1
|
Mangrum DS, Finley SD. Modeling the heterogeneous apoptotic response of caspase-mediated signaling in tumor cells. J Theor Biol 2024; 590:111857. [PMID: 38797470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Resisting apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer. For this reason, it may be possible to force cancer cells to die by targeting components along the apoptotic signaling pathway. However, apoptosis signaling is challenging to understand due to dynamic and complex behaviors of ligands, receptors, and intracellular signaling components in response to cancer therapy. In this work, we forecast the apoptotic response based on the combined impact of these features. We expanded a previously established mathematical model of caspase-mediated apoptosis to include extracellular activation and receptor dynamics. In addition, three potential threshold values of caspase-3 necessary for the activation of apoptosis were selected to forecast which cells become apoptotic over time. We first vary ligand and receptor levels with the number of intracellular signaling proteins remaining consistent. Then, we vary the intracellular protein molecules in each simulated tumor cell to forecast the response of a heterogeneous population. By leveraging the benefits of computational modeling, we investigate the combined effect of several factors on the onset of apoptosis. This work provides quantitative insights for how the apoptotic signaling response can be forecasted, and precisely triggered, amongst heterogeneous cells via extracellular activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diamond S Mangrum
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Latypova AA, Yaremenko AV, Pechnikova NA, Minin AS, Zubarev IV. Magnetogenetics as a promising tool for controlling cellular signaling pathways. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:327. [PMID: 38858689 PMCID: PMC11163773 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetogenetics emerges as a transformative approach for modulating cellular signaling pathways through the strategic application of magnetic fields and nanoparticles. This technique leverages the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to induce mechanical or thermal stimuli within cells, facilitating the activation of mechano- and thermosensitive proteins without the need for traditional ligand-receptor interactions. Unlike traditional modalities that often require invasive interventions and lack precision in targeting specific cellular functions, magnetogenetics offers a non-invasive alternative with the capacity for deep tissue penetration and the potential for targeting a broad spectrum of cellular processes. This review underscores magnetogenetics' broad applicability, from steering stem cell differentiation to manipulating neuronal activity and immune responses, highlighting its potential in regenerative medicine, neuroscience, and cancer therapy. Furthermore, the review explores the challenges and future directions of magnetogenetics, including the development of genetically programmed magnetic nanoparticles and the integration of magnetic field-sensitive cells for in vivo applications. Magnetogenetics stands at the forefront of cellular manipulation technologies, offering novel insights into cellular signaling and opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Latypova
- Institute of Future Biophysics, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - Alexey V Yaremenko
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Pechnikova
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Artem S Minin
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Ilya V Zubarev
- Institute of Future Biophysics, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schwaner I, Kuhn T, Losem C, Wolff T, Otremba B, Zaiss M, Hülsenbeck J, Famulla K, Nösslinger T, Rossi D. Low incidence of tumor lysis syndrome in elderly patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with venetoclax under real-world conditions: results from the prospective observational VeRVe study. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2013-2020. [PMID: 38421404 PMCID: PMC11090950 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Venetoclax is active in both frontline and relapsed/refractory settings for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although the prevalence and severity of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) are well characterized in clinical trials, laboratory and clinical TLS remain relatively unexplored in real-world clinical practice.In this prospective, real-world observational study, we aimed to determine the incidence and outcomes of TLS in patients with CLL receiving venetoclax outside a clinical trial. The study (VeRVe) was conducted in centers in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.Two hundred and thirty-nine patients were treated according to local label with at least one dose of venetoclax. Patient demographics, baseline characteristics, and blood chemistry at baseline were documented, and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted.Seventy eight patients (33%) were treated with venetoclax monotherapy, 101 (42%) with venetoclax in combination with rituximab and 60 (25%) with venetoclax in combination with obinutuzumab. In all cases, the TLS risk mitigation strategy adhered to the ramp-up protocol. Median age was 73 years and 66% of patients were male. The majority of patients (75%) had relapsed/refractory CLL, 63/192 (32.8%) patients tested had a del(17p) and 93/134 (69.4%) patients tested had unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene (IGHV). Clinical TLS occurred in 5 patients (2.1%) and laboratory TLS occurred in 15 patients (6.3%). Ten patients received specific treatment, of which 6 were hospitalized. There were no deaths due to a TLS event and venetoclax was well-tolerated. Of the 5 clinical TLS events reported, none were fatal or resulted in renal failure (NCT03342144, registered on Nov 10, 2017).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Aged
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Sulfonamides/adverse effects
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Male
- Female
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/adverse effects
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Aged, 80 and over
- Prospective Studies
- Incidence
- Middle Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Germany/epidemiology
- Rituximab/administration & dosage
- Rituximab/adverse effects
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
- Austria/epidemiology
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Schwaner
- Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Kurfuerstendamm, Kurfuerstendamm 65, 10707, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kuhn
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Hämatologie, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Zaiss
- Praxis für interdisziplinäre Onkologie & Hämatologie, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Kirsten Famulla
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Hämatologie, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Thomas Nösslinger
- 3rd Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Hanusch Krankenhaus, Wien, Austria
| | - Davide Rossi
- Clinic of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Gao Y, Ni X, Xiong Y, Zhang P, Liu H, Wu X, Tong D, Wang C, Ma J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole derivatives bearing a pyridinocycloalkyl moiety as iron chelators. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10840-w. [PMID: 38733433 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The avidity of cancer cells for iron highlights the potential for iron chelators to be used in cancer therapy. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel series of 5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole derivatives bearing a pyridinocycloalkyl moiety using a ring-fusion strategy based on the structure of an iron chelator, VLX600. The antiproliferative activity evaluation against cancer cells and normal cells led to the identification of compound 3k, which displayed the strongest antiproliferative activity in vitro against A549, MCF-7, Hela and HepG-2 with IC50 values of 0.59, 0.86, 1.31 and 0.92 μM, respectively, and had lower cytotoxicity against HEK293 than VLX600. Further investigations revealed that unlike VLX600, compound 3k selectively bound to ferrous ions, but not to ferric ions, and addition of Fe2+ abolished the cytotoxicity of 3k. Flow cytometry assays demonstrated that 3k arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase and induced significant apoptosis in A549 cells in dose and time-dependent manners, corresponding to JC-1 staining assay results. Western blot analysis of Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins further provided evidences that induction of apoptosis by 3k in A549 cells might be at least via the mitochondria pathway. These above results highlight that 3k is a valuable lead compound that deserves further investigation as an iron chelator for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yali Gao
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xin Ni
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yizu Xiong
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Peixi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Han Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xingye Wu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dandan Tong
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
| | - Junjie Ma
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chaudhry GES, Zeenia, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Hispidulin: a promising anticancer agent and mechanistic breakthrough for targeted cancer therapy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1919-1934. [PMID: 37594522 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease characterized by dysregulated cell growth and division, posing significant challenges for effective treatment. Hispidulin, a flavonoid compound, has shown promising biological effects, particularly in the field of anticancer research. The main objective of this study is to investigate the anticancer properties of hispidulin and gain insight into its mechanistic targets in cancer cells. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to collect data on the anticancer effects of hispidulin. In vitro and in vivo studies were analyzed to identify the molecular targets and underlying mechanisms through which hispidulin exerts its anticancer activities. Hispidulin has shown significant effects on various aspects of cancer, including cell growth, proliferation, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and apoptosis. It has been observed to target both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, regulate cell cycle arrest, and modulate cancer progression pathways. The existing literature highlights the potential of hispidulin as a potent anticancer agent. Hispidulin exhibits promising potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. Its ability to induce apoptosis and modulate key molecular targets involved in cancer progression makes it a valuable candidate for further investigation. Additional pharmacological studies are needed to fully understand the specific targets and signaling pathways influenced by hispidulin in different types of cancer. Further research will contribute to the successful translation of hispidulin into clinical settings, allowing its utilization in conventional and advanced cancer therapies with improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Zeenia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yadav AK, Maharjan Shrestha R, Yadav PN. Anticancer mechanism of coumarin-based derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116179. [PMID: 38340509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The structural motif of coumarins is related with various biological activities and pharmacological properties. Both natural coumarin extracted from various plants or a new coumarin derivative synthesized by modification of the basic structure of coumarin, in vitro experiments showed that coumarins are a promising class of anti-tumor agents with high selectivity. Cancer is a complex and multifaceted group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells in the body. This review focuses on the anticancer mechanism of various coumarins synthesized and isolated in more than a decade. Isopentenyloxycoumarins inhibit angiogenesis by reducing CCl2 chemokine levels. Ferulin C is a potent colchicine-binding agent that destabilizes microtubules, exhibiting antiproliferative and anti-metastatic effects in breast cancer cells through PAK1 and PAK2-mediated signaling. Trimers of triphenylethylene-coumarin hybrids demonstrated significant proliferation inhibition in HeLa, A549, K562, and MCF-7 cell lines. Platinum(IV) complexes with 4-hydroxycoumarin have the potential for high genotoxicity against tumor cells, inducing apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells by up-regulating caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression. Derivatives of 3-benzyl coumarin seco-B-ring induce apoptosis, mediated through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Sesquiterpene coumarins inhibit the efflux pump of multidrug resistance-associated protein. Coumarin imidazolyl derivatives inhibit the aromatase enzyme, a major contributor to estrogen overproduction in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Yadav
