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Chen N, Yang Z, Lin JL, Zhou Z, Xie Y, Wang L, Li Y. Fabrication of multi-functional molecular tunnelling junctions by click chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:336-339. [PMID: 38073516 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04576e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Continuous advancement in molecular electronics demands increasing functionality and diversity of integrated molecular junctions; however, single-functional molecular junctions fail to meet these requirements. In this article, we propose the use of a widely applicable and efficient click reaction on the surface to modify self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to achieve multifunctional molecular tunnelling junctions, current rectification and memristance, on a single chip. This approach has allowed us to meet the growing demand for versatility and functionality in molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lejia Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Wang Q, Cui H, Wang X, Hu Z, Tao P, Li M, Wang J, Tang Y, Xu H, He X. Exceptional Light Sensitivity by Thiol-Ene Click Lithography. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3064-3074. [PMID: 36625511 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithographic patterning, which utilizes the solubility switch of photoresists to convert optical signals into nanostructures on the substrate, is the primary top-down approach for nanoscale fabrication. However, the low light/electron-energy conversion efficiency severely limits the throughput of lithography. Thiol-ene reaction, as a photoinitiated radical addition reaction, is widely known as click reaction in the field of chemistry due to its extremely high efficiency. Here, we introduce a click lithography strategy utilizing the rapid thiol-ene click reaction to realize ultraefficient nanofabrication. This novel approach facilitated by the implementation of ultrahigh-functionality material designs enables high-contrast patterning of metal-containing nanoclusters under an extremely low deep-ultraviolet exposure dose, e.g., 7.5 mJ cm-2, which is 10-20 times lower than the dose used in the photoacid generator-based photoresist system. Meanwhile, 45 nm dense patterns were also achieved at a low dose using electron beam lithography, revealing the great potential of this approach in high-resolution patterning. Our results demonstrated the high-sensitivity and high-resolution features of click lithography, providing inspiration for future lithography design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Ziyu Hu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Peipei Tao
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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3
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Recent advances in surface modification of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings treated by non-biodegradable polymers. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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4
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Golvari P, Alkameh K, Kuebler SM. Si-H Surface Groups Inhibit Methacrylic Polymerization: Thermal Hydrosilylation of Allyl Methacrylate with Silicon Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8366-8373. [PMID: 35686698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-terminated silicon nanoparticles (H-SiNPs) inhibit anerobic thermal autopolymerization of methacrylates. When heated to 100 °C under an inert atmosphere, allyl methacrylate (AMA) was stable for at least 95 h in the presence of 1.2 wt % H-SiNPs, exhibiting less than 0.15% conversion, whereas the neat monomer solidified within 24 h (over 10% conversion after 34 h). A mechanism is proposed that is based on H-transfer from SiNPs to the thermally activated methacrylic dimer biradical, quenching autopolymerization. An analysis of SiNPs isolated after heating in AMA reveals the grafting of ester groups. Thermal hydrosilylation offers a facile way to attach an allyl group to the surface of SiNPs.
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5
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Wang L, Schubert US, Hoeppener S. Surface chemical reactions on self-assembled silane based monolayers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6507-6540. [PMID: 34100051 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to update our review "Chemical modification of self-assembled silane-based monolayers by surface reactions" which was published in 2010 and has developed into an important guiding tool for researchers working on the modification of solid substrate surface properties by chemical modification of silane-based self-assembled monolayers. Due to the rapid development of this field of research in the last decade, the utilization of chemical functionalities in self-assembled monolayers has been significantly improved and some new processes were introduced in chemical surface reactions for tailoring the properties of solid substrates. Thus, it is time to update the developments in the surface functionalization of silane-based molecules. Hence, after a short introduction on self-assembled monolayers, this review focuses on a series of chemical reactions, i.e., nucleophilic substitution, click chemistry, supramolecular modification, photochemical reaction, and other reactions, which have been applied for the modification of hydroxyl-terminated substrates, like silicon and glass, which have been reported during the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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6
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Atanasova P, Dou M, Kousik SR, Bill J, Fyta M. Adsorption of azide-functionalized thiol linkers on zinc oxide surfaces. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5466-5478. [PMID: 35423087 PMCID: PMC8694732 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between organic molecules and a metal oxide surface is essential for an efficient surface modification and the formation of organic-inorganic hybrids with technological applications ranging from heterogeneous catalysis and biomedical templates up to functional nanoporous matrices. In this work, first-principles calculations supported by experiments are used to provide the microstructural characteristics of (101̄0) surfaces of zinc oxide single crystals modified by azide terminated hydrocarbons, which graft on the oxide through a thiol group. On the computational side, we evaluate the specific interactions between the surface and the molecules with the chemical formula N3(CH2) n SH, with n = 1, 3, 6, 9. We demonstrate that the molecules chemisorb on the bridge site of ZnO(101̄0). Upon adsorption, the N3(CH2) n SH molecules break the neutral (Zn δ+-O δ-) dimers on ZnO(101̄0) resulting in a structural distortion of the ZnO(101̄0) substrate. The energy decomposition analysis revealed that such structure distortion favors the adsorption of the molecules on the surface leading to a strong correlation between the surface distortion energy and the interaction energy of the molecule. An azide-terminated thiol with three methylene groups in the hydrocarbon chain N3(CH2)3SH was synthesized, and the assembly of this linker on ZnO surfaces was confirmed through atomic force microscopy. The bonding to the inorganic surface was examined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Clear signatures of the organic components on the oxide substrates were observed underlying the successful realization of thiol-grafting on the metal oxide. Temperature-dependent and angle-resolved XPS were applied to examine the thermal stability and to determine the thickness of the grafted SAMs, respectively. We discuss the high potential of our hybrid materials in providing further functionalities towards heterocatalysis and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petia Atanasova
