1
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Frommer J, Oppenheimer R, Allott BM, Núñez-Pertíñez S, Wilks TR, Cox LR, Bath J, O'Reilly RK, Turberfield AJ. A New Architecture for DNA-Templated Synthesis in Which Abasic Sites Protect Reactants from Degradation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317482. [PMID: 38346169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of artificial sequence-defined polymers that match and extend the functionality of proteins is an important goal in materials science. One way of achieving this is to program a sequence of chemical reactions between precursor building blocks by means of attached oligonucleotide adapters. However, hydrolysis of the reactive building blocks has so far limited the length and yield of product that can be obtained using DNA-templated reactions. Here, we report an architecture for DNA-templated synthesis in which reactants are tethered at internal abasic sites on opposite strands of a DNA duplex. We show that an abasic site within a DNA duplex can protect a nearby thioester from degradation, significantly increasing the yield of a DNA-templated reaction. This protective effect has the potential to overcome the challenges associated with programmable, sequence-controlled synthesis of long non-natural polymers by extending the lifetime of the reactive building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Frommer
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Oppenheimer
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Benjamin M Allott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Samuel Núñez-Pertíñez
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Thomas R Wilks
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Liam R Cox
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jonathan Bath
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Turberfield
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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2
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Yin L, Wang A, Shi H, Gao M. Quantitatively visualizing the activity of MMP-2 enzyme in vivo using a ratiometric photoacoustic probe. Methods Enzymol 2021; 657:59-87. [PMID: 34353499 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the recent progress in development of small-molecule probes for quantitatively imaging of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity in living mice. We provide the detailed protocols for synthesis, characterization, and validation of a new multimodal probe QC with the near-infrared (NIR), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and photoacoustic (PA) imaging capabilities for accurate and quantitative detection of MMP-2 in vivo. We believe that this probe developed in our research group would offer a useful tool for precise evaluation of tumor metastasis as well as therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, PR China
| | - Anna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Haibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China.
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3
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Cao Y, Zhu W, Wei H, Ma C, Lin Y, Zhu JJ. Stable and Monochromatic All-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Assisted by Hollow Carbon Nitride Nanosphere for Ratiometric Electrochemiluminescence Bioanalysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4123-4130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Wenlei Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Huifang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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4
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Yin L, Sun H, Zhang H, He L, Qiu L, Lin J, Xia H, Zhang Y, Ji S, Shi H, Gao M. Quantitatively Visualizing Tumor-Related Protease Activity in Vivo Using a Ratiometric Photoacoustic Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3265-3273. [PMID: 30689382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of tumor-related proteases plays a critical role in cancer invasion, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, it is considerably meaningful to non-invasively assess the proteases' activity in vivo for both tumor diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation. Herein, we report an activatable probe constructed with a near-infrared dye (Cy5.5) and a quencher (QSY21) covalently linked through a peptide substrate of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) that was chosen as a model for tumor-associated proteases. Upon cleavage with activated MMP-2, this probe emitted an MMP-2-concentration-dependent fluorescence. Quite unexpectedly, owing to the variation in the aggregation state of both the dye and its quencher as a consequence of the cleavage, the responsive probe presented a dramatic MMP-2-concentration-dependent absorption at around 680 nm, while that at around 730 nm was MMP-2 concentration independent. These features allowed detection of MMP-2 activity via both fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging in vitro, respectively. Moreover, taking the PA signal at 730 nm as an internal reference, the PA signal at 680 nm allowed quantitative detection of MMP-2 expression in breast cancer in vivo. We thus envision that our current approach would offer a useful tool for studying the malignant impacts of versatile tumor-associated proteases in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jining University , Qufu 273155 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine , Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Wuxi 214063 , P. R. China