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Paras Nath Yadav
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim R, Kin T, Beck WT. Impact of Complex Apoptotic Signaling Pathways on Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:984. [PMID: 38473345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs induce apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death in various cancer types. The signaling pathways for anticancer drug-induced apoptotic cell death have been shown to differ between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. In atypical multidrug-resistant leukemia cells, the c-Jun/activator protein 1 (AP-1)/p53 signaling pathway leading to apoptotic death is altered. Cancer cells treated with anticancer drugs undergo c-Jun/AP-1-mediated apoptotic death and are involved in c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (Gadd153)/CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein pathway induction, regardless of the p53 genotype. Gadd153 induction is associated with mitochondrial membrane permeabilization after anticancer drug treatment and involves a coupled endoplasmic reticulum stress response. The induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs is mediated by the intrinsic pathway (cytochrome c, Cyt c) and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade via proapoptotic genes (e.g., Bax and Bcl-xS) and their interactions. Anticancer drug-induced apoptosis involves caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways and occurs via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The targeting of antiapoptotic genes such as Bcl-2 enhances anticancer drug efficacy. The modulation of apoptotic signaling by Bcl-xS transduction increases the sensitivity of multidrug resistance-related protein-overexpressing epidermoid carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs. The significance of autophagy in cancer therapy remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of cancer cell death-related signaling pathways and their alterations during anticancer drug treatment and discuss potential strategies to enhance treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Mark Clinic, 1-4-3F, 2-Chome Ohte-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0051, Japan
| | - Takanori Kin
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - William T Beck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abbas H, Derkaoui DK, Jeammet L, Adicéam E, Tiollier J, Sicard H, Braun T, Poyet JL. Apoptosis Inhibitor 5: A Multifaceted Regulator of Cell Fate. Biomolecules 2024; 14:136. [PMID: 38275765 PMCID: PMC10813780 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental process that maintains tissue homeostasis, eliminates damaged or infected cells, and plays a crucial role in various biological phenomena. The deregulation of apoptosis is involved in many human diseases, including cancer. One of the emerging players in the intricate regulatory network of apoptosis is apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API5), also called AAC-11 (anti-apoptosis clone 11) or FIF (fibroblast growth factor-2 interacting factor). While it may not have yet the same level of notoriety as some other cancer-associated proteins, API5 has garnered increasing attention in the cancer field in recent years, as elevated API5 levels are often associated with aggressive tumor behavior, resistance to therapy, and poor patient prognosis. This review aims to shed light on the multifaceted functions and regulatory mechanisms of API5 in cell fate decisions as well as its interest as therapeutic target in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafsia Abbas
- Université Oran 1, Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran 31000, Algeria; (H.A.); (D.K.D.)
| | | | - Louise Jeammet
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Emilie Adicéam
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Jérôme Tiollier
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hélène Sicard
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
- AP-HP, Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris XIII, 93000 Bobigny, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Poyet
- INSERM UMRS976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdel-Maksoud MA, Ullah S, Nadeem A, Shaikh A, Zia MK, Zakri AM, Almanaa TN, Alfuraydi AA, Mubarak A, Hameed Y. Unlocking the diagnostic, prognostic roles, and immune implications of BAX gene expression in pan-cancer analysis. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:63-74. [PMID: 38322551 PMCID: PMC10839381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer, a formidable disease, continues to challenge our understanding and therapeutic approaches. This study delves into the pan-cancer analysis of BCL2 Associated X (BAX) gene expression, seeking to unravel its significance in cancer development, prognosis, and potential therapeutic strategies. METHODS A combination of bioinformatics and molecular experiments. RESULTS Our pan-cancer investigation into BAX expression encompassed 33 distinct cancer types, revealing a remarkable and uniform increase in BAX expression. This groundbreaking finding emphasizes the potential universality of BAX's role in cancer development and progression. Further, our study explored the prognostic implications of BAX expression, highlighting a consistent association between up-regulated BAX and poor overall survival (OS) in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) and Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM). These results suggest that BAX may serve as an adverse prognostic indicator in these malignancies, emphasizing the importance of personalized treatment strategies. Epigenetic and genetic analyses of BAX provided valuable insights. Hypomethylation of the BAX promoter region was evident in LIHC and SKCM, which likely contributes to the up-regulation of BAX, while genetic mutations in the BAX gene itself were infrequent in these cancers. Our exploration of BAX-associated signaling pathways and the correlation between BAX expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration shed light on the intricate molecular landscape of cancer. BAX's interaction with key apoptotic and immune-related pathways reinforces its role as a central player in tumor development and the immune microenvironment. Moreover, our drug prediction analysis identified potential therapeutic agents for modulating BAX expression in the context of LIHC and SKCM, bridging the gap between research and clinical application. CONCLUSION In sum, our comprehensive BAX study not only enhances our understanding of its significance as a biomarker gene but also offers novel avenues for therapeutic interventions, contributing to the ongoing quest for more effective cancer treatments and improved patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amun Nadeem
- Department of Pathology, Gujranwala Medical College Teaching Hospital GujranwalaPakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Khurram Zia
- Department of Surgery, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry and Darul Sehat HospitalKarachi, Pakistan
| | - Adel M Zakri
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram A Alfuraydi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Hameed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang L, Ye L, Li R, Zhang S, Qu C, Li S, Li J, Yang M, Wu B, Chen R, Huang G, Gong B, Li Z, Yang H, Yu M, Shi Y, Wang C, Chen W, Yang Z. Dynamic human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid architecture based on single-cell transcriptomic landscape analysis. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2540-2556. [PMID: 37554187 PMCID: PMC10404887 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid are located behind the human retina and have multiple functions in the human visual system. Knowledge of the RPE and choroid cells and their gene expression profiles are fundamental for understanding retinal disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Here, we sequenced the RNA of about 0.3 million single cells from human RPE and choroids across two regions and seven ages, revealing regional and age differences within the human RPE and choroid. Cell-cell interactions highlight the broad connectivity networks between the RPE and different choroid cell types. Moreover, the transcription factors and their target genes change during aging. The coding of somatic variations increases during aging in the human RPE and choroid at the single-cell level. Moreover, we identified ELN as a candidate for improving RPE degeneration and choroidal structure during aging. The mapping of the molecular architecture of the human RPE and choroid improves our understanding of the human vision support system and offers potential insights into the intervention targets for retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Runze Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Biao Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guo Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Department of Organ Transplant Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Changguan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Firoz HM, Nanjundaiah S, Sadashiva CT, Neethumol B, Rashmi Y, Sreedrisya AK. Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis-inducing mechanism of Curcuma longa (Turmimax®) on HeLa cell lines. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e275953. [PMID: 37820211 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, the primary polyphenol found in turmeric, is derived from the Curcuma longa plant. Since curcumin is nontoxic and has a wide range of medicinal qualities, including anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial action, it has been widely employed in Ayurveda medicine for ages. Curcumin has recently been discovered to have anti-cancer properties through its impact on numerous biological pathways involved in carcinogenesis, metastasis, tumorigenesis, cell cycle regulation, mutagenesis, and oncogene expression. In this study, we determined the Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis-inducing mechanism of C. longa (Turmimax®) on human cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated against HeLa cell lines using the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to detect apoptotic cell death. Turmimax® exhibits promising properties as a potential anti-cancer therapeutic agent in human cervical adenocarcinomas and possibly other cancer types, with an IC50 value of 87.89 µg/mL. In HeLa cells treated with Turmimax®, cell cycle arrest was seen in the G0/G1 and S phases. By inducing apoptosis and increasing the number of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner, the experimental data suggest that Turmimax® has considerable promise in cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Firoz
