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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Hernández JG. Intermediates in Mechanochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317638. [PMID: 38179857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemical reactions offer methodological and environmental advantages for chemical synthesis, constantly attracting attention within the scientific community. Besides unmistakable sustainability advantages, the conditions under which mechanochemical reactions occur, namely solventless conditions, sometimes facilitate the isolation of otherwise labile or inaccessible products. Despite these advantages, limited knowledge exists regarding the mechanisms of these reactions and the types of intermediates involved. Nevertheless, in an expanding number of cases, ex situ and in situ monitoring techniques have allowed for the observation, characterization, and isolation of reaction intermediates in mechanochemical transformations. In this Minireview, we present a series of examples in which reactive intermediates have been detected in mechanochemical reactions spanning organic, organometallic, inorganic, and materials chemistry. Many of these intermediates were stabilized by non-covalent interactions, which played a pivotal role in guiding the chemical transformations. We believe that by uncovering and understanding such instances, the growing mechanochemistry community could find novel opportunities in catalysis and discover new mechanochemical reactions while achieving simplification in chemical reaction design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José G Hernández
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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2
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Li N, Gu ZG, Zhang J. Erasable Photopatterning of Stilbene-Based Metal-Organic Framework Films. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201231. [PMID: 36938901 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of photosensitive materials for erasable photopatterning is of significant interest in anti-counterfeiting and information storage applications. Herein two kinds of stilbene-based metal-organic framework (MOF) films with layer by layer method for studying photopatterning is reported. The resulting 2D Zn2 (sdc)2 MOF film (sdc = 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylate) exhibits excellent photosensitive features with a very short photoconversion time (<35 s) while the 3D MOF Zn4 O(sdc)6 film does not have the property due to the fact that only parallel and short distance arrangement of olefin groups in the adjacent MOF layers can trigger [2+2] photocycloaddition. Furthermore, the Zn2 (sdc)2 film indicates obvious reversible fluorescent photoswitch behavior between yellow and blue fluorescence emission, which can achieve high-efficient, erasable photopatterning with various sizes (ca. 20 microns to decimeter). This study not only develops a new kind of photosensitive crystalline network film but also provides erasable photopatterning from macroscopic to microscopic in optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Cocrystals for photochemical solid-state reactions: An account on crystal engineering perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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4
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Mechanochemical synthesis and structure analysis of binary cocrystals of extended bis-pyridyl spacers with resorcinol and orcinol. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Isomerization of cyclobutane ligands in the solid state and solution. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Li C, Swenson DC, MacGillivray LR. Programming Rapid Functional Group Diversification into a Solid‐State Reaction: Aryl Nitriles for Self‐Assembly, Click Reactivity, and Discovery of Coexisting Supramolecular Synthons. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200978. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changan Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242–1294 USA
| | - Dale C. Swenson
- Department of Chemistry University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242–1294 USA
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7
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Rath BB, Vittal JJ. Photoreactive Crystals Exhibiting [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reaction and Dynamic Effects. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1445-1455. [PMID: 35499483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusConducting a reaction in the solid state eliminates the usage of solvents. If such reactions are conducted in a single-crystal to single-crystal (SCSC) fashion, then structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray crystallography (SCXRD) techniques provides unequivocal structural details. Although topochemical principles govern, getting single crystals at the end of a SCSC reaction purely depends on the experimental skills of the researchers. SCSC reactions are common among solid-state [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions (hereafter "photoreaction") after the classical work of Schmidt and co-workers in 1960s. Synthons and tectons in the crystal engineering box can be exploited to bring the functional groups into the required alignment and packing to achieve the desired chemical reactivities and physical properties, respectively. Bringing a pair of alkenes closer together in the organic molecules provides an effective starting point to achieve the goal of crystal engineering.Further, understanding and controlling photoreactivity in the solid state provide a gateway to designing new advanced materials, for example, making cycloreversible optical storage materials, photosalient and photomechanical materials, highly crystalline or even single-crystalline organic polymers, covalent organic framework structures, and organic polymers incorporated inside metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Photoreactions often proceed in a SCSC manner due to the limited