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Volek M, Kurfürst J, Drexler M, Svoboda M, Srb P, Veverka V, Curtis EA. Aurora: a fluorescent deoxyribozyme for high-throughput screening. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:9049-9061. [PMID: 38860424 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence facilitates the detection, visualization, and tracking of molecules with high sensitivity and specificity. A functional DNA molecule that generates a robust fluorescent signal would offer significant advantages for many applications compared to intrinsically fluorescent proteins, which are expensive and labor intensive to synthesize, and fluorescent RNA aptamers, which are unstable under most conditions. Here, we describe a novel deoxyriboyzme that rapidly and efficiently generates a stable fluorescent product using a readily available coumarin substrate. An engineered version can detect picomolar concentrations of ribonucleases in a simple homogenous assay, and was used to rapidly identify novel inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 ribonuclease Nsp15 in a high-throughput screen. Our work adds an important new component to the toolkit of functional DNA parts, and also demonstrates how catalytic DNA motifs can be used to solve real-world problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kurfürst
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Matúš Drexler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Svoboda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Veverka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Edward A Curtis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
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2
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Guo Z, Yang B, Lu W, Tian Z, Hao H. Photocatalytic Aptamer Chemiluminescent System for a Homogeneous, Reliable, Label-Free, Generic Assay of Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3655-3661. [PMID: 38362869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence is a powerful analytical technique with many advantages, while aptamers are well-known as good molecular recognition units. However, many aptamer-based chemiluminescence assays employed interface sensing, which often needed several immobilization, separation, and washing steps. To minimize the risks of contamination and false-positive, we for the first time proposed a photocatalytic aptamer chemiluminescent system for a homogeneous, label-free, generic assay of small molecules. After binding to a DNA aptamer, thioflavin T has a unique photocatalytic oxidase activity to activate the system's luminol chemiluminescence. Then, the specific binding between the aptamer and target molecules will compete with the above process. Therefore, we can realize the efficient assay of different analytes including estradiol and adenosine. Such a homogeneous chemiluminescent system allowed a direct assay of small molecules with limits of detection in a nM level. Several control tests were carried out to avoid possible false-positive results, which were originated from the interactions between analytes and sensing interfaces previously. This homogeneous chemiluminescent system provides a useful strategy to reliably assay various analytes in the pharmacy or biology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
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3
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Davydova AS, Vorobyeva MA. Aptasensors Based on Non-Enzymatic Peroxidase Mimics: Current Progress and Challenges. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:1. [PMID: 38275302 PMCID: PMC10813519 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassays based on antibodies as recognizing elements and enzymes as signal-generating modules are extensively used now in clinical lab diagnostics, food, and environmental analyses. However, the application of natural enzymes and antibodies has some drawbacks, such as relatively high manufacturing costs, thermal instability, and lot-to-lot variations that lower the reproducibility of results. Oligonucleotide aptamers are able to specifically bind their targets with high affinity and selectivity, so they represent a prospective alternative to protein antibodies for analyte recognition. Their main advantages include thermal stability and long shelf life, cost-efficient chemical synthesis, and negligible batch-to-batch variations. At the same time, a wide variety of non-protein peroxidase mimics are now available that show strong potential to replace protein enzymes. Here, we review and analyze non-protein biosensors that represent a nexus of these two concepts: aptamer-based sensors (aptasensors) with optical detection (colorimetric, luminescent, or fluorescent) based on different peroxidase mimics, such as DNAzymes, nanoparticles, or metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Davydova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Akad. Lavrentiev, 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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4
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Hao H, Cai H, Yang B, Lou S, Guo Z, Lu W, Tian Z. Versatile DNA Balances via Adjacent Base Stacking for Homogeneous Assay of Energy Parameters, Small Molecules, And Ribonuclease. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14643-14650. [PMID: 37733486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous assays often obviate any separation and washing steps, thus minimizing the risks of contamination and false positive. DNA toehold exchange is a homogeneous, reversible process whose thermodynamic properties can be finely tuned for various assay applications. However, the developed probes often rely on direct interactions of analytes with DNA strands involved in toehold exchange, limiting the versatility of probe design. Here, the coaxial adjacent stacking between one auxiliary strand and another invading strand offers a favorable ΔG to shift one DNA balance, while the auxiliary strand is independent of the DNA balance itself. Therefore, such a DNA balance allowed fine tuning of the equilibrium via adjustment of the auxiliary strand alone. The energy contribution of base stacking can be quantified in a homogeneous solution based on the difference in the equilibrium constant. Besides, the proof of concept for DNA balance allows effective assay of a small molecule or ribonuclease in a homogeneous solution. This novel DNA balance via adjacent base stacking provides an interesting alternative to homogeneously assay various analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Hanfen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Lou
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Zihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 410005, P. R. China
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Kositanont U, Srisawat C, Sripinitchai S, Thawornkuno C, Chaibun T, Karunaithas S, Promptmas C, Lertanantawong B. Electrochemical aptasensor detection of electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta for leptospirosis diagnosis. Analyst 2023; 148:4777-4786. [PMID: 37599631 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta (ETFB) of Leptospira interrogans is a biomarker for diagnosing leptospiral infection. Thus, the ETFB-specific nuclease-resistant RNA aptamer ETFB3-63 was developed and used in an electrochemical aptasensor to assay ETFB. Although the majority of reported biosensors detect various genes and antibodies of L. interrogans, this is the first attempt to construct an electrochemical biosensor to detect ETFB protein for the diagnosis of leptospiral infection. The ETFB protein can be detected without any extraction phase. In this assay, a single-stranded DNA probe complementary to the ETFB3-63 sequence was immobilized on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The aptamer was then incubated and hybridized with the antisense probe on the SPCE. In the presence of ETFB, the aptamer dissociates from the aptamer/probe complex on the SPCE to bind with the protein. Methylene blue was then added to intercalate with the remaining hybridized aptamers, and its signal was measured using differential pulse voltammetry. The signal arising from the intercalated methylene blue decreased with increasing concentration of ETFB, showing a linear response in the range of 50-500 nM of ETFB and 10 to 109 leptospira cells per mL, respectively. The aptasensor signal was also specific to L. interrogans but not to 12 related bacteria tested. In addition, the aptasensor showed similar performance in detecting ETFB spiked in human serum to that in buffer, indicating that proteins in the serum do not interfere with the assay. Therefore, this assay has great potential to develop into a point-of-care electrochemical device that is accurate, cost-effective, and user-friendly for leptospirosis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uraiwan Kositanont
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pahol Yothin Rd., Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Srisawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Wang Lang Rd., Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Sripinitchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Wang Lang Rd., Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Charin Thawornkuno
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanyarat Chaibun
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sinthu Karunaithas
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Chamras Promptmas
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Benchaporn Lertanantawong
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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6
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Kurup CP, Ahmed MU. Nanozymes towards Personalized Diagnostics: A Recent Progress in Biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040461. [PMID: 37185536 PMCID: PMC10136715 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent advancements in the field of nanozymes and their applications in the development of point-of-care biosensors. The use of nanozymes as enzyme-mimicking components in biosensing systems has led to improved performance and miniaturization of these sensors. The unique properties of nanozymes, such as high stability, robustness, and surface tunability, make them an attractive alternative to traditional enzymes in biosensing applications. Researchers have explored a wide range of nanomaterials, including metals, metal oxides, and metal-organic frameworks, for the development of nanozyme-based biosensors. Different sensing strategies, such as colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical and SERS, have been implemented using nanozymes as signal-producing components. Despite the numerous advantages, there are also challenges associated with nanozyme-based biosensors, including stability and specificity, which need to be addressed for their wider applications. The future of nanozyme-based biosensors looks promising, with the potential to bring a paradigm shift in biomolecular sensing. The development of highly specific, multi-enzyme mimicking nanozymes could lead to the creation of highly sensitive and low-biofouling biosensors. Integration of nanozymes into point-of-care diagnostics promises to revolutionize healthcare by improving patient outcomes and reducing costs while enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Padmakumari Kurup
