1
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Dong K, Wu T, Wang M, Lin L. Spirobipyridine Ligand Enabled Iridium-Catalyzed Site-Selective C-H Activation via Non-Covalent Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202411158. [PMID: 39008194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The selective borylation of specific C-H bonds in organic synthesis remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present a novel spirobipyridine ligand that features a binaphthyl backbone. This ligand facilitates the iridium-catalyzed selective C-H borylation of benzene derivatives. The ligand is designed with "side-arm-wall" substituents that allow vicinal di- or multi-substituted benzene derivatives to approach metal center and effectively block other reactive sites by non-covalent interactions with substrates. The effectiveness of this strategy is demonstrated by the successful selective distal C-H activation of various alkaloids and its broad compatibility with functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dong
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Tianbao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Luqing Lin
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
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2
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Trouvé J, Delahaye V, Tomasini M, Rajeshwaran P, Roisnel T, Poater A, Gramage-Doria R. Repurposing a supramolecular iridium catalyst via secondary Zn⋯O[double bond, length as m-dash]C weak interactions between the ligand and substrate leads to ortho-selective C(sp 2)-H borylation of benzamides with unusual kinetics. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11794-11806. [PMID: 39092112 PMCID: PMC11290415 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation of benzamides typically leads to meta and para selectivities using state-of-the-art iridium-based N,N-chelating bipyridine ligands. However, reaching ortho selectivity patterns requires extensive trial-and-error screening via molecular design at the ligand first coordination sphere. Herein, we demonstrate that triazolylpyridines are excellent ligands for the selective iridium-catalyzed ortho C-H borylation of tertiary benzamides and, importantly, we demonstrate the almost negligible effect of the first coordination sphere in the selectivity, which is so far unprecedented in iridium C-H bond borylations. Remarkably, the activity is dramatically enhanced by exploiting a remote Zn⋯O[double bond, length as m-dash]C weak interaction between the substrate and a rationally designed molecular-recognition site in the catalyst. Kinetic studies and DFT calculations indicate that the iridium-catalyzed C-H activation step is not rate-determining, this being unique for remotely controlled C-H functionalizations. Consequently, a previously established supramolecular iridium catalyst designed for meta-borylation of pyridines is now compatible with the ortho-borylation of benzamides, a regioselectivity switch that is counter-intuitive regarding precedents in the literature. In addition, we highlight the role of the cyclohexene additive in avoiding the formation of undesired side-products as well as accelerating the HBpin release event that precedes the catalyst regeneration step, which is highly relevant for the design of powerful and selective iridium borylating catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Tomasini
- Departament de Química, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | | | | | - Albert Poater
- Departament de Química, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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3
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Giovanardi G, Cattani S, Balestri D, Secchi A, Cera G. Iridium-Catalyzed C-H Borylations: Regioselective Functionalizations of Calix[4]arene Macrocycles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8486-8499. [PMID: 38816966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We report iridium-catalyzed C-H borylations for the regioselective synthesis of distally disubstituted calix[4]arene macrocycles. The atom- and step-economical method led to a broad family of calix[4]arenes in good yields and functional group tolerance. The synthetic utility of the C-H borylation protocol was finally illustrated with several late-stage modifications for the synthesis of elaborate calix[4]arenes frameworks, otherwise challenging to achieve with commonly employed procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giovanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Balestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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4
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Peruzzi C, Miller SL, Dannatt JE, Ghaffari B, Maleczka RE, Smith MR. A Hydrazone Ligand for Iridium-Catalyzed C-H Borylation: Enhanced Reactivity and Selectivity for Fluorinated Arenes. Organometallics 2024; 43:1208-1212. [PMID: 38873573 PMCID: PMC11167643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Ir-catalyzed C-H borylations of fluorinated and cyanated arenes with high meta-to-F/CN are described. Use of a dipyridyl hydrazone framework as the ancillary ligand and pinacolborane (HBpin) as the functionalizing reagent generates catalysts that are significantly more active and selective than 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dtbpy) for both electron-deficient and electron-rich substrates. Investigation of the ligand framework resulted in the observation of formal N-borylation of the hydrazone by HBpin, as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Subsequent stoichiometric reactions of this adduct with an iridium precatalyst revealed the formation of an unusual IrI hydrazido. Isolation and use of this hydrazido reproduce the selectivity of in situ generated catalysts, suggesting that it leads to formation of the active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
D. Peruzzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Susanne L. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Dannatt
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Dallas, 1845 East Northgate Drive, Irving, Texas 75062, United States
| | - Behnaz Ghaffari
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert E. Maleczka
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Milton R. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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5