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Maofeng Dou
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart Allmandring 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Shravan R Kousik
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart Heisenbergstr. 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Maria Fyta
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart Allmandring 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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7
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Hambly BP, Sears CK, Guzinski M, Perez F, Latonen RM, Bobacka J, Pendley BD, Lindner E. Multilayer and Surface Immobilization of EDOT-Decorated Nanocapsules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:499-508. [PMID: 33372781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To assess the feasibility of utilizing reagent-loaded, porous polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) for chemical and biochemical sensor design, the surfaces of the NCs were decorated with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moieties. The pores in the capsule wall allow unhindered bidirectional diffusion of molecules smaller than the programmed pore sizes, while larger molecules are either entrapped inside or blocked from entering the interior of the nanocapsules. Here, we investigate two electrochemical deposition methods to covalently attach acrylate-based porous nanocapsules with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene moieties on the nanocapsule surface, i.e., EDOT-decorated NCs to the surface of an existing PEDOT film: (1) galvanostatic or bilayer deposition with supporting EDOT in the deposition solution and (2) potentiostatic deposition without supporting EDOT in the deposition solution. The distribution of the covalently attached NCs in the PEDOT films was studied by variable angle FTIR-ATR and XPS depth profiling. The galvanostatic deposition of EDOT-decorated NCs over an existing PEDOT (tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate) [PEDOT(TPFPhB)] film resulted in a bilayer structure, with an interface between the NC-free and NC-loaded layers, that could be traced with variable angle FTIR-ATR measurements. In contrast, the FTIR-ATR and XPS analyses of the films deposited potentiostatically from a solution without EDOT and containing only the EDOT-decorated NCs showed small amounts of NCs in the entire cross section of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P Hambly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Chandler K Sears
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Marcin Guzinski
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Felio Perez
- Material Science Lab, Integrated Microscopy Center, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Rose-Marie Latonen
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Johan Bobacka
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Bradford D Pendley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Ernő Lindner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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8
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Chi H, Wang S, Li T, Li Z. Recent progress in using hybrid silicon polymer composites for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128380. [PMID: 33297284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions, oil and organic pollutants in water does not only cause serious water pollution, but also pose serious threats to ecosystems and human health. To this end, water pollution has gradually gained human attention, and various wastewater treatment methods are emerging. Organosilicon polymer composites are a class of materials that contain organic-inorganic hybrid structures with the characteristics of hydrophobicity, thermal stability and easy modification, which provides a brand new solution for wastewater treatment. In this review, various structural features including amorphous, linear, and cage structure of silicon containing polymer composites and the removal mechanism targeting at heavy metal ions, oil and organic pollutants of silicon containing polymer composites are summarized. The viewpoints and challenges in adsorption and engineering application are discussed, and possible solutions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A∗STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
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9
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Hafeez S, Nebhani L. TEMPO driven thiol–ene reaction for the preparation of polymer functionalized silicon wafers. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TEMPO driven thiol–ene reaction was utilized to prepare silicon (Si) wafers modified with a variety of polymer brushes, such as poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), polystyrene, poly(isobornyl acrylate), poly(acrylic acid), and functionalized cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Hafeez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Leena Nebhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
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10
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Peiris CR, Ciampi S, Dief EM, Zhang J, Canfield PJ, Le Brun AP, Kosov DS, Reimers JR, Darwish N. Spontaneous S-Si bonding of alkanethiols to Si(111)-H: towards Si-molecule-Si circuits. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5246-5256. [PMID: 34122981 PMCID: PMC8159313 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of covalently linked self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon surfaces, using mild conditions, in a way that is compatible with silicon-electronics fabrication technologies. In molecular electronics, SAMs of functional molecules tethered to gold via sulfur linkages dominate, but these devices are not robust in design and not amenable to scalable manufacture. Whereas covalent bonding to silicon has long been recognized as an attractive alternative, only formation processes involving high temperature and/or pressure, strong chemicals, or irradiation are known. To make molecular devices on silicon under mild conditions with properties reminiscent of Au–S ones, we exploit the susceptibility of thiols to oxidation by dissolved O2, initiating free-radical polymerization mechanisms without causing oxidative damage to the surface. Without thiols present, dissolved O2 would normally oxidize the silicon and hence reaction conditions such as these have been strenuously avoided in the past. The surface coverage on Si(111)–H is measured to be very high, 75% of a full monolayer, with density-functional theory calculations used to profile spontaneous reaction mechanisms. The impact of the Si–S chemistry in single-molecule electronics is demonstrated using STM-junction approaches by forming Si–hexanedithiol–Si junctions. Si–S contacts result in single-molecule wires that are mechanically stable, with an average lifetime at room temperature of 2.7 s, which is five folds higher than that reported for conventional molecular junctions formed between gold electrodes. The enhanced “ON” lifetime of this single-molecule circuit enables previously inaccessible electrical measurements on single molecules. Spontaneously formed Si–S bonds enable monolayer and single-molecule Si–molecule–Si circuits.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramalika R Peiris
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Essam M Dief
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Peter J Canfield
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, School of Physics, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) Lucas Heights NSW 2234 Australia
| | - Daniel S Kosov
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, School of Physics, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China.,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