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
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Chang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xing Y, Li G, Deng D, Liu L. Overview on the Design of Magnetically Assisted Electrochemical Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110954. [PMID: 36354462 PMCID: PMC9687741 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors generally require the immobilization of recognition elements or capture probes on the electrode surface. This may limit their practical applications due to the complex operation procedure and low repeatability and stability. Magnetically assisted biosensors show remarkable advantages in separation and pre-concentration of targets from complex biological samples. More importantly, magnetically assisted sensing systems show high throughput since the magnetic materials can be produced and preserved on a large scale. In this work, we summarized the design of electrochemical biosensors involving magnetic materials as the platforms for recognition reaction and target conversion. The recognition reactions usually include antigen-antibody, DNA hybridization, and aptamer-target interactions. By conjugating an electroactive probe to biomolecules attached to magnetic materials, the complexes can be accumulated near to an electrode surface with the aid of external magnet field, producing an easily measurable redox current. The redox current can be further enhanced by enzymes, nanomaterials, DNA assemblies, and thermal-cycle or isothermal amplification. In magnetically assisted assays, the magnetic substrates are removed by a magnet after the target conversion, and the signal can be monitored through stimuli-response release of signal reporters, enzymatic production of electroactive species, or target-induced generation of messenger DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Liu
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (L.L.)
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8
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Nielsen LDF, Hansen-Bruhn M, Nijenhuis MAD, Gothelf KV. Protein-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement and Quenching in a Homogeneous DNA-Based Assay for Rapid Detection of Small-Molecule Drugs in Human Plasma. ACS Sens 2022; 7:856-865. [PMID: 35239321 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous assays for determining the concentration of small molecules in biological fluids are of importance for monitoring blood levels of critical drugs in patients. We have developed a strand displacement competition assay for the drugs dabigatran, methotrexate, and linezolid, which allows detection and determination of the concentration of the drugs in plasma; however, a surprising kinetic behavior of the assay was observed with an initial rapid change in apparent FRET values. We found that protein-induced fluorescent enhancement or quenching (PIFE/Q) caused the initial change in fluorescence within the first minute after addition of protein, which could be exploited to construct assays for concentration determination within minutes in the low nanomolar range in plasma. A kinetic model for the assay was established, and when taking the new finding into account, the in silico simulations were in good agreement with the experimentally observed results. Utilizing these findings, a simpler assay was constructed for detection of dabigatran, which allowed for detection within minutes without any time dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line D. F. Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Malthe Hansen-Bruhn
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Minke A. D. Nijenhuis
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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9
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Han L. Flow-homogeneous electrochemical sensing system based on 2D metal-organic framework nanozyme for successive microRNA assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 206:114120. [PMID: 35240439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering DNA-based homogeneous electrochemical assay allows identification of targets to be carried out in a homogeneous solution, it would be of significance to develop the successive homogeneous assay system in dynamic solution for rapid disease diagnosis and high-throughput bioanalysis. In homogeneous assay, the work electrodes generally have capability of DNA capture but lack signal amplification, restricting its sensitivity. Here, a flow-homogeneous sensing system was proposed to realize the successive assay of microRNA, a model biomarker. Ultrathin 2D metal-organic framework (MOF) nanozymes with thickness of about 1 nm were facilely prepared by ultrasonic approach. Due to the excellent enzyme-like activity and adsorption capacity towards single-strand DNA (ssDNA), MOF nanozymes adsorbed on electrode simultaneously played two roles of ssDNA collector and signal-amplifier. To adapt the recoverable electrode to on-line monitoring, duplex-specific nuclease-assisted circle reaction was conducted to produce the turn-on amplified signal. Flow injection device was employed to realize the recycling of electrodes and the successive microRNA assay. The assay strategy showed low limit of detection (0.12 pM, S/N = 3) for microRNA, excellent renewability and acceptable reliability for real sample assay. The established system exerts the advantages of DNA-based homogeneous electrochemical sensing strategy. This work would not only expand homogeneous electrochemical assay to successive bioassay, but also provide the possibility for practical application of homogeneous sensing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Yucui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuzhong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.
| | - Lei Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.
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Ali GK, Omer KM. Molecular imprinted polymer combined with aptamer (MIP-aptamer) as a hybrid dual recognition element for bio(chemical) sensing applications. Review. Talanta 2022; 236:122878. [PMID: 34635258 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of diagnostic devices based on memetic molecular recognitions are becoming highly promising due to high specificity, sensitivity, stability, and low-cost comparing to natural molecular recognition. During the last decade, molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) and aptamer have shown dramatic enhancement in the molecular recognition characteristics for bio(chemical) sensing applications. Recently, MIP-aptamer, as an emerging hybrid recognition element, merged the advantages of the both recognition components. This dual recognition-based sensor has shown improved properties and desirable features, such as high sensitivity, low limit of detection, high stability under harsh environmental conditions, high binding affinity, and superior selectivity. Hybrid MIP-aptamer as dual recognition element, was used in the real sample analysis, such as detection of proteins, neurotransmitters, environmental pollutants, biogenic compounds, small ions, explosives, virus detections and pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on a comprehensive overview of the preparation strategies of various MIP-aptamer recognition elements, mechanism of formation of MIP-aptamer, and detection of various target molecules in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gona K Ali
- Center for Biomedical Analysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan St, 46002, Slemani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Khalid M Omer
- Center for Biomedical Analysis, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan St, 46002, Slemani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
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Xu Y, Chen B, He M, Hu B. A homogeneous nucleic acid assay for simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H3N2) by single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1186:339134. [PMID: 34756259 PMCID: PMC8486417 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) has become a powerful tool for biological quantitative analysis. Homogeneous analysis method requires no separation and washing steps, which is suited for the analysis of highly infectious pathogens, so as to reduce the risk of infection during the operation. SARS-CoV-2 spreads all over the world, and its early infection symptoms are similar to influenza, which brings inconvenience to triage. Therefore, developing novel analytical method for simultaneous detection of multiple viral nucleic acids is essential. Taking the advantages of SP-ICP-MS and homogeneous analysis strategy, a SP-ICP-MS homogeneous nucleic acid assay by using gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) probes was established for simultaneous sensitive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H3N2). In the present of target SARS-CoV-2 or H3N2 nucleic acids, corresponding Au NPs or Ag NPs probes form larger aggregates, resulting in increased pulse signal intensity and reduced pulse signal frequency of the corresponding NPs in SP-ICP-MS measurement. In this assay, the reaction system of Au NPs and Ag NPs probes does not interfere with each other, and there was no separation and washing procedure, which facilitates operation, saves the analysis time, and improves the analysis efficiency. The linear range of this method is 5-1000 pmol L-1, with low-level limits of quantification of target nucleic acid. The developed SP-ICP-MS simultaneous homogeneous detection method has a good potential for detecting nucleic acid, protein, cell and other biological samples by changing different modification sequences on the NPs probes.