- Star Hi Herbs Pvt Ltd, R&D Centre, Jigani, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Nanjundaiah
- Star Hi Herbs Pvt Ltd, R&D Centre, Jigani, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C T Sadashiva
- Star Hi Herbs Pvt Ltd, R&D Centre, Jigani, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Neethumol
- Star Hi Herbs Pvt Ltd, R&D Centre, Jigani, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Y Rashmi
- Star Hi Herbs Pvt Ltd, R&D Centre, Jigani, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A K Sreedrisya
- Star Hi Herbs Pvt Ltd, R&D Centre, Jigani, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Cao Y, Zhang X, An M, Liu Y. The Application of Nano-drug Delivery System With Sequential Drug Release Strategies in Cancer Therapy. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:459-473. [PMID: 37533151 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, multidrug combinations are often used clinically to improve the efficacy of oncology chemotherapy, but multidrug combinations often lead to multidrug resistance and decreased performance, resulting in more severe side effects than monotherapy. Therefore, sequential drug release strategies in time and space as well as nano-carriers that respond to the tumor microenvironment have been developed. First, the advantage of the sequential release strategy is that they can load multiple drugs simultaneously to meet their spatiotemporal requirements and stability, thus exerting synergistic effects of two or more drugs. Second, in some cases, sequential drug delivery of different molecular targets can improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to drugs. Control the metabolism of cancer cells, and remodel tumor vasculature. Finally, some drug combinations with built-in release control are used for sequential administration. This paper focuses on the use of nanotechnology and built-in control device to construct drug delivery carriers with different stimulation responses, thus achieving the sequential release of drugs. Therefore, the nano-sequential delivery carrier provides a new idea and platform for the therapeutic effect of various drugs and the synergistic effect among drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu E, Yang M, Li Q, Cheng Q, Wang Y, Ye L, Tian F, Ding H, Ling Y, Xia M, Ji ZS, Li W. Antitumor activity of a whey peptide-based enteral diet in C26 colon tumor-bearing mice. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4275-4288. [PMID: 37615996 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor effects of a whey peptide-based enteral diet, whose main components are whey peptides and yogurt fermented by Lactobacillus delbureckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131, were investigated in mice. Our results indicated that the tumor weight in C26 carcinoma-transplanted mice was significantly smaller at day 16 post-implantation in the whey peptide-based enteral diet group (1.36 ± 0.54 g) than in the control group (1.83 ± 0.89 g) (p < 0.05). The whey peptide-based enteral diet group exhibited higher tumor cell apoptosis, lower cell proliferation, and inactive angiogenesis indicating by higher degree of TUNEL, lower positive rates of Ki-67, VEGF, and CD34 than control group. It also attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration of spleen and liver as indicated by the decreased spleen index (10.89 ± 2.06 vs. 12.85 ± 2.92, p < 0.05) and increased liver index (58.09 ± 11.37 vs. 53.19 ± 6.67, p < 0.05) in the whey peptide-based enteral diet group than the control diet group. These results proved the inhibitory effect of the whey peptide-based enteral diet on tumor growth, which might be attributed to the whey peptides component. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A whey peptide-based enteral diet (MEIN® ), containing cheese whey and multiple nutrients, was selected to verify the anti-tumor effect by animal experiments. The tumor weight growth, tumor cell proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration of spleen and liver in tumor model mice was significantly attenuated by the whey peptide-based enteral diet, that might be attributed to its whey peptides component. These results provided an additive direction for cancer therapy and need a further study including clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enuo Liu
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilin Li
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyi Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Shanghai Tongyuan Food Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Ling
- Department of Nutrition, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Xia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zai-Si Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Tongyuan Food Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kannampuzha S, Gopalakrishnan AV. Cancer chemoresistance and its mechanisms: Associated molecular factors and its regulatory role. Med Oncol 2023; 40:264. [PMID: 37550533 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapy has advanced from tradition chemotherapy methods to targeted therapy, novel drug delivery mechanisms, combination therapies etc. Although several novel chemotherapy strategies have been introduced, chemoresistance still remains as one of the major barriers in cancer treatments. Chemoresistance can lead to relapse and hinder the development of improved clinical results for cancer patients, and this continues to be the major hurdle in cancer therapy. Anticancer drugs acquire chemoresistance through different mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to overcome and increase the efficiency of the cancer therapies that are employed. The potential molecular pathways behind chemoresistance include tumor heterogeneity, elevated drug efflux, multidrug resistance, interconnected signaling pathways, and other factors. To surpass this limitation, new clinical tactics are to be introduced. This review aims to compile the most recent information on the molecular pathways that regulate chemoresistance in cancers, which will aid in development of new therapeutic targets and strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mastropietro A, De Carlo G, Anagnostopoulos A. XGDAG: explainable gene-disease associations via graph neural networks. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad482. [PMID: 37531293 PMCID: PMC10421968 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Disease gene prioritization consists in identifying genes that are likely to be involved in the mechanisms of a given disease, providing a ranking of such genes. Recently, the research community has used computational methods to uncover unknown gene-disease associations; these methods range from combinatorial to machine learning-based approaches. In particular, during the last years, approaches based on deep learning have provided superior results compared to more traditional ones. Yet, the problem with these is their inherent black-box structure, which prevents interpretability. RESULTS We propose a new methodology for disease gene discovery, which leverages graph-structured data using graph neural networks (GNNs) along with an explainability phase for determining the ranking of candidate genes and understanding the model's output. Our approach is based on a positive-unlabeled learning strategy, which outperforms existing gene discovery methods by exploiting GNNs in a non-black-box fashion. Our methodology is effective even in scenarios where a large number of associated genes need to be retrieved, in which gene prioritization methods often tend to lose their reliability. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code of XGDAG is available on GitHub at: https://github.com/GiDeCarlo/XGDAG. The data underlying this article are available at: https://www.disgenet.org/, https://thebiogrid.org/, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004120.s003, and https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004120.s004.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mastropietro
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Gianluca De Carlo
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Aris Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Louis L, Chee BS, McAfee M, Nugent M. Electrospun Drug-Loaded and Gene-Loaded Nanofibres: The Holy Grail of Glioblastoma Therapy? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1649. [PMID: 37376095 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, GBM remains highly resistant to therapies that have shown promising effects in other cancers. Therefore, the goal is to take down the shield that these tumours are using to protect themselves and proliferate unchecked, regardless of the advent of diverse therapies. To overcome the limitations of conventional therapy, the use of electrospun nanofibres encapsulated with either a drug or gene has been extensively researched. The aim of this intelligent biomaterial is to achieve a timely release of encapsulated therapy to exert the maximal therapeutic effect simultaneously eliminating dose-limiting toxicities and activating the innate immune response to prevent tumour recurrence. This review article is focused on the developing field of electrospinning and aims to describe the different types of electrospinning techniques in biomedical applications. Each technique describes how not all drugs or genes can be electrospun with any method; their physico-chemical properties, site of action, polymer characteristics and the desired drug or gene release rate determine the strategy used. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives associated with GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Louis
- Materials Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Athlone Main Campus, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Bor Shin Chee
- Materials Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Athlone Main Campus, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Marion McAfee
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, F91YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Michael Nugent
- Materials Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Technological University of the Shannon, Midlands Midwest, Athlone Main Campus, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abdullah H, Ismail I, Suppian R, Zakaria NM. Natural Gallic Acid and Methyl Gallate Induces Apoptosis in Hela Cells through Regulation of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Protein Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108495. [PMID: 37239840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis is one of the targeted approaches in cancer therapies. As previously reported, natural products can induce apoptosis in in vitro cancer treatments. However, the underlying mechanisms of cancer cell death are poorly understood. The present study aimed to elucidate cell death mechanisms of gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) from Quercus infectoria toward human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa). The antiproliferative activity of GA and MG was characterised by an inhibitory concentration using 50% cell populations (IC50) by an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Cervical cancer cells, HeLa, were treated with GA and MG for 72 h and calculated for IC50 values. The IC50 concentration of both compounds was used to elucidate the apoptotic mechanism using acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining, cell cycle analysis, the Annexin-V FITC dual staining assay, apoptotic proteins expressions (p53, Bax and Bcl-2) and caspase activation analysis. GA and MG inhibited the growth of HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 10.00 ± 0.67 µg/mL and 11.00 ± 0.58 µg/mL, respectively. AO/PI staining revealed incremental apoptotic cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed an accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase. The Annexin-V FITC assay showed that cell populations shifted from the viable to apoptotic quadrant. Moreover, p53 and Bax were upregulated, whereas Bcl-2 was markedly downregulated. Activation of caspase 8 and 9 showed an ultimate apoptotic event in HeLa cells treated with GA and MG. In conclusion, GA and MG significantly inhibited HeLa cell growth through apoptosis induction by the activation of the cell death mechanism via extrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasmah Abdullah
- Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Al Dhafeer Street, Abu Dhabi 22401, United Arab Emirates
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ilyana Ismail
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rapeah Suppian
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Munirah Zakaria
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
El-Shafei NH, Zaafan MA, Kandil EA, Sayed RH. Simvastatin ameliorates testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats via modulating IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175762. [PMID: 37164119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by non-malignant enlargement of prostate cells causing many lower urinary tract symptoms. BPH pathogenesis includes androgens receptors signaling pathways, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and possibly changes in IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO pathway. Altogether, modulating IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO signaling along with regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis might preserve prostatic cells from increased proliferation. Beyond statins' common uses, they also have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. This study aims to determine simvastatin's beneficial effect on testosterone-induced BPH. Rats were randomly allocated into four groups, 9 rats each. The control group received olive oil subcutaneously and distilled water orally for 30 consecutive days. The second group received simvastatin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) dissolved in distilled water. The BPH-induced group received testosterone enanthate (3 mg/kg, s.c.) dissolved in olive oil, and the BPH-induced treated group received both simvastatin and testosterone. Testosterone significantly increased prostate index and severity of histopathological alterations in prostate tissues as well as 5-alpha reductase enzyme level in contrast to simvastatin treatment that reversed the testosterone-induced alterations in these parameters. Likewise, testosterone up-regulated IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and down-regulated FOXO transcription factor. It also decreased apoptotic markers level in prostatic tissue BAX, caspase-3, and caspase-9, while it elevated Bcl-2 level. In addition, it alleviated reduced GSH and GPX5 levels and SOD activity. Simvastatin treatment significantly opposed testosterone's effect on all aforementioned parameters. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that simvastatin is a possible treatment for BPH which may be attributed to its effect on IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO signaling pathway as well as anti-oxidant and apoptotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nyera H El-Shafei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Egypt
| | - Mai A Zaafan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Egypt
| | - Esraa A Kandil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bhat TA, Dheeraj A, Nambiar DK, Singh SP, Yim DS, Singh RP. Decursin inhibits EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling axis in advanced human prostate carcinoma cells. Prostate 2023; 83:534-546. [PMID: 36597263 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that decursin, a coumarin compound, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells (PCa); however, its molecular mechanisms are largely unexplored. We studied the mechanisms associated with its anticancer activity in advanced human prostate carcinoma cells. We found that decursin inhibited epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by inhibiting its activating phosphorylation at tyrosine 1068 residue in DU145 and 22Rv1 cells. This inhibition of EGFR was associated with the downregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Both EGFR and ERK1/2 are known to be deregulated/activated in many human malignancies. Consistent with our earlier study, decursin (25-100 µM) treatment for 24-72 h inhibited DU145 cell proliferation by 49%-87% (p < 0.001) which was associated with strong G1 phase arrest and cell death. It also decreased (p < 0.001) the number of surviving colonies. Decursin moderately increased the expression of Rb-related proteins p107 and p130 but decreased the levels of E2F family transcription factors including E2F-3, E2F-4 and E2F-5. Further, decursin strongly inhibited the growth of androgen-dependent prostate carcinoma 22Rv1 cells from 61% to 79% (p < 0.001) and arrested these cells at G1 phase via induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27/Kip1 and downregulation of CDK2 and CDK4 protein expression. Additionally, EGFR inhibitor erlotinib- and EGF ligand-modulated EGFR activation validated EGFR signaling as a target of decursin-mediated cell growth inhibition and cytotoxicity. Decursin decreased EGF ligand-induced phosphorylation of EGFR (Y-1068) as well as activation of its downstream mediator, ERK1/2. Furthermore, inhibitory targeting of EGFR-ERK1/2 axis by combinatorial treatment of decursin and erlotinib further sensitized DU145 cells for the decursin-induced growth inhibition and cell death. Overall, these findings strongly suggest that anticancer efficacy of decursin against human PCa involves inhibitory targeting of EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling axis, a pathway constitutively active in advanced PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpit Dheeraj
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhanya K Nambiar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Dong Sool Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rana P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Homayoonfal M, Gilasi H, Asemi Z, Mahabady MK, Asemi R, Yousefi B. Quercetin modulates signal transductions and targets non-coding RNAs against cancer development. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110667. [PMID: 37023996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, various investigations have indicated that natural compounds have great potential in the prevention and treatment of different chronic disorders including different types of cancer. As a bioactive flavonoid, Quercetin (Qu) is a dietary ingredient enjoying high pharmacological values and health-promoting effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characterization. Conclusive in vitro and in vivo evidence has revealed that Qu has great potential in cancer prevention and development. Qu exerts its anticancer influences by altering various cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, metastasis, cell cycle, and proliferation. In this way, Qu by targeting numerous signaling pathways as well as non-coding RNAs regulates several cellular mechanisms to suppress cancer occurrence and promotion. This review aimed to summarize the impact of Qu on the molecular pathways and non-coding RNAs in modulating various cancer-associated cellular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Gilasi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Asemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen J, Liu H, Chen Y, Hu H, Huang C, Wang Y, Liang L, Liu Y. Iridium(III) complexes inhibit the proliferation and migration of BEL-7402 cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 241:112145. [PMID: 36709684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Iridium(III) complexes are largely studied as anti-cancer complexes due to their excellent anti-cancer activity. In this article, two new iridium(III) complexes [Ir(piq)2(THPIP)]PF6 (THPIP = 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenol, piq = deprotonated 1-phenylisoquinoline) (Ir1) and [Ir(bzq)2(THPIP)]PF6 (bzq = deprotonated benzo[h]quinolone) (Ir2) were synthesized. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays showed that complex Ir1 exhibits moderate activity (IC50 = 29.9 ± 4.6 μM) and Ir2 shows high cytotoxicity (IC50 = 9.8 ± 1.8 μM) against BEL-7402 cells. Further studies on the mechanism showed that Ir1 and Ir2 induced apoptosis by changing the mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca2+ release, ROS accumulation, and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. The complexes can effectively inhibit cell colony formation and migration. The expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), AKT (protein kinase B), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), and p-mTOR was studied by immunoblotting. Complexes Ir1 and Ir2 downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increased the expression of autophagy-related proteins of Beclin-1 and LC3-II. Further experiments showed that the complexes inhibited the production of glutathione (GSH) and increased the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA). Fluorescence of HMGB1 was significantly increased. We also investigated the effect of the complexes on the expression of genes using RNA-sequence analysis, we further calculated the lowest binding energies between the complexes and proteins using molecular docking. Taken together, the above results indicated that complexes Ir1 and Ir2 induce apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haimei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yichuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huiyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gong J, Shi T, Liu J, Pei Z, Liu J, Ren X, Li F, Qiu F. Dual-drug codelivery nanosystems: An emerging approach for overcoming cancer multidrug resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114505. [PMID: 36921532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) promotes tumor recurrence and metastasis and heavily reduces anticancer efficiency, which has become a primary reason for the failure of clinical chemotherapy. The mechanisms of MDR are so complex that conventional chemotherapy usually fails to achieve an ideal therapeutic effect and even accelerates the occurrence of MDR. In contrast, the combination of chemotherapy with dual-drug has significant advantages in tumor therapy. A novel dual-drug codelivery nanosystem, which combines dual-drug administration with nanotechnology, can overcome the application limitation of free drugs. Both the characteristics of nanoparticles and the synergistic effect of dual drugs contribute to circumventing various drug-resistant mechanisms in tumor cells. Therefore, developing dual-drug codelivery nanosystems with different multidrug-resistant mechanisms has an important reference value for reversing MDR and enhancing the clinical antitumor effect. In this review, the advantages, principles, and common codelivery nanocarriers in the application of dual-drug codelivery systems are summarized. The molecular mechanisms of MDR and the dual-drug codelivery nanosystems designed based on different mechanisms are mainly introduced. Meanwhile, the development prospects and challenges of codelivery nanosystems are also discussed, which provide guidelines to exploit optimized combined chemotherapy strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Gong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Taoran Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zerong Pei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fengyun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luo Q, Qiu L, Zhan K, Zeng L, Liao S, Li C, Mei Z, Lv L. Peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152002. [PMID: 36724637 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (PECR) encodes proteins related to fatty acid metabolism and synthesis. It has been confirmed that PECR has decreased expression in colon cancer and breast cancer, while the role of PECR in liver cancer is unknown. We aimed to study the role and mechanism of PECR in the genesis and development of liver cancer. METHODS In this study, the expression of PECR was queried in the Cancer Genome Atlas Database and Western Blotting and RT-PCR experiments were carried out in paired liver cancer tissues to detect the expression of PECR. Functional tests were evaluated by cell count kit-8 (CCK-8), Flow cytometry, wound healing assay, Transwell, migration. In vivo study, we constructed a nude mouse tumorigenic model to observe the effect of PECR on the proliferation of liver cancer. And the tumor body of the mouse was taken out for histochemistry (IHC). Multiple Cox regression was used to analyze the correlation between PECR and Clinicopathology. RESULTS We confirmed that the overexpression of PECR inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma and promoted the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The low expression group of PECR promoted the proliferation and metastasis of liver cancer. In vivo, overexpression of PECR inhibits the proliferation of mouse tumors. In addition, the mechanism study shows that PECR may indirectly affect the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through ERK pathway. CONCLUSION In general, PECR may be a new diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Liewang Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, PR China