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11
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Love D, Fairbanks B, Bowman C. Reaction Environment Effect on the Kinetics of Radical Thiol-Ene Polymerizations in the Presence of Amines and Thiolate Anions. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:174-179. [PMID: 35638679 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of facile implementation, quantitative conversions, and an insensitivity to oxygen, water, and most organic functional groups, radical-mediated thiol-ene coupling (TEC) reactions have emerged as a valuable tool in macromolecule synthesis. It was recently demonstrated that the kinetics and conversions of thiyl radical-mediated reactions are adversely affected in the presence of basic amines by the formation of retardive thiolate anions. Herein, the performance of TEC polymerizations is evaluated under a variety of reaction environments with the intention to aid in the optimal formulation design of TEC reactions in the presence of amines. Results from both bulk and aqueous-phase network photopolymerizations established that sensitivity to amine basicity and pH is dependent on the thiol acidity, although norbornene-type alkenes exhibit a unique ability to achieve high conversions, where allyl ethers, vinyl ether, and vinyl siloxanes are highly inhibited. Additionally, the protic solvents such as alcohols and acetic acid are established as ideal solvents or additives to suppress or eliminate amine-induced retardation.
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12
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van den Boom AFJ, Pujari SP, Bannani F, Driss H, Zuilhof H. Fast room-temperature functionalization of silicon nanoparticles using alkyl silanols. Faraday Discuss 2020; 222:82-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a fast, easy and efficient method for the functionalization of hydrogen-terminated silicon nanoparticles (H-Si NPs). Using silanol compounds, a range of functionalized Si NPs could be produced in only 1 h reaction time at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Fatma Bannani
- Department of Chemistry
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafedh Driss
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
- Chemical and Materials Engineering
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13
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Robidillo CJT, Aghajamali M, Faramus A, Sinelnikov R, Veinot JGC. Interfacing enzymes with silicon nanocrystals through the thiol-ene reaction. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18706-18719. [PMID: 30270384 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05368e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the preparation of functional bioinorganic hybrids, through application of the thiol-ene reaction, that exhibit catalytic activity and photoluminescent properties from enzymes and freestanding silicon nanocrystals. Thermal hydrosilylation of 1,7-octadiene and alkene-terminated poly(ethylene oxide)methyl ether with hydride-terminated silicon nanocrystals afforded nanocrystals functionalized with alkene residues and poly(ethylene oxide) moieties. These silicon nanocrystals were conjugated with representative enzymes through the photochemical thiol-ene reaction to afford bioinorganic hybrids that are dispersible and photostable in buffer, and that exhibit photoluminescence (λmax = 630 nm) and catalytic activity. They were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), absorption spectroscopy, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, and pertinent enzyme activity assays. The general derivatization approach presented for interfacing enzymes with biocompatible silicon nanocrystals has far reaching implications for many applications ranging from sensors to therapeutic agents. The bioinorganic hybrids presented herein have potential applications in the chemical detection of nitrophenyl esters and urea. They can also be employed in enzyme-based theranostics as they combine long-lived silicon nanocrystal photoluminescence with substrate-specific enzymatic activity.
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14
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Robidillo CJT, Islam MA, Aghajamali M, Faramus A, Sinelnikov R, Zhang X, Boekhoven J, Veinot JGC. Functional Bioinorganic Hybrids from Enzymes and Luminescent Silicon-Based Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6556-6569. [PMID: 29758156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the preparation of functional bioinorganic hybrid materials exhibiting catalytic activity and photoluminescent properties arising from the combination of enzymes and freestanding silicon-based nanoparticles. The hybrid materials reported herein have potential applications in biological sensing/imaging and theranostics, as they combine long-lived silicon-based nanoparticle photoluminescence with substrate-specific enzymatic activity. Thermal hydrosilylation of undecenoic acid and alkene-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) with hydride-terminated silicon nanocrystals afforded nanoparticles functionalized with a mixed surface made up of carboxylic acid and poly(ethylene oxide) moieties. These silicon-based nanoparticles were subsequently conjugated with prototypical enzymes through the carbodiimide-mediated amide coupling reaction in order to form bioinorganic hybrids that display solubility and photostability in phosphate buffer, photoluminescence (λmax = 630 nm), and enzymatic activity. They were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), photoluminescence spectroscopy, and pertinent enzyme activity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jay T Robidillo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics , University of the Philippines Manila , P. Faura Street , Ermita, Manila 1000 , Philippines
| | - Muhammad Amirul Islam
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Maryam Aghajamali
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Angelique Faramus
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Regina Sinelnikov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 2a , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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15
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Highly Ammonia Sensing Using Direct In Situ Electro-Deposited Polypyrrole-Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Film on ITO Coated Flexible Substrates. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Platnich CM, Banerjee A, Ozhukil Kollath V, Karan K, Trudel S. Thiol-ene click microcontact printing of gold nanoparticles onto silicon surfaces. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel process to selectively pattern nanomaterials, specifically gold nanoparticles, onto a silicon surface through “click” chemistry, to consistently and efficiently join together small units through a quick and simple reaction. We employed the UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction, which is used in tandem with microcontact printing. Dithiol-capped nanoparticles were used as a printing ink and were grafted onto ene-terminated Si(100) wafers by pressing a nanoparticle-impregnated poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp, while irradiating with ultraviolet light to activate a radical initiator. The resulting structures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M. Platnich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Abhinandan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vinayaraj Ozhukil Kollath
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kunal Karan
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Simon Trudel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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17
