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Hildebrandt J, Taubert A, Thünemann AF. Synthesis and Characterization of Ultra-Small Gold Nanoparticles in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Dicyanamide, [Emim][DCA]. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300106. [PMID: 37650312 PMCID: PMC10853075 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on gold clusters with around 62 gold atoms and a diameter of 1.15±0.10 nm. Dispersions of the clusters are long-term stable for two years at ambient conditions. The synthesis was performed by mixing tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4 ⋅ 3 H2 O) with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([Emim][DCA]) at temperatures of 20 to 80 °C. Characterization was performed with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A three-stage model is proposed for the formation of the clusters, in which cluster growth from gold nuclei takes place according to the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) model followed by oriented attachment to form colloidal stable clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hildebrandt
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Andreas F. Thünemann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
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2
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Eneren P, Sergievskaya A, Aksoy YT, Umek P, Konstantinidis S, Vetrano MR. Time-resolved in situ nanoparticle size evolution during magnetron sputtering onto liquids. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4809-4818. [PMID: 37705790 PMCID: PMC10496901 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research since 1996, there are still open questions regarding the primary location of the nucleation process, the growth mechanism of the nanoparticles (NPs), and the influence of the liquid properties on the ultimate size of the NPs for the magnetron sputtering of metals onto liquids. Hence, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, the particle size evolution is in situ and in real-time examined during and after the sputtering of the silver atoms onto silicone oil, i.e., Sputtering onto Liquids (SoL) process. The particle size distribution (PSD) is measured via the Light Extinction Spectroscopy (LES) technique, and the deposition rate and stirring speed effects on the PSDs are analyzed. Based on De Brouckere mean diameters, the size evolution of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) over time is monitored. Ag NPs bigger than 20 nm are detected, and the PSDs are shown to be poly-disperse, which is also supported by the ex situ TEM measurements and in situ time-resolved absorption spectra. Moreover, it is shown that aggregation and growth of Ag NPs occur both at the plasma-liquid interface and inside the silicone oil during and after the magnetron sputtering. Despite the same amount of deposited silver, the growth kinetics of Ag NPs in silicone oil vary at different deposition rates. In particular, at higher deposition rates, larger NPs are formed. Stirring is seen to help disaggregate the particle lumps. Faster stirring does not substantially influence the final size but promotes the formation of smaller NPs (<20 nm). Also, low colloidal stability of Ag NPs in silicone oil is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Eneren
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Applied Mechanics and Energy Conversion (TME) B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Anastasiya Sergievskaya
- University of Mons, Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Yunus Tansu Aksoy
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Applied Mechanics and Energy Conversion (TME) B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Polona Umek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Condensed Matter Physics Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Stephanos Konstantinidis
- University of Mons, Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering B-7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Maria Rosaria Vetrano
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Applied Mechanics and Energy Conversion (TME) B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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Importance of structures and interactions in ionic liquid-nanomaterial composite systems as a novel approach for their utilization in safe lithium metal batteries: A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Seitkalieva MM, Samoylenko DE, Lotsman KA, Rodygin KS, Ananikov VP. Metal nanoparticles in ionic liquids: Synthesis and catalytic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang Q, Xu Y, Zhou J, Xu L, Yu L, Jiang D, Lu C, Pan Z, Zhang Q, Li X. Synergy of ionic liquid and confinement in the design of supported palladium catalyst for efficient selective hydrogenation of acetylene. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chakraborty D, Devi M, Das B, Barbhuiya MH, Dhar SS, Chowdhury A. A benevolent direction to environmental suitability: ionic liquid immobilized MoO 3 nanoparticles used in the efficient visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the synthesis of a novel MoO3-bonded imidazolium sulfonic acid chloride (MoO3-IL) using a facile precipitation method and its application in the degradation of two organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghali Devi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar
- Cachar
- India
| | - Bishal Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar
- Cachar
- India
| | - Monjur H. Barbhuiya
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar
- Cachar
- India
| | - Siddhartha S. Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar
- Cachar
- India
| | - Avijit Chowdhury
- Department of Physics