movements of the closely disposed reactive functional groups in the crystals. Thus, these photoreactions yield not only quantitative photoproducts but also regio- and stereospecificity, which are otherwise inaccessible by solution syntheses.The traditional definition of crystals being hard, rigid, and brittle is no longer valid ever since the mechanically responsive crystals were discovered. These dynamic crystals undergo various movements like curling, jumping, hopping, popping, splitting, and wiggling, when exposed to light (called "photosalient effect") or heat (called "thermosalient" effect). These crystals generate new methods of transforming light and heat energy into mechanical work. Recently, photosalient behavior during the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction under UV light has been frequently observed. With the emergence of the field of "crystal adaptronics", dynamic photoreactive crystals have emerged as smart actuating materials.This Account aims to provide an overview of the development in this area, since it has garnered much attention among solid state chemists. While presenting selected examples of important strategies, we try to illustrate the intentions and concepts behind the methods developed, which will help in a rational approach for the fabrication of advanced solid state materials. Apart from topochemical transformations, the important roles played by weak interactions, guest solvents, and mechanical grinding have been highlighted in several classes of compounds to show structural transformations that defy the expected outcomes. Overall, the progress of [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in solid state materials has been discussed from UV induced structural transformations to the development of smart actuating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadese J. Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
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8
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Kole GK, Mir MH. Isolation of elusive cyclobutane ligands via template assisted photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction and their utility in engineering crystalline solids. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reactionis one of the promising routes to isolate highly strained cyclobutane derivatives whichmay otherwise be very difficult to obtain via conventional synthetic methodology. Various methods have...
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9
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Zhu RR, Wang T, Zhao L, He L, Gao F, Du L, Zhao QH. Synthesis of carboxy-cyclobutane isomers combining an amide bond and self-assembly of coordination polymers in the solid state: controlling the reaction site of [2 + 2] cycloaddition by introducing a substituent group. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combining an amide bond and self-assembly of CPs by solid-state [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions to synthesize stereoselectively carboxy-cyclobutane isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liancheng He
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
| | - Lin Du
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
| | - Qi-Hua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource
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10
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Alkaş A, Friche LES, Harris SN, Telfer SG. Thermal Elimination of Ethylene from Cyclobutyl Groups Characterized by X-ray Crystallography in a Metal-Organic Framework Matrix. Chemistry 2020; 26:10321-10329. [PMID: 32686872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Methods to synthesize and characterize aromatic molecules with vinyl substituents are sought after yet limited in the literature. Here, we introduce cyclobutyl groups into a metal-organic framework (MOF) matrix that are poised to produce ethylene upon heating. The expulsion of ethylene produces vinyl groups on an aromatic core, which are isolated by the crystalline matrix of the framework. This enables full characterization of the thermolysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Further, we modify the vinyl groups by a bromine addition reaction. Importantly, the two transformations happen in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal manner without changing the overall network structure of the parent framework. New insights into the structural and synthetic chemistry of this important class of compound are generated. Installing reactive vinyl tags in materials by the high temperature thermolysis of cyclobutyl groups is a powerful strategy for altering their physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Alkaş
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Laurine E S Friche
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shikeale N Harris
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shane G Telfer
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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11
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Yelgaonkar SP, Swenson DC, MacGillivray LR. Supramolecular chemistry under mechanochemical conditions: a small molecule template generated and integrated into a molecular-to-supramolecular and back-to-molecular cascade reaction. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3569-3573. [PMID: 34109029 PMCID: PMC8152585 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the integration of a small-molecule hydrogen-bond-donor template into a cascade reaction that is comprised of a combination of molecular and supramolecular events. The cascade is performed mechanochemically and in the presence of μL amounts of water. The small-molecule template is generated (molecular) using water-assisted vortex grinding and is then used to assemble an alkene (supramolecular) to undergo an intermolecular [2 + 2] photodimerization reaction (molecular). The chemical cascade results in a cyclobutane photoproduct that we show serves as a building block of a hydrogen-bonded network with a topology that conforms to T-silica. Remarkably, the molecular-supramolecular-molecular chemical cascade occurs stepwise and entirely regioselectively within the continuous mechanochemical conditions employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dale C Swenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA