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Pujari S, Filippov AD, Gangarapu S, Zuilhof H. High-Density Modification of H-Terminated Si(111) Surfaces Using Short-Chain Alkynes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14599-14607. [PMID: 29240433 PMCID: PMC6150740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
H-Si(111)-terminated surfaces were alkenylated via two routes: through a novel one-step gas-phase hydrosilylation reaction with short alkynes (C3 to C6) and for comparison via a two-step chlorination and Grignard alkenylation process. All modified surfaces were characterized by static water contact angles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Propenyl- and butenyl-coated Si(111) surfaces display a significantly higher packing density than conventional C10-C18 alkyne-derived monolayers, showing the potential of this approach. In addition, propyne chemisorption proceeds via either of two approaches: the standard hydrosilylation at the terminal carbon (lin) at temperatures above 90 °C and an unprecedented reaction at the second carbon (iso) at temperatures below 90 °C. Molecular modeling revealed that the packing energy of a monolayer bonded at the second carbon is significantly more favorable, which drives iso-attachment, with a dense packing of surface-bound iso-propenyl chains at 40% surface coverage, in line with the experiments at <90 °C. The highest density monolayers are obtained at 130 °C and show a linear attachment of 1-propenyl chains with 92% surface coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam
P. Pujari
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexei D. Filippov
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Satesh Gangarapu
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, People’s
Republic of China
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Sen R, Escorihuela J, van Delft F, Zuilhof H. Rapid and Complete Surface Modification with Strain-Promoted Oxidation-Controlled Cyclooctyne-1,2-Quinone Cycloaddition (SPOCQ). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3299-3303. [PMID: 28198134 PMCID: PMC5363232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Strain-promoted oxidation-controlled cyclooctyne-1,2-quinone cycloaddition (SPOCQ) between functionalized bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) and surface-bound quinones revealed an unprecedented 100 % conjugation efficiency. In addition, monitoring by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) revealed the underlying kinetics and activation parameters of this immobilization process in dependence on its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickdeb Sen
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Floris van Delft
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
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19
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Rapid and Complete Surface Modification with Strain-Promoted Oxidation-Controlled Cyclooctyne-1,2-Quinone Cycloaddition (SPOCQ). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Chatzipetrou M, Massaouti M, Tsekenis G, Trilling AK, van Andel E, Scheres L, Smulders MMJ, Zuilhof H, Zergioti I. Direct Creation of Biopatterns via a Combination of Laser-Based Techniques and Click Chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:848-853. [PMID: 28040898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the immobilization of thiol-modified aptamers on alkyne- or alkene-terminated silicon nitride surfaces by laser-induced click chemistry reactions. The aptamers are printed onto the surface by laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT), which also induces the covalent bonding of the aptamers by thiol-ene or thiol-yne reactions that occur upon UV irradiation of the thiol-modified aptamers with ns laser pulses. This combination of LIFT and laser-induced click chemistry allows the creation of high-resolution patterns without the need for masks. Whereas the click chemistry already takes place during the printing process (single-step process) by the laser pulse used for the printing process, further irradiation of the LIFT-printed aptamers by laser pulses (two-step process) leads to a further increase in the immobilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianneza Chatzipetrou
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens , Iroon Polytehneiou 9, Zografou, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Maria Massaouti
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens , Iroon Polytehneiou 9, Zografou, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - George Tsekenis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Anke K Trilling
- Surfix B.V. , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van Andel
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Scheres
- Surfix B.V. , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M J Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioanna Zergioti
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens , Iroon Polytehneiou 9, Zografou, Athens 15780, Greece
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21
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Bañuls MJ, Jiménez-Meneses P, Meyer A, Vasseur JJ, Morvan F, Escorihuela J, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Improved Performance of DNA Microarray Multiplex Hybridization Using Probes Anchored at Several Points by Thiol-Ene or Thiol-Yne Coupling Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:496-506. [PMID: 28042940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid microarray-based assay technology has shown lacks in reproducibility, reliability, and analytical sensitivity. Here, a new strategy of probe attachment modes for silicon-based materials is built up. Thus, hybridization ability is enhanced by combining thiol-ene or thiol-yne click chemistry reactions with a multipoint attachment of polythiolated probes. The viability and performance of this approach was demonstrated by specifically determining Salmonella PCR products up to a 20 pM sensitivity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Jose Bañuls
- Interuniversitary Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Chemistry Department, Universitat Politècnica de València , Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Jiménez-Meneses
- Interuniversitary Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Chemistry Department, Universitat Politècnica de València , Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Albert Meyer
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier , ENSCM, place Eugène Bataillon, CC1704, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier , ENSCM, place Eugène Bataillon, CC1704, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - François Morvan
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier , ENSCM, place Eugène Bataillon, CC1704, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Interuniversitary Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Chemistry Department, Universitat Politècnica de València , Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Puchades
- Interuniversitary Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Chemistry Department, Universitat Politècnica de València , Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Interuniversitary Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Chemistry Department, Universitat Politècnica de València , Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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22
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Llevot A, Steinmüller SO, Bitterer B, Ridder B, Berson J, Walheim S, Schimmel T, Bräse S, Scheiba F, Meier MAR. Sequence-controlled molecular layers on surfaces by thiol–ene chemistry: synthesis and multitechnique characterization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silicon surfaces were functionalized by thiol–ene chemistry using sequential reactions of different α,ω-dienes and α,ω-dithiols bearing marker moieties.