- National Institute of Technology
- Cachar
- India
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7
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Chen L, Zhang T, Cheng H, Richards RM, Qi Z. A microwave assisted ionic liquid route to prepare bivalent Mn 5O 8 nanoplates for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17902-17914. [PMID: 32844840 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop highly active non-precious metal catalysts for the selective oxidation of the platform compound 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to the value-added bio-chemical 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), we prepared high purity bivalent Mn5O8 nanoplates by a microwave-assisted ionic liquid route. The precursor of bivalent Mn5O8 nanoplates was formed through π-π stacking between imidazolium rings of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride and extending hydrogen bonds between Cl anions and hydrohausmannite. An oriented aggregation growth occurred on the basis of the Ostwald ripening under microwave heating. The high purity bivalent Mn5O8 nanoplates obtained through calcination at 550 °C for 2 h exhibited high HMF conversion (51%) and DFF selectivity (94%) at 5 bar of oxygen pressure in 2 h. The high concentration of Mn4+ on the exterior surfaces of Mn5O8 nanoplates as active sites coupled with good crystallinity played key roles for desirable mass and heat transfer, and for fast desorption avoiding over-oxidation. The reaction process over the Mn5O8 nanoplates was proposed based on the understanding of Mn4+ active centers and lattice oxygen via a Mn4+/Mn2+ two-electron cycle to enhance their catalytic performance. Furthermore, the Mn5O8 nanoplates could be readily recovered and reused without loss of catalytic activity. Thus, the high purity Mn5O8 nanoplates with good catalytic performance raises the prospect of using the type of sole metal oxide for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
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Wrighton-Araneda K, Valdebenito C, Camarada MB, Abarca G, Cortés-Arriagada D. Interaction of supported ionic liquids phases onto copper nanoparticles: A DFT study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Schmolke L, Lerch S, Bülow M, Siebels M, Schmitz A, Thomas J, Dehm G, Held C, Strassner T, Janiak C. Aggregation control of Ru and Ir nanoparticles by tunable aryl alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4073-4082. [PMID: 30778483 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10286d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-nanoparticles (M-NPs) were synthesized in a wet-chemical synthesis route in tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) based on the 1-aryl-3-alkyl-substituted imidazolium motif from Ru3(CO)12 and Ir4(CO)12 by microwave-heating induced thermal decomposition. The size and size dispersion of the NPs were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to an average diameter of 2.2(±0.1) to 3.9(±0.3) nm for Ru-NPs and to an average diameter of 1.4(±0.1) to 2.4(±0.1) nm for Ir-NPs. The TAAILs used contain the same bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion but differ in the substituents on the 1-aryl ring, e.g. 2-methyl-, 4-methoxy- and 2,4-dimethyl groups and in the 3-alkyl chain lengths (C4H9, C5H11, C8H17, C9H19, C11H23). All used TAAILs are suitable for the stabilization of Ru- and Ir-NPs over months in the IL dispersion. Different from all other investigations on M-NP/IL systems which we are aware of the particle separation properties of the TAAILs vary strongly as a function of the aryl substituent. Good NP separation can be achieved with the 4-methoxyphenyl- and 2,4-dimethylphenyl-substituted ILs, irrespective of the 3-alkyl chain lengths. Significant aggregation can be observed for 2-methylphenyl-substituted ILs. The good NP separation can be correlated with a negative electrostatic potential at the 4-methoxyphenyl or 4-methylphenyl substituent that is in the para-position of the aryl ring, whereas the 2-(ortho-)methylphenyl group assumes no negative potential. ε-ePC-SAFT calculations were used to validate that the interactions between ILs and the washing agents (required for TEM analyses) do not cause the observed aggregation/separation behaviour of the M-NPs. Ru-NPs were investigated as catalysts for the solvent-free hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane under mild conditions (70 °C, 10 bar) with activities up to 760 (mol cyclohexane) (mol Ru)-1 h-1 and over 95% conversion in ten consecutive runs for Ru-NPs. No significant loss of catalytic activity could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schmolke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Swantje Lerch
- Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mark Bülow
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Marvin Siebels
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexa Schmitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jörg Thomas
- Department Structure and Nano-/Micromechanics of Materials, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dehm
- Department Structure and Nano-/Micromechanics of Materials, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Held
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Professur für Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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11