| | - Ke Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Lu Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Shengtao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Z, Wang T, Chen X, Cheng J, Wang L. Pterostilbene regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer via targeting COX-2. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:106-119. [PMID: 35231150 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), occupying a great proportion of lung cancer, threatens the health of patients, and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is found to be upregulated in lung cancer. Pterostilbene (PTE) is perceived as a novel method for clinical therapy due to its high performance. However, the mechanism underlying and the interaction between PTE and COX-2 remain vague. We simulated radiation circumstances and transfected cells with the interference of PTE and COX-2. Our results showed that radiation or PTE treatment alone restrained cell proliferation and viability while stimulating cell apoptosis, and the above properties were strengthened when the two were in combination. The COX-2 expression was promoted by radiation but was reduced by PTE. PTE reversed the effects of radiation on the COX-2 expression. COX-2 knockdown suppressed COX-2 expression and proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of cells suffering radiation, while COX-2 overexpression reversed the inhibition of PTE. Our study suggested PTE regulated NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis via targeting COX-2, which might shed a light on cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Azadi S, Osanloo M, Zarenezhad E, Farjam M, Jalali A, Ghanbariasad A. Nano-scaled emulsion and nanogel containing Mentha pulegium essential oil: cytotoxicity on human melanoma cells and effects on apoptosis regulator genes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:6. [PMID: 36624422 PMCID: PMC9830879 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical drug delivery using nanoemulsions and nanogels is a promising approach to treating skin disorders such as melanoma. METHODS In this study, the chemical composition of Mentha pulegium essential oil with five major compounds, including pulegone (68.11%), l-menthone (8.83%), limonene (2.90%), iso-pulegone (2.69%), and iso-menthone (1.48%) was first identified using GC-MS (Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Afterward, a nano-scaled emulsion containing the essential oil with a droplet size of 7.70 ± 1 nm was prepared. Nanogel containing the essential oil was then prepared by adding (2% w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose to the nano-scaled emulsion. Moreover, the successful loading of M. pulegium essential oil in the nano-scaled emulsion and nanogel was confirmed using ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier Transform InfraRed) analysis. Then, human A375 melanoma cells were treated with different concentrations of samples, the MTT assay evaluated cell viability, and cell apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes, including Bax and Bcl-2, was evaluated using the qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. RESULTS The results showed that cell viability was reduced by 90 and 45% after treatment with 300 μg/mL of the nanogel and nano-scaled emulsion. As confirmed by flow cytometry, this effect was mediated by apoptosis. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 genes. Therefore, the prepared nanogel, with high efficacy, could be considered a potent anticancer agent for supplementary medicine and in vivo research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Azadi
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Osanloo
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Elham Zarenezhad
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Akram Jalali
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bou Malhab LJ, Alsafar H, Ibrahim S, Rahmani M. PROTACs: Walking through hematological malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1086946. [PMID: 36909156 PMCID: PMC9994433 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1086946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional small molecules that uses the proteasome ubiquitin system to target proteins of interest and promote their degradation with remarkable selectivity. Importantly, unlike conventional small molecule inhibitors, PROTACs have proven highly effective in targeting undruggable proteins and those bearing mutations. Because of these considerations, PROTACs have increasingly become an emerging technology for the development of novel targeted anticancer therapeutics. Interestingly, many PROTACs have demonstrated a great potency and specificity in degrading several oncogenic drivers. Many of these, following extensive preclinical evaluation, have reached advanced stages of clinical testing in various cancers including hematologic malignancies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the development of PROTACs as therapeutic strategies in diverse hematological malignancies. A particular attention has been given to clinically relevant PROTACs and those targeting oncogenic mutants that drive resistance to therapies. We also discus limitations, and various considerations to optimize the design for effective PROTACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara J Bou Malhab
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Rahmani
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chrysophanol-Induced Autophagy Disrupts Apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 59:medicina59010042. [PMID: 36676666 PMCID: PMC9864245 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Natural products are necessary sources for drug discovery and have contributed to cancer chemotherapy over the past few decades. Furthermore, substances derived from plants have fewer side effects. Chrysophanol is an anthraquinone derivative that is isolated from rhubarb. Although the anticancer effect of chrysophanol on several cancer cells has been reported, studies on the antitumor effect of chrysophanol on oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of chrysophanol on OSCC cells (CAL-27 and Ca9-22) via apoptosis and autophagy, among the cell death pathways. Results: It was found that chrysophanol inhibited the growth and viability of CAL-27 and Ca9-22 and induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. It was also found that chrysophanol activates autophagy-related factors (ATG5, beclin-1, and P62/SQSTM1) and LC3B conversion. That is, chrysophanol activated both apoptosis and autophagy. Here, we focused on the roles of chrysophanol-induced apoptosis and the autophagy pathway. When the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and PI3K/Akt inhibitor were used to inhibit the autophagy induced by chrysophanol, it was confirmed that the rate of apoptosis significantly increased. Therefore, we confirmed that chrysophanol induces apoptosis and autophagy at the same time, and the induced autophagy plays a role in interfering with apoptosis processes. Conclusions: Therefore, the potential of chrysophanol as an excellent anticancer agent in OSCC was confirmed via this study. Furthermore, the combined treatment of drugs that can inhibit chrysophanol-induced autophagy is expected to have a tremendous synergistic effect in overcoming oral cancer.
Collapse
|
28
|
Fortner A, Chera A, Tanca A, Bucur O. Apoptosis regulation by the tyrosine-protein kinase CSK. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1078180. [PMID: 36578781 PMCID: PMC9792154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1078180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) is a cytosolic tyrosine-protein kinase with an important role in regulating critical cellular decisions, such as cellular apoptosis, survival, proliferation, cytoskeletal organization and many others. Current knowledge on the CSK mechanisms of action, regulation and functions is still at an early stage, most of CSK's known actions and functions being mediated by the negative regulation of the SRC family of tyrosine kinases (SFKs) through phosphorylation. As SFKs play a vital role in apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival regulation, SFK inhibition by CSK has a pro-apoptotic effect, which is mediated by the inhibition of cellular signaling cascades controlled by SFKs, such as the MAPK/ERK, STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Abnormal functioning of CSK and SFK activation can lead to diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurological manifestations. This review describes apoptosis regulation by CSK, CSK inhibition of the SFKs and further explores the clinical relevance of CSK in important pathologies, such as cancer, autoimmune, autoinflammatory, neurologic diseases, hypertension and HIV/AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andra Fortner
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chera
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antoanela Tanca
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,*Correspondence: Octavian Bucur, ; Antoanela Tanca,
| | - Octavian Bucur
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Viron Molecular Medicine Institute, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Octavian Bucur, ; Antoanela Tanca,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haider T, Soni V. “Response surface methodology and artificial neural network-based modeling and optimization of phosphatidylserine targeted nanocarriers for effective treatment of cancer: In vitro and in silico studies”. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
30
|
