMC7426781 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioorthogonal reactions including the bioorthogonal ligations and cleavages have become an active field of research in chemical biology, and they play important roles in chemical modification and functional regulation of biomolecules. This review summarizes the developments and applications of the representative bioorthogonal reactions including the Staudinger reactions, the metal-mediated bioorthogonal reactions, the strain-promoted cycloadditions, the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions, the light-triggered bioorthogonal reactions, and the reactions of chloroquinoxalines and ortho-dithiophenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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19
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Baalmann M, Neises L, Bitsch S, Schneider H, Deweid L, Werther P, Ilkenhans N, Wolfring M, Ziegler MJ, Wilhelm J, Kolmar H, Wombacher R. A Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry Toolbox for Targeted Synthesis of Branched and Well-Defined Protein-Protein Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12885-12893. [PMID: 32342666 PMCID: PMC7496671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry holds great potential to generate difficult-to-access protein-protein conjugate architectures. Current applications are hampered by challenging protein expression systems, slow conjugation chemistry, use of undesirable catalysts, or often do not result in quantitative product formation. Here we present a highly efficient technology for protein functionalization with commonly used bioorthogonal motifs for Diels-Alder cycloaddition with inverse electron demand (DAinv ). With the aim of precisely generating branched protein chimeras, we systematically assessed the reactivity, stability and side product formation of various bioorthogonal chemistries directly at the protein level. We demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of our conjugation platform using different functional proteins and the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab. This technology enables fast and routine access to tailored and hitherto inaccessible protein chimeras useful for a variety of scientific disciplines. We expect our work to substantially enhance antibody applications such as immunodetection and protein toxin-based targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Baalmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Laura Neises
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Hendrik Schneider
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Lukas Deweid
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Philipp Werther
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Nadja Ilkenhans
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Martin Wolfring
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael J. Ziegler
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jonas Wilhelm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Richard Wombacher
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
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20
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Nguyen SS, Prescher JA. Developing bioorthogonal probes to span a spectrum of reactivities. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:476-489. [PMID: 34291176 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistries enable researchers to interrogate biomolecules in living systems. These reactions are highly selective and biocompatible and can be performed in many complex environments. However, like any organic transformation, there is no perfect bioorthogonal reaction. Choosing the "best fit" for a desired application is critical. Correspondingly, there must be a variety of chemistries-spanning a spectrum of rates and other features-to choose from. Over the past few years, significant strides have been made towards not only expanding the number of bioorthogonal chemistries, but also fine-tuning existing reactions for particular applications. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in bioorthogonal reaction development, focusing on how physical organic chemistry principles have guided probe design. The continued expansion of this toolset will provide more precisely tuned reagents for manipulating bonds in distinct environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Nguyen
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jennifer A Prescher
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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21
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Ho PY, Ho CL, Wong WY. Recent advances of iridium(III) metallophosphors for health-related applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Baalmann M, Neises L, Bitsch S, Schneider H, Deweid L, Werther P, Ilkenhans N, Wolfring M, Ziegler MJ, Wilhelm J, Kolmar H, Wombacher R. A Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry Toolbox for Targeted Synthesis of Branched and Well‐Defined Protein–Protein Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Baalmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Laura Neises
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hendrik Schneider
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Lukas Deweid
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Philipp Werther
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nadja Ilkenhans
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin Wolfring
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael J. Ziegler
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jonas Wilhelm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Richard Wombacher
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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23
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Meng X, Pan H, Zhu G, Zhang X. Highly efficient Mukaiyama-Mannich addition of α-diazo silyl enolate with nitrones catalyzed by MgI2 etherate. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Margison KD, Bilodeau DA, Mahmoudi F, Pezacki JP. Cycloadditions of
Trans