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Zhao H, Zhao CY, Chen L, Xia C, Hong X, Xu S. Aryl Chloride-Directed Enantioselective C(sp 2)-H Borylation Enabled by Iridium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25214-25221. [PMID: 37934914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the iridium-catalyzed enantioselective C-H borylation of aryl chlorides. A variety of prochiral biaryl compounds could be well-tolerated, affording a vast array of axially chiral biaryls with high enantioselectivities. The current method exhibits a high turnover number (TON) of 7000, which represents the highest in functional-group-directed asymmetric C-H activation. The high TON was attributed to a weak catalyst-substrate interaction that was caused by mismatched chirality between catalyst and substrate. We also demonstrated the synthetic application of the current method by C-B, ortho-C-H, and C-Cl bond functionalization, including programmed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling for the synthesis of axially chiral polyarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao-Yue Zhao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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6
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Douthwaite JL, Phipps RJ. Extended sulfonated bipyridine ligands targeting the para-selective borylation of arenes. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Bastidas JRM, Chhabra A, Feng Y, Oleskey TJ, Smith MR, Maleczka RE. Steric Shielding Effects Induced by Intramolecular C-H⋯O Hydrogen Bonding: Remote Borylation Directed by Bpin Groups. ACS Catal 2022; 12:2694-2705. [PMID: 36685107 PMCID: PMC9854017 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Regioselectivities in catalytic C-H borylations (CHBs) have been rationalized using simplistic steric models and correlations with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts. However, regioselectivity can be significant for important substrate classes where none would be expected from these arguments. In this study, intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IMHB) can lead to steric shielding effects that can direct Ir-catalyzed CHB regiochemistry. Bpin (Bpin = pinacol boronic ester)/arene IMHB can promote remote borylations of N-borylated anilines, 2-amino-N-alkylpyridine, tetrahydroquinolines, indoles, and 1-borylated naphthalenes. Experimental and computational studies support molecular geometries with the Bpin orientation controlled by a C-H⋯O IMHB. IMHB-directed remote CHB appeared operative in the C6 borylation of 3-aminoindazole (seven-membered IMHB) and C6 borylation of an osimertinib analogue where a pyrimidine IMHB creates the steric shield. This study informs researchers to evaluate not only inter- but also intramolecular noncovalent interactions as potential drivers of remote CHB regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Montero Bastidas
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Arzoo Chhabra
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Yilong Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Thomas J Oleskey
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Milton R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert E Maleczka
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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8
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Unnikrishnan A, Sunoj RB. Iridium-Catalyzed Regioselective Borylation through C-H Activation and the Origin of Ligand-Dependent Regioselectivity Switching. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15618-15630. [PMID: 34598435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research efforts in catalytic regioselective borylation using C-H bond activation of arenes have gained considerable recent attention. The ligand-enabled regiocontrol, such as in the borylation of benzaldehyde, the selectivity could be switched from the ortho to meta position, under identical conditions, by just changing the external ligand (L) from 8-aminoquinoline (8-AQ) to tetramethylphenanthroline (TMP). The DFT(B3LYP-D3) computations helped us learn that the energetically preferred catalytic pathway includes the formation of an Ir-π-complex between the active catalyst [Ir(L)(Bpin)3] and benzaldimine, a C-H bond oxidative addition (OA) to form an Ir(V)aryl-hydride intermediate, and a reductive elimination to furnish the borylated benzaldehyde as the final product. The lowest energetic span (δEortho = 26 kcal/mol with 8-AQ) is noted in the ortho borylation pathway, with the OA transition state (TS) as the turnover-determining TS. The change in regiochemical preference to the meta borylation (δEmeta = 26) with TMP is identified. A hemilabile mode of 8-AQ participation is found to exhibit a δEortho of 24 kcal/mol for the ortho borylation, relative to that in the chelate mode (δEortho = 26 kcal/mol). The predicted regioselectivity switching is in good agreement with the earlier experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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9
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Song P, Hu L, Yu T, Jiao J, He Y, Xu L, Li P. Development of a Tunable Chiral Pyridine Ligand Unit for Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed C–H Borylation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Song
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yangqing He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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10
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Donnelly LJ, Faber T, Morrison CA, Nichol GS, Thomas SP, Love JB. C–H Borylation Catalysis of Heteroaromatics by a Rhenium Boryl Polyhydride. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam J. Donnelly
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Teresa Faber
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Carole A. Morrison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Jason B. Love
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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11
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Kuleshova O, Asako S, Ilies L. Ligand-Enabled, Iridium-Catalyzed ortho-Borylation of Fluoroarenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kuleshova
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sobi Asako
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Laurean Ilies
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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12