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12
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Shabir G, Saeed A, Qasim M, Bolte M, Hökelek T, Erben MF. On the planarity of the cyclobutane ring in the crystal of dimethyl 2,4-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate: a natural bond orbital and Hirshfeld surface analysis study. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The α-form of this 1,3-di-(substituted)-2,4-bis-(substituted)-cyclobutane derivative displays a planar ring in the gas phase and solution. The intermolecular interactions in the crystal have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-I-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-I-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-I-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- J. W. Goethe-Universität
- Max-von-Laue-Str. 7
- D-60438 Frankfurt/Main
- Germany
| | - Tuncer Hökelek
- Department of Physics
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Beytepe-Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Mauricio Federico Erben
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CONICET-CCT La Plata)
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- Bv. 120 1465
- La Plata (1900)
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13
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Zhu CR, Xie JP, Mou HR, Huang ZJ, Tang Q, Gong CB, Fu XK. Dual-colored 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)-tetrabenzoate electrochromic materials with large optical contrast and coloration efficiency. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports novel ester-containing electrochromic materials, 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)tetrabenzoate derivatives, with dual-colored electrochromism, high color contrast and coloration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-rong Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Jia-ping Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Hong-rong Mou
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Zhen-jie Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Qian Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Cheng-bin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Xiang-kai Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
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14
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Dutta B, Sinha C, Mir MH. The sunlight-driven photosalient effect of a 1D coordination polymer and the release of an elusive cyclobutane derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11049-11051. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 1D coordination polymer exhibits photosalient effect due to photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction by UV as well as sunlight irradiation accompanied by the release of free cyclobutane ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Aliah University
- Kolkata 700 156
- India
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15
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Patterns of hydrogen bonding involving thiourea in the series of thiourea⋅trans-1,2-bispyridyl ethylene cocrystals – A comparative study. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Ortega G, Hernández J, González T, Dorta R, Briceño A. 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic acid: a versatile hydrogen bonding template for controlling the regioselective topochemical synthesis of head-to-tail photodimers from stilbazole derivatives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:670-680. [PMID: 29717722 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The crystal engineering of hydrogen bonded organic assemblies based on 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4bta) and stilbazole derivatives (1-10) is exploited to provide regio-controlled [2 + 2] photocycloadditions in the solid state. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses have revealed that all the arrays are built-up from the self-assembly of the (H2bta)2- dianion with two stilbazolium cations via O-HO- and N+-HO- charge-assisted H-bonding synthons: (4-Hstilbazolium+)2(H2bta2-). The dianion displays an interesting diversity of H-bonding motifs. Such structural flexibility allowed us to obtain four structure-types defined by the preferential formation of intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bonds between carboxylate-carboxylic groups. In these ionic assemblies two predominant structural H-bonding patterns were observed. The first pattern is characterised by the formation of intramolecular H-bonds in the dianion, leading to discrete assemblies based on ternary arrays. The second hydrogen pattern consists of 2-D hydrogen networks built-up from the self-assembly of anions via intermolecular H-bonds that are linked to the cations. Two additional examples, in which the dianion is self-assembled in two types of ribbons, were also observed. Another supramolecular feature predominant in all these arrays is the stacking of the cations in a head-to-tail fashion, which is controlled via cation-π interactions. These arrays are photoactive in the solid state upon UV-irradiation leading to the regioselective synthesis of rctt-cyclobutane head-to-tail-isomers in high to quantitative yield. In this work, the template tolerance either to steric or electronic effects by changing the number or positions of the supramolecular interactions exerted by distinctive functional groups was also explored. In addition, assemblies bearing 2-chloro (7 and 8) and 3-chloro-4-stilbazole (1 and 9) crystallize in two different crystalline forms, leading to novel examples of supramolecular isomers with similar solid state reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ortega
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, San Antonio de Los Altos, Miranda, Venezuela.