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23
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McKenas CG, Fehr JM, Donley CL, Lockett MR. Thiol-Ene Modified Amorphous Carbon Substrates: Surface Patterning and Chemically Modified Electrode Preparation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10529-10536. [PMID: 27657877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous carbon (aC) films are chemically stable under ambient conditions or when interfaced with aqueous solutions, making them a promising material for preparing biosensors and chemically modified electrodes. There are a number of wet chemical methods capable of tailoring the reactivity and wettability of aC films, but few of these chemistries are compatible with photopatterning. Here, we introduce a method to install thiol groups directly onto the surface of aC films. These terminal thiols are compatible with thiol-ene click reactions, which allowed us to rapidly functionalize and pattern the surface of the aC films. We thoroughly characterized the aC films and confirmed the installation of surface-bound thiols does not significantly oxidize the surface or change its topography. We also determined the conditions needed to selectively attach alkene-containing molecules to these films and show the reaction is proceeding through a thiol-mediated reaction. Lastly, we demonstrate the utility of our approach by photopatterning the aC films and preparing ferrocene-modified aC electrodes. The chemistry described here provides a rapid means of fabricating sensors and preparing photoaddressable arrays of (bio)molecules on stable carbon interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G McKenas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Julia M Fehr
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Chapel Hill Analytical and Nanofabrication Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapman Hall, 205 South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3216, United States
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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24
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Bhartia B, Puniredd SR, Jayaraman S, Gandhimathi C, Sharma M, Kuo YC, Chen CH, Reddy VJ, Troadec C, Srinivasan MP. Highly Stable Bonding of Thiol Monolayers to Hydrogen-Terminated Si via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Toward a Super Hydrophobic and Bioresistant Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24933-24945. [PMID: 27540859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxide-free silicon chemistry has been widely studied using wet-chemistry methods, but for emerging applications such as molecular electronics on silicon, nanowire-based sensors, and biochips, these methods may not be suitable as they can give rise to defects due to surface contamination, residual solvents, which in turn can affect the grafted monolayer devices for practical applications. Therefore, there is a need for a cleaner, reproducible, scalable, and environmentally benign monolayer grafting process. In this work, monolayers of alkylthiols were deposited on oxide-free semiconductor surfaces using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) as a carrier fluid owing to its favorable physical properties. The identity of grafted monolayers was monitored with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HRXPS), XPS, atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, and ellipsometry. Monolayers on oxide-free silicon were able to passivate the surface for more than 50 days (10 times than the conventional methods) without any oxide formation in ambient atmosphere. Application of the SCCO2 process was further extended by depositing alkylthiol monolayers on fragile and brittle 1D silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and 2D germanium substrates. With the recent interest in SiNWs for biological applications, the thiol-passivated oxide-free silicon nanowire surfaces were also studied for their biological response. Alkylthiol-functionalized SiNWs showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation owing to their superhydrophobicity combined with the rough surface morphology. Furthermore, tribological studies showed a sharp decrease in the coefficient of friction, which was found to be dependent on the alkyl chain length and surface bond. These studies can be used for the development of cost-effective and highly stable monolayers for practical applications such as solar cells, biosensors, molecular electronics, micro- and nano- electromechanical systems, antifouling agents, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Bhartia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-32, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Sreenivasa Reddy Puniredd
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-32, Singapore 138634
| | - Sundaramurthy Jayaraman
- Environmental and Water Technology Centre of Innovation, Ngee Ann Polytechnic , 535 Clementi Road, Singapore 599489
| | - Chinnasamy Gandhimathi
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-32, Singapore 138634
| | - Yen-Chien Kuo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Venugopal Jayarama Reddy
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
| | - Cedric Troadec
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-32, Singapore 138634
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25
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Quast AD, Bornstein M, Greydanus BJ, Zharov I, Shumaker-Parry JS. Robust Polymer-Coated Diamond Supports for Noble-Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D. Quast
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Megan Bornstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Greydanus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ilya Zharov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Shumaker-Parry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Room 2020, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
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26
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27
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Makarona E, Petrou P, Kakabakos S, Misiakos K, Raptis I. Point-of-Need bioanalytics based on planar optical interferometry. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:209-33. [PMID: 26876018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review brings about a comprehensive presentation of the research on interferometric transducers, which have emerged as extremely promising candidates for viable, truly-marketable solutions for PoN applications due to the attested performance that has reached down to 10(-8) in term of effective refractive index changes. The review explores the operation of the various interferometric architectures along with their design, fabrication, and analytical performance aspects. The issues of biosensor functionalization and immobilization of receptors are also addressed. As a conclusion, the comparison among them is attempted in order to delve into and acknowledge their current limitations, and define the future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Makarona
- Optical Biosensors Lab, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - P Petrou
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - S Kakabakos
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - K Misiakos
- Optical Biosensors Lab, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - I Raptis
- Optical Biosensors Lab, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
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28
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Piotrowski P, Pawłowska J, Bilewicz R, Kaim A. Selective and reversible self-assembly of C 60fullerene on a 9,10-bis(S-acetylthiomethyl)anthracene modified gold surface. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04806d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesized di-S-acetyl anthracene derivative deposited on gold surface allows for selective multi-cycle capture of C60fullerene by reversible forming well-ordered monolayers of C60fullerene–anthracene adduct according to Diels–Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Piotrowski