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Nguyen MT, Zhang H, Deng L, Tokunaga T, Yonezawa T. Au/Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles via Double-Target Sputtering onto a Liquid Polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12389-12397. [PMID: 28972375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alloy nanoparticles (NPs) of a bimetal system, Au/Cu, that form intermetallic compounds in a bulk state have been successfully produced using a double-target sputtering technique onto a low-cost and biocompatible liquid polymer (polyethylene glycol, PEG). The formation of an Au/Cu solid solution alloy in individual NPs was revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray elemental mapping analysis. Altering the sputter currents for Au and Cu targets resulted in a tailored NP composition, but the particle sizes did not significantly vary. We found similar structures, sizes, and optical properties of Au/Cu NPs obtained by double-head sputtering on carbon-coated transmission electron microscopy grids or PEG and by Au/Cu alloy target sputtering. Random alloy formation occurred in matrix sputtering using double-target heads. This method is advantageous for manipulating the alloy composition through highly independent control of sputter parameters for each metal target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Lianlian Deng
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Tokunaga
- Department of Quantum Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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12
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Wegner S, Janiak C. Metal Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:65. [PMID: 28589266 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last years ionic liquids (ILs) were increasingly used and investigated as reaction media, hydrogen sources, catalysts, templating agents and stabilizers for the synthesis of (monometallic and bimetallic) metal nanoparticles (M-NPs). Especially ILs with 1,3-dialkyl-imidazolium cations featured prominently in the formation and stabilization of M-NPs. This chapter summarizes studies which focused on the interdependencies of the IL with the metal nanoparticle and tried to elucidate, for example, influences of the IL-cation, -anion and alkyl chain length. Qualitatively, the size of M-NPs was found to increase with the size of the IL-anion. The influence of the size of imidazolium-cation is less clear. The M-NP size was both found to increase and to decrease with increasing chain lengths of the 1,3-dialkyl-imidazolium cation. It is evident from such reports on cation and anion effects of ILs that the interaction between an IL and a (growing) metal nanoparticle is far from understood. Factors like IL-viscosity, hydrogen-bonding capability and the relative ratio of polar and non-polar domains of ILs may also influence the stability of nanoparticles in ionic liquids and an improved understanding of the IL-nanoparticle interaction would be needed for a more rational design of nanomaterials in ILs. Furthermore, thiol-, ether-, carboxylic acid-, amino- and hydroxyl-functionalized ILs add to the complexity by acting also as coordinating capping ligands. In addition imidazolium cations are precursors to N-heterocyclic carbenes, NHCs which form from imidazolium-based ionic liquids by in situ deprotonation at the acidic C2-H ring position as intermediate species during the nanoparticle seeding and growth process or as surface coordinating ligand for the stabilization of the metal nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Wegner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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13
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Wegner S, Rutz C, Schütte K, Barthel J, Bushmelev A, Schmidt A, Dilchert K, Fischer RA, Janiak C. Soft, Wet-Chemical Synthesis of Metastable Superparamagnetic Hexagonal Close-Packed Nickel Nanoparticles in Different Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2017; 23:6330-6340. [PMID: 28196305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Wegner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christina Rutz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Kai Schütte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Juri Barthel
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie RWTH-Aachen; Ernst Ruska-Centrum für Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie mit Elektronen; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Alexey Bushmelev
- Physical Chemistry Department; University of Cologne; Luxemburger Str. 116 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Physical Chemistry Department; University of Cologne; Luxemburger Str. 116 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Katharina Dilchert
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie; TU München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie; TU München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
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Camci M, Ulgut B, Kocabas C, Suzer S. In-Situ XPS Monitoring and Characterization of Electrochemically Prepared Au Nanoparticles in an Ionic Liquid. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:478-486. [PMID: 28261688 PMCID: PMC5331456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been electrochemically prepared in situ and in vacuo using two different electrochemical device configurations, containing an ionic liquid (IL), N-N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, that serves both as reaction and as stabilizing media for the NPs. It was observed in both devices that Au NPs were created using an anodically triggered route. The created Au NPs are relatively small (3-7 nm) and reside within the IL medium. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is utilized to follow not only the formation of the NPs but also their charging/discharging properties, by monitoring the charging shifts of the Au4f peak representing the electrodes and also the Au NPs as well as the F1s peak of the IL after polarizing one of the electrodes. Accordingly, DC polarization across the electrodes leads to a uniform binding energy shift of F1s of the IL along with that of Au4f of the NPs within. Moreover, this shift corresponds to only half of the applied potential. AC polarization brings out another dimension for demonstrating further the harmony between the charging/discharging property of the IL medium and the Au NPs in temporally and laterally resolved fashions. Polarization of the electrodes result in perfect spectral separation of the Au4f peaks of the NPs from those of the metal in both static (DC) and in time- and position-dependent (AC) modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve