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Bhattacharjee A, Davies GHM, Saeednia B, Wisniewski SR, Molander GA. Selectivity in the Elaboration of Bicyclic Borazarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 363:2256-2273. [PMID: 34335130 PMCID: PMC8323665 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among aromatic compounds, borazarenes represent a significant class of isosteres in which carbon-carbon bonds have been replaced by B-N bonds. Described herein is a summary of the selective reactions that have been developed for known systems, as well as a summary of computationally-based predictions of selectivities that might be anticipated in reactions of yet unrealized substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Bhattacharjee
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Geraint H M Davies
- Small Molecule Drug Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Borna Saeednia
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Steven R Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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13
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Pabst TP, Chirik PJ. A Tutorial on Selectivity Determination in C(sp 2)-H Oxidative Addition of Arenes by Transition Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2021; 40:813-831. [PMID: 33867622 PMCID: PMC8045024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A Tutorial
on factors that determine the selectivity in C(sp2)–H
activation and functionalization reactions involving
two-electron oxidative addition processes with transition metals is
presented. The interplay of the thermodynamics of C(sp2)–H oxidative addition and kinetic influences upon regioselectivity
are presented alongside pedagogically valuable experimental and computational
results from the literature. Mechanisms and energetics of chelate-assisted
C(sp2)–H oxidative addition are examined, as are
concepts related to chemoselectivity in the oxidative addition of
C(sp2)–H or C(sp2)–X (X = F, Cl,
Br, I) bonds with aryl halide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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14
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Zhang M, Wu H, Yang J, Huang G. A Computational Mechanistic Analysis of Iridium-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Borylation Reveals a One-Stone–Two-Birds Strategy to Enhance Catalytic Activity. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Wright JS, Scott PJH, Steel PG. Iridium-Catalysed C-H Borylation of Heteroarenes: Balancing Steric and Electronic Regiocontrol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2796-2821. [PMID: 32202024 PMCID: PMC7894576 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The iridium-catalysed borylation of aromatic C-H bonds has become the preferred method for the synthesis of aromatic organoboron compounds. The reaction is highly efficient, tolerant of a broad range of substituents and can be applied to both carbocyclic and heterocyclic substrates. The regioselectivity of C-H activation is dominated by steric considerations and there have been considerable efforts to develop more selective processes for less constrained substrates. However, most of these have focused on benzenoid-type substrates and in contrast, heteroarenes remain much desired but more challenging substrates with the position and/or nature of the heteroatom(s) significantly affecting reactivity and regioselectivity. This review will survey the borylation of heteroarenes, focusing on the influence of steric and electronic effects on regiochemical outcome and, by linking to current mechanistic understandings, will provide insights to what is currently possible and where further developments are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Wright
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of DurhamScience Laboratories, South Road DurhamDurhamDH1 3LEUK
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of DurhamScience Laboratories, South Road DurhamDurhamDH1 3LEUK
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16
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Wright JS, Scott PJH, Steel PG. Iridium‐katalysierte C‐H‐Borylierung von Heteroarenen: Eine Balance zwischen sterischer and elektronischer Regiokontrolle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Wright
- Department of Chemistry University of Durham Science Laboratories, South Road Durham Durham DH1 3LE Großbritannien
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department of Chemistry University of Durham Science Laboratories, South Road Durham Durham DH1 3LE Großbritannien
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17
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Esteruelas MA, Martínez A, Oliván M, Oñate E. Direct C-H Borylation of Arenes Catalyzed by Saturated Hydride-Boryl-Iridium-POP Complexes: Kinetic Analysis of the Elemental Steps. Chemistry 2020; 26:12632-12644. [PMID: 32428335 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The saturated trihydride IrH3 {κ3 -P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2 )2 ]} (1; xant(PiPr2 )2 =9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)xanthene) activates the B-H bond of two molecules of pinacolborane (HBpin) to give H2 , the hydride-boryl derivatives IrH2 (Bpin){κ3 -P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2 )2 ]} (2) and IrH(Bpin)2 {κ3 -P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2 )2 ]} (3) in a sequential manner. Complex 3 activates a C-H bond of two molecules of benzene to form PhBpin and regenerates 2 and 1, also in a sequential manner. Thus, complexes 1, 2, and 3 define two cycles for the catalytic direct C-H borylation of arenes with HBpin, which have dihydride 2 as a common intermediate. C-H bond activation of the arenes is the rate-determining step of both cycles, as the C-H oxidative addition to 3 is faster than to 2. The results from a kinetic study of the reactions of 1 and 2 with HBpin support a cooperative function of the hydride ligands in the B-H bond activation. The addition of the boron atom of the borane to a hydride facilitates the coordination of the B-H bond through the formation of κ1 - and κ2 -dihydrideborate intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Woźniak Ł, Tan JF, Nguyen QH, Madron du Vigné A, Smal V, Cao YX, Cramer N. Catalytic Enantioselective Functionalizations of C–H Bonds by Chiral Iridium Complexes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10516-10543. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Woźniak