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12
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Singhal C, Bruno JG, Kaushal A, Sharma TK. Recent Advances and a Roadmap to Aptamer-Based Sensors for Bloodstream Infections. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3962-3984. [PMID: 35006817 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present review is intended to describe bloodstream infections (BSIs), the major pathogens responsible for BSIs, conventional tests and their limitations, commercially available methods used, and the aptamer and nanomaterials-based approaches developed so far for the detection of BSIs. The advantages associated with aptamers and the aptamer-based sensors, the comparison between the aptamers and the antibodies, and the various types of aptasensors developed so far for the detection of bloodstream infections have been described in detail in the present review. Also, the future outlook and roadmap toward aptamer-based sensors and the challenges associated with the aptamer development have also been concluded in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Singhal
- Aptamer Technology and Diagnostic Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - John G Bruno
- Nanohmics, Inc., Austin, Texas 78741, United States
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Tarun K Sharma
- Aptamer Technology and Diagnostic Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
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13
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Construction of an Enzymatically-Conjugated DNA Aptamer–Protein Hybrid Molecule for Use as a BRET-Based Biosensor. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA-protein conjugates are useful molecules for construction of biosensors. Herein, we report the development of an enzymatically-conjugated DNA aptamer–protein hybrid molecule for use as a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensor. DNA aptamers were enzymatically conjugated to a fusion protein via the catalytic domain of porcine circovirus type 2 replication initiation protein (PCV2 Rep) comprising residues 14–109 (tpRep), which was truncated from the full catalytic domain of PCV2 Rep comprising residues 1–116 by removing the flexible regions at the N- and C-terminals. For development of a BRET-based biosensor, we constructed a fusion protein in which tpRep was positioned between NanoLuc luciferase and a fluorescent protein and conjugated to single-stranded DNA aptamers that specifically bind to either thrombin or lysozyme. We demonstrated that the BRET ratios depended on the concentration of the target molecules.
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14
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Hosseini Ghalehno M, Mirzaei M, Torkzadeh-Mahani M. Electrochemical aptasensor for tumor necrosis factor α using aptamer–antibody sandwich structure and cobalt hexacyanoferrate for signal amplification. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Rasouli R, Barhoum A, Bechelany M, Dufresne A. Nanofibers for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800256. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahimeh Rasouli
- Department of Medical NanotechnologyTehran University of Medical Sciences—International Campus 14177‐43373 Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- Faculty of ScienceChemistry DepartmentHelwan University 11795 Helwan Cairo Egypt
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM UMR 5635)ENSCMCNRSUniversity of Montpellier 34090 Montpellier France
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM UMR 5635)ENSCMCNRSUniversity of Montpellier 34090 Montpellier France
| | - Alain Dufresne
- LGP2, Grenoble INP, CNRSUniversité Grenoble Alpes F‐38000 Grenoble France
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16
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Chen X, Hong F, Cao Y, Hu F, Wu Y, Wu D, Li T, Lin J, Gan N. A microchip electrophoresis-based assay for ratiometric detection of kanamycin by R-shape probe and exonuclease-assisted signal amplification. Talanta 2018; 189:494-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Kjelstrup MV, Nielsen LDF, Hansen-Bruhn M, Gothelf KV. A DNA-Based Assay for Digoxin Detection. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:bios8010019. [PMID: 29509662 PMCID: PMC5872067 DOI: 10.3390/bios8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The most common method for quantifying small-molecule drugs in blood samples is by liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. Few immuno-based assays are available for the detection of small-molecule drugs in blood. Here we report on a homogeneous assay that enables detection of the concentration of digoxin spiked into in a plasma sample. The assay is based on a shift in the equilibrium of a DNA strand displacement competition reaction, and can be performed in 30 min for concentrations above 10 nM. The equilibrium shift occurs upon binding of anti-digoxigenin antibody. As a model, the assay provides a potential alternative to current small-molecule detection methods used for therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Kjelstrup
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Line D F Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Malthe Hansen-Bruhn
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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18
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Abe N, Iki N. Multi-coloration of Calixarene-coated Silver Nanoparticles for the Visual Discrimination of Metal Elements. ANAL SCI 2018; 33:1141-1145. [PMID: 28993588 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Upon mixing with metal ions such as CdII, TbIII, CuII, NiII, PbII, ZnII, and CoII at pH 10.0, solutions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated with calix[4]arene-p-tetrasulfonate (CAS-AgNP) exhibited multi-coloration from yellow to orange, violet, and green, depending on the metal elements present, which allowed for visual discrimination of the ions. This is contrary to the AgNP sensors exhibiting a uniform color change from yellow to red upon binding of a receptor molecules at the surface of AgNPs to an analyte. The TEM images of the samples obtained from the resultant solution showed two regions. First, a region where CAS-AgNPs assembled on the surface of the metal hydroxides. The size of the hydroxide crystals varied from 50 to 200 nm with the type of metal element present, and roughly correlated with the extinction band of the aggregated AgNPs. Second, the amorphous region in which CAS-AgNPs dispersed randomly. The difference in the amount of the crystal region and the area seemed to lead to the multi-coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norioki Abe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | - Nobuhiko Iki
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
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19
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Fluorescence Sensing Using DNA Aptamers in Cancer Research and Clinical Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120174. [PMID: 29261171 PMCID: PMC5742822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various advantages of aptamers over antibodies, remarkable is their ability to tolerate a large number of chemical modifications within their backbone or at the termini without losing significant activity. Indeed, aptamers can be easily equipped with a wide variety of reporter groups or coupled to different carriers, nanoparticles, or other biomolecules, thus producing valuable molecular recognition tools effective for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This review reports an updated overview on fluorescent DNA aptamers, designed to recognize significant cancer biomarkers both in soluble or membrane-bound form. In many examples, the aptamer secondary structure switches induced by target recognition are suitably translated in a detectable fluorescent signal using either fluorescently-labelled or label-free aptamers. The fluorescence emission changes, producing an enhancement (“signal-on”) or a quenching (“signal-off”) effect, directly reflect the extent of the binding, thereby allowing for quantitative determination of the target in bioanalytical assays. Furthermore, several aptamers conjugated to fluorescent probes proved to be effective for applications in tumour diagnosis and intraoperative surgery, producing tumour-type specific, non-invasive in vivo imaging tools for cancer pre- and post-treatment assessment.