T. Camci
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Ulgut
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Coskun Kocabas
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sefik Suzer
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Schütte K, Barthel J, Endres M, Siebels M, Smarsly BM, Yue J, Janiak C. Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Metal Fluoride Nanoparticles from Metal Amidinate Precursors in 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids and Propylene Carbonate. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:137-148. [PMID: 28168159 PMCID: PMC5288766 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Decomposition of transition-metal amidinates [M{MeC(NiPr)2} n ] [M(AMD) n ; M=MnII, FeII, CoII, NiII, n=2; CuI, n=1) induced by microwave heating in the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIm][PF6]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) ([BMIm][TfO]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate ([BMIm][Tos]) or in propylene carbonate (PC) gives transition-metal nanoparticles (M-NPs) in non-fluorous media (e.g. [BMIm][Tos] and PC) or metal fluoride nanoparticles (MF2-NPs) for M=Mn, Fe, and Co in [BMIm][BF4]. FeF2-NPs can be prepared upon Fe(AMD)2 decomposition in [BMIm][BF4], [BMIm][PF6], and [BMIm][TfO]. The nanoparticles are stable in the absence of capping ligands (surfactants) for more than 6 weeks. The crystalline phases of the metal or metal fluoride synthesized in [BMIm][BF4] were identified by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to exclusively Ni- and Cu-NPs or to solely MF2-NPs for M=Mn, Fe, and Co. The size and size dispersion of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to an average diameter of 2(±2) to 14(±4) nm for the M-NPs, except for the Cu-NPs in PC, which were 51(±8) nm. The MF2-NPs from [BMIm][BF4] were 15(±4) to 65(±18) nm. The average diameter from TEM is in fair agreement with the size evaluated from PXRD with the Scherrer equation. The characterization was complemented by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Electrochemical investigations of the CoF2-NPs as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries were simply evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles, and the results indicated that the reversible capacity of the CoF2-NPs was much lower than the theoretical value, which may have originated from the complex conversion reaction mechanism and residue on the surface of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schütte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Juri Barthel
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie RWTH-AachenErnst Ruska-Centrum für Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie mit Elektronen52425JülichGermany
| | - Manuel Endres
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Marvin Siebels
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Bernd M. Smarsly
- Physikalisch-Chemisches InstitutJustus-Liebig-Universität Gießen35392GießenGermany
| | - Junpei Yue
- Physikalisch-Chemisches InstitutJustus-Liebig-Universität Gießen35392GießenGermany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
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Wang W, Peng X, Xiong H, Wen W, Bao T, Zhang X, Wang S. Synthesis and properties enhancement of metal nanoclusters templated on a biological molecule/ionic liquids complex. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two biological template molecules and two short-chain imidazolium ionic liquids with amphipathy were selected to synthesize four different types of metal nanoclusters, which were templated on a biological molecule/imidazolium ionic liquids complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xiaolun Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Huayu Xiong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Wei Wen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ting Bao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Shengfu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan
- China
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17
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Dai C, Yang Y, Fisher A, Liu Z, Cheng D. Interaction of CO2 with metal cluster-functionalized ionic liquids. J CO2 UTIL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Wegner S, Saito M, Barthel J, Janiak C. Soft wet-chemical synthesis of Ru-Sn nanoparticles from single-source ruthenocene-stannole precursors in an ionic liquid. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Hatakeyama Y, Kimura S, Kameyama T, Agawa Y, Tanaka H, Judai K, Torimoto T, Nishikawa K. Temperature-independent formation of Au nanoparticles in ionic liquids by arc plasma deposition. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Lo NC, Tang YH, Kao CL, Sun IW, Chen PY. Electrochemical formation of palladium nanoparticles in a salicylate-based hydrophilic ionic liquid: The effect of additives on particle morphology and electrochemical behavior. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Łuczak J, Paszkiewicz M, Krukowska A, Malankowska A, Zaleska-Medynska A. Ionic liquids for nano- and microstructures preparation. Part 2: Application in synthesis. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 227:1-52. [PMID: 26520242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely applied to prepare metal nanoparticles and 3D semiconductor microparticles. Generally, they serve as a structuring agent or reaction medium (solvent), however it was also demonstrated that ILs can play a role of a co-solvent, metal precursor, reducing as well as surface modifying agent. The crucial role and possible types of interactions between ILs and growing particles have been presented in the Part 1 of this review paper. Part 2 of the paper gives a comprehensive overview of recent experimental studies dealing with application of ionic liquids for preparation of metal and semiconductor based nano- and microparticles. A wide spectrum of preparation routes using ionic liquids is presented, including precipitation, sol-gel technique, hydrothermal method, nanocasting and ray-mediated methods (microwave, ultrasound, UV-radiation and γ-radiation). It was found that ionic liquids formed of a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [BMIM] combined with tetrafluoroborate [BF4], hexafluorophosphate [PF6], and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [Tf2N] are the most often used ILs in the synthesis of nano- and microparticles, due to their low melting temperature, low viscosity and good transportation properties. Nevertheless, examples of other IL classes with intrinsic nanoparticles stabilizing abilities such as phosphonium and ammonium derivatives are also presented. Experimental data revealed that structure of ILs (both anion and cation type) affects the size and shape of formed metal particles, and in some cases may even determine possibility of particles formation. The nature of the metal precursor determines its affinity to polar or nonpolar domains of ionic liquid, and therefore, the size of the nanoparticles depends on the size of these regions. Ability of ionic liquids to form varied extended interactions with particle precursor as well as other compounds presented in the reaction media (water, organic solvents etc.) provides nano- and microstructures with different morphologies (0D nanoparticles, 1D nanowires, rods, 2D layers, sheets, and 3D features of molecules). ILs interact efficiently with microwave irradiation, thus even small amount of IL can be employed to increase the dielectric constant of nonpolar solvents used in the synthesis. Thus, combining the advantages of ionic liquids and ray-mediated methods resulted in the development of new ionic liquid-assisted synthesis routes. One of the recently proposed approaches of semiconductor particles preparation is based on the adsorption of semiconductor precursor molecules at the surface of micelles built of ionic liquid molecules playing a role of a soft template for growing microparticles.
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22
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Esteban RM, Schütte K, Brandt P, Marquardt D, Meyer H, Beckert F, Mülhaupt R, Kölling H, Janiak C. Iridium@graphene composite nanomaterials synthesized in ionic liquid as re-usable catalysts for solvent-free hydrogenation of benzene and cyclohexene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Zhang P, Qiao ZA, Jiang X, Veith GM, Dai S. Nanoporous ionic organic networks: stabilizing and supporting gold nanoparticles for catalysis. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:823-828. [PMID: 25625306 DOI: 10.1021/nl504780j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous ionic organic networks (PIONs) with a high ionic density (three cation-anion pairs per unit) have been synthesized by a facile SN2 nucleophilic substitution reaction. Owing to the electrostatic and steric effect, those ionic networks with porous channels can stabilize and support gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) in 1-2 nm. The Au@PION hybrid materials used as a heterogeneous catalyst were highly active, selective, and stable in the aerobic oxidation of saturated alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Chemical Sciences Division and ‡Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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24
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Sakkas PM, Schneider O, Sourkouni G, Argirusis C. Sonochemistry in the service of SOFC research. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1939-1947. [PMID: 24561110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Decoration of SOFC anode cermets with metal nanoparticles (NPs) enchance their ability and stability in natural gas to hydrogen reform. A novel sonoelectrochemical approach of Au-NPs synthesis (mean 12.31±2.69nm) is suggested, according to which the sonication is held constant while the electrochemical activity is either pulsed or continuous. The gold colloidal solution is cosonicated with state of the art cermet powder to yield particles decorated with Au-NPs. Nevertheless sonochemical routes of mixed molybdenum, rhenium or tungsten mixed oxides synthesis are utilized in order to decorate SOFC anode cermets. The decoration loading achieved spanned from 0.1 to 10.0wt.%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros M Sakkas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou Campus, Greece; Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; Energy Research Center Lower Saxony, Clausthal University of Technology, 38640 Goslar, Germany
| | - Oliver Schneider
- Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; Institute of Informatics VI, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Georgia Sourkouni
- Energy Research Center Lower Saxony, Clausthal University of Technology, 38640 Goslar, Germany; Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Christos Argirusis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou Campus, Greece.