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jin-Fay Tan
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qui-Hien Nguyen
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Madron du Vigné
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vitalii Smal
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Xuan Cao
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Rauch F, Krebs J, Günther J, Friedrich A, Hähnel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Marder TB. Electronically Driven Regioselective Iridium-Catalyzed C-H Borylation of Donor-π-Acceptor Chromophores Containing Triarylboron Acceptors. Chemistry 2020; 26:10626-10633. [PMID: 32510684 PMCID: PMC7497074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We observed a surprisingly high electronically driven regioselectivity for the iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation of donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) systems with diphenylamino (1) or carbazolyl (2) moieties as the donor, bis(2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boryl (B(F Xyl)2 ) as the acceptor, and 1,4-phenylene as the π-bridge. Under our conditions, borylation was observed only at the sterically least encumbered para-positions of the acceptor group. As boronate esters are versatile building blocks for organic synthesis (C-C coupling, functional group transformations) the C-H borylation represents a simple potential method for post-functionalization by which electronic or other properties of D-π-A systems can be fine-tuned for specific applications. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the borylated (1-(Bpin)2 ) and unborylated (1) diphenylamino-substituted D-π-A systems were investigated. Interestingly, the borylated derivative exhibits coordination of THF to the boronate ester moieties, influencing the photophysical properties and exemplifying the non-innocence of boronate esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julian Günther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Hähnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute, for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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20
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Xu F, Duke OM, Rojas D, Eichelberger HM, Kim RS, Clark TB, Watson DA. Arylphosphonate-Directed Ortho C-H Borylation: Rapid Entry into Highly-Substituted Phosphoarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11988-11992. [PMID: 32594742 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonate-directed ortho C-H borylation of aromatic phosphonates is reported. Using simple starting materials and commercially accessible catalysts, this method provides steady access to o-phosphonate arylboronic esters bearing pendant functionality and flexible substitution patterns. These products serve as flexible precursors for a variety of highly substituted phosphoarenes, and in situ downstream functionalization of the products is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, California 92110, United States
| | - Olivia M Duke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Hanka M Eichelberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, California 92110, United States
| | - Raphael S Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Timothy B Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, California 92110, United States
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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21
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Chen L, Yang Y, Liu L, Gao Q, Xu S. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-C(sp3)–H Borylation of Azacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12062-12068. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Luo J, Zhang C, Su F, Zhang B, Jia F. Mechanism and Origins of Regio- and Mono/Di-Selectivity in Rh(III)-Catalyzed meta
-C-H Alkenylation with Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; North Sichuan Medical College; No. 55 Dongshun Road, Gaoping District Nanchong China
| | - Chenhua Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; North Sichuan Medical College; No. 55 Dongshun Road, Gaoping District Nanchong China
| | - Fengfa Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; North Sichuan Medical College; No. 55 Dongshun Road, Gaoping District Nanchong China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; North Sichuan Medical College; No. 55 Dongshun Road, Gaoping District Nanchong China
| | - Feiyun Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; North Sichuan Medical College; No. 55 Dongshun Road, Gaoping District Nanchong China
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23
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Syed ZH, Chen Z, Idrees KB, Goetjen TA, Wegener EC, Zhang X, Chapman KW, Kaphan DM, Delferro M, Farha OK. Mechanistic Insights into C–H Borylation of Arenes with Organoiridium Catalysts Embedded in a Microporous Metal–Organic Framework. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoha H. Syed
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhihengyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11764, United States
| | - Karam B. Idrees
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Timothy A. Goetjen
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Evan C. Wegener
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karena W. Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11764, United States
| | - David M. Kaphan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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24
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Miller SL, Chotana GA, Fritz JA, Chattopadhyay B, Maleczka RE, Smith MR. C-H Borylation Catalysts that Distinguish Between Similarly Sized Substituents Like Fluorine and Hydrogen. Org Lett 2019; 21:6388-6392. [PMID: 31393137 PMCID: PMC9864527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
By modifying ligand steric and electronic profiles it is possible to C-H borylate ortho or meta to substituents in aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds, where steric differences between accessible C-H sites are small. Dramatic effects on selectivities between reactions using B2pin2 or 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (HBpin) are described for the first time. Judicious ligand and borane combinations give highly regioselective C-H borylations on substrates where typical borylation protocols afford poor selectivities.