‐Cyclooctenes and Nitrones as Tools for Bioorthogonal Labelling. Chembiochem 2020; 21:948-951. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn D. Margison
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Didier A. Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Farnaz Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa 150 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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25
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Bilodeau DA, Margison KD, Ahmed N, Strmiskova M, Sherratt AR, Pezacki JP. Optimized aqueous Kinugasa reactions for bioorthogonal chemistry applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1988-1991. [PMID: 31960852 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09473c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Kinugasa reactions hold potential for bioorthogonal chemistry in that the reagents can be biocompatible. Unlike other bioorthogonal reaction products, β-lactams are potentially reactive, which can be useful for synthesizing new biomaterials. A limiting factor for applications consists of slow reaction rates. Herein, we report an optimized aqueous copper(i)-catalyzed alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition involving rearrangement (CuANCR) with rate accelerations made possible by the use of surfactant micelles. We have investigated the factors that accelerate the aqueous CuANCR reaction and demonstrate enhanced modification of a model membrane-associated peptide. We discovered that lipids/surfactants and alkyne structure have a significant impact on the reaction rate, with biological lipids and electron-poor alkynes showing greater reactivity. These new findings have implications for the use of CuANCR for modifying integral membrane proteins as well as live cell labelling and other bioorthogonal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier A Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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26
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Ghiassian S, Yu L, Gobbo P, Nazemi A, Romagnoli T, Luo W, Luyt LG, Workentin MS. Nitrone-Modified Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Potential as 18F-Labeled Positron Emission Tomography Probes via I-SPANC. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19106-19115. [PMID: 31763533 PMCID: PMC6868604 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioorthogonal gold nanoparticle (AuNP) template displaying interfacial nitrone functional groups for bioorthogonal interfacial strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition reactions has been synthesized. These nitrone-AuNPs were characterized in detail using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a nanoparticle raw formula was calculated. The ability to control the conjugation of molecules of interest at the molecular level onto the nitrone-AuNP template allowed us to create a novel methodology for the synthesis of AuNP-based radiolabeled probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghiassian
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lihai Yu
- London
Regional Cancer Program, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., London N6A 5W9, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierangelo Gobbo
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tommaso Romagnoli
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilson Luo
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonard G. Luyt
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
- London
Regional Cancer Program, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., London N6A 5W9, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Salmain M, Fischer-Durand N, Rudolf B. Bioorthogonal Conjugation of Transition Organometallic Complexes to Peptides and Proteins: Strategies and Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Nathalie Fischer-Durand
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Bogna Rudolf
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Lodz; 91-403 Lodz Poland
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28
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Hupf E, Tsuchiya Y, Moffat W, Xu L, Hirai M, Zhou Y, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Murai T, He G, Rivard E. A Modular Approach to Phosphorescent π-Extended Heteroacenes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13323-13336. [PMID: 31503465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A modular route to previously inaccessible classes of ring-fused π-extended heteroacenes bearing the heavy inorganic element tellurium (Te) is presented. These new materials can be viewed as n-doped analogs of molecular graphene subunits that exhibit color tunable visible light phosphorescence in the solid state and in the presence of air. The general mechanism of phosphorescence in these systems was probed experimentally and computationally via time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The incorporation of Te into π-extended oligoacene frameworks was achieved by an efficient Zr/Te transmetalation protocol; related zirconium-element exchange reactions have been used to prepare both electron-rich and electron-deficient heterocycles containing different elements from throughout the p-block. Therefore, the current study provides a clear path to incorporate inorganic elements into heteroacenes of greater complexity and side group selectivity compared to existing synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Hupf
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Yuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering , Gifu University , Yanagido , Gifu 501-1193 , Japan
| | - Wayne Moffat
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710054 , China
| | - Masato Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) , Nagoya University , Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Toshiaki Murai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering , Gifu University , Yanagido , Gifu 501-1193 , Japan
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province 710054 , China
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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29