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25
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Cui P, He H, Chen D, Liu H, Zhang S, Yang J. Phase Transfer of Noble Metal Nanoparticles from Ionic Liquids to an Organic/Aqueous Medium. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5033638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penglei Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongyan He
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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26
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Wu L, Zhang X, Chen J. A new third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion based on dendritic gold nanostructure. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Schütte K, Doddi A, Kroll C, Meyer H, Wiktor C, Gemel C, van Tendeloo G, Fischer RA, Janiak C. Colloidal nickel/gallium nanoalloys obtained from organometallic precursors in conventional organic solvents and in ionic liquids: noble-metal-free alkyne semihydrogenation catalysts. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5532-5544. [PMID: 24733576 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to replace noble-metal catalysts by low-cost alternatives are of constant interest. The organometallic, non-aqueous wet-chemical synthesis of various hitherto unknown nanocrystalline Ni/Ga intermetallic materials and the use of NiGa for the selective semihydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes are reported. Thermal co-hydrogenolysis of the all-hydrocarbon precursors [Ni(COD)2] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and GaCp* (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) in high-boiling organic solvents mesitylene and n-decane in molar ratios of 1 : 1, 2 : 3 and 3 : 1 yields the nano-crystalline powder materials of the over-all compositions NiGa, Ni2Ga3 and Ni3Ga, respectively. Microwave induced co-pyrolysis of the same precursors without additional hydrogen in the ionic liquid [BMIm][BF4] (BMIm = 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium) selectively yields the intermetallic phases NiGa and Ni3Ga from the respective 1 : 1 and 3 : 1 molar ratios of the precursors. The obtained materials are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), IR, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The single-source precursor [Ni(GaCp*)(PMe3)3] with a fixed Ni : Ga stoichiometry of 1 : 1 was employed as well. In comparison with the co-hydrogenolytic dual precursor source approach it turned out to be less practical due to inefficient nickel incorporation caused by the parasitic formation of stable [Ni(PMe3)4]. The use of ionic liquid [BMIm][BF4] as a non-conventional solvent to control the reaction and stabilize the nanoparticles proved to be particularly advantageous and stable colloids of the nanoalloys NiGa and Ni3Ga were obtained. A phase-selective Ni/Ga colloid synthesis in conventional solvents and in the presence of surfactants such as hexadecylamine (HDA) was not feasible due to the undesired reactivity of HDA with GaCp* leading to inefficient gallium incorporation. Recyclable NiGa nanoparticles selectively semihydrogenate 1-octyne and diphenylacetylene (tolan) to 1-octene and diphenylethylene, respectively, with a yield of about 90% and selectivities of up to 94 and 87%. Ni-NPs yield alkanes with a selectivity of 97 or 78%, respectively, under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schütte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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28
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Wang W, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Wang CF, Chen L, Chen S. Self-Replication Fabrication of Ligand-Free CdSe Quantum Dots on a Nanofiber Microreactor via a Solid–Liquid Interfacial Method. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4042774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin
Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin
Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin
Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin
Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin
Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin
Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Schütte K, Meyer H, Gemel C, Barthel J, Fischer RA, Janiak C. Synthesis of Cu, Zn and Cu/Zn brass alloy nanoparticles from metal amidinate precursors in ionic liquids or propylene carbonate with relevance to methanol synthesis. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3116-3126. [PMID: 24492885 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-induced decomposition of the transition metal amidinates {[Me(C(N(i)Pr)2)]Cu}2 (1) and [Me(C(N(i)Pr)2)]2Zn (2) in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]) or in propylene carbonate (PC) gives copper and zinc nanoparticles which are stable in the absence of capping ligands (surfactants) for more than six weeks. Co-decomposition of 1 and 2 yields the intermetallic nano-brass phases β-CuZn and γ-Cu3Zn depending on the chosen molar ratios of the precursors. Nanoparticles were characterized by high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), dynamic light scattering and powder X-ray diffractometry. Microstructure characterizations were complemented by STEM with spatially resolved energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Synthesis in ILs yields significantly smaller nanoparticles than in PC. β-CuZn alloy nanoparticles are precursors to catalysts for methanol synthesis from the synthesis gas H2/CO/CO2 with a productivity of 10.7 mol(MeOH) (kg(Cu) h)(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schütte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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30
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Zvereva EE, Grimme S, Katsyuba SA, Ermolaev VV, Arkhipova DA, Yan N, Miluykov VA, Sinyashin OG, Aleksandrov A. Solvation and stabilization of palladium nanoparticles in phosphonium-based ionic liquids: a combined infrared spectroscopic and density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20672-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02547d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd nanoparticles interact with both the anions and cations of tri-tert-butyl-R-phosphonium-based ionic liquids. Dispersion forces dominate the cation–nanoparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E. Zvereva