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20
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Huang X, Liu Y, Yung B, Xiong Y, Chen X. Nanotechnology-Enhanced No-Wash Biosensors for in Vitro Diagnostics of Cancer. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5238-5292. [PMID: 28590117 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro biosensors have been an integral component for early diagnosis of cancer in the clinic. Among them, no-wash biosensors, which only depend on the simple mixing of the signal generating probes and the sample solution without additional washing and separation steps, have been found to be particularly attractive. The outstanding advantages of facile, convenient, and rapid response of no-wash biosensors are especially suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT). One fast-growing field of no-wash biosensor design involves the usage of nanomaterials as signal amplification carriers or direct signal generating elements. The analytical capacity of no-wash biosensors with respect to sensitivity or limit of detection, specificity, stability, and multiplexing detection capacity is largely improved because of their large surface area, excellent optical, electrical, catalytic, and magnetic properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various nanomaterial-enhanced no-wash biosensing technologies and focuses on the analysis of the underlying mechanism of these technologies applied for the early detection of cancer biomarkers ranging from small molecules to proteins, and even whole cancerous cells. Representative examples are selected to demonstrate the proof-of-concept with promising applications for in vitro diagnostics of cancer. Finally, a brief discussion of common unresolved issues and a perspective outlook on the field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bryant Yung
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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21
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Platella C, Riccardi C, Montesarchio D, Roviello GN, Musumeci D. G-quadruplex-based aptamers against protein targets in therapy and diagnostics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1429-1447. [PMID: 27865995 PMCID: PMC7117017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules identified to recognize with high affinity specific targets including proteins, small molecules, ions, whole cells and even entire organisms, such as viruses or bacteria. They can be identified from combinatorial libraries of DNA or RNA oligonucleotides by SELEX technology, an in vitro iterative selection procedure consisting of binding (capture), partitioning and amplification steps. Remarkably, many of the aptamers selected against biologically relevant protein targets are G-rich sequences that can fold into stable G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Aiming at disseminating novel inspiring ideas within the scientific community in the field of G4-structures, the emphasis of this review is placed on: 1) recent advancements in SELEX technology for the efficient and rapid identification of new candidate aptamers (introduction of microfluidic systems and next generation sequencing); 2) recurrence of G4 structures in aptamers selected by SELEX against biologically relevant protein targets; 3) discovery of several G4-forming motifs in important regulatory regions of the human or viral genome bound by endogenous proteins, which per se can result into potential aptamers; 4) an updated overview of G4-based aptamers with therapeutic potential and 5) a discussion on the most attractive G4-based aptamers for diagnostic applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
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22
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Goux E, Dausse E, Guieu V, Azéma L, Durand G, Henry M, Choisnard L, Toulmé JJ, Ravelet C, Peyrin E. A colorimetric nanosensor based on a selective target-responsive aptamer kissing complex. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4048-4052. [PMID: 28276559 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00612h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel approach for the design of a colorimetric aptasensor based on functionalized gold nanoparticle probes. This approach relies on the conjugation of nanoparticles by two functional DNA and RNA hairpins that engage specific kissing (loop-loop) interactions in response to the addition of a small analyte ligand, leading to particle aggregation and then red-to-purple colour change of the colloidal solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Goux
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - E Dausse
- Laboratoire ARNA, University of Bordeaux, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - V Guieu
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - L Azéma
- Laboratoire ARNA, University of Bordeaux, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - G Durand
- Laboratoire ARNA, University of Bordeaux, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - M Henry
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - L Choisnard
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - J-J Toulmé
- Laboratoire ARNA, University of Bordeaux, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - C Ravelet
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - E Peyrin
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM CNRS UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
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23
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Samokhvalov AV, Safenkova IV, Eremin SA, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Use of anchor protein modules in fluorescence polarisation aptamer assay for ochratoxin A determination. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 962:80-87. [PMID: 28231883 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for sensitive fluorescence polarisation (FP) analysis is proposed which uses aptamer as the receptor and anchor protein modules as the enhancers by including the aptamers in complexes with protein modules. This approach is based on increasing the size differences of bound and unbound fluorophores. The strategy was applied in an ochratoxin A (ОТА) assay with the competitive binding of fluorophore-labelled and free OTA with aptamer-based receptors. We showed that the binding of labelled OTA with aptamer included in complexes with anchors led to higher a FP than binding with free aptamer. This allowed the aptamer concentration to be reduced, thus lowering the limit of detection by a factor of 40, down to 3.6 nM. The assay time was 15 min. To evaluate the applicability of the FP assay with aptamer-anchor complex to real samples, we conducted OTA measurements in spiked white wine. The OTA limit of detection in wine was 2.8 nM (1.1 μg/kg), and the recoveries ranged from 83% to 113%. The study shows that the proposed anchor strategy is efficient for increasing the sensitivity of FP-based aptamer assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Samokhvalov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Irina V Safenkova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sergei A Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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24
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Sharma TK, Bruno JG, Dhiman A. ABCs of DNA aptamer and related assay development. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:275-301. [PMID: 28108354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to guide the novice in aptamer research and development to understand virtually all of the aptamer development options and currently available assay modalities. Aptamer development topics range from discussions of basic and advanced versions of Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment (SELEX) and SELEX variations involving incorporation of exotic unnatural nucleotides to expand library diversity for even greater aptamer affinity and specificity to improved next generation methods of DNA sequencing, screening and tracking aptamer development throughout the SELEX process and characterization of lead aptamer candidates. Aptamer assay development topics include descriptions of various colorimetric and fluorescent assays in microplates or on membranes including homogeneous beacon and multiplexed Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assays. Finally, a discussion of the potential for marketing successful aptamer-based assays or test kits is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Center for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India; AptaBharat Innovation Private Limited, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Incubator, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - John G Bruno
- Operational Technologies Corporation, 4100 NW Loop 410, Suite, 230, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA..