Haider T, Pandey V, Behera C, Kumar P, Gupta PN, Soni V. Nisin and nisin-loaded nanoparticles: a cytotoxicity investigation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:310-321. [PMID: 35938875 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2111438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nisin is an antibacterial peptide with anticancer properties, but the main drawback is its rapid enzymatic degradation and limited permeation across the cell membrane. This research aims to to overcome these drawbacks by developing nisin-loaded nanoparticles with improved cytotoxic effects. SIGNIFICANCE PLGA nanoparticles are one of the most effective biodegradable and biocompatible drug delivery carriers. In the present study, nisin-loaded nanoparticles showed enhanced anticancer effects. METHODS NPN was prepared by a double emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized for different parameters. The cytotoxic investigation of NPN was carried out on various cell lines, including A549, SW-620, HT-29, PC-3, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, MiaPaca-2, and fR2 by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Mechanistic investigation of cellular cytotoxicity was performed by using bright-field microscopy, DAPI staining, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and western blotting. A comparative cytotoxicity study of nisin and NPN was performed on normal breast epithelial cells (fR-2). RESULTS NPN showed spherical shape, 289.09 ± 3.63 nm particle size, and 63.37 ± 3.12% entrapment efficiency. NPN was more cytotoxic to the MDA-MB-231 cell line, showing higher nuclear fragmentation, ROS generation, and depletion of ΔΨm like apoptosis signs compared to nisin and with no cytotoxicity on normal cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that nisin delivery via PLGA nanoparticles can be used to treat cancer without significant effects on healthy cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India-470003
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India-470003
| | - Chittaranjan Behera
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, India-180001
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, India-180001
| | - Vandana Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India-470003
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang Y, Chen M, Qiu Y, Li X, Huang Y, Zhang W. The Apelin/APLNR system modulates tumor immune response by reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Gene X 2022; 834:146564. [PMID: 35598689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of the Apelin receptor (APLNR), a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, which is widely distributed in human tissue. The Apelin/APLNR system is involved in regulating several physiological and pathological processes. The Apelin expression is increased in a variety of cancer and the Apelin/APLNR system could regulate the development of tumors through mediating autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and other biological processes to regulate tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The Apelin/APLNR system also participates in immune response and immune regulation through PI3K-Akt, ERK-MAPK, and other signal pathways. The latest research points out that there is a negative regulatory relationship between APLNR and immune checkpoint PD-L1. In this review, we outline the significance of the Apelin/APLNR signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and its immune regulation. These endeavors provide new insights into the translational application of Apelin/APLNR in cancer and may contribute to the promotion of more effective treatments for cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Yanbing Qiu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Yumei Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ivanov V, Yeh SP, Mayer J, Saini L, Unal A, Boyiadzis M, Hoffman DM, Kang K, Addo SN, Mendes WL, Fathi AT. Design of the VIALE-M phase III trial of venetoclax and oral azacitidine maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2879-2889. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of relapse is a major therapeutic challenge and an unmet need for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Venetoclax is a highly selective, potent, oral BCL-2 inhibitor that induces apoptosis in AML cells. When combined with azacitidine, it leads to prolonged overall survival and rapid, durable remissions in treatment-naive AML patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. VIALE-M is a randomized, double-blind, two-arm study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of venetoclax in combination with oral azacitidine (CC-486) as maintenance therapy in patients in complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery after intensive induction and consolidation therapies. The primary end point is relapse-free survival. Secondary outcomes include overall survival, minimal residual disease conversion and improvement in quality-of-life. Trial registration number: NCT04102020 ( ClinicalTrials.gov )
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ivanov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Su-Peng Yeh
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Fakultni Nemocnice Brno & Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Ali Unal
- Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amir T Fathi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen J, Huang J, Liao Y, Zhu L, Cai H. Identify Multiple Gene-Drug Common Modules Via Constrained Graph Matching. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022; 26:4794-4805. [PMID: 35788454 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3188503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Identifying gene-drug interactions is vital to understanding biological mechanisms and achieving precise drug repurposing. High-throughput technologies produce a large amount of pharmacological and genomic data, providing an opportunity to explore the associations between oncogenic genes and therapeutic drugs. However, most studies only focus on "one-to-one" or "one-to-many" interactions, ignoring the multivariate patterns between genes and drugs. In this article, a high-order graph matching model with hypergraph constraints is proposed to discover the gene-drug common regulatory modules. Moreover, the prior knowledge is formulated into hypergraph constraints to reveal their multiple correspondences, penalizing the tensor matching process. The experimental results on the synthetic data demonstrate the proposed model is robust to noise contamination and outlier corruption, achieving a better performance than four state-of-the-art methods. We then evaluate the statistical power of our proposed method on the pharmacogenomics data. Our identified gene-drug common modules not only show significantly enriched pathways associated with cancer but also manifest the highly close gene-drug interactions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Effects of Black Rice Leaf on the Proliferation of Human Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7270782. [PMID: 35726317 PMCID: PMC9206558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7270782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of black rice, well-known as postharvest agricultural waste, contain a rich source of antioxidants with multiple benefits for human health. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from black rice leaf was separated into five subfractions using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated. The results revealed that among all the subfractions, subfraction 5 (Sub5) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid values. The antioxidant activity was also superior in Sub5 (the IC50 values are 3.23, 31.95, and 72.74 μg/mL, in the DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays, respectively) compared to the other subfractions. All subfractions, in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cells, especially the Sub5. Thus, Sub5 was employed to conduct the cell cycle and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Sub5 significantly increased the accumulation of cells at the Sub-G1 phase in HepG2 cells (44.5%, at 48 h). Furthermore, it could trigger annexin V-detected apoptosis through mitochondrial and death receptor pathways accompanied by the suppression of PI3K/Akt and Erk signaling pathways. In addition, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS was conducted to characterize the bioactive constituents in the most potent antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing subfraction. Conclusively, Sub5 may have high potential as functional dietary supplements to inhibit the development of HepG2 liver cancer.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ding W, Chen C, Li J, Geng X, Zhang H, Sun Y. Quercus acutissima Carruth. root extract triggers apoptosis, autophagy and inhibits cell viability in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115039. [PMID: 35092826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bark of Quercus acutissima Carruth. (QA) has long been used by Chinese people to treat noncancerous growths and cancerous ailments. It was traditionally used by Chinese folk to inhibit tumor proliferation in cancerous treatment, but the specific mechanism remain to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the anticancer activities of QA root extract and its regulatory pathways in two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SUM159). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried QA root barks were extracted by ethanol and used to treat human breast cancer MCF-7 and SUM159 cells with varying concentrations. The CCK-8 assay, Hoechst 33342 staining assay and wound healing assay were used to detect the cell proliferation, apoptotic cell morphology, and cell migration in each group, respectively. Caspase 3 activity assay kit was used to determine caspase 3 activity. Western blot was used to measure proteins expression level in apoptosis and autophagy pathways (Bcl-W, caspase 3, Beclin1, LC3 and Atg5). LC-MS was performed to determine the chemical components in QA root extract. RESULTS CCK-8 assay showed that QA root extract significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation in breast cancer cells by a concentration-dependent manner. Cell wound healing assay indicated that it had high suppression ability on cell migration both in MCF-7 and SUM159 cells. QA root extract treatment induced the morphological and nuclear structural changes in breast cancer cells including rounded appearance and shrunken nucleus with several nuclear body fragments. Western blot indicated that QA root extract induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating caspase 3 and down-regulating Bcl-W. Moreover, QA root extract up-regulated Beclin1 and Atg5, and activated LC3 in two human breast cancer cell lines. LC-MS results showed that QA root extract contains high content of bioactive compounds like coumarins and derivatives, prenol lipids, flavonoids and tannins. CONCLUSIONS QA root extract inhibited cell proliferation and migration in MCF-7 and SUM159 cells, and it also induced cell morphology changes and regulated mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death and autophagic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Xuexia Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China.
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
BRCA mutations lead to XIAP overexpression and sensitise ovarian cancer to inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family inhibitors. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:488-499. [PMID: 35501389 PMCID: PMC9345958 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We tested the hypothesis that inhibitor of apoptosis family (IAP) proteins may be altered in BRCA1-mutated ovarian cancers and that could affect the sensitivity to IAP inhibitors. Methods The levels of IAP proteins were evaluated in human cancers and cell lines. Cell lines were used to determine the effects of IAP inhibitors. The in vivo effects of treatments were evaluated in PDX mouse models. Results Expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is increased in BRCA1-mutated cancers and high levels are associated with improved patient outcomes after platinum chemotherapy. XIAP overexpression is mediated by NF-kB activation and is associated with an optimisation of PARP. BRCA1-mutated cell lines are particularly sensitive to IAP inhibitors due to an inhibitory effect on PARP. Both a BRCA1-mutated cell line with acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors and one with restored BRCA1 remain sensitive to IAP inhibitors. Treatment with IAP inhibitors restores the efficacy of PARP inhibition in these cell lines. The IAP inhibitor LCL161 alone and in combination with a PARP inhibitor, exhibited antitumour effects in PDX mouse models of resistant BRCA2 and 1-mutated ovarian cancer, respectively. Conclusion A clinical trial may be justified to further investigate the utility of IAP inhibitors.
