1
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Wang H, Park M, Dong R, Kim J, Cho YK, Tlusty T, Granick S. Boosted molecular mobility during common chemical reactions. Science 2020; 369:537-541. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba8425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mobility of reactants and nearby solvent is more rapid than Brownian diffusion during several common chemical reactions when the energy release rate exceeds a threshold. Screening a family of 15 organic chemical reactions, we demonstrate the largest boost for catalyzed bimolecular reactions, click chemistry, ring-opening metathesis polymerization, and Sonogashira coupling. Boosted diffusion is also observed but to lesser extent for the uncatalyzed Diels-Alder reaction, but not for substitution reactions SN1 and SN2 within instrumental resolution. Diffusion coefficient increases as measured by pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, whereas in microfluidics experiments, molecules in reaction gradients migrate “uphill” in the direction of lesser diffusivity. This microscopic consumption of energy by chemical reactions transduced into mechanical motion presents a form of active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Myeonggon Park
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Ruoyu Dong
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Tsvi Tlusty
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Steve Granick
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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2
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Motta A, Szeto KC, Taoufik M, Nicholas CP. Energetic pathways and influence of the metallacyclobutane intermediates formed during isobutene/2-butene cross-metathesis over WH3/Al2O3 supported catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy02154e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The preferred catalytic cycle occurring in the conversion of isobutene and 2-butene to propylene and pentenes over WH3/Al2O3 has been investigated via an energetic analysis of the metallacyclobutanes formed upon 2 + 2 butene cycloaddition with alumina supported tungsten alkylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Motta
- Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM UdR Roma
- Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5
- Roma
- Italy
| | - K. C. Szeto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface
- Université Lyon 1
- C2P2
- CNRS UMR 5265
- ICL
| | - M. Taoufik
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface
- Université Lyon 1
- C2P2
- CNRS UMR 5265
- ICL
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3
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Evaluation of an olefin metathesis pre-catalyst with a bulky and electron-rich N-heterocyclic carbene. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Rodríguez AM, Prieto P, de la Hoz A, Díaz-Ortiz A, García JI. The issue of 'molecular radiators' in microwave-assisted reactions. Computational calculations on ring closing metathesis (RCM). Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2436-45. [PMID: 24599220 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42536c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A DFT computational mechanistic study of the ring closing metathesis (RCM) reaction of diallyl ether or N,N-diallyl-p-toluenesulfonamide catalyzed by a second generation Grubbs-type ruthenium carbene complex has been carried out. This study was performed at the PCM(CH2Cl2)-B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/SDD theory level. The aim of this work was to shed light on the influence that microwave irradiation has on these reactions and to gain insight into the so-called 'molecular radiator' effect. The outcomes obtained indicate that thermal effects induced by microwave irradiation decrease the catalytic induction period. The presence of a polar reagent and/or polar species in the reaction that increases the polarity of the medium may enhance this thermal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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5
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Paredes-Gil K, Solans-Monfort X, Rodriguez-Santiago L, Sodupe M, Jaque P. DFT Study on the Relative Stabilities of Substituted Ruthenacyclobutane Intermediates Involved in Olefin Cross-Metathesis Reactions and Their Interconversion Pathways. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Paredes-Gil
- Departamento
de Ciencias Quı́micas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Mariona Sodupe
- Departament
de Quı́mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Departamento
de Ciencias Quı́micas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Poater A, Pump E, Vummaleti SVC, Cavallo L. The Right Computational Recipe for Olefin Metathesis with Ru-Based Catalysts: The Whole Mechanism of Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:4442-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ct5003863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Poater
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva Pump
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A 8010 Graz, Austria
- Kaust
Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sai Vikrama Chaitanya Vummaleti
- Kaust
Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Kaust
Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte
don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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7
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Marx FTI, Jordaan JHL, Lachmann G, Vosloo HCM. A comparison of low and high activity precatalysts: do the calculated energy barriers during the self-metathesis reaction of 1-octene correlate with the precatalyst metathesis activity? J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1464-71. [PMID: 24866263 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The self-metathesis reaction of 1-octene with several well-known Grubbs-type precatalysts and the new Z-selective Grubbs precatalyst were studied with molecular modeling. The obtained Gibbs-free energy values for all the steps during the productive metathesis of 1-octene were compared to the values obtained for some low catalytic activity precatalysts. Determining how the Gibbs-free energy values of highly active precatalysts compare to that of low catalytic activity precatalysts gave a deeper insight into the mechanism. The questionable correlation of the theoretically observed trends with those obtained experimentally does point to the need to be very cautious when making assumptions from theoretical results without a sufficiently large dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans T I Marx
- Research Focus Area for Chemical Resource Beneficiation:, Catalysis and Synthesis Group, North-West University, Hoffmann Street, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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8
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Marx FTI, Jordaan JHL, Lachmann G, Vosloo HCM. A molecular modeling study of the changes of some steric properties of the precatalysts during the olefin metathesis reaction. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1457-63. [PMID: 24866082 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The productive self-metathesis of 1-octene with a series of new phosphine ligated Grubbs-type precatalysts was studied. The resulting structures were used to compare some steric properties of the new precatalysts with those of well-known precatalysts. The possibility of α-CC agnostic stabilization as well as the ability of the ligands to shield the metal was studied. A comparison of the obtained data, pointed to the unlikelihood that α-CC agostic stabilization is a major contribution to the stabilization of the various metallacyclobutane rings. The similarity in the ability of the ligands to shield the metal also raised questions about the comparison of experimentally observed trends with those obtained theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans T I Marx