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, San Antonio de Los Altos, Miranda, Venezuela.
| | - Teresa González
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, San Antonio de Los Altos, Miranda, Venezuela.
| | - Romano Dorta
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Briceño
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, San Antonio de Los Altos, Miranda, Venezuela.
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17
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Ligand geometry-driven formation of Zn(II) MOFs based on 1,3-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl] benzene and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Kwon H, Lee E. Coordination preference of hexa(2-pyridyl)benzene with copper(ii) directed by hydrogen bonding. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00918j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Coordination modes of hexa(2-pyridyl)benzene ligand with copper(ii) ions were controlled by different solvents mainly due to hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Kwon
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity
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19
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Ramamurthy V, Sivaguru J. Supramolecular Photochemistry as a Potential Synthetic Tool: Photocycloaddition. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9914-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
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20
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Cai LX, Chen C, Zhang YJ, Yang XD, Zhang J. Photodimerization of an olefin-containing pyridinium-based metal–organic complex and isomerization of its cyclobutane product upon recrystallization. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00724d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Singh AS, Sun SS. Structurally Flexible C₃-Symmetric Receptors for Molecular Recognition and Their Self-Assembly Properties. CHEM REC 2015. [PMID: 26202256 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The bioinspired design and synthesis of building blocks and their assemblies by the supramolecular approach has ever fascinated scientists to utilize such artificial systems for numerous purposes. Flexibility is a basic feature of natural systems. However, in artificial systems this is difficult to control, especially if there is no preorganization of the component(s) of a system. We have designed and synthesized a series of C3 -symmetric N-bridged flexible receptors and successfully utilized them to selectively entrap the notorious and toxic nitrate anion in aqueous medium. This was the first report of highest binding affinity for the nitrate anion in aqueous medium. An impressive self-sorting phenomenon of reversibly formed hydrogen-bonded capsules, which self-assembled from flexible tripodal receptors having branches of similar size and bearing the same amide functionality, has been disclosed. Encapsulated nitrate anion has been further utilized for the photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of strained four-membered ring structures through dynamic self-assembly. In this Personal Account, we summarize these results showing the utility of naturally inspired flexibility in artificial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh S Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Near Sainik School, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Briceño A, Leal D, Díaz de Delgado G. A novel example of double reactivity by either photochemical [2+2] or thermal additions of an ionic organic supramolecular assembly. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00678c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An example of double reactivity in the solid state was achieved from an ionic array directed by charge-assisted hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Briceño
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC)
- Apartado 21827
- Venezuela
| | - Dayana Leal
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC)
- Apartado 21827
- Venezuela
| | - Graciela Díaz de Delgado
- Universidad de Los Andes (ULA)
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Departamento de Química
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía
- Mérida 5251
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23
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Bello L, Quintero M, Mora AJ, González T, Escalona A, Añez R, Ávila EE, Briceño A. Study of temperature and ligand flexibility effects on coordination polymer formation from cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00646e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three novel coordination polymers (CPs) from rctt-H4Cbtc and 4,4’-bpe with Zn and Ni metal nodes have been synthesized. The CP derivates of Zn are an unusual example for the preparation of metastable phases involving temperature dependent and concomitant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizaira Bello
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Marilyn Quintero
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía
| | - Asiloé J. Mora
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Teresa González
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Ana Escalona
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Rafael Añez
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Edward E. Ávila
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
| | - Alexander Briceño
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales
- Centro de Química
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
- San Antonio de Los Altos, Venezuela
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24
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Tamboli MI, Bahadur V, Gonnade RG, Shashidhar MS. Correlation of the solid-state reactivities of racemic 2,4(6)-di-O-benzoyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate and its 4,4'-bipyridine cocrystal with their crystal structures. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 70:1040-5. [PMID: 25370103 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229614021834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Racemic 2,4(6)-di-O-benzoyl-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate, C21H18O8, (1), shows a very efficient intermolecular benzoyl-group migration reaction in its crystals. However, the presence of 4,4'-bipyridine molecules in its cocrystal, C21H18O8·C10H8N2, (1)·BP, inhibits the intermolecular benzoyl-group transfer reaction. In (1), molecules are assembled around the crystallographic twofold screw axis (b axis) to form a helical self-assembly through conventional O-H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions. This helical association places the reactive C6-O-benzoyl group (electrophile, El) and the C4-hydroxy group (nucleophile, Nu) in proximity, with a preorganized El···Nu geometry favourable for the acyl transfer reaction. In the cocrystal (1)·BP, the dibenzoate and bipyridine molecules are arranged alternately through O-H···N interactions. The presence of the bipyridine molecules perturbs the regular helical assembly of the dibenzoate molecules and thus restricts the solid-state reactivity. Hence, unlike the parent dibenzoate crystals, the cocrystals do not exhibit benzoyl-transfer reactions. This approach is useful for increasing the stability of small molecules in the crystalline state and could find application in the design of functional solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid I Tamboli
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Vir Bahadur
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Center for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Mysore S Shashidhar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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25
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Bauer CA, Jones SC, Kinnibrugh TL, Tongwa P, Farrell RA, Vakil A, Timofeeva TV, Khrustalev VN, Allendorf MD. Homo- and heterometallic luminescent 2-D stilbene metal-organic frameworks. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2925-35. [PMID: 24346232 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52939h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can provide a matrix for the assembly of organic chromophores into well-defined geometries, allowing for tuning of the material properties and study of structure-property relationships. Here, we report on the effect of the coordinated metal ion on the luminescence properties of eight isostructural MOFs having the formula M(1)2M(2)L3(DMF)2 (M(1) = M(2) = Zn (1), Cd (2), Mn (3), Co (4); M(1) = Zn, M(2) = Cd (5), Mn (6), Co (7); M(1) = Co, M(2) = Mn (8); L = trans-4,4'-stilbene dicarboxylate), synthesized by reaction of the appropriate metal nitrate or mixtures of metal nitrates with LH2 in DMF. The crystal structures of 2, 3 and 5-8 were determined by X-ray diffraction to be composed of trinuclear metal clusters linked by stilbene dicarboxylate linkers in a paddlewheel geometry, extending to form a 2-D layered structure. In the mixed-metal cases, the larger metal ion was found to occupy the octahedral site in the cluster while the smaller ion occupies the tetrahedral positions, suggesting a selective, ligand-directed assembly process for the mixed-metal species. Variable temperature magnetic measurements for paramagnetic MOFs 3 and 6-8 were consistent with the site occupancies determined crystallographically, and indicated weak intra-cluster antiferromagnetic coupling for 3 and 8. Comparison between the crystal structures of 2, 3 and 5-8 and those reported for 1 and 4 in the literature reveal close resemblances between linker environments, with important intermolecular stilbene-stilbene geometries that are comparable in all cases. Interestingly, pale-colored 1-3 and 5-7 display very similar emission profiles upon excitation at λ(ex) = 350 nm, whereas dark-colored 4 and 8 do not exhibit detectable emission spectra. The bright, well-resolved luminescence of 1, 2 and 5 is ascribed to rigidification of the linker upon coordination to the d(10) metal ions, whereas the weaker emission observed for 3, 6 and 7 is presumably a result of quenching due to close proximity of the linker to one or more paramagnetic ions. Time-resolved measurements for 1, 2, 5 and 6 reveal biexponential emission decays, where the lifetime of the longer-lived state corresponds to observed variations in the nearest-neighbor cofacial stilbene-stilbene distances in their crystal structures. For 3, a monoexponential decay with shorter lifetime was determined, indicating significant paramagnetic quenching of its emissive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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26