| | - Huawei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Shunjun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Haibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China.,Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , BeiYiJie 2, Zhong Guan Cun , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
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5
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Srinivasan V, Manne AK, Patnaik SG, Ramamurthy SS. Cellphone Monitoring of Multi-Qubit Emission Enhancements from Pd-Carbon Plasmonic Nanocavities in Tunable Coupling Regimes with Attomolar Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23281-8. [PMID: 27529116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time the tuning of qubit emission based on cavity engineering on plasmonic silver thin films. This tunable transition from weak to strong coupling regime in plasmon-coupled fluorescence platform was achieved with the use of palladium nanocomposites. In addition to our recently established correlation between Purcell factor and surface plasmon-coupled emission enhancements, we now show that the qubit-cavity environment experiences the Purcell effect, Casimir force, internal fano resonance, and Rabi splitting. Finite-difference time-domain simulations and time correlated single photon counting studies helped probe the molecular structure of the radiating dipole, rhodamine-6G, in palladium-based nanocavities. The sensitivity of the qubit-cavity mode helped attain a DNA detection limit of 1 aM (attomolar) and multianalyte sensing at picomolar concentration with the use of a smartphone camera and CIE color space. We believe that this low-cost technology will lay the groundwork for mobile phone-based next-gen plasmonic sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Srinivasan
- Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning , Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India 515134
| | - Anupam Kumar Manne
- Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning , Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India 515134
| | - Sai Gourang Patnaik
- Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning , Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India 515134
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning , Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India 515134
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6
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Ren W, Ji A, Karmach O, Carter DG, Martins-Green MM, Ai HW. A membrane-activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe with ultra-photostability for mitochondrial membrane potentials. Analyst 2016; 141:3679-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01860a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dark for light: A fluorescence quencher was turned into a near-infrared probe for mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Ao Ji
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Omran Karmach
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | - David G. Carter
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | | | - Hui-wang Ai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
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7
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S. V, Badiya PK, Ramamurthy SS. Purcell factor based understanding of enhancements in surface plasmon-coupled emission with DNA architectures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:681-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the Purcell factor with DNA architectures to realize >130-fold fluorescence enhancements in surface plasmon-coupled emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh S.
- Plasmonics Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning
- Prasanthi Nilayam Campus
- Anantapur
| | - Pradeep Kumar Badiya
- Plasmonics Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning
- Prasanthi Nilayam Campus
- Anantapur
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- Plasmonics Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning
- Prasanthi Nilayam Campus
- Anantapur
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8
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Wang Y, Lin T, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Jin H, He H, Yang VC, Chen Y, Huang Y. A Prodrug-type, MMP-2-targeting Nanoprobe for Tumor Detection and Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:787-95. [PMID: 26000052 PMCID: PMC4440437 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated proteases (TAPs) have been intensively studied because of their critical roles in cancer development. As a case in point, expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) is significantly up-regulated in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis among a majority of cancers. Here we present a prodrug-type, MMP-2-responsive nanoprobe system with high efficiency and low toxicity for detecting MMP-2-overexpressed tumors. The nanoprobe system is featured by its self-assembled fabrication and FRET effect. This prodrug-type nanoprobe is selectively activated by MMP-2, and thus useful for detection of the MMP-2-overexpressed cells and tumors. The nanoprobe system works successfully in various animal tumor models, including human fibrosarcoma and subcutaneous glioma xenograft. Furthermore, in order to overcome the blood brain barrier (BBB) and achieve brain tumor targeting, a transferrin-receptor targeting peptide (T7 peptide) is strategically incorporated into the nanoprobe. The T7-functionalized nanoprobe is capable of detecting the orthotopic brain tumor, with clear, real-time in vivo imaging. This method is promising for in vivo detection of brain tumor, and real-time monitor of a TAP (i.e., MMP-2).
