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Khlyustova A, Cheng Y, Yang R. Vapor-deposited functional polymer thin films in biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6588-6609. [PMID: 32756662 PMCID: PMC7429282 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymer coatings have become ubiquitous in biological applications, ranging from biomaterials and drug delivery to manufacturing-scale separation of biomolecules using functional membranes. Recent advances in the technology of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have enabled precise control of the polymer chemistry, coating thickness, and conformality. That comprehensive control of surface properties has been used to elicit desirable interactions at the interface between synthetic materials and living organisms, making vapor-deposited functional polymers uniquely suitable for biological applications. This review captures the recent technological development in vapor-deposited functional polymer coatings, highlighting their biological applications, including membrane-based bio-separations, biosensing and bio-MEMS, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. The conformal nature of vapor-deposited coatings ensures uniform coverage over micro- and nano-structured surfaces, allowing the independent optimization of surface and bulk properties. The substrate-independence of CVD techniques enables facile transfer of surface characteristics among different applications. The vapor-deposited functional polymer thin films tend to be biocompatible because they are free of remnant toxic solvents and precursor molecules, potentially lowering the barrier to clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Khlyustova
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.
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Baba K, Bengasi G, El Assad D, Grysan P, Lentzen E, Heinze K, Frache G, Boscher ND. Conductive Directly Fused Poly(Porphyrin) Coatings by Oxidative Chemical Vapour Deposition - From Single- to Triple-Fused. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dana El Assad
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Patrick Grysan
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Esther Lentzen
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Gilles Frache
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
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Yasin MN, Brooke RK, Rudd S, Chan A, Chen WT, Waterhouse GI, Evans D, Rupenthal ID, Svirskis D. 3-Dimensionally ordered macroporous PEDOT ion-exchange resins prepared by vapor phase polymerization for triggered drug delivery: Fabrication and characterization. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Park C, Na J, Kim E. Cross Stacking of Nanopatterned PEDOT Films for Use as Soft Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28802-28809. [PMID: 28800216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cross stacking of nanopatterned conductive polymer film was explored using a sacrificial soft template made of nanopatterned polystyrene (PS) film as a guide for nanopatterned conductive polymer film. For use as a conductive film, the PS pattern was filled with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and then completely removed, to generate single-patterned PEDOT (SPDOT) film having a conductivity of 1079 S/cm, which was comparable to the pristine unpatterned PEDOT (UPDOT) film on a glass slide. SPDOT layers were stacked across each other to form double-layered (DPDOT) and multiple-layered patterned PEDOT film on a glass slide or polymeric substrate. The patterned PEDOT film showed enhanced optical and electrochemical activity; specifically as compared to the UPDOT film on a glass slide, the DPDOT film showed an increase in reflectance and an enhanced electrochemically active surface by 23.4% and 32.8%, respectively. The patterned PEDOT film on a polymer substrate showed high bendability up to being completely folded and maintained its conductivity for over 10 000 cycles of bending. The patterned PEDOT layers were applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as a transparent conductive oxide (TCO)-free counter electrode. An N719-based DSSC with a DPDOT film recorded a photoconversion efficiency of 7.54%, which is one of the highest values among the TCO-free DSSCs based on a PEDOT counter electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Rajesh M, Justin Raj C, Kim BC, Manikandan R, Kim KH, Park SY, Yu KH. Evaporative successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction polymerization of PEDOT: a simple and cost effective technique for binder free supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Balkan A, Armagan E, Ozaydin Ince G. Synthesis of coaxial nanotubes of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by oxidative/initiated chemical vapor deposition. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:872-882. [PMID: 28503398 PMCID: PMC5405682 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Vapor-phase synthesis techniques of polymeric nanostructures offer unique advantages over conventional, solution-based techniques because of their solventless nature. In this work, we report the fabrication of coaxial polymer nanotubes using two different chemical vapor deposition methods. The fabrication process involves the deposition of an outer layer of the conductive polyaniline (PANI) by oxidative chemical vapor deposition, followed by the deposition of the inner layer of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogel by initiated chemical vapor deposition. The vapor-phase techniques allowed for fine-tuning of the thickness of the individual layers, keeping the functionalities of the polymers intact. The response of the single components and the coaxial nanotubes to changes in humidity was investigated for potential humidity sensor applications. For single-component conductive PANI nanotubes, the resistance changed parabolically with relative humidity because of competing effects of doping and swelling of the PANI polymer under humid conditions. Introducing a hydrogel inner layer increased the overall resistance, and enhanced swelling, which caused the resistance to continuously increase with relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Balkan
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Efe Armagan
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gozde Ozaydin Ince