- Research Focus Area for Chemical Resource Beneficiation: Catalysis and Synthesis Group, North-West University, Hoffmann Street, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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9
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The Influence of Structure on Reactivity in Alkene Metathesis. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800256-8.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Poater A, Chaitanya Vummaleti SV, Pump E, Cavallo L. Comparing Ru and Fe-catalyzed olefin metathesis. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:11216-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To replace Ru by Fe in olefin metathesis, a dream?
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC)
- Departament de Química
- University of Girona
- E-17071 Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA)
| | - Sai Vikrama Chaitanya Vummaleti
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eva Pump
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
- A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2011. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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13
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Ashworth IW, Hillier IH, Nelson DJ, Percy JM, Vincent MA. Olefin Metathesis by Grubbs–Hoveyda Complexes: Computational and Experimental Studies of the Mechanism and Substrate-Dependent Kinetics. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400164w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Ashworth
- Global Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way,
Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Ian H. Hillier
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13
9PL, U.K
| | - David J. Nelson
- WestCHEM, Department
of Pure and
Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Jonathan M. Percy
- WestCHEM, Department
of Pure and
Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Mark A. Vincent
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13
9PL, U.K
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14
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Miyazaki H, Herbert MB, Liu P, Dong X, Xu X, Keitz BK, Ung T, Mkrtumyan G, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. Z-Selective ethenolysis with a ruthenium metathesis catalyst: experiment and theory. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5848-58. [PMID: 23547887 DOI: 10.1021/ja4010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Z-selective ethenolysis activity of chelated ruthenium metathesis catalysts was investigated with experiment and theory. A five-membered chelated catalyst that was successfully employed in Z-selective cross metathesis reactions has now been found to be highly active for Z-selective ethenolysis at low ethylene pressures, while tolerating a wide variety of functional groups. This phenomenon also affects its activity in cross metathesis reactions and prohibits crossover reactions of internal olefins via trisubstituted ruthenacyclobutane intermediates. In contrast, a related catalyst containing a six-membered chelated architecture is not active for ethenolysis and seems to react through different pathways more reminiscent of previous generations of ruthenium catalysts. Computational investigations of the effects of substitution on relevant transition states and ruthenacyclobutane intermediates revealed that the differences of activities are attributed to the steric repulsions of the anionic ligand with the chelating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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15
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Nelson DJ, Queval P, Rouen M, Magrez M, Toupet L, Caijo F, Borré E, Laurent I, Crévisy C, Baslé O, Mauduit M, Percy JM. Synergic Effects Between N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Chelating Benzylidene–Ether Ligands Toward the Initiation Step of Hoveyda–Grubbs Type Ru Complexes. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400013z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Nelson
- School of
Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North
Haugh, Fife, St. Andrews,
KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building,
295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Queval
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226,
Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex
7, France
| | - Mathieu Rouen
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226,
Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex
7, France
| | - Magaly Magrez
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226,
Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex
7, France
| | - Loïc Toupet
- Institut de Physique de Rennes Université Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6251
- Campus de Beaulieu Bâtiment 11A 263 av. Général
Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Caijo
- OMEGA CAT SYSTEM
Sarl, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS
50837, 35708 Rennes
Cedex 7, France
| | - Etienne Borré
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226,
Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex
7, France
| | - Isabelle Laurent
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226,
Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex
7, France
| | - Christophe Crévisy
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226,
Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex
7, France
| | - Olivier Baslé
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226,
Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex
7, France
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226,
Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex
7, France
| | - Jonathan M. Percy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building,
295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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16
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Martinez H, Miró P, Charbonneau P, Hillmyer MA, Cramer CJ. Selectivity in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Z-Cyclooctenes Catalyzed by a Second-generation Grubbs Catalyst. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300549u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pere Miró
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Patrick Charbonneau
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and
Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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17
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Dang Y, Wang ZX, Wang X. A Thorough DFT Study of the Mechanism of Homodimerization of Terminal Olefins through Metathesis with a Chelated Ruthenium Catalyst: From Initiation to Z Selectivity to Regeneration. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300784k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's
Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's
Republic of China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O.
Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
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18
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Ashworth IW, Hillier IH, Nelson DJ, Percy JM, Vincent MA. Searching for the Hidden Hydrides: The Competition between Alkene Isomerization and Metathesis with Grubbs Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Liu P, Xu X, Dong X, Keitz BK, Herbert MB, Grubbs RH, Houk KN. Z-Selectivity in olefin metathesis with chelated Ru catalysts: computational studies of mechanism and selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1464-7. [PMID: 22229694 DOI: 10.1021/ja2108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and origins of Z-selectivity in olefin metathesis with chelated Ru catalysts were explored using density functional theory. The olefin approaches from the "side" position of the chelated Ru catalysts, in contrast to reactions with previous unchelated Ru catalysts that favor the bottom-bound pathway. Steric repulsions between the substituents on the olefin and the N-substituent on the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand lead to highly selective formation of the Z product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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20
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Nelson DJ, Carboni D, Ashworth IW, Percy JM. Toward a simulation approach for alkene ring-closing metathesis: scope and limitations of a model for RCM. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8386-93. [PMID: 21913728 PMCID: PMC3675522 DOI: 10.1021/jo201611z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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A published model for revealing solvent effects on the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction of diethyl diallylmalonate 7 has been evaluated over a wider range of conditions, to assess its suitability for new applications. Unfortunately, the model is too flexible and the published rate constants do not agree with experimental studies in the literature. However, by fixing the values of important rate constants and restricting the concentration ranges studied, useful conclusions can be drawn about the relative rates of RCM of different substrates, precatalyst concentration can be simulated accurately and the effect of precatalyst loading can be anticipated. Progress has also been made toward applying the model to precatalyst evaluation, but further modifications to the model are necessary to achieve much broader aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Nelson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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21
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Nelson DJ, Ashworth IW, Hillier IH, Kyne SH, Pandian S, Parkinson JA, Percy JM, Rinaudo G, Vincent MA. Why is RCM Favoured Over Dimerisation? Predicting and Estimating Thermodynamic Effective Molarities by Solution Experiments and Electronic Structure Calculations. Chemistry 2011; 17:13087-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Yang HC, Huang YC, Lan YK, Luh TY, Zhao Y, Truhlar DG. Carbene Rotamer Switching Explains the Reverse Trans Effect in Forming the Grubbs Second-Generation Olefin Metathesis Catalyst. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200529m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ching Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Chin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Commercial Print Engine Lab., HP Laboratories, Hewlett-Packard Co., Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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23
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Ashworth IW, Hillier IH, Nelson DJ, Percy JM, Vincent MA. What is the initiation step of the Grubbs-Hoveyda olefinmetathesiscatalyst? Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5428-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation mechanism and associated energetics of the Grubbs-Hoveyda olefin metathesis pre-catalyst have been established via DFT calculations and experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Ashworth
- AstraZeneca Global Research and Development
- Silk Road Business Park
- Macclesfield
- UK
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24
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Poater A, Ragone F, Correa A, Cavallo L. Comparison of different ruthenium–alkylidene bonds in the activation step with N-heterocyclic carbene Ru-catalysts for olefins metathesis. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:11066-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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