| | - Abhijeet Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.; Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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25
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Perez-Gonzalez C, Lafontaine DA, Penedo JC. Fluorescence-Based Strategies to Investigate the Structure and Dynamics of Aptamer-Ligand Complexes. Front Chem 2016; 4:33. [PMID: 27536656 PMCID: PMC4971091 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the helical nature of double-stranded DNA and RNA, single-stranded oligonucleotides can arrange themselves into tridimensional structures containing loops, bulges, internal hairpins and many other motifs. This ability has been used for more than two decades to generate oligonucleotide sequences, so-called aptamers, that can recognize certain metabolites with high affinity and specificity. More recently, this library of artificially-generated nucleic acid aptamers has been expanded by the discovery that naturally occurring RNA sequences control bacterial gene expression in response to cellular concentration of a given metabolite. The application of fluorescence methods has been pivotal to characterize in detail the structure and dynamics of these aptamer-ligand complexes in solution. This is mostly due to the intrinsic high sensitivity of fluorescence methods and also to significant improvements in solid-phase synthesis, post-synthetic labeling strategies and optical instrumentation that took place during the last decade. In this work, we provide an overview of the most widely employed fluorescence methods to investigate aptamer structure and function by describing the use of aptamers labeled with a single dye in fluorescence quenching and anisotropy assays. The use of 2-aminopurine as a fluorescent analog of adenine to monitor local changes in structure and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to follow long-range conformational changes is also covered in detail. The last part of the review is dedicated to the application of fluorescence techniques based on single-molecule microscopy, a technique that has revolutionized our understanding of nucleic acid structure and dynamics. We finally describe the advantages of monitoring ligand-binding and conformational changes, one molecule at a time, to decipher the complexity of regulatory aptamers and summarize the emerging folding and ligand-binding models arising from the application of these single-molecule FRET microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibran Perez-Gonzalez
- Laboratory for Biophysics and Biomolecular Dynamics, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. AndrewsSt Andrews, UK
| | - Daniel A. Lafontaine
- RNA Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - J. Carlos Penedo
- Laboratory for Biophysics and Biomolecular Dynamics, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. AndrewsSt Andrews, UK
- Laboratory for Biophysics and Biomolecular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St. AndrewsSt. Andrews, UK
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26
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Labib M, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Clinically Relevant Biomolecules. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9001-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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27
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Split aptamer-based sandwich fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for 19-nortestosterone. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Ban F, Shi H, Feng C, Mao X, Yin Y, Zhu X. A one-pot strategy for the detection of proteins based on sterically and allosterically tunable hybridization chain reaction. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:219-224. [PMID: 27376192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a facile one-pot strategy for protein detection based on sterically and allosterically tunable hybridization chain reaction (HCR). In our strategy, DNA hairpins H1 and H2 are dual-labeled with pyrene moieties through a six-carbon-atom spacer at each end; and a single-stranded DNA primer is designed to contain two small molecules near each end. In the absence of target protein, the primer can trigger HCR events between alternating H1 and H2 hairpins to form a nicked double-helix. As a result, the pyrene excimers are formed to emit at approximately 485nm. On the contrary, upon binding of the specific target protein onto the primer through the protein-small molecule interaction, the HCR will be inhibited due to the steric and allosteric effect. The changes of the fluorescent signals of pyrene excimers are in response to the concentration of target protein, so that the detection of protein can be realized. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this strategy by using streptavidin (SA) and folate receptor (FR) as model targets. Results show that both of them can be well detected with a detection limit of 1.07nM and 2.7nM, respectively. The developed method for protein assay is flexible, so we infer that the one-pot strategy holds great potential for the detection of other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ban
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hai Shi
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoxia Mao
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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29
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Schrittwieser S, Pelaz B, Parak WJ, Lentijo-Mozo S, Soulantica K, Dieckhoff J, Ludwig F, Guenther A, Tschöpe A, Schotter J. Homogeneous Biosensing Based on Magnetic Particle Labels. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16060828. [PMID: 27275824 PMCID: PMC4934254 DOI: 10.3390/s16060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The growing availability of biomarker panels for molecular diagnostics is leading to an increasing need for fast and sensitive biosensing technologies that are applicable to point-of-care testing. In that regard, homogeneous measurement principles are especially relevant as they usually do not require extensive sample preparation procedures, thus reducing the total analysis time and maximizing ease-of-use. In this review, we focus on homogeneous biosensors for the in vitro detection of biomarkers. Within this broad range of biosensors, we concentrate on methods that apply magnetic particle labels. The advantage of such methods lies in the added possibility to manipulate the particle labels by applied magnetic fields, which can be exploited, for example, to decrease incubation times or to enhance the signal-to-noise-ratio of the measurement signal by applying frequency-selective detection. In our review, we discriminate the corresponding methods based on the nature of the acquired measurement signal, which can either be based on magnetic or optical detection. The underlying measurement principles of the different techniques are discussed, and biosensing examples for all techniques are reported, thereby demonstrating the broad applicability of homogeneous in vitro biosensing based on magnetic particle label actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schrittwieser
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna1220, Austria.
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany.
| | - Sergio Lentijo-Mozo
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets (LPCNO), Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse 31077, France.
| | - Katerina Soulantica
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets (LPCNO), Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse 31077, France.
| | - Jan Dieckhoff
- Institute of Electrical Measurement and Fundamental Electrical Engineering, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany.
| | - Frank Ludwig
- Institute of Electrical Measurement and Fundamental Electrical Engineering, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany.
| | - Annegret Guenther
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
| | - Andreas Tschöpe
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
| | - Joerg Schotter
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna1220, Austria.
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30
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Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are promising alternatives to antibodies in analytics. They are generally obtained through an iterative SELEX protocol that enriches a population of synthetic oligonucleotides to a subset that can recognize the chosen target molecule specifically and avidly. A wide range of targets is recognized by aptamers. Once identified and optimized for performance, aptamers can be reproducibly synthesized and offer other key features, like small size, low cost, sensitivity, specificity, rapid response, stability, and reusability. This makes them excellent options for sensory units in a variety of analytical platforms including those with electrochemical, optical, and mass sensitive transduction detection. Many novel sensing strategies have been developed by rational design to take advantage of the tendency of aptamers to undergo conformational changes upon target/analyte binding and employing the principles of base complementarity that can drive the nucleic acid structure. Despite their many advantages over antibodies, surprisingly few aptamers have yet been integrated into commercially available analytical devices. In this review, we discuss how to select and engineer aptamers for their identified application(s), some of the challenges faced in developing aptamers for analytics and many examples of their reported successful performance as sensors in a variety of analytical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslum Ilgu
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, USA. and Aptalogic Inc., Ames IA 50014, USA
| | - Marit Nilsen-Hamilton
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, USA. and Aptalogic Inc., Ames IA 50014, USA and Ames Laboratory, US DOE, Ames IA 50011, USA
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31
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32
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Use of aptamers in immunoassays. Mol Immunol 2016; 70:149-54. [PMID: 26774749 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers, short single-chain DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, react specifically with small molecules, as well as with proteins. Unlike antibodies, they may be obtained relatively easily. Aptamers are now widely employed in immunological studies and could replace antibodies in immunoassays. In this short review, methods for immobilizing aptamers on various insoluble materials (so-called apta-sorbents) are described. Recent findings on their use in the detection and isolation of immunoglobulins and their application in various immunoassays are also discussed.
