1
|
Kim TY, De R, Choi I, Kim H, Hahn SK. Multifunctional nanomaterials for smart wearable diabetic healthcare devices. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122630. [PMID: 38815456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Wearable diabetic healthcare devices have attracted great attention for real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) using biofluids such as tears, sweat, saliva, and interstitial fluid via noninvasive ways. In response to the escalating global demand for CGM, these devices enable proactive management and intervention of diabetic patients with incorporated drug delivery systems (DDSs). In this context, multifunctional nanomaterials can trigger the development of innovative sensing and management platforms to facilitate real-time selective glucose monitoring with remarkable sensitivity, on-demand drug delivery, and wireless power and data transmission. The seamless integration into wearable devices ensures patient's compliance. This comprehensive review evaluates the multifaceted roles of these materials in wearable diabetic healthcare devices, comparing their glucose sensing capabilities with conventionally available glucometers and CGM devices, and finally outlines the merits, limitations, and prospects of these devices. This review would serve as a valuable resource, elucidating the intricate functions of nanomaterials for the successful development of advanced wearable devices in diabetes management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Ranjit De
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Inhoo Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Dai C, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wei D. Molecular-electromechanical system for unamplified detection of trace analytes in biofluids. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00830-x. [PMID: 37208410 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biological research and diagnostic applications normally require analysis of trace analytes in biofluids. Although considerable advancements have been made in developing precise molecular assays, the trade-off between sensitivity and ability to resist non-specific adsorption remains a challenge. Here, we describe the implementation of a testing platform based on a molecular-electromechanical system (MolEMS) immobilized on graphene field-effect transistors. A MolEMS is a self-assembled DNA nanostructure, containing a stiff tetrahedral base and a flexible single-stranded DNA cantilever. Electromechanical actuation of the cantilever modulates sensing events close to the transistor channel, improving signal-transduction efficiency, while the stiff base prevents non-specific adsorption of background molecules present in biofluids. A MolEMS realizes unamplified detection of proteins, ions, small molecules and nucleic acids within minutes and has a limit of detection of several copies in 100 μl of testing solution, offering an assay methodology with wide-ranging applications. In this protocol, we provide step-by-step procedures for MolEMS design and assemblage, sensor manufacture and operation of a MolEMS in several applications. We also describe adaptations to construct a portable detection platform. It takes ~18 h to construct the device and ~4 min to finish the testing from sample addition to result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yungeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Wang X, Wu Y, Guo M, Gu C, Dai C, Kong D, Wang Y, Zhang C, Qu D, Fan C, Xie Y, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Wei D. Rapid and ultrasensitive electromechanical detection of ions, biomolecules and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in unamplified samples. Nat Biomed Eng 2022. [PMID: 35132229 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-41021-00833-41557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of samples at ultralow concentrations (one to ten copies in 100 μl) in biofluids is hampered by the orders-of-magnitude higher amounts of 'background' biomolecules. Here we report a molecular system, immobilized on a liquid-gated graphene field-effect transistor and consisting of an aptamer probe bound to a flexible single-stranded DNA cantilever linked to a self-assembled stiff tetrahedral double-stranded DNA structure, for the rapid and ultrasensitive electromechanical detection (down to one to two copies in 100 μl) of unamplified nucleic acids in biofluids, and also of ions, small molecules and proteins, as we show for Hg2+, adenosine 5'-triphosphate and thrombin. We implemented an electromechanical biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 into an integrated and portable prototype device, and show that it detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in less than four minutes in all nasopharyngeal samples from 33 patients with COVID-19 (with cycle threshold values of 24.9-41.3) and in none of the 54 COVID-19-negative controls, without the need for RNA extraction or nucleic acid amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yungen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenjian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Derong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Wang X, Wu Y, Guo M, Gu C, Dai C, Kong D, Wang Y, Zhang C, Qu D, Fan C, Xie Y, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Wei D. Rapid and ultrasensitive electromechanical detection of ions, biomolecules and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in unamplified samples. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:276-285. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
5
|
Komarov IA, Bobrinetskiy II, Golovin AV, Zalevsky AO, Aydarkhanov RD. Technological prospects of developing DNA-modified biosensors based on carbon nanotubes. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350915050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
6
|