Collapse
|
37
|
Li JJ, Wang CM, Wang YJ, Yang Q, Cai WY, Li YJ, Song M, Zang YL, Cui XH, Li Q, Chen Y, Weng XG, Zhu XX. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of Shenlian extract on myocardial ischemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114973. [PMID: 34990768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenlian extract (SL), extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, has been proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Recently, we have partially elucidated the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of SL on myocardial ischemia (MI). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the potential molecular mechanism of SL on MI on the basis of network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the main active ingredients of SL were screened in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database, and the MI-associated targets were collected from the DisGeNET database. Then, we used compound-target and target-pathway networks to uncover the therapeutic mechanisms of SL. On the basis of network pharmacology analysis results, we assessed the effects of SL in MI rat model and oxygen glucose deprivation model of H9c2 cells and validated the possible molecular mechanisms of SL on myocardial injury in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The network pharmacology results showed that 37 potential targets were recognized, including TNF-α, Bcl-2, STAT3, PI3K and MMP2. These results revealed that the possible targets of SL were involved in the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis signaling pathway. Then, in vivo experiments indicated that SL significantly reduced the myocardial infarction size of MI rats. Serum CK-MB, cTnT, CK, LDH, and AST levels were significantly decreased by SL (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In vitro, SL significantly increased H9c2 cell viability. The levels of inflammation factors including TNF-α and MMP2 were significantly decreased by SL (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). TUNEL and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays indicated that SL could significantly decrease the cell apoptotic rate in vivo and in vitro (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The remarkable upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein level further confirmed this result. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the PI3K-AKT and JAK2-STAT3 pathways were significantly enriched in SL. Compared with the model group, SL treatment significantly activated the PI3K-AKT and JAK2-STAT3 pathways in vivo and in vitro according to Western blot analyses. CONCLUSION SL could protect the myocardium from MI injury. The underlying mechanism may be related to the reduction of inflammation and apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chun-Miao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei-Yan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuan-Long Zang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xi-He Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Salehi M, Piri H, Farasat A, Pakbin B, Gheibi N. Activation of apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest along with inhibition of melanogenesis by humic acid and fulvic acid: BAX/BCL-2 and Tyr genes expression and evaluation of nanomechanical properties in A375 human melanoma cell line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:489-496. [PMID: 35656077 PMCID: PMC9150800 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.60651.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Humic acid (HA) and Fulvic acid (FA) are major members of humic substances, which are extracted from organic sources including soil and peat. The pro-apoptotic and anti-melanogenic effects of HA and FA at the cellular and molecular levels in the A375 human melanoma cell line were examined in this study. Materials and Methods The cytotoxicity effect of HA and FA were evaluated by cell viability assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were investigated by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was carried out to measure the expression of BAX, BCL-2, and Tyr genes. Moreover, the changes in nanomechanical properties were determined through atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results It was found that HA and FA decrease cell viability with an IC50 value of 50 µg/ml (dose-dependent) for 14 hr, arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase, and increased the sub-G1 phase (induce apoptosis). Based on the AFM analysis, Young's modulus and adhesion force values were increased, also ultrastructural characteristics of cells were changed. Results of Real-time PCR revealed that HA and FA lead to a decrease in the expressions of BCL-2 and Tyr genes, and increase the BAX gene expression. Conclusion These results exhibited that HA and FA possess pro-apoptotic effects through increasing the BAX/ BCL-2 expression in A375 cells. These molecular reports were confirmed by cellular nanomechanical assessments using AFM and flow cytometry. In addition, HA and FA inhibited melanogenesis by decreasing the expression of the Tyr gene. It is worthwhile to note that, HA and FA can be regarded to design new anti-cancer and anti-melanogenesis products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hossein Piri
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,Corresponding authors: Hossein Piri. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. ; Nematollah Gheibi. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Tel: +98-2813330534; Fax: +98-2813324970; ;
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Babak Pakbin
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,Corresponding authors: Hossein Piri. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. ; Nematollah Gheibi. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. Tel: +98-2813330534; Fax: +98-2813324970; ;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Park S, Kim J, Cho Y, Ahn S, Kim G, Hwang D, Chang Y, Ha S, Choi Y, Lee MH, Han H, Kim S, Kim SI, Lee H. Promotion of tumorigenesis by miR-1260b targeting CAPS8: Potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2097-2108. [PMID: 35325509 PMCID: PMC9207358 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. miR‐1260b is identified as a tumor‐associated noncoding microRNA in other cancers, although the role of miR‐1260b and its clinical relevance in breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, miR‐1260b as a potential prognostic biomarker was observed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in 102 breast tumor tissues. The tumorigenic role of miR‐1260b in terms of proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of breast cancer cells was investigated using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays in vitro. Additionally, the potential early diagnosis and treatment monitoring marker of miR‐1260b was validated in 129 plasma samples. We found that high miR‐1260b expression was markedly associated with bulky tumor size, advanced stage, and lymph node invasion. Particularly, the high–miR‐1260b‐expression group showed shorter overall survival than the low–miR‐1260b‐expression group. The inhibition of oncogenic miR‐1260b induced apoptosis and decreased migration and invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. CASP8 was revealed as a direct target gene of miR‐1260b, which is closely related to apoptosis. Furthermore, miR‐1260b expression levels in plasma were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls. The patients who tested positive for miR‐1260b showed 16.3‐ and 18.2‐fold higher risks in the early stage and locally advanced stage, respectively, compared with healthy controls, and the risk was decreased 6.2‐fold after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Taken together, miR‐1260b may be a potential novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.,Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geehyuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.,Division of Public Health Emergency & Bioterrorism, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Chang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmok Ha
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Songho College, Hoengseong, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.,Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Hyunju Han
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Park SC, Heo H, Jang MK. Polyethylenimine grafted-chitosan based Gambogic acid copolymers for targeting cancer cells overexpressing transferrin receptors. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118755. [PMID: 34893210 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in gene delivery systems that specifically target a variety of cancer types have increased demand for tissue-specific gene therapy. The current study describes the synthesis of a copolymer (GPgWSC) composed of a polyethylenimine (PEI)-grafted water-soluble chitosan (WSC) and gambogic acid (GA). It was validated as a ligand capable of enabling targeted attachment to transferrin receptors in HCT116 cancer cell lines. GPgWSC demonstrated superior antitumor activity in vitro in HCT116 compared to LoVo or MCF-7 cell lines, facilitated by the apoptotic activity of psiRNA-hBCL2. Pre-incubation of transferrin significantly inhibited GFP expression in the GPgWSC polyplex, demonstrating that GA is an extremely effective transferrin receptor targeting molecule. Additionally, in the HCT116-bearing mouse model, the tumor mass of PBS-treated mice increased to 2270 mm2 after 22 days, but the injection of GPgWSC polyplex significantly reduced the mass-increasing rate as a mass size of 248 mm2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hun Heo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Panax notoginseng saponins induce apoptosis in retinoblastoma Y79 cells via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
42
|
Chen L, Shi H, Wang X, Wang T, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhang W, Chen H, Zhong M, Mao X, Shi X, Li Q. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G) is correlated with poor prognosis and promotes tumor cell growth by inhibiting caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 916:174727. [PMID: 34965388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G), a member of orphan nuclear receptors, is up-regulated and functions as an oncoprotein in a variety of tumors. Recent advances in understanding the biologic function and action mechanism of HNF4G in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we observed that HNF4G expression levels were significantly increased in CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and HNF4G overexpression correlated with worse prognosis in colorectal cancer. Transfection with a small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting HNF4G in HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro. In contrast, overexpression of HNF4G increased cell proliferation and decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Moreover, we discovered that HNF4G was involved in CRC cell apoptosis via the caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway. Finally, knockdown of HNF4G expression led to attenuated colorectal cancer growth and promoted apoptosis in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, these results indicate that HNF4G exerts as an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer and provides a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huanying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingkang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Qunyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gunathilaka TL, Dilrangi KH, Ranasinghe P, Samarakoon KW, Peiris LDC. Mechanistic Insight into Apoptotic Induction in Human Rhabdomyosarcoma and Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells by Chnoospora minima: A Sri Lankan Brown Seaweed. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1154. [PMID: 34832937 PMCID: PMC8622854 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study determined the cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of the polyphenol-rich methanol extract of Chnoospora minima (C. minima) and its fractions against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells. MTT and neutral red assays were used to determine cytotoxicity. The clonogenic assay evaluated the antineoplastic activity, while the apoptotic activity was determined by cellular morphological changes, caspase 3/7 activity, and DNA fragmentation. Morphological alterations in apoptosis were observed by an inverted phase-contrast microscope and Hoechst 33342 staining methods. The total phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidant activity in the hexane and chloroform fractions were determined, based on their cytotoxic activity. The hexane fraction of C. minima effectively reduced the cell growth that is concentration-dependent in human RMS and MCF-7 cell lines. It also exhibited low cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The characteristic cellular and nuclear apoptotic morphological features were observed. A noticeable caspase 3/7 activation and the fragmented DNA were detected only in the hexane fraction treated RMS cells, whereas MCF-7 cells showed low caspase 3/7 activation due to a lack of caspase 3 and no evidence of having a typical ladder pattern of apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that the hexane fraction-treated RMS cells upregulated the p53 gene twofold (2.72) compared to the p21 (0.77) gene, whereas in the MCF-7 cells, a 2.21-fold upregulation of p53 was observed compared to the p21 (0.64) gene. The hexane fraction exhibited moderate total phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids content, and antioxidant activity. According to the different antioxidant mechanisms, hexane and chloroform fractions showed the highest antioxidant activities by FRAP and ORAC assays, respectively. GC-MS analysis of hexane fraction revealed the presence of methyl tetradecanoate (38.314%) as the most abundant compound. The study's findings highlighted that the non-polar compounds present in the hexane fraction of C. minima suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis-mediated cell death in RMS and MCF-7 cells, mainly via the activation of the p53 gene. Hence, the isolation of compounds is warranted. However, more studies are required to understand the mechanistic insights of these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilina Lakmini Gunathilaka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (T.L.G.); (K.H.D.)
| | - Kulathungage Hiranthi Dilrangi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (T.L.G.); (K.H.D.)