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25
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Kato T, Kuriyama S, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic C-H Borylation Using Iron Complexes Bearing 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisoindol-2-ide-Based PNP-Type Pincer Ligand. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2097-2101. [PMID: 30980480 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic C-H borylation has been reported using newly designed iron complexes bearing a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoindol-2-ide-based PNP pincer ligand. The reaction tolerated various five-membered heteroarenes, such as pyrrole derivatives, as well as six-membered aromatic compounds, such as toluene. Successful examples of the iron-catalyzed sp3 C-H borylation of anisole derivatives were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kato
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Frontier Research Center for Energy and Resources, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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26
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Unnikrishnan A, Sunoj RB. Insights into the role of noncovalent interactions in distal functionalization of the aryl C(sp 2)-H bond. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3826-3835. [PMID: 31015924 PMCID: PMC6457332 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Burgeoning interest in distal functionalization of aryl C-H bonds led to the development of iridium-catalyzed borylation reactions. The significance and inadequate mechanistic understanding of C(sp2)-H borylations motivated us to investigate the key catalytic steps and the origin of a directing-group-free regiocontrol in the reaction between aryl amides and B2pin2 (bis(pinacolato)diboron). An Ir(iii)(ubpy)tris(boryl) complex, generated from the pre-catalyst [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 by the action of a bipyridine-urea ligand (ubpy) and B2pin2, is considered as the most likely active catalyst. The meta C-H activation of N,N-dihexylbenzamide is energetically more favorable over the para isomer. The origin of this preference is traced to the presence of a concerted action of noncovalent interactions (NCIs), primarily between the catalyst and the substrate, in the regiocontrolling transition states (TSs). Molecular insights into such TSs revealed that the N-H···O interaction between the tethered urea moiety of the Ir-bound ubpy ligand of the catalyst and the amide carbonyl of the substrate is a critical interaction that helps orient the meta C-H bond nearer to iridium. Other NCIs such as C-H···π between the substrate and the catalyst, C-H···O involving the substrate C-H and the oxygen of the B2pin2 ligand and C-H···N between the substrate and the N atom of the Ir-bound ubpy confirm the significance of such interactions in providing the desirable differential energies between the competing TSs that form the basis of the extent of regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai , Mumbai 400076 , India .
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai , Mumbai 400076 , India .
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27
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Esteruelas MA, Fernández I, Martínez A, Oliván M, Oñate E, Vélez A. Iridium-Promoted B-B Bond Activation: Preparation and X-ray Diffraction Analysis of a mer-Tris(boryl) Complex. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4712-4717. [PMID: 30916951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The tris(boryl) complex Ir(Bcat)3{κ3-P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2)2]} [Bcat = catecholboryl; xant(PiPr2)2 = 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)xanthene] has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The boryl ligands are disposed in a mer arrangement. The Ir-B bonds situated mutually trans are ∼0.1 Å longer than that disposed cis to the other two. An energy decomposition analysis method coupled to natural orbitals for chemical valence has revealed that the level of π-back-donation from the metal to the p z atomic orbital of the boron atom decreases ∼43% in the longer bonds with respect to the shorter one, while the level of σ-bonding interaction diminishes by only ∼8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Andrea Vélez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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28
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Li H, Obligacion JV, Chirik PJ, Hall MB. Cobalt Pincer Complexes in Catalytic C-H Borylation: The Pincer Ligand Flips Rather Than Dearomatizes. ACS Catal 2018; 8:10606-10618. [PMID: 30719402 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism for the borylation of an aromatic substrate by a cobalt pincer complex was investigated by density functional theory calculations. Experimental observations identified trans-(iPrPNP)CoH2(BPin) as the resting state in the borylation of five-membered heteroarenes, and 4-BPin-(iPrPNP)Co(N2)BPin as the resting state in the catalytic borylation of arene substrates. The active species, 4-R-(iPrPNP)CoBPin (R=H, BPin), were generated by reductive elimination of H2 in the former, through Berry pseudorotation to the cis isomer, and N2 loss in the latter. The catalytic mechanism of the resulting Co(I) complex was computed to involve three main steps: C-H oxidative addition of the aromatic substrate (C6H6), reductive elimination of PhBPin, and regeneration of the active complex. The oxidative addition product formed through the most favorable pathway, where the breaking C-H bond of C6H6 is parallel to a line between the two phosphine atoms, leaves the complex with a distorted PNP ligand, which rearranges to a more stable complex via dissociation and re-association of HBPin. Alternative pathways, σ-bond metathesis and the oxidative addition in which the breaking C-H bond is parallel to the Co-B bond, are predicted to be unlikely for this Co(I) complex. The thermodynamically favorable formation of the product PhBPin via reductive elimination drives the reaction forward. The active species regenerates through the oxidative addition of B2Pin2 and reductive elimination of HBPin. In the overall reaction, the flipping (refolding) of the five-membered phosphine rings, which connects the species with two phosphine rings folded in the same direction and that with them folded in different directions, is found to play an important role in the catalytic process, as it relieves steric crowding within the PNP ligand and opens Co coordination space. Metal-ligand cooperation based on the ligand's aromatization/dearomatization, a common mechanism for heavy-metal pincer complexes, and the dissociation of one phosphine ligand, do not apply in this system. This study provides guidance for understanding important features of pincer ligands with first-transition-row metals that differ from those in heavier metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jennifer V. Obligacion
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Michael B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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29
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Ahn S, Sorsche D, Berritt S, Gau MR, Mindiola DJ, Baik MH. Rational Design of a Catalyst for the Selective Monoborylation of Methane. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seihwan Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dieter Sorsche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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30