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Application Center, Sabanci University, Orhanli, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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Effects of FeCl3as oxidizing agent on the conduction mechanisms in polypyrrole (PPy)/pc–ZnO hybrid heterojunctions grown by oxidative chemical vapor deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Park JW, Na W, Jang J. One-pot synthesis of multidimensional conducting polymer nanotubes for superior performance field-effect transistor-type carcinoembryonic antigen biosensors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamer FET sensors based on carboxylated polypyrrole multidimensional nanotubes show ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity toward CEA, and superior lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
| | - Wonjoo Na
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Korea
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Park S, Kang YJ, Majd S. A Review of Patterned Organic Bioelectronic Materials and their Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7583-7619. [PMID: 26397962 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronic materials are rapidly emerging as superior replacements for a number of conventional electronic materials, such as metals and semiconductors. Conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, organic light-emitting diodes, and diamond films fabricated via chemical vapor deposition are the most popular organic bioelectronic materials that are currently under active research and development. Besides the capability to translate biological signals to electrical signals or vice versa, organic bioelectronic materials entail greater biocompatibility and biodegradability compared to conventional electronic materials, which makes them more suitable for biomedical applications. When patterned, these materials bring about numerous capabilities to perform various tasks in a more-sophisticated and high-throughput manner. Here, we provide an overview of the unique properties of organic bioelectronic materials, different strategies applied to pattern these materials, and finally their applications in the field of biomedical engineering, particularly biosensing, cell and tissue engineering, actuators, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- SooHyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - You Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sheereen Majd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Lee JE, Lee Y, Ahn KJ, Huh J, Shim HW, Sampath G, Im WB, Huh Y, Yoon H. Role of co-vapors in vapor deposition polymerization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8420. [PMID: 25673422 PMCID: PMC5389134 DOI: 10.1038/srep08420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy)/cellulose (PPCL) composite papers were fabricated by vapor phase polymerization. Importantly, the vapor-phase deposition of PPy onto cellulose was assisted by employing different co-vapors namely methanol, ethanol, benzene, water, toluene and hexane, in addition to pyrrole. The resulting PPCL papers possessed high mechanical flexibility, large surface-to-volume ratio, and good redox properties. Their main properties were highly influenced by the nature of the co-vaporized solvent. The morphology and oxidation level of deposited PPy were tuned by employing co-vapors during the polymerization, which in turn led to change in the electrochemical properties of the PPCL papers. When methanol and ethanol were used as co-vapors, the conductivities of PPCL papers were found to have improved five times, which was likely due to the enhanced orientation of PPy chain by the polar co-vapors with high dipole moment. The specific capacitance of PPCL papers obtained using benzene, toluene, water and hexane co-vapors was higher than those of the others, which is attributed to the enlarged effective surface area of the electrode material. The results indicate that the judicious choice and combination of co-vapors in vapor-deposition polymerization (VDP) offers the possibility of tuning the morphological, electrical, and electrochemical properties of deposited conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Ki-Jin Ahn
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Huh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Shim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Gayathri Sampath
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Won Bin Im
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Yang–Il Huh
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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Heo SY, Koh JK, Kim JK, Lee CS, Kim JH. Three-dimensional Conducting Polymer Films for Pt-free Counter Electrodes in Quasi-solid-state Dye-sensitized Solar Cells. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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D'Arcy JM, El-Kady MF, Khine PP, Zhang L, Lee SH, Davis NR, Liu DS, Yeung MT, Kim SY, Turner CL, Lech AT, Hammond PT, Kaner RB. Vapor-phase polymerization of nanofibrillar poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for supercapacitors. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1500-10. [PMID: 24490747 DOI: 10.1021/nn405595r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with large surface areas enhance the performance of energy storage devices such as electrochemical supercapacitors. However, until now, high aspect ratio nanofibers of this polymer could only be deposited from the vapor-phase, utilizing extrinsic hard templates such as electrospun nanofibers and anodized aluminum oxide. These routes result in low conductivity and require postsynthetic template removal, conditions that stifle the development of conducting polymer electronics. Here we introduce a simple process that overcomes these drawbacks and results in vertically directed high aspect ratio poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofibers possessing a high conductivity of 130 S/cm. Nanofibers deposit as a freestanding mechanically robust film that is easily processable into a supercapacitor without using organic binders or conductive additives and is characterized by excellent cycling stability, retaining more than 92% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. Deposition of nanofibers on a hard carbon fiber paper current collector affords a highly efficient and stable electrode for a supercapacitor exhibiting gravimetric capacitance of 175 F/g and 94% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio M D'Arcy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Coclite AM, Howden RM, Borrelli DC, Petruczok