Optical detection of paraoxon using single-walled carbon nanotube films with attached organophosphorus hydrolase-expressed Escherichia coli. SENSORS 2015; 15:12513-25. [PMID: 26024418 PMCID: PMC4507580 DOI: 10.3390/s150612513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In whole-cell based biosensors, spectrophotometry is one of the most commonly used methods for detecting organophosphates due to its simplicity and reliability. The sensor performance is directly affected by the cell immobilization method because it determines the amount of cells, the mass transfer rate, and the stability. In this study, we demonstrated that our previously-reported microbe immobilization method, a microbe-attached single-walled carbon nanotube film, can be applied to whole-cell-based organophosphate sensors. This method has many advantages over other whole-cell organophosphate sensors, including high specific activity, quick cell immobilization, and excellent stability. A device with circular electrodes was fabricated for an enlarged cell-immobilization area. Escherichia coli expressing organophosphorus hydrolase in the periplasmic space and single-walled carbon nanotubes were attached to the device by our method. Paraoxon was hydrolyzed using this device, and detected by measuring the concentration of the enzymatic reaction product, p-nitrophenol. The specific activity of our device was calculated, and was shown to be over 2.5 times that reported previously for other whole-cell organophosphate sensors. Thus, this method for generation of whole-cell-based OP biosensors might be optimal, as it overcomes many of the caveats that prevent the widespread use of other such devices.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee E, Sung J, An T, Shin H, Gil Nam H, Lim G. Simultaneous imaging of the topography and electrochemical activity of a 2D carbon nanotube network using a dual functional L-shaped nanoprobe. Analyst 2015; 140:3150-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous imaging of the topography and electrochemical activity using a dual functional L-shaped nanoprobe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering
- POSTECH
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- POSTECH
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Taechang An
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering
- Andong National University
- Andong
- Republic of Korea
| | - Heungjoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- UNIST
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research
- Institute for Basic Science
- and Department of New Biology
- DGIST
- Daegu 711–873
| | - Geunbae Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- POSTECH
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Malsagova KA, Ivanov YD, Pleshakova TO, Kozlov AF, Krohin NV, Kaysheva AL, Shumov ID, Popov VP, Naumova OV, Fomin BI, Nasimov DA. SOI-nanowire biosensor for detection of D-NFATc1 protein. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s199075081403010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Shin JH, Kim GB, Lee EJ, An T, Shin K, Lee SE, Choi W, Lee S, Latchoumane C, Shin HS, Lim G. Carbon-nanotube-modified electrodes for highly efficient acute neural recording. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:245-52. [PMID: 23950033 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microelectrodes are widely used for monitoring neural activities in various neurobiological studies. The size of the neural electrode is an important factor in determining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of recorded neural signals and, thereby, the recording sensitivity. Here, it is demonstrated that commercial tungsten microelectrodes can be modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), resulting in a highly sensitive recording ability. The impedance with the respect to surface area of the CNT-modified electrodes (CNEs) is much less than that of tungsten microelectrodes because of their large electrochemical surface area (ESA). In addition, the noise level of neural signals recorded by CNEs is significantly less. Thus, the SNR is greater than that obtained using tungsten microelectrodes. Importantly, when applied in a mouse brain in vivo, the CNEs can detect action potentials five times more efficiently than tungsten microelectrodes. This technique provides a significant advance in the recording of neural signals, especially in brain regions with sparse neuronal densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwal Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim I, An T, Choi W, Kim CS, Cha HJ, Lim G. Site-specific immobilization of microbes using carbon nanotubes and dielectrophoretic force for microfluidic applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
11
|
Akhmadishina KF, Bobrinetskii II, Komarov IA, Malovichko AM, Nevolin VK, Petukhov VA, Golovin AV, Zalevskii AO. Flexible biological sensors based on carbon nanotube films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078013060025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Ivanov YD, Pleshakova TO, Kozlov AF, Mal’sagova KA, Krokhin NV, Kaisheva AL, Shumov ID, Popov VP, Naumova OV, Fomin BI, Nasimov DA, Aseev AL, Archakov AI. SOI nanowire transistor for detection of D-NFATc1 molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3103/s8756699013050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Römhildt L, Pahlke C, Zörgiebel F, Braun HG, Opitz J, Baraban L, Cuniberti G. Patterned biochemical functionalization improves aptamer-based detection of unlabeled thrombin in a sandwich assay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12029-35. [PMID: 24171544 DOI: 10.1021/am4038245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a platform for the detection of unlabeled human α-thrombin down to the picomolar range in a fluorescence-based aptamer assay. In this concept, thrombin is captured between two different thrombin binding aptamers, TBA1 (15mer) and TBA2 (29mer), each labeled with a specific fluorescent dye. One aptamer is attached to the surface, the second one is in solution and recognizes surface-captured thrombin. To improve the limit of detection and the comparability of measurements, we employed and compared two approaches to pattern the chip substrate-microcontact printing of organosilanes onto bare glass slides, and controlled printing of the capture aptamer TBA1 in arrays onto functionalized glass substrates using a nanoplotter device. The parallel presence of functionalized and control areas acts as an internal reference. We demonstrate that both techniques enable the detection of thrombin concentrations in a wide range from 0.02 to 200 nM with a detection limit at 20 pM. Finally, the developed method could be transferred to any substrate to probe different targets that have two distinct possible receptors without the need for direct target labeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Römhildt