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Wu Q, Shen H, Shen H, Sun Y, Song L. Study on sensing strategy and performance of a microfluidic chemiluminescence aptazyme sensor. Talanta 2015; 150:531-8. [PMID: 26838440 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are analogous to antibodies in their range of target recognition. G-quadruplex DNAzymes exhibit peroxidase-like activity toward certain specific reactions. Despite aptazyme sensors, based on aptamer and DNAzyme conjugates, have the potential to replace many conventional immune-biosensors; the mechanism concerning high background interference has scarcely been discussed. In this work, by taking a couple of aptazyme sensors with oligonucleotide sequences of adenosine aptamer and CatG4 DNAzyme, the sensing strategy dealing with the thermodynamic equilibrium of the functional oligonucleotide distribution had been studied. Oligonucleotide arrangement and cation condition were found important in modulating the shifting between Watson-Crick duplex and Hoogsteen G-quadruplex, which ultimately influenced sample and background signals. Notably, benefit from the microfluidic chemiluminescence detection, the developed aptazyme sensor achieved an absolute detection limit of 12 pmol adenosine with just 2 μL of pretreated sample solution consumption and satisfactory selectivity. The results have implication for better design of aptazyme sensor in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwang Wu
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haihui Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lifang Song
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Yan M, Bai W, Zhu C, Huang Y, Yan J, Chen A. Design of nuclease-based target recycling signal amplification in aptasensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:613-23. [PMID: 26485175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Compared with conventional antibody-based immunoassay methods, aptasensors based on nucleic acid aptamer have made at least two significant breakthroughs. One is that aptamers are more easily used for developing various simple and rapid homogeneous detection methods by "sample in signal out" without multi-step washing. The other is that aptamers are more easily employed for developing highly sensitive detection methods by using various nucleic acid-based signal amplification approaches. As many substances playing regulatory roles in physiology or pathology exist at an extremely low concentration and many chemical contaminants occur in trace amounts in food or environment, aptasensors for signal amplification contribute greatly to detection of such targets. Among the signal amplification approaches in highly sensitive aptasensors, the nuclease-based target recycling signal amplification has recently become a research focus because it shows easy design, simple operation, and rapid reaction and can be easily developed for homogenous assay. In this review, we summarized recent advances in the development of various nuclease-based target recycling signal amplification with the aim to provide a general guide for the design of aptamer-based ultrasensitive biosensing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yan
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenhui Bai
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yafei Huang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiao Yan
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
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Hu J, Kim J, Easley CJ. Quantifying Aptamer-Protein Binding via Thermofluorimetric Analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 7:7358-7362. [PMID: 26366207 PMCID: PMC4562029 DOI: 10.1039/c5ay00837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective aptamer-based protein assays require coupling to a quantitative reporter of aptamer-protein binding. Typically, this involves a direct optical or electrochemical readout of DNA hybridization or an amplification step coupled to the readout. However, method development is often hampered by the multiplicity of aptamer-target binding mechanisms, which can interfere with the hybridization step. As a simpler and more generalizable readout of aptamer-protein binding, we report that thermofluorimetric analysis (TFA) can be used to quantitatively assay protein levels. Sub-nanomolar detection (0.74 nM) of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) with its corresponding aptamer is shown as a test case. In the presence of various DNA intercalating dyes, protein-bound aptamers exhibit a change in fluorescence intensity compared to the intercalated, unbound aptamer. This allows thermal resolution of bound and unbound aptamers using fluorescence melting analysis (-dF/dT curves). Remarkably, the homogeneous optical method allows subtraction of autofluorescence in human serum, giving PDGF detection limits of 1.8 and 10.7 nM in serum diluted 1:7 and 1:3, respectively. We have thus demonstrated that bound and unbound aptamers can be thermally resolved in a homogeneous format using a simple qPCR instrument-even in human serum. The simplicity of this approach provides an important step toward a robust, generalizable readout of aptamer-protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Joonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Christopher J. Easley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, AL 36849
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36
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Zhu G, Zhang CY. Functional nucleic acid-based sensors for heavy metal ion assays. Analyst 2015; 139:6326-42. [PMID: 25356810 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal contaminants such as lead ions (Pb(2+)), mercury ions (Hg(2+)) and silver ions (Ag(+)) can cause significant harm to humans and generate enduring bioaccumulation in ecological systems. Even though a variety of methods have been developed for Pb(2+), Hg(2+) and Ag(+) assays, most of them are usually laborious and time-consuming with poor sensitivity. Due to their unique advantages of excellent catalytic properties and high affinity for heavy metal ions, functional nucleic acids such as DNAzymes and aptamers show great promise in the development of novel sensors for heavy metal ion assays. In this review, we summarize the development of functional nucleic acid-based sensors for the detection of Pb(2+), Hg(2+) and Ag(+), and especially focus on two categories including the direct assay and the amplification-based assay. We highlight the emerging trends in the development of sensitive and selective sensors for heavy metal ion assays as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichi Zhu
- Single-Molecule Detection and Imaging Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 518055, China.