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Centre
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan, Russia
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergey A. Katsyuba
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Centre
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Ermolaev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Centre
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Daria A. Arkhipova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Centre
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- , Singapore
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
| | - Vasili A. Miluykov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Centre
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Kazan Scientific Centre
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexey Aleksandrov
- Laboratoire de Biochimie (CNRS UMR7654)
- Department of Biology
- Ecole Polytechnique
- 91128 Palaiseau, France
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31
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Oh JH, Chi WS, Lee JH, Kim JH, Kang SW. Synthesis of Poly(vinyl chloride)-g-Poly(ionic liquid) and Its Application to Tuning Surface for Copper Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400787w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Je Hyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Chi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- WCU Program
Department of Energy
Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul
133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
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32
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Dioxygen oxidation of 1-phenylethanol with gold nanoparticles and N-hydroxyphthalimide in ionic liquid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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34
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Hirano M, Enokida K, Okazaki KI, Kuwabata S, Yoshida H, Torimoto T. Composition-dependent electrocatalytic activity of AuPd alloy nanoparticles prepared via simultaneous sputter deposition into an ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:7286-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Hong GH, Kang SW. Synthesis of Monodisperse Copper Nanoparticles by Utilizing 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Nitrate and Its Role as Counteranion in Ionic Liquid in the Formation of Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302821g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Hwan Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
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36
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Zhang Q, Yang J, Wang CF, Chen QL, Chen S. Facile fabrication of fluorescent-superhydrophobic bifunctional ligand-free quantum dots. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Jiang DE, Walter M. The halogen analogs of thiolated gold nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4234-4239. [PMID: 22539033 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Is it possible to replace all the thiolates in a thiolated gold nanocluster with halogens while still maintaining the geometry and the electronic structure? In this work, we show from density functional theory that such halogen analogs of thiolated gold nanoclusters are highly likely. Using Au(25)X(18)(-) as an example, where X = F, Cl, Br, or I replaces -SR, we find that Au(25)Cl(18)(-) demonstrates a high similarity to Au(25)(SR)(18)(-) by showing Au-Cl distances, Cl-Au-Cl angles, band gap, and frontier orbitals similar to those in Au(25)(SR)(18)(-). DFT-based global minimization also indicates the energetic preference of staple formation for the Au(25)Cl(18)(-) cluster. The similarity between Au(m)(SR)(n) and Au(m)X(n) could be exploited to make viable Au(m)X(n) clusters and to predict structures for Au(m)(SR)(n).
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Affiliation(s)
- De-en Jiang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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38
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Vollmer C, Thomann R, Janiak C. Organic carbonates as stabilizing solvents for transition-metal nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9722-7. [PMID: 22786622 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable, non-toxic, "green" and inexpensive propylene carbonate (PC) solvent is shown to function as a stabilizing medium for the synthesis of weakly-coordinated transition-metal nanoparticles. Kinetically stable nanoparticles (M-NPs) with a small and uniform particle size (typically <5 ± 1 nm) have been reproducibly obtained by easy, rapid (3 min) and energy-saving 50 W microwave irradiation under an argon atmosphere from their metal-carbonyl precursors in PC. The M-NP/PC dispersions are stable for up to three weeks according to repeated TEM studies over this time period. The rhodium nanoparticle/PC dispersion is a highly active catalyst for the biphasic liquid-liquid hydrogenation of cyclohexene to cyclohexane with activities of up to and 1875 (mol product) (mol Rh)(-1) h(-1) and near quantitative conversion at 4 to 10 bar H(2) and 90 °C. From the PC dispersion the M-NPs can be coated with organic capping ligands such as 3-mercaptopropionic acid or trioctylphosphine oxide for further stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vollmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
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39
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Controlled synthesis, formation mechanism and upconversion luminescence of NaYF4: Yb, Er nano-/submicrocrystals via ionothermal approach. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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41
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Katsyuba SA, Zvereva EE, Yan N, Yuan X, Kou Y, Dyson PJ. Rationalization of Solvation and Stabilization of Palladium Nanoparticles in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids by DFT and Vibrational Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1781-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Zhao S, Ren Y, Lu W, Wang J, Yin W. A theoretical investigation of the interaction between small Pd particles and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium ionic liquids with Cl−, BF4− and PF6− anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13444-51. [PMID: 22948285 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, PR China