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Gunawardene PN, Luo W, Polgar AM, Corrigan JF, Workentin MS. Highly Electron-Deficient Pyridinium-Nitrones for Rapid and Tunable Inverse-Electron-Demand Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Nitrone Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2019; 21:5547-5551. [PMID: 31251633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Highly accelerated inverse-electron-demand strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (IED SPANC) between a stable cyclooctyne (bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN)) and nitrones delocalized into a Cα-pyridinium functionality is reported, with the most electron-deficient "pyridinium-nitrone" displaying among the most rapid cycloadditions to BCN that is currently reported. Density functional theory (DFT) and X-ray crystallography are explored to rationalize the effects of N- and Cα-substituent modifications at the nitrone on IED SPANC reaction kinetics and the overall rapid reactivity of pyridinium-delocalized nitrones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen N Gunawardene
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research , The University of Western Ontario , Richmond Street , London , Ontario N6A 5B7 , Canada
| | - Wilson Luo
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research , The University of Western Ontario , Richmond Street , London , Ontario N6A 5B7 , Canada
| | - Alexander M Polgar
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research , The University of Western Ontario , Richmond Street , London , Ontario N6A 5B7 , Canada
| | - John F Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research , The University of Western Ontario , Richmond Street , London , Ontario N6A 5B7 , Canada
| | - Mark S Workentin
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research , The University of Western Ontario , Richmond Street , London , Ontario N6A 5B7 , Canada
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30
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Luo W, Luo J, Popik VV, Workentin MS. Dual-Bioorthogonal Molecular Tool: “Click-to-Release” and “Double-Click” Reactivity on Small Molecules and Material Surfaces. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1140-1149. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Luo
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Johnny Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Vladimir V. Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji SAKAMOTO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University
| | - Itaru HAMACHI
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University
- ERATO Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
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32
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Strmiskova M, Bilodeau DA, Chigrinova M, Pezacki JP. Phenanthridine-based nitrones as substrates for strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloadditions. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, bioorthogonal chemistry that facilitates the efficient conjugation of biomolecules has expanded from the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloadditions to a multitude of diverse reactions, varying additives and reactional partners, and most often offering better alternatives with faster rates and lower toxicity of employed reactants. Among these, the copper-free strain-promoted cycloaddition reactions have been demonstrated to be more promising, offering a reaction without toxic metal catalysts and with faster inherent kinetic rate constants. The strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloadditions are easily tunable from both the (strained) alkyne and nitrone perspective, both compounds giving the opportunity to modulate the rate of reaction by substituting various positions. Previously, acyclic nitrones have been evaluated in the strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone reactions; however, they were notably prone to hydrolysis. Some five-membered ring endocyclic nitrones developed concomitantly offered the advantage of relatively fast kinetics and better resistance to degradation in aqueous conditions and have been successfully used for labelling of biomolecules in living systems. Herein, we have prepared and studied nitrones inspired by the phenanthridine scaffold that efficiently undergo strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone reactions. Phenanthridine nitrones react fast with strained cyclooctynes with large bimolecular rate constants while maintaining bioorthogonality and resistance to hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Strmiskova
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Didier A. Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mariya Chigrinova
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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33
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Zhang X, Wu X, Jiang S, Gao J, Yao Z, Deng J, Zhang L, Yu Z. Photo-accelerated “click” reaction between diarylsydnones and ring-strained alkynes for bioorthogonal ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7187-7190. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel photo-click ligation reaction between diarylsydnones and ring-strained alkynes, exhibiting decent bioorthogonality, was established under 405 nm light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu (610064)
- China
| | - Xueting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu (610064)
- China
| | - Shichao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu (610064)
- China
| | - Jingshuo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu (610064)
- China
| | - Zhuojun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu (610064)
- China
| | - Jiajie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu (610064)
- China
| | - Linmeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu (610064)
- China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu (610064)
- China