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - J. Pawłowska
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - R. Bilewicz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - A. Kaim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
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29
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Bordoni AV, Lombardo MV, Wolosiuk A. Photochemical radical thiol–ene click-based methodologies for silica and transition metal oxides materials chemical modification: a mini-review. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10388j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemical radical thiol–ene addition reaction (PRTEA) is a highly powerful synthetic technique for surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V. Bordoni
- Gerencia Química – Centro Atómico Constituyentes
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
- CONICET
- B1650KNA San Martín
- Argentina
| | - M. Verónica Lombardo
- Gerencia Química – Centro Atómico Constituyentes
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
- CONICET
- B1650KNA San Martín
- Argentina
| | - Alejandro Wolosiuk
- Gerencia Química – Centro Atómico Constituyentes
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
- CONICET
- B1650KNA San Martín
- Argentina
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30
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Wang J, Wu F, Watkinson M, Zhu J, Krause S. "Click" Patterning of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surfaces and Their Characterization Using Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9646-9654. [PMID: 26274063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two potential strategies for chemically patterning alkyne-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on oxide-free silicon or silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrates were investigated and compared. The patterned surfaces were validated using a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) for the first time. The first strategy involved an integration of photolithography with "click" chemistry. Detailed surface characterization (i.e. water contact angle, ellipsometry, AFM, and XPS) and LAPS measurements showed that photoresist processing not only decreases the coverage of organic monolayers but also introduces chemically bonded contaminants on the surfaces, thus significantly reducing the quality of the SAMs and the utility of "click" surface modification. The formation of chemical contaminants in photolithography was also observed on carboxylic acid- and alkyl-terminated monolayers using LAPS. In contrast, a second approach combined microcontact printing (μCP) with "click" chemistry; that is azide (azido-oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-NH2) inks were printed on alkyne-terminated SAMs on silicon or SOS through PDMS stamps. The surface characterization results for the sample printed with a flat featureless PDMS stamp demonstrated a nondestructive and efficient method of μCP to perform "click" reactions on alkyne-terminated, oxide-free silicon surfaces for the first time. For the sample printed with a featured PDMS stamp, LAPS imaging showed a good agreement with the pattern of the PDMS stamp, indicating the successful chemical patterning on non-oxidized silicon and SOS substrates and the capability of LAPS to image the molecular patterns with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and ‡School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and ‡School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Michael Watkinson
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and ‡School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and ‡School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and ‡School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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31
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Xin Y, Sakamoto J, van der Vlies AJ, Hasegawa U, Uyama H. Phase separation approach to a reactive polycarbonate monolith for “click” modifications. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Wei B, Ouyang L, Liu J, Martin DC. Post-polymerization functionalization of poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) via thiol–ene “click” chemistry. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5028-5034. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb02033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-polymerization functionalization using thiol–ene “click” chemistry provides an effective, convenient means to modify the surface properties of conjugated polymers such as poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Materials Science and Engineering
- the University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Liangqi Ouyang
- Materials Science and Engineering
- the University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Jinglin Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering
- the University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - David C. Martin
- Materials Science and Engineering
- the University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
- Biomedical Engineering
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33
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van den Berg SA, Alonso JM, Wadhwa K, Franssen MCR, Wennekes T, Zuilhof H. Microwave-assisted formation of organic monolayers from 1-alkenes on silicon carbide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10562-10565. [PMID: 25111008 DOI: 10.1021/la502197q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The rate of formation of covalently linked organic monolayers on HF-etched silicon carbide (SiC) is greatly increased by microwave irradiation. Upon microwave treatment for 60 min at 100 °C (60 W), 1-alkenes yield densely packed, covalently attached monolayers on flat SiC surfaces, a process that typically takes 16 h at 130 °C under thermal conditions. This approach was extended to SiC microparticles. The monolayers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and static water contact angle measurements. The microwave-assisted reaction is compatible with terminal functionalities such as alkenes that enable subsequent versatile "click" chemistry reactions, further broadening the range and applicability of chemically modified SiC surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan A van den Berg
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Zhang S, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y. Boronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles via thiol–ene click chemistry for selective enrichment of glycoproteins. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00424h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Escorihuela J, Bañuls MJ, Grijalvo S, Eritja R, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Direct Covalent Attachment of DNA Microarrays by Rapid Thiol–Ene “Click” Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:618-27. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Centro
de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino
de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María-José Bañuls
- Centro
de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino
de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Biomedicine (CIBER-BBN) and Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology Department, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Biomedicine (CIBER-BBN) and Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology Department, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Puchades
- Centro
de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino
de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Centro