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37
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Zhao Q, Lv Q, Wang H. Aptamer fluorescence anisotropy sensors for adenosine triphosphate by comprehensive screening tetramethylrhodamine labeled nucleotides. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:188-93. [PMID: 25814408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported a fluorescence anisotropy (FA) approach for small molecules using tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) labeled aptamer. It relies on target-binding induced change of intramolecular interaction between TMR and guanine (G) base. TMR-labeling sites are crucial for this approach. Only terminal ends and thymine (T) bases could be tested for TMR labeling in our previous work, possibly causing limitation in analysis of different targets with this FA strategy. Here, taking the analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an example, we demonstrated a success of conjugating TMR on other bases of aptamer adenine (A) or cytosine (C) bases and an achievement of full mapping various labeling sites of aptamers. We successfully constructed aptamer fluorescence anisotropy (FA) sensors for adenosine triphosphate (ATP). We conjugated single TMR on adenine (A), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) bases or terminals of a 25-mer aptamer against ATP and tested FA responses of 14 TMR-labeled aptamer to ATP. The aptamers having TMR labeled on the 16th base C or 23rd base A were screened out and exhibited significant FA-decreasing or FA-increasing responses upon ATP, respectively. These two favorable TMR-labeled aptamers enabled direct FA sensing ATP with a detection limit of 1 µM and the analysis of ATP in diluted serum. The comprehensive screening various TMR labeling sites of aptamers facilitates the successful construction of FA sensors using TMR-labeled aptamers. It will expand application of TMR-G interaction based aptamer FA strategy to a variety of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Qin Lv
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
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38
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Ashby J, Schachermeyer S, Duan Y, Jimenez LA, Zhong W. Probing and quantifying DNA–protein interactions with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1358:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Bone SM, Hasick NJ, Lima NE, Erskine SM, Mokany E, Todd AV. DNA-only cascade: a universal tool for signal amplification, enhancing the detection of target analytes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9106-13. [PMID: 25157928 DOI: 10.1021/ac501811r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic tests performed in the field or at the site of patient care would benefit from using a combination of inexpensive, stable chemical reagents and simple instrumentation. Here, we have developed a universal "DNA-only Cascade" (DoC) to quantitatively detect target analytes with increased speed. The DoC utilizes quasi-circular structures consisting of temporarily inactivated deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes). The catalytic activity of the DNAzymes is restored in a universal manner in response to a broad range of environmental and biological targets. The present study demonstrates DNAzyme activation in the presence of metal ions (Pb(2+)), small molecules (deoxyadenosine triphosphate) and nucleic acids homologous to genes from Meningitis-causing bacteria. Furthermore, DoC efficiently discriminates nucleic acid targets differing by a single nucleotide. When detection of analytes is orchestrated by functional nucleic acids, the inclusion of DoC reagents substantially decreases time for detection and allows analyte quantification. The detection of nucleic acids using DoC was further characterized for its capability to be multiplexed and retain its functionality following long-term exposure to ambient temperatures and in a background of complex medium (human serum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Bone
- The University of New South Wales , Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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40
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Zhang Z, Hejesen C, Kjelstrup MB, Birkedal V, Gothelf KV. A DNA-Mediated Homogeneous Binding Assay for Proteins and Small Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11115-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505519b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Center
for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Christian Hejesen
- Center
for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Michael B. Kjelstrup
- Center
for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Victoria Birkedal
- Center
for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Center
for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
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41
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Wang K, Liao J, Yang X, Zhao M, Chen M, Yao W, Tan W, Lan X. A label-free aptasensor for highly sensitive detection of ATP and thrombin based on metal-enhanced PicoGreen fluorescence. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:172-177. [PMID: 25086329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A label-free fluorescence aptasensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of ATP and thrombin was developed by using PicoGreen (PG) as signal molecule and surface-bound metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrates (silver island films, SIFs) as signal enhancers. On binding with ATP or thrombin, aptamers undergo structure switching, leading to a reduction of fluorescence intensity of PG. Chang of fluorescence intensity can be magnified by SIFs. The limit of detection for ATP and thrombin is 1.3 nM and 0.073 nM, respectively. The fluorescence quenching efficiency is linear in the logarithmic scale with ATP concentration range from 10 nM to 100 μM (R(2)=0.995) and thrombin concentration range from 0.1 nM to 100 nM (R(2)=0.997). The coefficients of variation of the intra-assay reproducibility and inter-assay reproducibility for ATP (10 μM) assay are 3.8% and 5.2%, respectively. In addition, the aptasensor is stable and can be reliably used for ATP measurement in biological samples. Overall, the aptasensor can be a useful and cost effective tool for the specific detection of ATP, thrombin and potentially other biomolecules in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Jian Liao
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Xiangyue Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Weirong Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States; Plant Pathology Lab, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida 32351, United States; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xiaopeng Lan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China.
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42
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Zhao Q, Gao J. Sensitive and selective detection of thrombin by using a cyclic peptide as affinity ligand. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:21-25. [PMID: 25048449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a sensitive assay for thrombin by using a high binding-affinity cyclic peptide against thrombin as affinity ligand. The cyclic peptide is immobilized on the magnetic beads or microplates to selectively capture thrombin. The enriched thrombin then catalyzes the cleavage of a substrate of thrombin to a detectable product. The detection of thrombin is finally achieved by measuring the generated product. This assay enables the detection of thrombin at tens fM in 100 µL of sample solution when fluorogenic substrate was applied, while detection limits reached pM level when chromogenic substrate was used. Thrombin in plasma sample can be detected with this assay. This cyclic peptide affinity ligand shows potentials for thrombin analysis in other detection formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Research Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Research Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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43
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Bi S, Luo B, Ye J, Wang Z. Label-free chemiluminescent aptasensor for platelet-derived growth factor detection based on exonuclease-assisted cascade autocatalytic recycling amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 62:208-13. [PMID: 25016251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here an exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted cascade autocatalytic recycling amplification (Exo-CARA) strategy is proposed for label-free chemiluminescent (CL) detection of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) by taking advantage of both recognition property of aptamer and cleavage function of Exo III. Functionally, this system consists of a duplex DNA (aptamer-blocker hybrid), two kinds of hairpin structures (MB1 and MB2), and Exo III. Upon recognizing and binding with PDGF-BB, aptamer folds into a close configuration, which initiates the proposed Exo-CARA reaction (Recyclings I→II→III→II). Finally, numerous "caged" G-quadruplex sequences on DNAzyme1 and DNAzyme2 release that intercalate hemin to catalyze the oxidation of luminol by H2O2 to generate an amplified CL signal, achieving excellent specificity and high sensitivity with a detection limit of 6.8×10(-13) M PDGF-BB. The proposed strategy has the advantages of simple design, isothermal conditions, homogeneous reaction without separation and washing steps, effective-cost without the need of labeling, and high amplification efficiency, which might be a universal and promising protocol for the detection of a variety of biomolecules whose aptamers undergo similar conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Bi
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Baoyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Jiayan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Abstract