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Yokoi T, Tanimoto H, Ueda T, Morimoto T, Kakiuchi K. Site-Selective Conversion of Azido Groups at Carbonyl α-Positions to Diazo Groups in Diazido and Triazido Compounds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12103-12121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yokoi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ueda
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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35
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Stéen EJL, Edem PE, Nørregaard K, Jørgensen JT, Shalgunov V, Kjaer A, Herth MM. Pretargeting in nuclear imaging and radionuclide therapy: Improving efficacy of theranostics and nanomedicines. Biomaterials 2018; 179:209-245. [PMID: 30007471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pretargeted nuclear imaging and radiotherapy have recently attracted increasing attention for diagnosis and treatment of cancer with nanomedicines. This is because it conceptually offers better imaging contrast and therapeutic efficiency while reducing the dose to radiosensitive tissues compared to conventional strategies. In conventional imaging and radiotherapy, a directly radiolabeled nano-sized vector is administered and allowed to accumulate in the tumor, typically on a timescale of several days. In contrast, pretargeting is based on a two-step approach. First, a tumor-accumulating vector carrying a tag is administered followed by injection of a fast clearing radiolabeled agent that rapidly recognizes the tag of the tumor-bound vector in vivo. Therefore, pretargeting circumvents the use of long-lived radionuclides that is a necessity for sufficient tumor accumulation and target-to-background ratios using conventional approaches. In this review, we give an overview of recent advances in pretargeted imaging strategies. We will critically reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of current state-of-the-art conventional imaging approaches and compare them to pretargeted strategies. We will discuss the pretargeted imaging concept and the involved chemistry. Finally, we will discuss the steps forward in respect to clinical translation, and how pretargeted strategies could be applied to improve state-of-the-art radiotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johanna L Stéen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia E Edem
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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36
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Madl CM, Heilshorn SC. Bioorthogonal Strategies for Engineering Extracellular Matrices. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1706046. [PMID: 31558890 PMCID: PMC6761700 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201706046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are commonly used as engineered extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics in applications ranging from tissue engineering to in vitro disease models. Ideal mechanisms used to crosslink ECM-mimicking hydrogels do not interfere with the biology of the system. However, most common hydrogel crosslinking chemistries exhibit some form of cross-reactivity. The field of bio-orthogonal chemistry has arisen to address the need for highly specific and robust reactions in biological contexts. Accordingly, bio-orthogonal crosslinking strategies have been incorporated into hydrogel design, allowing for gentle and efficient encapsulation of cells in various hydrogel materials. Furthermore, the selective nature of bio-orthogonal chemistries can permit dynamic modification of hydrogel materials in the presence of live cells and other biomolecules to alter matrix mechanical properties and biochemistry on demand. In this review, we provide an overview of bio-orthogonal strategies used to prepare cell-encapsulating hydrogels and highlight the potential applications of bio-orthogonal chemistries in the design of dynamic engineered ECMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Madl
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,
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37
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White CJ, Bode JW. PEGylation and Dimerization of Expressed Proteins under Near Equimolar Conditions with Potassium 2-Pyridyl Acyltrifluoroborates. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:197-206. [PMID: 29532019 PMCID: PMC5833003 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The covalent conjugation of large, functionalized molecules remains a frontier in synthetic chemistry, as it requires rapid, chemoselective reactions. The potassium acyltrifluoroborate (KAT)-hydroxylamine amide-forming ligation shows promise for conjugations of biomolecules under aqueous, acidic conditions, but the variants reported to date are not suited to ligations at micromolar concentrations. We now report that 2-pyridyl KATs display significantly enhanced ligation kinetics over their aryl counterparts. Following their facile, one-step incorporation onto the termini of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, we show that 2-pyridyl KATs can be applied to the construction of protein-polymer conjugates in excellent (>95%) yield. Four distinct expressed, folded proteins equipped with a hydroxylamine could be PEGylated with 2-20 kDa 2-pyridyl mPEG KATs in high yield and with near-equimolar amounts of coupling partners. Furthermore, the use of a bis 2-pyridyl PEG KAT enables the covalent homodimerization of proteins with good conversion. The 2-pyridyl KAT ligation offers an effective alternative to conventional protein-polymer conjugation by operating under aqueous acidic conditions well suited for the handling of folded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. White
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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38