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Jayasundara CRK, Sabasovs D, Staples RJ, Oppenheimer J, Smith MR, Maleczka RE. Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H Borylation of Alkyl Arenes and Heteroarenes Including the First Selective Borylations of Secondary Benzylic C–H Bonds. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chathurika R. K. Jayasundara
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Dmitrijs Sabasovs
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Richard J. Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jossian Oppenheimer
- The Dow Chemical Company, Process Chemistry & Development, Core R&D, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Milton R. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert E. Maleczka
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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31
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Kalepu J, Gandeepan P, Ackermann L, Pilarski LT. C4-H indole functionalisation: precedent and prospects. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4203-4216. [PMID: 29780550 PMCID: PMC5944383 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C4-decorated indoles feature in a plethora of bioactive and functional compounds of importance to natural product synthesis, material sciences, as well as crop protection and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, their syntheses largely involved harsh stoichiometric metalations and radical reactions. However, transition metal catalysed C-H activation has recently evolved into a powerful strategy for the late-stage diversification of indoles at the C4-H position. Modern photoredox, enzymatic and precious transition metal catalysis represent the key stimuli for developing challenging C-C and C-Het bond forming transformations under mild reaction conditions. Herein, we discuss the evolution and application of these methods for the step-economical transformations of otherwise inert C4-H bonds up to December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Kalepu
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576 , 75-123 Uppsala , Sweden . ; https://www.pilarskigroup.org/
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany .
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany .
| | - Lukasz T Pilarski
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576 , 75-123 Uppsala , Sweden . ; https://www.pilarskigroup.org/
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32
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Romanov-Michailidis F, Ravetz BD, Paley DW, Rovis T. Ir(III)-Catalyzed Carbocarbation of Alkynes through Undirected Double C-H Bond Activation of Anisoles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5370-5374. [PMID: 29641190 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel, electron-deficient cyclopentadienyl iridium(III) catalyst enables sequential cleavage of arene C(sp2)-H and methoxy C(sp3)-H bonds of anisoles, generating reactive metalacycles that insert difluoroalkynes to afford chromenes under mild reaction conditions. This transformation is an arylalkylation of an alkyne-a carbocarbation-via a nonchelate-assisted cleavage of two C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D Ravetz
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States.,Columbia Nano Initiative , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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33
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Tang S, Yang SW, Sun H, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhu Q. Pd-Catalyzed Divergent C(sp2)–H Activation/Cycloimidoylation of 2-Isocyano-2,3-diarylpropanoates. Org Lett 2018. [PMID: 29522342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Sheng-Wen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Huangpu Road West 601, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Huangpu Road West 601, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
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34
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Liu Y, Chen J, Zhan K, Shen Y, Gao H, Yao L. Mechanistic study of the ligand controlled regioselectivity in iridium catalyzed C–H borylation of aromatic imines. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35453-35460. [PMID: 35547887 PMCID: PMC9088018 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07886f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DFT calculation indicates that in iridium catalyzed C–H borylation of aromatics, the ortho selectivity is proposed to be attributed to the electron donating effect of AQ ligand, while the meta selectivity is due to steric hindrance of TMP ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jipei Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Kangsheng Zhan
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yiqiang Shen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital
- Guangzhou Medical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Lingmin Yao
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
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35
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Davis HJ, Genov GR, Phipps RJ. meta-Selective C-H Borylation of Benzylamine-, Phenethylamine-, and Phenylpropylamine-Derived Amides Enabled by a Single Anionic Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13351-13355. [PMID: 28877397 PMCID: PMC5656929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Selective functionalization at the meta position of arenes remains a significant challenge. In this work, we demonstrate that a single anionic bipyridine ligand bearing a remote sulfonate group enables selective iridium-catalyzed borylation of a range of common amine-containing aromatic molecules at the arene meta position. We propose that this selectivity is the result of a key hydrogen bonding interaction between the substrate and catalyst. The scope of this meta-selective borylation is demonstrated on amides derived from benzylamines, phenethylamines and phenylpropylamines; amine-containing building blocks of great utility in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J. Davis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Georgi R. Genov
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Robert J. Phipps
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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36
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Davis HJ, Genov GR, Phipps RJ. meta
-Selective C−H Borylation of Benzylamine-, Phenethylamine-, and Phenylpropylamine-Derived Amides Enabled by a Single Anionic Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Georgi R. Genov
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert J. Phipps
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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37
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Davies GHM, Jouffroy M, Sherafat F, Saeednia B, Howshall C, Molander GA. Regioselective Diversification of 2,1-Borazaronaphthalenes: Unlocking Isosteric Space via C-H Activation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8072-8084. [PMID: 28714683 PMCID: PMC5548096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Methods for the regioselective C–H
borylation and subsequent
cross-coupling of the 2,1-borazaronaphthalene core are reported. Azaborines
are dependent on B–N/C=C isosterism when employed in
strategies for developing diverse heterocyclic scaffolds. Although
2,1-borazaronaphthalene is closely related to naphthalene in terms
of structure, the argument is made that the former has electronic
similarities to indole. Based on that premise, iridium-mediated C–H
activation has enabled facile installation of a versatile, nucleophilic
coupling handle at a previously inaccessible site of 2,1-borazaronaphthalenes.