| | | | - Kalpa W. Samarakoon
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
| | - L. Dinithi C. Peiris
- Department of Zoology/Genetics & Molecular Biology Unit (Center for Biotechnology), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li C, Zhang D, Tian S. Clinical significance of microRNA-1180-3p for colorectal cancer and effect of its alteration on cell function. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10491-10500. [PMID: 34723759 PMCID: PMC8810127 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An early diagnosis and effective prognostic factors would greatly reduce the mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC). This research is intended to complete the evaluation of the prognostic value and potential role of miR-1180-3p in CRC. The miR-1180-3p levels were reduced in CRC patients’ tissues, blood, and human CRC cell lines. The ability of miR-1180-3p was explored in discrimination of CRC patients and healths and the value in overall survival estimate. The effect of miR-1180-3p dysregulation on the CRC cellular function was investigated. miR-1180-3p is downregulated in CRC tissues, blood and cells than normal ones. This lower expression was correlated with vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. With the use of ROC curve, miR-1180-3p showed discriminating ability in CRC patients and healthy subjects. With the result of Kaplan–Meier analysis and multi-multivariate Cox analysis, miR-1180-3p was an independent predictor for CRC patients’ overall survival. Utilizing CCK-8, Transwell and matrigel assays, overexpression of miR-1180-3p reduced cancer cell proliferation and mobility, but induced apoptosis, by targeting COL12A1. miR-1180-3p might function as a suppressor in CRC progression and allowed the discovery of a new biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy target for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Shandong, 266300, China
| | - Dewei Zhang
- Department of 3rd General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, China
| | - Shoujin Tian
- Department of General Gastroenterology, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Shandong, 262200, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen C, Ding W, Li J, Geng X, Zhang H, Sun Y. The anticancer activity of root extract from Quercus acutissima Carruth. Via regulating apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021:114730. [PMID: 34634366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bark of Quercus acutissima Carruth. (QA) has long been used by Chinese people to treat noncancerous growths and cancerous ailments. It was traditionally used by Chinese folk to inhibit tumor proliferation in cancerous treatment, but the specific mechanism remain to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and the leading cause of mortality around the globe. This study investigated the anticancer activities of QA root extract and its regulatory pathways in two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SUM159). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried QA root barks were extracted by ethanol and used to treat human breast cancer MCF-7 and SUM159 cells with varying concentrations. The CCK-8 assay, Hoechst 33342 staining assay and wound healing assay were used to detect the cell proliferation, apoptotic cell morphology, and cell migration in each group, respectively. Caspase 3 activity assay kit was used to determine caspase 3 activity. Western blot was used to measure proteins expression level in apoptosis and autophagy pathways (Bcl-W, caspase 3, Beclin1, LC3 and Atg5). RESULTS CCK-8 assay showed that QA root extract significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation in breast cancer cells by a hormone receptor independent manner. Cell wound healing assay indicated that it had high suppression ability on cell migration both in MCF-7 and SUM159 cells. QA root extract treatment induced the morphological and nuclear structural changes in breast cancer cells including rounded appearance and shrunken nucleus with several nuclear body fragments. Western blot indicated that QA root extract induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating caspase 3 and down-regulating Bcl-W. Moreover, QA root extract up-regulated Beclin1 and Atg5, and activated LC3 in two human breast cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS QA root extract inhibited cell proliferation and migration in MCF-7 and SUM159 cells, and it also induced cell morphology changes and regulated mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death and autophagic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Wenjing Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Xuexia Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China.
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yue TT, Zhang N, Li JH, Lu XY, Wang XC, Li X, Zhang HB, Cheng SQ, Wang BB, Gong PT, Zhang XC. Anti-osteosarcoma effect of antiserum against cross antigen TPD52 between osteosarcoma and Trichinella spiralis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:498. [PMID: 34565443 PMCID: PMC8474799 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a parasite occurring worldwide that has been proven to have antitumour ability. However, studies on the antitumour effects of cross antigens between the tumour and T. spiralis or antibodies against cross antigens between tumours and T. spiralis are rare. METHODS To study the role of cross antigens between osteosarcoma and T. spiralis, we first screened the cDNA expression library of T. spiralis muscle larvae to obtain the cross antigen gene tumour protein D52 (TPD52), and prepared fusion protein TPD52 and its antiserum. The anti-osteosarcoma effect of the anti-TPD52 antiserum was studied using cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays as well as in vivo animal models; preliminary data on the mechanism were obtained using western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS Our results indicated that TPD52 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of MG-63 cells. Anti-TPD52 antiserum inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells and the growth of osteosarcoma in a dose-dependent manner. The tumour inhibition rate in the 100 μg treatment group was 61.95%. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that injection of anti-TPD52 antiserum increased the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 in nude mice. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed that anti-TPD52 antiserum did not cause significant pathological damage. Apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells was induced by anti-TPD52 antiserum in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TPD52 antiserum exerts an anti-osteosarcoma effect by inducing apoptosis without causing histopathological damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiao-Cen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shu-Qin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Bo-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Peng-Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sopha P, Phutubtim N, Chantrathonkul B, Ploypradith P, Ruchirawat S, Chittchang M. Roles of autophagy in relation to mitochondrial stress responses of HeLa cells to lamellarin cytotoxicity. Toxicology 2021; 462:152963. [PMID: 34560126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a promising class of bioactive marine pyrrole alkaloids, lamellarins reportedly act on multiple targets to suppress the vitality of various cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing their cytotoxicity is still in demand. Here we report that while activating intrinsic apoptosis, up to 5 μM of lamellarins and their lactam-containing analogs, azalamellarins, also induced mitochondrial stress responses and autophagy in HeLa cervical cancer cells. Detailed characterization of the mitochondria in the treated cells revealed shifted abundance of the two optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1) isoforms, disturbed morphology, and dissipated membrane potential, leading to PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) accumulation as a molecular signature of mitophagy. Furthermore, an acute treatment with lamellarins also modulated cellular autophagy flux as evidenced by elevated LC3-II levels, LC3 puncta formation, and p62 degradation. Surprisingly, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based suppression of autophagy transiently affected the number of apoptotic cells induced by these compounds. Our findings illustrate the potential of these alkaloids for further development into prospective anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawut Sopha
- Program in Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; The Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Nadgrita Phutubtim
- Program in Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Research Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Bunkuea Chantrathonkul
- Research Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; The Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Research Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; The Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Research Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Montakarn Chittchang
- The Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Research Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Synthesis of chalcones derived from 1-naphthylacetophenone and evaluation of their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in acute leukemia cell lines. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105315. [PMID: 34496319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones and their derivatives have been described as promising compounds with antiproliferative activity against leukemic cells. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of three synthetic chalcones derived from 1-naphthylacetophenone (F07, F09, and F10) in acute leukemia cell lines (K562 and Jurkat) and examine the mechanisms of cell death induced by these compounds. The three compounds were cytotoxic to K562 and Jurkat cells, with IC50 values ranging from 1.03 to 31.66 µM. Chalcones induced intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, resulting in activation of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. F07, F09, and F10 were not cytotoxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, did not produce any significant hemolytic activity, and did not affect platelet aggregation after ADP stimulation. These results, combined with calculations of molecular properties, suggest that chalcones F07, F09, and F10 are promising molecules for the development of novel antileukemic drugs.
Collapse
|
49
|
Apoptosis Deregulation and the Development of Cancer Multi-Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174363. [PMID: 34503172 PMCID: PMC8430856 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite recent therapeutic advances against cancer, many patients do not respond well or respond poorly, to treatment and develop resistance to more than one anti-cancer drug, a term called multi-drug resistance (MDR). One of the main factors that contribute to MDR is the deregulation of apoptosis or programmed cell death. Herein, we describe the major apoptotic pathways and discuss how pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins are modified in cancer cells to convey drug resistance. We also focus on our current understanding related to the interactions between survival and cell death pathways, as well as on mechanisms underlying the balance shift towards cancer cell growth and drug resistance. Moreover, we highlight the role of the tumor microenvironment components in blocking apoptosis in MDR tumors, and we discuss the significance and potential exploitation of epigenetic modifications for cancer treatment. Finally, we summarize the current and future therapeutic approaches for overcoming MDR. Abstract The ability of tumor cells to evade apoptosis is established as one of the hallmarks of cancer. The deregulation of apoptotic pathways conveys a survival advantage enabling cancer cells to develop multi-drug resistance (MDR), a complex tumor phenotype referring to concurrent resistance toward agents with different function and/or structure. Proteins implicated in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, including the Bcl-2 superfamily and Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAP) family members, as well as their regulator, tumor suppressor p53, have been implicated in the development of MDR in many cancer types. The PI3K/AKT pathway is pivotal in promoting survival and proliferation and is often overactive in MDR tumors. In addition, the tumor microenvironment, particularly factors secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts, can inhibit apoptosis in cancer cells and reduce the effectiveness of different anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we describe the main alterations that occur in apoptosis-and related pathways to promote MDR. We also summarize the main therapeutic approaches against resistant tumors, including agents targeting Bcl-2 family members, small molecule inhibitors against IAPs or AKT and agents of natural origin that may be used as monotherapy or in combination with conventional therapeutics. Finally, we highlight the potential of therapeutic exploitation of epigenetic modifications to reverse the MDR phenotype.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
α-Mangostin is a xanthone natural product isolated as a secondary metabolite from the mangosteen tree. It has attracted a great deal of attention due to its wide-ranging effects on certain biological activity, such as apoptosis, tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, inflammation, oxidation, bacterial growth and metabolism. This review focuses on the key pathways directly affected by α-mangostin and how this varies between disease states. Insight is also provided, where investigated, into the key structural features of α-mangostin that produce these biological effects. The review then sheds light on the utility of α-mangostin as a investigational tool for certain diseases and demonstrate how future derivatives may increase selectivity and potency for specific disease states.
Collapse
|