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Meghani NM, Amin HH, Lee BJ. Mechanistic applications of click chemistry for pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1604-1619. [PMID: 28754291 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The concept of click chemistry (CC), first introduced by K.B. Sharpless, has been widely adopted for use in drug discovery, novel drug delivery systems (DDS), polymer chemistry, and material sciences. In this review, we outline novel aspects of CC related to drug discovery and drug delivery, with a brief overview of molecular mechanisms underlying each click reaction commonly used by researchers, and the main patents that paved the way for further diverse medicinal applications. We also describe recent progress in drug discovery and polymeric and carbon material-based drug delivery for potential pharmaceutical applications and advancements based on the CC approach, and discuss some intrinsic limitations of this popular conjugation reaction. The use of CC is likely to significantly advance drug discovery and bioconjugation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh M Meghani
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hardik H Amin
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Schneider EM, Zeltner M, Zlateski V, Grass RN, Stark WJ. Click and release: fluoride cleavable linker for mild bioorthogonal separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:938-41. [PMID: 26584274 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a water dispersable, magnetic nanoparticle supported "click and release" system. The cleavable linker has been synthesized by using a strain-promoted copper-free "click" reagent to establish the specific link and a fluoride cleavable silane moiety for mild cleavage. Small organic molecules, azide-bearing dyes and functionalized enzymes have been bound to the magnetic particle and released in a bioorthogonal way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia M Schneider
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Zeltner
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Vladimir Zlateski
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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40
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Sminia TJ, Zuilhof H, Wennekes T. Getting a grip on glycans: A current overview of the metabolic oligosaccharide engineering toolbox. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:121-141. [PMID: 27750120 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the advances in metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) from 2010 to 2016 with a focus on the structure, preparation, and reactivity of its chemical probes. A brief historical overview of MOE is followed by a comprehensive overview of the chemical probes currently available in the MOE molecular toolbox and the bioconjugation techniques they enable. The final part of the review focusses on the synthesis of a selection of probes and finishes with an outlook on recent and potential upcoming advances in the field of MOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjerk J Sminia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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41
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Xiao ZF, Ding TH, Mao SW, Ning XS, Kang YB. Zinc Iodide-Mediated Direct Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroisoxazoles from Alkynes and Nitrones. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Dommerholt J, Rutjes FPJT, van Delft FL. Strain-Promoted 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Cycloalkynes and Organic Azides. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:16. [PMID: 27573141 PMCID: PMC5480410 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A nearly forgotten reaction discovered more than 60 years ago-the cycloaddition of a cyclic alkyne and an organic azide, leading to an aromatic triazole-enjoys a remarkable popularity. Originally discovered out of pure chemical curiosity, and dusted off early this century as an efficient and clean bioconjugation tool, the usefulness of cyclooctyne-azide cycloaddition is now adopted in a wide range of fields of chemical science and beyond. Its ease of operation, broad solvent compatibility, 100 % atom efficiency, and the high stability of the resulting triazole product, just to name a few aspects, have catapulted this so-called strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) right into the top-shelf of the toolbox of chemical biologists, material scientists, biotechnologists, medicinal chemists, and more. In this chapter, a brief historic overview of cycloalkynes is provided first, along with the main synthetic strategies to prepare cycloalkynes and their chemical reactivities. Core aspects of the strain-promoted reaction of cycloalkynes with azides are covered, as well as tools to achieve further reaction acceleration by means of modulation of cycloalkyne structure, nature of azide, and choice of solvent.
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43
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Bioorthogonal Chemistry—Introduction and Overview [corrected]. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:9. [PMID: 27572992 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has emerged as a new powerful tool that facilitates the study of structure and function of biomolecules in their native environment. A wide variety of bioorthogonal reactions that can proceed selectively and efficiently under physiologically relevant conditions are now available. The common features of these chemical reactions include: fast kinetics, tolerance to aqueous environment, high selectivity and compatibility with naturally occurring functional groups. The design and development of new chemical transformations in this direction is an important step to meet the growing demands of chemical biology. This chapter aims to introduce the reader to the field by providing an overview on general principles and strategies used in bioorthogonal chemistry. Special emphasis is given to cycloaddition reactions, namely to 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and Diels-Alder reactions, as chemical transformations that play a predominant role in modern bioconjugation chemistry. The recent advances have established these reactions as an invaluable tool in modern bioorthogonal chemistry. The key aspects of the methodology as well as future outlooks in the field are discussed.