A variety of substituted 2,1-borazaronaphthalene cores can be successfully
borylated and further cross-coupled in a facile manner to yield diverse
C(8)-substituted 2,1-borazaronaphthalenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraint H M Davies
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Matthieu Jouffroy
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Fatemeh Sherafat
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran , PO Box 14155 6455 Tehran, Iran
| | - Borna Saeednia
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Street, PO Box 111559516 Tehran, Iran
| | - Casey Howshall
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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38
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Obligacion JV, Chirik PJ. Mechanistic Studies of Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H Borylation of Five-Membered Heteroarenes with Pinacolborane. ACS Catal 2017; 7:4366-4371. [PMID: 29479489 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies into the mechanism of cobalt-catalyzed C(sp2)-H borylation of five-membered heteroarenes with pinacolborane (HBPin) as the boron source established the catalyst resting state as the trans-cobalt(III) dihydride boryl, (iPrPNP)Co(H)2(BPin) (iPrPNP = 2,6-(iPr2PCH2)2(C5H3N)), at both low and high substrate conversions. The overall first-order rate law and observation of a normal deuterium kinetic isotope effect on the borylation of benzofuran versus benzofuran-2-d1 support H2 reductive elimination from the cobalt(III) dihydride boryl as the turnover-limiting step. These findings stand in contrast to that established previously for the borylation of 2,6-lutidine with the same cobalt precatalyst, where borylation of the 4-position of the pincer occurred faster than the substrate turnover and arene C-H activation by a cobalt(I) boryl is turnover-limiting. Evaluation of the catalytic activity of different cobalt precursors in the C-H borylation of benzofuran with HBPin established that the ligand design principles for C- H borylation depend on the identities of both the arene and the boron reagent used: electron-donating groups improve catalytic activity of the borylation of pyridines and arenes with B2Pin2, whereas electron-withdrawing groups improve catalytic activity of the borylation of five-membered heteroarenes with HBPin. Catalyst deactivation by P-C bond cleavage from a cobalt(I) hydride was observed in the C-H borylation of arene substrates with C-H bonds that are less acidic than those of five-membered heteroarenes using HBPin and explains the requirement of B2Pin2 to achieve synthetically useful yields with these arene substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer V. Obligacion
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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39
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Zhu L, Qi X, Li Y, Duan M, Zou L, Bai R, Lan Y. Ir(III)/Ir(V) or Ir(I)/Ir(III) Catalytic Cycle? Steric-Effect-Controlled Mechanism for the para-C–H Borylation of Arenes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Meng Duan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lufeng Zou
- Gaussian Inc., 340 Quinnipiac
Street, Building 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yu Lan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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40
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Qi X, Jiang L, Zhou C, Peng J, Wu X. Convenient and General Zinc-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Diazonium Salts and Aryltriazenes under Mild Conditions. ChemistryOpen 2017. [PMID: 28638765 PMCID: PMC5474665 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A convenient and general zinc‐catalyzed borylation of aryl diazonium salts and aryltriazenes has been developed. With bis‐ (pinacolato)diboron as the borylation reagent, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salts and aryltriazenes were transformed into the corresponding arylboronates in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. As a convenient and practical methodology, no additional ligands, base, or any other additives are required here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Qi
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityXiasha CampusHangzhou310018P.R. China
| | - Li‐Bing Jiang
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityXiasha CampusHangzhou310018P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityXiasha CampusHangzhou310018P.R. China
| | - Jin‐Bao Peng
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityXiasha CampusHangzhou310018P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Wu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityXiasha CampusHangzhou310018P.R. China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an derUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
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41
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Fontaine FG, Courtemanche MA, Légaré MA, Rochette É. Design principles in frustrated Lewis pair catalysis for the functionalization of carbon dioxide and heterocycles. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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42
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Wang G, Liu L, Wang H, Ding YS, Zhou J, Mao S, Li P. N,B-Bidentate Boryl Ligand-Supported Iridium Catalyst for Efficient Functional-Group-Directed C–H Borylation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:91-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Wang
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Li Liu
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - You-Song Ding
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Shuai Mao
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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43
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Haines BE, Saito Y, Segawa Y, Itami K, Musaev DG. Flexible Reaction Pocket on Bulky Diphosphine–Ir Complex Controls Regioselectivity in para-Selective C–H Borylation of Arenes. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E. Haines
- Cherry
L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515
Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yutaro Saito
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry
L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1515
Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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44
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Patel C, Abraham V, Sunoj RB. Mechanistic Insights and the Origin of Regioselective Borylation in an Iridium-Catalyzed Alkyl C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vibin Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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45