Increasing interest in detecting metal ions in many chemical and biomedical fields has created demands for developing sensors and imaging agents for metal ions with high sensitivity and selectivity. This review covers recent progress in DNA-based sensors and imaging agents for metal ions. Through both combinatorial selection and rational design, a number of metal-ion-dependent DNAzymes and metal-ion-binding DNA structures that can selectively recognize specific metal ions have been obtained. By attachment of these DNA molecules with signal reporters such as fluorophores, chromophores, electrochemical tags, and Raman tags, a number of DNA-based sensors for both diamagnetic and paramagnetic metal ions have been developed for fluorescent, colorimetric, electrochemical, and surface Raman detection. These sensors are highly sensitive (with a detection limit down to 11 ppt) and selective (with selectivity up to millions-fold) toward specific metal ions. In addition, through further development to simplify the operation, such as the use of "dipstick tests", portable fluorometers, computer-readable disks, and widely available glucose meters, these sensors have been applied for on-site and real-time environmental monitoring and point-of-care medical diagnostics. The use of these sensors for in situ cellular imaging has also been reported. The generality of the combinatorial selection to obtain DNAzymes for almost any metal ion in any oxidation state and the ease of modification of the DNA with different signal reporters make DNA an emerging and promising class of molecules for metal-ion sensing and imaging in many fields of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Fax: 217-244-3186; Tel: 217-333-2619
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Fax: 217-244-3186; Tel: 217-333-2619
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45
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Cheng S, Zheng B, Wang M, Zhao Q, Lam MHW, Ge X. Determination of Adenosine Triphosphate by a Target Inhibited Catalytic Cycle Based on a Strand Displacement Reaction. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.841179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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46
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Cao Y, Chen D, Chen W, Yu J, Chen Z, Li G. Aptamer-based homogeneous protein detection using cucurbit[7]uril functionalized electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 812:45-9. [PMID: 24491763 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for homogeneous protein detection is developed based on a cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) functionalized electrode. The analytical procedure consists of the binding of target protein to its aptamer in the test solution, followed by an exonuclease-catalyzed digestion of methylene blue (MB) tag labeled DNA oligonucleotides. Since CB[7] molecules immobilized on the electrode may efficiently capture the released MB-labeled nucleotides, the MB tags are concentrated to the electrode surface and subsequently yield highly sensitive electrochemical signal, which is related to the concentration of the target protein. The method combines the host-guest properties of CB[7] with the immobilization-free homogeneous assay, providing a powerful tool for protein detection. Taking the detection of osteopontin as an example, the proposed method can have a linear response to the target protein in a range from 50 to 500 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 10.7 ng mL(-1). It can also show high specificity and good reproducibility, and can be used directly for the assay of osteopontin in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dehu Chen
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiacui Yu
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Genxi Li
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Biochemistry and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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47
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Boutorine AS, Novopashina DS, Krasheninina OA, Nozeret K, Venyaminova AG. Fluorescent probes for nucleic Acid visualization in fixed and live cells. Molecules 2013; 18:15357-97. [PMID: 24335616 PMCID: PMC6270009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review analyses the literature concerning non-fluorescent and fluorescent probes for nucleic acid imaging in fixed and living cells from the point of view of their suitability for imaging intracellular native RNA and DNA. Attention is mainly paid to fluorescent probes for fluorescence microscopy imaging. Requirements for the target-binding part and the fluorophore making up the probe are formulated. In the case of native double-stranded DNA, structure-specific and sequence-specific probes are discussed. Among the latest, three classes of dsDNA-targeting molecules are described: (i) sequence-specific peptides and proteins; (ii) triplex-forming oligonucleotides and (iii) polyamide oligo(N-methylpyrrole/N-methylimidazole) minor groove binders. Polyamides seem to be the most promising targeting agents for fluorescent probe design, however, some technical problems remain to be solved, such as the relatively low sequence specificity and the high background fluorescence inside the cells. Several examples of fluorescent probe applications for DNA imaging in fixed and living cells are cited. In the case of intracellular RNA, only modified oligonucleotides can provide such sequence-specific imaging. Several approaches for designing fluorescent probes are considered: linear fluorescent probes based on modified oligonucleotide analogs, molecular beacons, binary fluorescent probes and template-directed reactions with fluorescence probe formation, FRET donor-acceptor pairs, pyrene excimers, aptamers and others. The suitability of all these methods for living cell applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre S. Boutorine
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR 7196, INSERM, U565, 57 rue Cuvier, B.P. 26, Paris Cedex 05, F-75231, France; E-Mail:
| | - Darya S. Novopashina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; E-Mails: (D.S.N.); (O.A.K.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Olga A. Krasheninina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; E-Mails: (D.S.N.); (O.A.K.); (A.G.V.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Karine Nozeret
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR 7196, INSERM, U565, 57 rue Cuvier, B.P. 26, Paris Cedex 05, F-75231, France; E-Mail:
| | - Alya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; E-Mails: (D.S.N.); (O.A.K.); (A.G.V.)
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Amaya-González S, de-los-Santos-Álvarez N, Miranda-Ordieres AJ, Lobo-Castañón MJ. Aptamer-based analysis: a promising alternative for food safety control. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:16292-311. [PMID: 24287543 PMCID: PMC3892839 DOI: 10.3390/s131216292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring food safety is nowadays a top priority of authorities and professional players in the food supply chain. One of the key challenges to determine the safety of food and guarantee a high level of consumer protection is the availability of fast, sensitive and reliable analytical methods to identify specific hazards associated to food before they become a health problem. The limitations of existing methods have encouraged the development of new technologies, among them biosensors. Success in biosensor design depends largely on the development of novel receptors with enhanced affinity to the target, while being stable and economical. Aptamers fulfill these characteristics, and thus have surfaced as promising alternatives to natural receptors. This Review describes analytical strategies developed so far using aptamers for the control of pathogens, allergens, adulterants, toxins and other forbidden contaminants to ensure food safety. The main progresses to date are presented, highlighting potential prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Amaya-González
- Departamento de Química-Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain; E-Mails: (S.A.-G.); (N.S.-Á.); (A.J.M.-O.)
| | - Noemí de-los-Santos-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química-Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain; E-Mails: (S.A.-G.); (N.S.-Á.); (A.J.M.-O.)
| | - Arturo J. Miranda-Ordieres
- Departamento de Química-Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain; E-Mails: (S.A.-G.); (N.S.-Á.); (A.J.M.-O.)
| | - Maria Jesús Lobo-Castañón
- Departamento de Química-Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain; E-Mails: (S.A.-G.); (N.S.-Á.); (A.J.M.-O.)
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A target-triggered strand displacement reaction cycle: the design and application in adenosine triphosphate sensing. Anal Biochem 2013; 446:69-75. [PMID: 24161614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A strand displacement reaction (SDR) system that runs solely on oligonucleotides has been developed for the amplification detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It involves a target-induced SDR and an entropy-driven catalytic cycle of two SDRs with five oligonucleotides, denoted as substrate, fuel, catalyst, C-1, and C-2. Catalyst, released from the ATP aptamer-catalyst duplex by ATP molecule, catalyzes the SDRs to finally form the substrate-fuel duplex. All of the intermediates in the catalytic SDR processes have been identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. The introduction of ATP into the SDR system will induce the ATP aptamer to form G-quadruplex conformation so as to release catalyst and trigger the SDR cycle. When the substrate and C-2 oligonucleotides were labeled with a carboxyfluorescein (FAM) fluorophore and a 4-([4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo)benzoic acid (DABCYL) quencher, this SDR catalytic system exhibited a "turn-on" response for ATP. The condition for detecting ATP, such as Mg²⁺ concentration, has been optimized to afford a detection limit of 20 nM. This work provides an enzyme-free biosensing strategy and has potential application in aptamer-based biosensing.
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Nakao S, Oishi M. Rational Design of a Fluorescence-amplified Aptasensor Based on Enzyme-assisted Target Recycling Strategy. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakao
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Motoi Oishi
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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