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Sanotra S, Gupta R, Khajuria S, Sheikh HN, Kalsotra BL, Gupta VK, Rajnikant. Hydrothermal synthesis, structure, and porosity studies of coordination polymer [Na2(H2O)8Cu(pydc)2] n. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-1092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Kole GK, Kojima T, Kawano M, Vittal JJ. Reversible Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Photochemical Formation and Thermal Cleavage of a Cyclobutane Ring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2143-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Kole GK, Kojima T, Kawano M, Vittal JJ. Reversible Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Photochemical Formation and Thermal Cleavage of a Cyclobutane Ring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Safarifard V, Morsali A. Solid state syntheses of nano lead(II) iodide triazole carboxylate coordination polymer from its bromide/thiocyanate/chloride analogs via mechanochemical crystal to crystal transformations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Kole GK, Peedikakkal AMP, Toh BMF, Vittal JJ. Solid-State Structural Transformations and Photoreactivity of 1D-Ladder Coordination Polymers of PbII. Chemistry 2013; 19:3962-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Briceño A, Leal D, Ortega G, Delgado GDD, Ocando E, Cubillan L. Self-assembly, concomitant photochemical processes, and improvement of the yield of [2 + 2] photoreactions from supramolecular arrays via mechanochemical assistance. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce26752k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Singh AS, Sun SS. Recyclable nitrate-templated photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction promoted by a tripodal receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10070-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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33
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Luminescent Properties and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks. METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS FOR PHOTONICS APPLICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2013_133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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35
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Kole GK, Tan GK, Vittal JJ. Solid state photodimerization of trans-2-(4-pyridyl)-4-vinylbenzoic acid via salt formation and isomerisation of cyclobutane compounds in solution. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26086g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Kole GK, Tan GK, Koh LL, Vittal JJ. Co-crystals of tetrakis-1,2,3,4-(4′-carboxyphenyl)cyclobutane with dipyridyl spacers: design and serendipity. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25513h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Briceño A, Hill Y. Exploring the use of anionic homoleptic complexes as templates in the design of photoreactive multi-component supramolecular assemblies. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Safarifard V, Morsali A. Mechanochemical solid-state transformations from a 3D lead(ii) chloride triazole carboxylate coordination polymer to its bromide/thiocyanate analogs via anion-replacements: precursors for the preparation of lead(ii) chloride/bromide/sulfide nanoparticles. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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A Supramolecular Protecting Group Strategy Introduced to the Organic Solid State: Enhanced Reactivity through Molecular Pedal Motion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Elacqua E, Kaushik P, Groeneman RH, Sumrak JC, Bučar DK, MacGillivray LR. A Supramolecular Protecting Group Strategy Introduced to the Organic Solid State: Enhanced Reactivity through Molecular Pedal Motion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1037-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Kole GK, Tan GK, Vittal JJ. Role of anions in the synthesis of cyclobutane derivatives via [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in the solid state and their isomerization in solution. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7860-5. [PMID: 21776965 DOI: 10.1021/jo201268p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
trans-3-(4'-Pyridyl)acrylic acid (4-PA) is inert to photodimerization reaction both in solution and solid state. It is made photoreactive by forming salts with various acids. The anions of these salts play a key role in directing the packing of 4-PAH(+) in the solid state. The anions CF(3)CO(2)(-), Cl(-), ClO(4)(-), and BF(4)(-) direct the parallel alignments of 4-PAH(+) in head-to-tail (HT) fashion and lead to the formation of HT-photodimer. On the other hand, bivalent anion SO(4)(2-) directs parallel alignment of 4-PAH(+) in head-to-head (HH) fashion and lead to the formation of HH-photodimer. The details of the anion-controlled stereoselective syntheses of these two cyclobutane derivatives are presented. Interestingly, both cyclobutane compounds undergo isomerization from rctt-form to rctc-form in solution catalyzed by acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Kumar Kole
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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42
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Liu D, Li NY, Lang JP. Single-crystal to single-crystal transformation of 1D coordination polymervia photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2170-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Kole GK, Tan GK, Vittal JJ. Crystal engineering studies on the salts of trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic acid in the context of solid state [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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