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Press LP, Kosanovich AJ, McCulloch BJ, Ozerov OV. High-Turnover Aromatic C–H Borylation Catalyzed by POCOP-Type Pincer Complexes of Iridium. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9487-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loren P. Press
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Alex J. Kosanovich
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Billy J. McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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46
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Hartwig JF, Larsen MA. Undirected, Homogeneous C-H Bond Functionalization: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:281-92. [PMID: 27294201 PMCID: PMC4898263 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C-H bonds has created new approaches to preparing organic molecules by enabling new strategic "disconnections" during the planning of a synthetic route. Such functionalizations also have created the ability to derivatize complex molecules by modifying one or more of the many C-H bonds. For these reasons, researchers are developing new types of functionalization reactions of C-H bonds and new applications of these processes. These C-H bond functionalization reactions can be divided into two general classes: those directed by coordination to an existing functional group prior to the cleavage of the C-H bond (directed) and those occurring without coordination prior to cleavage of the C-H bond (undirected). The undirected functionalizations of C-H bonds are much less common and more challenging to develop than the directed reactions. This outlook will focus on undirected C-H bond functionalization, as well as related reactions that occur by a noncovalent association of the catalyst prior to C-H bond cleavage. The inherent challenges of conducting undirected functionalizations of C-H bonds and the methods for undirected functionalization that are being developed will be presented, along with the factors that govern selectivity in these reactions. Finally, this outlook discusses future directions for research on undirected C-H functionalization, with an emphasis on the limitations that must be overcome if this type of methodology is to become widely used in academia and in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division
of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew A. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division
of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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47
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Takaya J, Ito S, Nomoto H, Saito N, Kirai N, Iwasawa N. Fluorine-controlled C-H borylation of arenes catalyzed by a PSiN-pincer platinum complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:17662-5. [PMID: 26436574 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, regioselective synthesis of fluorine-substituted arylboronic esters was achieved through fluorine-controlled C-H borylation of arenes with diboron catalyzed by a PSiN-platinum complex. The promising utility of the PSiN-platinum catalyst and its unique regioselectivity were demonstrated for the first time, which would complement the well-developed Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takaya
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Shisei Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Hironori Nomoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Narumasa Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Kirai
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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Smith KT, Berritt S, González-Moreiras M, Ahn S, Smith MR, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. Catalytic borylation of methane. Science 2016; 351:1424-7. [PMID: 27013726 PMCID: PMC5609458 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite steady progress in catalytic methods for the borylation of hydrocarbons, methane has not yet been subject to this transformation. Here we report the iridium-catalyzed borylation of methane using bis(pinacolborane) in cyclohexane solvent. Initially, trace amounts of borylated products were detected with phenanthroline-coordinated Ir complexes. A combination of experimental high-pressure and high-throughput screening, and computational mechanism discovery techniques helped to rationalize the foundation of the catalysis and identify improved phosphine-coordinated catalytic complexes. Optimized conditions of 150°C and 3500-kilopascal pressure led to yields as high as ~52%, turnover numbers of 100, and improved chemoselectivity for monoborylated versus diborylated methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon Berritt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariano González-Moreiras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seihwan Ahn
- Institute for Basic Science-Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Daejeon, Korea. Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Milton R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Institute for Basic Science-Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Daejeon, Korea. Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Cook AK, Schimler SD, Matzger AJ, Sanford MS. Catalyst-controlled selectivity in the C-H borylation of methane and ethane. Science 2016; 351:1421-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Shen F, Tyagarajan S, Perera D, Krska SW, Maligres PE, Smith MR, Maleczka RE. Bismuth Acetate as a Catalyst for the Sequential Protodeboronation of Di- and Triborylated Indoles. Org Lett 2016; 18:1554-7. [PMID: 26998615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth(III) acetate is a safe, inexpensive, and selective facilitator of sequential protodeboronations, which when used in conjunction with Ir-catalyzed borylations allows access to a diversity of borylated indoles. The versatility of combining Ir-catalyzed borylations with Bi(III)-catalyzed protodeboronation is demonstrated by selectively converting 6-fluoroindole into products with Bpin groups at the 4-, 5-, 7-, 2,7-, 4,7-, 3,5-, and 2,4,7-positions and the late-stage functionalization of sumatriptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Sriram Tyagarajan
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Damith Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Shane W Krska
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Peter E Maligres
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Milton R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert E Maleczka
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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