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44
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Nguyen DV, Prakash P, Gravel E, Doris E. Triphenylbismuth carbonate-mediated oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitrones and in situ 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphenylbismuth carbonate was shown to act as a mild, selective and efficient reagent for the oxidation of hydroxylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Vu Nguyen
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM)
- CEA
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
| | - Praveen Prakash
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM)
- CEA
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
| | - Edmond Gravel
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM)
- CEA
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
| | - Eric Doris
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM)
- CEA
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
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45
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Kardelis V, Chadwick RC, Adronov A. Click Functionalization of a Dibenzocyclooctyne-Containing Conjugated Polyimine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kardelis
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Ryan C. Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
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46
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Kardelis V, Chadwick RC, Adronov A. Click Functionalization of a Dibenzocyclooctyne-Containing Conjugated Polyimine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:945-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kardelis
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Ryan C. Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
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47
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Hoogenboom J, Zuilhof H, Wennekes T. Versatile Scope of a Masked Aldehyde Nitrone in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions. Org Lett 2015; 17:5550-3. [PMID: 26555778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new masked aldehyde-containing nitrone 1 that is easily available through a facile one-step procedure has been developed. It undergoes a [3 + 2]-thermal cycloaddition with a wide range of dipolarophiles, affording isoxazolidine cycloadducts that are suitable for versatile postcycloaddition modifications. The acetal cycloadducts are acid-stable, but allow for acetal hydrolysis under mildly basic conditions. The isoxazolidine ring can be opened via an efficient one-pot procedure to give amine-protected γ-alcohols that can be further converted to furanose derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorin Hoogenboom
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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48
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Sivashanmugam A, Arun Kumar R, Vishnu Priya M, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. An overview of injectable polymeric hydrogels for tissue engineering. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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49
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Chigrinova M, MacKenzie DA, Sherratt AR, Cheung LLW, Pezacki JP. Kinugasa reactions in water: from green chemistry to bioorthogonal labelling. Molecules 2015; 20:6959-69. [PMID: 25913933 PMCID: PMC6272444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kinugasa reaction has become an efficient method for the direct synthesis of β-lactams from substituted nitrones and copper(I) acetylides. In recent years, the reaction scope has been expanded to include the use of water as the solvent, and with micelle-promoted [3+2] cycloadditions followed by rearrangement furnishing high yields of β-lactams. The high yields of stable products under aqueous conditions render the modified Kinugasa reaction amenable to metabolic labelling and bioorthogonal applications. Herein, the development of methods for use of the Kinugasa reaction in aqueous media is reviewed, with emphasis on its potential use as a bioorthogonal coupling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Chigrinova
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Douglas A. MacKenzie
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Allison R. Sherratt
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Lawrence L. W. Cheung
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +1-613-993-7253; Fax: +1-613-941-8447
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50
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Suzuki S, Segawa Y, Itami K, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis and characterization of hexaarylbenzenes with five or six different substituents enabled by programmed synthesis. Nat Chem 2015; 7:227-33. [PMID: 25698332 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1825, benzene has served as one of the most used and indispensable building blocks of chemical compounds, ranging from pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals to plastics and those used in organic electronic devices. Benzene has six hydrogen atoms that can each be replaced by different substituents, which means that the structural diversity of benzene derivatives is intrinsically extraordinary. The number of possible substituted benzenes from n different substituents is (2n + 2n(2) + 4n(3) + 3n(4) + n(6))/12. However, owing to a lack of general synthetic methods for making multisubstituted benzenes, this potentially huge structural diversity has not been fully exploited. Here, we describe a programmed synthesis of hexaarylbenzenes using C-H activation, cross-coupling and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions. The present method allows for the isolation and structure-property characterization of hexaarylbenzenes with distinctive aryl substituents at all positions for the first time. Moreover, the established protocol can be applied to the synthesis of tetraarylnaphthalenes and pentaarylpyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- 1] Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan [2] JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- 1] Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan [2] JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan [3] Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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