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and §Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hecht A, Commiskey P, Shah N, Kopelman R. Bead assembly magnetorotation as a signal transduction method for protein detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 48:26-32. [PMID: 23639345 PMCID: PMC3683359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a proof-of-principle for a new signal transduction method for protein detection called Bead Assembly Magnetorotation (BAM). BAM is based on using the target protein to mediate the formation of aptamer-coated 1 μm magnetic beads into a bead assembly, formed at the bottom of a 1 μL hanging droplet. The size, shape and fractal dimension of this bead assembly all depend on the protein concentration. The protein concentration can be measured in two ways: by magnetorotation, in which the rotational period of the assembly correlates with the protein concentration, or by fractal analysis. Additionally, a microscope-free magnetorotation detection method is introduced, based on a simple laser apparatus built from standard laboratory components. In this paper, we chose to focus on the protein thrombin, a popular choice for proof-of-principle work in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Hecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Synergizing nucleic acid aptamers with 1-dimensional nanostructures as label-free field-effect transistor biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:278-93. [PMID: 23872609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction by Gold et al. in 1990, nucleic acid aptamers had evolved to become a true contender in biosensors for protein and cell detections. Aptamers are short strands of synthetically designed DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can be self-assembled into unique 3-dimensional structures and can bind to different proteins, cells or even small molecules at a high level of specificity and affinity. In recent years, there had been many reports in literature in using aptamers in place of conventional antibodies as capture biomolecules on the surface. This is mainly due to the better thermal stability properties and ease in production. Consequently, also these characteristics allowed the aptamers to find use in field effect transistors (FETs) based upon 1D nanostructured (1D-NS) as label-free biosensing. In terms of designing label-free platforms for biosensors applications, 1D-NS FET had been an attractive option due to reported high sensitivities toward protein targets arising from the large surface area for detection as well as to their label-free nature. Since the first aptamer-based 1D-NS FET biosensor had surfaced in 2005, there had been many more improvements in the overall design and sensitivity in recent years. In this review, the latest developments in synergizing these two interesting areas of research (aptamers and 1D-NS FET) will be discussed for a range of different nanowire types as well as for the detection results.
Collapse
|
16
|
Senveli SU, Tigli O. Biosensors in the small scale: methods and technology trends. IET Nanobiotechnol 2013; 7:7-21. [PMID: 23705288 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2012.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a review on biosensors with an emphasis on recent developments in the field. A brief history accompanied by a detailed description of the biosensor concepts is followed by rising trends observed in contemporary micro- and nanoscale biosensors. Performance metrics to quantify and compare different detection mechanisms are presented. A comprehensive analysis on various types and subtypes of biosensors are given. The fields of interest within the scope of this review are label-free electrical, mechanical and optical biosensors as well as other emerging and popular technologies. Especially, the latter half of the last decade is reviewed for the types, methods and results of the most prominently researched detection mechanisms. Tables are provided for comparison of various competing technologies in the literature. The conclusion part summarises the noteworthy advantages and disadvantages of all biosensors reviewed in this study. Furthermore, future directions that the micro- and nanoscale biosensing technologies are expected to take are provided along with the immediate outlook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukru U Senveli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang J, Mao S, Zhang Y, Cui S, Steeber DA, Chen J. Single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with graphene oxide passivation for fast, sensitive, and selective proteindetection. Biosens Bioelectron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
18
|
Goda T, Miyahara Y. Label-free and reagent-less protein biosensing using aptamer-modified extended-gate field-effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 45:89-94. [PMID: 23466588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have developed biosensors based on an aptamer-modified field-effect transistor (FET) for the detection of lysozyme and thrombin. An oligonucleotide aptamer as a sensitive and specific ligand for these model proteins was covalently immobilized on a gold electrode extended to the gate of FET together with thiol molecules to make a densely packed self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The aptamer-based potentiometry was achieved in a multi-parallel way using a microelectrodes array format of the gate electrode. A change in the gate potential was monitored in real-time after introduction of a target protein at various concentrations to the functionalized electrodes in a buffer solution. Specific protein binding altered the charge density at the gate/solution interface, i.e., interface potential, because of the intrinsic local net-charges of the captured protein. The potentiometry successfully determined the lysozyme and thrombin on the solid phase with their dynamic ranges 15.2-1040 nM and 13.4-1300 nM and the limit of detection of 12.0 nM and 6.7 nM, respectively. Importantly, robust signals were obtained by the specific protein recognition even in the spiked 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) conditions. The technique herein described is all within a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible format, and is thus promising for highly efficient and low cost manufacturing with the readiness of downsizing and integration by virtue of advanced semiconductor processing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Self-assembled complex of probe peptide – E. Coli RNA I conjugate and nano graphene oxide for apoptosis diagnosis. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7556-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