de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino
de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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36
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Escorihuela J, Bañuls MJ, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Site-specific immobilization of DNA on silicon surfaces by using the thiol–yne reaction. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8510-8517. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Covalent immobilization of ssDNA fragments onto silicon-based materials was performed using the thiol–yne reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Centro de Reconocimiento Moleculary Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Departamento de Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María-José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Moleculary Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Departamento de Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Puchades
- Centro de Reconocimiento Moleculary Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Departamento de Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Centro de Reconocimiento Moleculary Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Departamento de Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
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37
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Lowe AB. Thiol–ene “click” reactions and recent applications in polymer and materials synthesis: a first update. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This contribution serves as an update to a previous review (Polym. Chem.2010,1, 17–36) and highlights recent applications of thiol–ene ‘click’ chemistry as an efficient tool for both polymer/materials synthesis as well as modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Lowe
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington Sydney, Australia
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38
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Collins G, O'Dwyer C, Morris M, Holmes JD. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions for the functionalization of Si surfaces: superior stability of alkenyl monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11950-11958. [PMID: 23968278 DOI: 10.1021/la402480f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira coupling reactions were studied as reaction protocols for organic modification of Si surfaces. These synthetically useful protocols allow for surface modification of alkene, alkyne, and halide terminated surfaces. Surface oxidation and metal contamination were assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nature of the primary passivation layer was an important factor in the oxidation resistance of the Si surface during the secondary functionalization. Specifically, the use of alkynes as the primary functionalization layer gave superior stability compared to alkene analogues. The ability to utilize Pd-catalyzed coupling chemistries on Si surfaces opens great versatility for potential molecular and nanoscale electronics and sensing/biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Collins
- Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
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39
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Kaminska I, Qi W, Barras A, Sobczak J, Niedziolka-Jonsson J, Woisel P, Lyskawa J, Laure W, Opallo M, Li M, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Thiol-Yne Click Reactions on Alkynyl-Dopamine-Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide. Chemistry 2013; 19:8673-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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40
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41
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Bhairamadgi NS, Gangarapu S, Caipa Campos MA, Paulusse JMJ, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Efficient functionalization of oxide-free silicon(111) surfaces: thiol-yne versus thiol-ene click chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4535-42. [PMID: 23528051 DOI: 10.1021/la400007y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-yne click (TYC) chemistry was utilized as a copper-free click reaction for the modification of alkyne-terminated monolayers on oxide-free Si(111) surfaces, and the results were compared with the analogous thiol-ene click (TEC) chemistry. A wide range of thiols such as 9-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl cysteine, thio-β-d-glucose tetraacetate, thioacetic acid, thioglycerol, thioglycolic acid, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol was immobilized using TYC under photochemical conditions, and all modified surfaces were characterized by static water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (including a simulation thereof by density functional calculations), and infrared absorption reflection spectroscopy. Surface-bound TYC proceeds with an efficiency of up to 1.5 thiols per alkyne group. This high surface coverage proceeds without oxidizing the Si surface. TYC yielded consistently higher surface coverages than TEC, due to double addition of thiols to alkyne-terminated monolayers. This also allows for the sequential and highly efficient attachment of two different thiols onto an alkyne-terminated monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra S Bhairamadgi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research Center, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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42
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Oie H, Sudo A, Endo T. Synthesis of networked polymers by crosslinking reactions of polybenzoxazine bearing allyl group in the side chain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Bañuls MJ, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Chemical surface modifications for the development of silicon-based label-free integrated optical (IO) biosensors: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 777:1-16. [PMID: 23622959 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest has been paid to label-free biosensors in recent years. Among them, refractive index (RI) optical biosensors enable high density and the chip-scale integration of optical components. This makes them more appealing to help develop lab-on-a-chip devices. Today, many RI integrated optical (IO) devices are made using silicon-based materials. A key issue in their development is the biofunctionalization of sensing surfaces because they provide a specific, sensitive response to the analyte of interest. This review critically discusses the biofunctionalization procedures, assay formats and characterization techniques employed in setting up IO biosensors. In addition, it provides the most relevant results obtained from using these devices for real sample biosensing. Finally, an overview of the most promising future developments in the fields of chemical surface modification and capture agent attachment for IO biosensors follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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44
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Yang WJ, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Lay-Ming Teo S, Rittschof D. Stainless steel surfaces with thiol-terminated hyperbranched polymers for functionalization via thiol-based chemistry. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Mao X, Li H. Chiral imaging in living cells with functionalized graphene oxide. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4267-4272. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20729c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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46