CD, Yang R, Yagüe JL, Ugur A, Chen N, Lee S, Jo WJ, Liu A, Wang X, Gleason KK. 25th anniversary article: CVD polymers: a new paradigm for surface modification and device fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5392-423. [PMID: 24115244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Well-adhered, conformal, thin (<100 nm) coatings can easily be obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for a variety of technological applications. Room temperature modification with functional polymers can be achieved on virtually any substrate: organic, inorganic, rigid, flexible, planar, three-dimensional, dense, or porous. In CVD polymerization, the monomer(s) are delivered to the surface through the vapor phase and then undergo simultaneous polymerization and thin film formation. By eliminating the need to dissolve macromolecules, CVD enables insoluble polymers to be coated and prevents solvent damage to the substrate. CVD film growth proceeds from the substrate up, allowing for interfacial engineering, real-time monitoring, and thickness control. Initiated-CVD shows successful results in terms of rationally designed micro- and nanoengineered materials to control molecular interactions at material surfaces. The success of oxidative-CVD is mainly demonstrated for the deposition of organic conducting and semiconducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010 , Austria
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Bhattacharyya D, Howden RM, Borrelli DC, Gleason KK. Vapor phase oxidative synthesis of conjugated polymers and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Luo SC, Sekine J, Zhu B, Zhao H, Nakao A, Yu HH. Polydioxythiophene nanodots, nonowires, nano-networks, and tubular structures: the effect of functional groups and temperature in template-free electropolymerization. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3018-3026. [PMID: 22424318 DOI: 10.1021/nn300737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Various nanostructures, including nanofibers, nanodots, nanonetwork, and nano- to microsize tubes of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (EDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (ProDOT) are created by using a template-free electropolymerization method on indium-tin-oxide substrates. By investigating conducting polymer nanostructures containing various functional groups prepared at different polymerization temperature, we conclude a synergistic effect of functional groups and temperature on the formation of polymer nanostructures when a template-free electropolymerization method is applied. For unfunctionalized EDOT and ProDOT, or EDOT containing alkyl functional groups, nanofibers and nanoporous structures are usually found. Interesting, when polar functional groups are attached, conducting polymers tend to form nanodots at room temperature while grow tubular structures at low temperature. The relationship between surface properties and their nanostructures is evaluated by contact angle measurements. The capacity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were conducted to understand the electrical properties of using these materials as electrodes. The results provide the relationship between the functional groups, nanostructures, and electrical properties. We also discuss the potential restriction of using this method to create nanostructures. The copolymerization of different functionalized EDOTs may cause irregular and unexpected nanostructures, which indicates the complex interaction between different functionalized monomers during the electropolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Bhattacharyya D, Gleason KK. Low band gap conformal polyselenophene thin films by oxidative chemical vapor deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13755g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ozaydin-Ince G, Coclite AM, Gleason KK. CVD of polymeric thin films: applications in sensors, biotechnology, microelectronics/organic electronics, microfluidics, MEMS, composites and membranes. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:016501. [PMID: 22790306 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/1/016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymers with their tunable functionalities offer the ability to rationally design micro- and nano-engineered materials. Their synthesis as thin films have significant advantages due to the reduced amounts of materials used, faster processing times and the ability to modify the surface while preserving the structural properties of the bulk. Furthermore, their low cost, ease of fabrication and the ability to be easily integrated into processing lines, make them attractive alternatives to their inorganic thin film counterparts. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as a polymer thin-film deposition technique offers a versatile platform for fabrication of a wide range of polymer thin films preserving all the functionalities. Solventless, vapor-phase deposition enable the integration of polymer thin films or nanostructures into micro- and nanodevices for improved performance. In this review, CVD of functional polymer thin films and the polymerization mechanisms are introduced. The properties of the polymer thin films that determine their behavior are discussed and their technological advances and applications are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Ozaydin-Ince
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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Deng X, Friedmann C, Lahann J. Bio-orthogonal “Double-Click” Chemistry Based on Multifunctional Coatings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Deng X, Friedmann C, Lahann J. Bio-orthogonal “Double-Click” Chemistry Based on Multifunctional Coatings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6522-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang Y, Hosta-Rigau L, Lomas H, Caruso F. Nanostructured polymer assemblies formed at interfaces: applications from immobilization and encapsulation to stimuli-responsive release. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4782-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02287j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Velusamy V, Arshak K, Yang CF, Yu L, Korostynska O, Adley C. Comparison between DNA Immobilization Techniques on a Redox Polymer Matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2011.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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