20
|
Zelada-Guillén GA, Tweed-Kent A, Niemann M, Göringer HU, Riu J, Rius FX. Ultrasensitive and real-time detection of proteins in blood using a potentiometric carbon-nanotube aptasensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 41:366-71. [PMID: 23017685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric sensing represents the preferred technique in many routine measurements of pH and ions. Unfortunately, the simplicity of the technique has not been exploited so far in high throughput biomolecular sensing. In this work, we demonstrate the capabilities of the hybrid functional material carbon nanotubes/aptamer for the creation of a new generation of nuclease-resistant aptasensors using the potentiometric transduction capabilities of single-walled carbon nanotubes in combination with the recognition capabilities of a protein-specific RNA aptamer. The aptasensor was used to detect and identify disease-related proteins at attomolar concentration values in a rapid and non-expensive way. The variable surface glycoprotein from African Trypanosomes was chosen as an ideal model system for a pathogenic exoantigen protein in a clinical sample. Variations in the electromotive force are achieved in real-time upon the direct addition of diluted real blood samples containing the target protein thus eliminating the need of preliminary matrix removal. This work would open the door to real-time diagnostic assays for a wide range of diseases, but also to the rapid molecular detection of several proteins in truly customizable protein biosensing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Zelada-Guillén
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Smith BD, Mayer TS, Keating CD. Deterministic Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Using Nonuniform Electric Fields. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2012; 63:241-63. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa S. Mayer
- Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; ,
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Graphene and other nanomaterial-based electrochemical aptasensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2012; 2:1-14. [PMID: 25585628 PMCID: PMC4263542 DOI: 10.3390/bios2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical aptasensors, which are based on the specificity of aptamer-target recognition, with electrochemical transduction for analytical purposes have received particular attention due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, simple instrumentation, as well as low production cost. Aptamers are functional nucleic acids with specific and high affinity to their targets, similar to antibodies. However, they are completely selected in vitro in contrast to antibodies. Due to their stability, easy chemical modifications and proneness to nanostructured device construction, aptamer-based sensors have been incorporated in a variety of applications including electrochemical sensing devices. In recent years, the performance of aptasensors has been augmented by incorporating novel nanomaterials in the preparation of better electrochemical sensors. In this review, we summarize the recent trends in the use of nanomaterials for developing electrochemical aptasensors.
Collapse
|
23
|
Høyer H, Knaapila M, Kjelstrup-Hansen J, Liu X, Helgesen G. Individual strings of conducting carbon cones and discs in a polymer matrix: Electric field-induced alignment and their use as a strain sensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
24
|
Juskova P, Foret F. Application of thin metal film elements in bioanalysis. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2779-89. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
25
|
Choi W, An T, Lim G. Organic electrochemical transistors based on a dielectrophoretically aligned nanowire array. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:339. [PMID: 21711863 PMCID: PMC3211427 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) using dielectrophoresis of a carbon nanotube-Nafion (CNT-Nafion) suspension. Dielectrophoretically aligned nanowires formed a one-dimensional submicron bundle between triangular electrodes. The CNT-Nafion composite nanowire bundles showed p-type semiconductor characteristics. The drain-source current decreased with increasing gate voltage. The nanowire bundles showed potential as pH sensor because the drain-source current ratio varied linearly according to the gate voltage in pH buffers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WooSeok Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Taechang An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunbae Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, 790-784 Pohang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
An T, Choi W, Lee E, Kim IT, Moon W, Lim G. Fabrication of functional micro- and nanoneedle electrodes using a carbon nanotube template and electrodeposition. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:306. [PMID: 21711831 PMCID: PMC3211392 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) is an attractive material for needle-like conducting electrodes because it has high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. However, CNTs cannot provide the desired properties in certain applications. To obtain micro- and nanoneedles having the desired properties, it is necessary to fabricate functional needles using various other materials. In this study, functional micro- and nanoneedle electrodes were fabricated using a tungsten tip and an atomic force microscope probe with a CNT needle template and electrodeposition. To prepare the conductive needle templates, a single-wall nanotube nanoneedle was attached onto the conductive tip using dielectrophoresis and surface tension. Through electrodeposition, Au, Ni, and polypyrrole were each coated successfully onto CNT nanoneedle electrodes to obtain the desired properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taechang An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - WooSeok Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - In-tae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Wonkyu Moon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Geunbae Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|