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Escorihuela J, Bañuls MJ, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Development of Oligonucleotide Microarrays onto Si-Based Surfaces via Thioether Linkage Mediated by UV Irradiation. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2121-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Centro de Reconocimiento
Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico,
Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia,
Spain
| | - María-José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento
Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico,
Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia,
Spain
| | - Rosa Puchades
- Centro de Reconocimiento
Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico,
Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia,
Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Centro de Reconocimiento
Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico,
Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia,
Spain
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47
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Ohsawa S, Morino K, Sudo A, Endo T. Synthesis of bicyclic bis(
γ
‐butyrolactone) derivatives bearing sulfide moieties and their alternating copolymers with epoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sousuke Ohsawa
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, 11‐6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820‐8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Morino
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, 11‐6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820‐8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sudo
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, 11‐6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820‐8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kinki University, 11‐6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820‐8555, Japan
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48
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Manova RK, Pujari SP, Weijers CAGM, Zuilhof H, van Beek TA. Copper-free click biofunctionalization of silicon nitride surfaces via strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:8651-63. [PMID: 22642374 DOI: 10.1021/la300921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cu-free "click" chemistry is explored on silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) surfaces as an effective way for oriented immobilization of biomolecules. An ω-unsaturated ester was grafted onto Si(3)N(4) using UV irradiation. Hydrolysis followed by carbodiimide-mediated activation yielded surface-bound active succinimidyl and pentafluorophenyl ester groups. These reactive surfaces were employed for the attachment of bicyclononyne with an amine spacer, which subsequently enabled room temperature strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). This stepwise approach was characterized by means of static water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The surface-bound SPAAC reaction was studied with both a fluorine-tagged azide and an azide-linked lactose, yielding hydrophobic and bioactive surfaces for which the presence of trace amounts of Cu ions would have been problematic. Additionally, patterning of the Si(3)N(4) surface using this metal-free click reaction with a fluorescent azide is shown. These results demonstrate the ability of the SPAAC as a generic tool for anchoring complex molecules onto a surface under extremely mild, namely ambient and metal-free, conditions in a clean and relatively fast manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radostina K Manova
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Rijksen B, Pujari SP, Scheres L, van Rijn CJM, Baio JE, Weidner T, Zuilhof H. Hexadecadienyl monolayers on hydrogen-terminated Si(111): faster monolayer formation and improved surface coverage using the enyne moiety. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:6577-6588. [PMID: 22448743 DOI: 10.1021/la204770r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To further improve the coverage of organic monolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon (H-Si) surfaces with respect to the hitherto best agents (1-alkynes), it was hypothesized that enynes (H-C≡C-HC═CH-R) would be even better reagents for dense monolayer formation. To investigate whether the increased delocalization of β-carbon radicals by the enyne functionality indeed lowers the activation barrier, the kinetics of monolayer formation by hexadec-3-en-1-yne and 1-hexadecyne on H-Si(111) were followed by studying partially incomplete monolayers. Ellipsometry and static contact angle measurements indeed showed a faster increase of layer thickness and hydrophobicity for the hexadec-3-en-1-yne-derived monolayers. This more rapid monolayer formation was supported by IRRAS and XPS measurements that for the enyne show a faster increase of the CH2 stretching bands and the amount of carbon at the surface (C/Si ratio), respectively. Monolayer formation at room temperature yielded plateau values for hexadec-3-en-1-yne and 1-hexadecyne after 8 and 16 h, respectively. Additional experiments were performed for 16 h at 80° to ensure full completion of the layers, which allows comparison of the quality of both layers. Ellipsometry thicknesses (2.0 nm) and contact angles (111-112°) indicated a high quality of both layers. XPS, in combination with DFT calculations, revealed terminal attachment of hexadec-3-en-1-yne to the H-Si surface, leading to dienyl monolayers. Moreover, analysis of the Si2p region showed no surface oxidation. Quantitative XPS measurements, obtained via rotating Si samples, showed a higher surface coverage for C16 dienyl layers than for C16 alkenyl layers (63% vs 59%). The dense packing of the layers was confirmed by IRRAS and NEXAFS results. Molecular mechanics simulations were undertaken to understand the differences in reactivity and surface coverage. Alkenyl layers show more favorable packing energies for surface coverages up to 50-55%. At higher coverages, this packing energy rises quickly, and there the dienyl packing becomes more favorable. When the binding energies are included the difference becomes more pronounced, and dense packing of dienyl layers becomes more favorable by 2-3 kcal/mol. These combined data show that enynes provide the highest-quality organic monolayers reported on H-Si up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Rijksen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Wendeln C, Ravoo BJ. Surface patterning by microcontact chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5527-38. [PMID: 22263907 DOI: 10.1021/la204721x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this Feature Article we describe recent progress in covalent surface patterning by microcontact chemistry. Microcontact chemistry is a variation of microcontact printing based on the transfer of reactive "ink" molecules from a microstructured, elastomeric stamp onto surfaces modified with complementary reactive groups, leading to a chemical reaction in the area of contact. In comparison with other lithographic methods, microcontact chemistry has a number of advantageous properties including very short patterning times, low consumption of ink molecules, high resolution and large area patterning. During the past 5 years we and many others have investigated a set of different reactions that allow the modification of flat and also spherical surfaces in an effective way. Especially click-type reactions were found to be versatile for substrate patterning by microcontact chemistry and were applied for chemical modification of reactive self-assembled monolayers and polymer surfaces. Microcontact chemistry has already found broad application for the production of functional surfaces and was also used for the preparation of DNA, RNA, and carbohydrate microarrays, for the immobilization of proteins and cells and for the development of sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wendeln
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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