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9
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Sanju KS, Thurakkal S, Neelakandan PP, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Simultaneous binding of a cyclophane and classical intercalators to DNA: observation of FRET-mediated white light emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13495-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00208g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
FRET tuning in ternary systems consisting of DNA, an anthracene based cyclophane and a DNA mono-/bis-intercalator is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnankutty S. Sanju
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Shameel Thurakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Prakash P. Neelakandan
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695019
- India
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10
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Kroutil O, Romancová I, Šíp M, Chval Z. Cy3 and Cy5 dyes terminally attached to 5'C end of DNA: structure, dynamics, and energetics. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13564-72. [PMID: 25365696 DOI: 10.1021/jp509459y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cy3 and Cy5 cyanine dyes terminally attached to the 5'C end (C1) of the DNA oligonucleotide were studied by metadynamics (MTD), molecular dynamics (MD), and density-functional methods with dispersion corrections (DFT-D). MTD simulations explored the free energy surface (FES) of the dye-DNA interactions, which included stacking and major groove binding motifs and unstacked structures. Dynamics of the stacked structures was studied by the MD simulations. All possible combinations of stacking interactions between the two indole rings of the dyes and the neighbor guanine and cytosine rings were observed. The most probable interaction included the stacking between the dye's distal indole ring and the guanine base. In ∼10% of the structures the delocalized π-electrons of the dyes' polymethine linkers played a key role in the dye-DNA dispersion interactions. The stacked conformers of the Cy3 dye were confirmed as true minima by DFT-D full optimizations. The stacked dye decreased flexibility up to two neighbor base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kroutil
- Department of Laboratory Methods and Information Systems, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia , J. Boreckého 27, 37011 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Nogueira JJ, González L. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Binding Modes between Methylene Blue and DNA with Alternating GC and AT Sequences. Biochemistry 2014; 53:2391-412. [DOI: 10.1021/bi500068z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Nogueira
- Institute
of Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Tang A, Mei B, Wang W, Hu W, Li F, Zhou J, Yang Q, Cui H, Wu M, Liang G. FITC-quencher based caspase 3-activatable nanoprobes for effectively sensing caspase 3 in vitro and in cells. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:8963-8967. [PMID: 23970215 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
By employing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) quenching, we rationally designed two new FITC-quencher based nanoprobes for effectively sensing caspase 3 (Casp3) in vitro and in cells. Our nanoprobes hold promise for assessing the chemotherapeutic effect of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anming Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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13
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Tanaka K, Yamane H, Yoshii R, Chujo Y. Efficient light absorbers based on thiophene-fused boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2715-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Preus S, Wilhelmsson LM. Advances in quantitative FRET-based methods for studying nucleic acids. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1990-2001. [PMID: 22936620 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful tool for monitoring molecular distances and interactions at the nanoscale level. The strong dependence of transfer efficiency on probe separation makes FRET perfectly suited for "on/off" experiments. To use FRET to obtain quantitative distances and three-dimensional structures, however, is more challenging. This review summarises recent studies and technological advances that have improved FRET as a quantitative molecular ruler in nucleic acid systems, both at the ensemble and at the single-molecule levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Preus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Kupstat A, Ritschel T, Kumke MU. Oxazine dye-conjugated dna oligonucleotides: Förster resonance energy transfer in view of molecular dye-DNA interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2546-57. [PMID: 22073970 DOI: 10.1021/bc200379y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the photophysical properties of two oxazine dyes (ATTO 610 and ATTO 680) covalently attached via a C6-amino linker to the 5'-end of short single-stranded as well as double-stranded DNA (ssDNA and dsDNA, respectively) of different lengths were investigated. The two oxazine dyes were chosen because of the excellent spectral overlap, the high extinction coefficients, and the high fluorescence quantum yield of ATTO 610, making them an attractive Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair for bioanalytical applications in the far-red spectral range. To identify possible molecular dye-DNA interactions that cause photophysical alterations, we performed a detailed spectroscopic study, including time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements. As an effect of the DNA conjugation, the absorption and fluorescence maxima of both dyes were bathochromically shifted and the fluorescence decay times were increased. Moreover, the absorption of conjugated ATTO 610 was spectrally broadened, and a dual fluorescence emission was observed. Steric interactions with ssDNA as well as dsDNA were found for both dyes. The dye-DNA interactions were strengthened from ssDNA to dsDNA conjugates, pointing toward interactions with specific dsDNA domains (such as the top of the double helix). Although these interactions partially blocked the dye-linker rotation, a free (unhindered) rotational mobility of at least one dye facilitated the appropriate alignment of the transition dipole moments in doubly labeled ATTO 610/ATTO 680-dsDNA conjugates for the performance of successful FRET. Considering the high linker flexibility for the determination of the donor-acceptor distances, good accordance between theoretical and experimental FRET parameters was obtained. The considerably large Förster distance of ~7 nm recommends the application of this FRET pair not only for the detection of binding reactions between nucleic acids in living cells but also for monitoring interactions of larger biomolecules such as proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Kupstat
- Universität Potsdam , Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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