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43
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Marquardt D, Barthel J, Braun M, Ganter C, Janiak C. Weakly-coordinated stable platinum nanocrystals. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25904d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen PY, Huang HY. Formation of noble metal nanoparticles through chemical reduction induced by coordination-alteration of complex ions in ionic liquids and electroanalytical application. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Mertens SFL, Vollmer C, Held A, Aguirre MH, Walter M, Janiak C, Wandlowski T. Quantisierte Aufladung von “ligandenfreien” Clustern in einer ionischen Flüssigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mertens SFL, Vollmer C, Held A, Aguirre MH, Walter M, Janiak C, Wandlowski T. “Ligand-Free” Cluster Quantized Charging in an Ionic Liquid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9735-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Naked metal nanoparticles from metal carbonyls in ionic liquids: Easy synthesis and stabilization. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Marquardt D, Xie Z, Taubert A, Thomann R, Janiak C. Microwave synthesis and inherent stabilization of metal nanoparticles in 1-methyl-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:8290-3. [PMID: 21701737 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10795j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of Co-NPs and Mn-NPs by microwave-induced decomposition of the metal carbonyls Co(2)(CO)(8) and Mn(2)(CO)(10), respectively, yields smaller and better separated particles in the functionalized IL 1-methyl-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EmimCO(2)H][BF(4)] (1.6 ± 0.3 nm and 4.3 ± 1.0 nm, respectively) than in the non-functionalized IL 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF(4)]. The particles are stable in the absence of capping ligands (surfactants) for more than six months although some variation in particle size could be observed by TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Marquardt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf
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Vanecht E, Binnemans K, Seo JW, Stappers L, Fransaer J. Growth of sputter-deposited gold nanoparticles in ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:13565-71. [PMID: 21674115 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20552h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The growth of gold nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by sputter deposition on an ionic liquid surface is studied in situ in the bulk phase of the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide [C(1)C(4)Im][N(CN)(2)], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide [C(1)C(4)Im][Tf(2)N], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C(1)C(4)Im][BF(4)], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C(1)C(4)Im][PF(6)] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate [C(1)C(4)Im][TfO]. It is found that primary nanoparticles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 nm are present in the sample immediately after sputtering. Growth of these primary particles proceeds after the end of the sputtering process and stops when the nanoparticles reach a certain size. Depending on the viscosity of the ionic liquid this growth process can proceed several hours to several days. The growth speed is fastest for the least viscous ionic liquid and follows the trend [C(1)C(4)Im][N(CN)(2)] > [C(1)C(4)Im][Tf(2)N] > [C(1)C(4)Im][TfO] > [C(1)C(4)Im][BF(4)] > [C(1)C(4)Im][PF(6)]. It is also found that a higher concentration of sputtered gold results in faster growth of the gold nanoparticles. A discussion on the growth mechanism of sputtered gold NPs is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Vanecht
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F-P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Chirea M, Freitas A, Vasile BS, Ghitulica C, Pereira CM, Silva F. Gold nanowire networks: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:3906-3913. [PMID: 21348463 DOI: 10.1021/la104092b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanowire networks (AuNWNs) with average widths of 17.74 nm (AuNWN(1)) or 23.54 nm (AuNWN(2)) were synthesized by direct reduction of HAuCl(4) with sodium borohydride powder in deep eutectic solvents, such as ethaline or reline, at 40 °C. Their width and length were dependent on the type of solvent and the NaBH(4)/HAuCl(4) molar ratio (32 in ethaline and 5.2 in reline). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis of the gold nanowire networks showed clear lattice fringes of polycrystalline nanopowder of d = 2.36, 2.04, 1.44, and 1.23 Å corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), or (311) crystallographic planes of face centered cubic gold. The purified AuNWNs were used as catalysts for the chemical reduction of p-nitroaniline to diaminophenylene with sodium borohydride in aqueous solution. The reaction was monitored in real time by UV-vis spectroscopy. The results show that the reduction process is six times faster in the presence of gold nanowire networks stabilized by urea from the reline (AuNWN(2)) than in the presence of gold nanowire networks stabilized by ethylene glycol from ethaline (AuNWN(1)). This is due to a higher number of corners and edges on the gold nanowires synthesized in reline than on those synthesized in ethaline as proven by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns recorded for both types of gold nanowire networks. Nevertheless, both types of nanomaterials determined short times of reaction and high conversion of p-nitroaniline to diaminophenylene. These gold nanomaterials represent a new addition to a new generation of catalysts: gold based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chirea
- CIQ-UP L4, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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