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Panetta A, Lopes P, Novaes TF, Rio R, Fernandes GVO, Mello-Moura ACV. Evaluating Glass Ionomer Cement Longevity in the Primary and Permanent Teeth-An Umbrella Review. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:48. [PMID: 38391901 PMCID: PMC10890125 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this umbrella review was to evaluate the longevity of glass ionomer cement (GIC) as a restorative material for primary and permanent teeth. Research in the literature was conducted in three databases (MedLine/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). The inclusion criteria were: (1) to be a systematic review of clinical trials that (2) evaluated the clinical longevity of GICs as a restorative material in primary and/or permanent teeth; the exclusion criteria were: (1) not being a systematic review of clinical trials; (2) not evaluating longevity/clinical performance of GICs as a restorative material; and (3) studies of dental restorative materials in teeth with enamel alterations, root caries, and non-carious cervical lesions. Twenty-four eligible articles were identified, and 13 were included. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 6 years. Different types of GICs were evaluated in the included studies: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), compomers, and low- and high-viscosity glass ionomer cement. Some studies compared amalgam and composite resins to GICs regarding longevity/clinical performance. Analyzing the AMSTAR-2 results, none of the articles had positive criteria in all the evaluated requisites, and none of the articles had an a priori design. The criteria considered for the analysis of the risk of bias of the included studies were evaluated through the ROBIS tool, and the results of this analysis showed that seven studies had a low risk of bias; three studies had positive results in all criteria except for one criterion of unclear risk; and two studies showed a high risk of bias. GRADE tool was used to determine the quality of evidence; for the degree of recommendations, all studies were classified as Class II, meaning there was still conflicting evidence on the clinical performance/longevity of GICs and their recommendations compared to other materials. The level of evidence was classified as Level B, meaning that the data were obtained from less robust meta-analyses and single randomized clinical trials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first umbrella review approaching GIC in permanent teeth. GICs are a good choice in both dentitions, but primary dentition presents more evidence, especially regarding the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique. Within the limitation of this study, it is still questionable if GIC is a good restorative material in the medium/long term for permanent and primary dentition. Many of the included studies presented a high risk of bias and low quality. The techniques, type of GIC, type of cavity, and operator experience highly influence clinical performance. Thus, clinical decision-making should be based on the dental practitioner's ability, each case analysis, and the patient's wishes. More evidence is needed to determine which is the best material for definitive restorations in permanent and primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Panetta
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | | | - Rute Rio
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- A. T. Still University-Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Anna Carolina Volpi Mello-Moura
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
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Miletić I, Baraba A, Krmek SJ, Perić T, Marković D, Basso M, Ozkaya CA, Kemaloglu H, Turkun LS. Clinical performance of a glass-hybrid system in comparison with a resin composite in two-surface class II restorations: a 5-year randomised multi-centre study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:104. [PMID: 38243032 PMCID: PMC10799110 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 5-year clinical performance of a glass hybrid restorative system and a nano-hybrid resin composite in moderate to large two-surface class II cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out by dental schools in Zagreb, Croatia; Izmir, Turkey; Belgrade, Serbia; and Milan, Italy. A total of 180 patients requiring two class-II two-surface restorations in the molars of the same jaw were recruited. The teeth were randomly restored with either a nano-hybrid resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent) or a glass-hybrid material (EQUIA Forte, GC). During the 5-year follow-up, two calibrated evaluators at each centre scored the restorations annually using the FDI-2 scoring system. The survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using non-parametric matched pair tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the overall survival and success rates of the two types of restorations (p>0.05). The success rates (FDI-2 scores 1-3) for EQUIA Forte were 81.9% (average annual failure rate: 3.9%) and 90.7% for Tetric EvoCeram (average annual failure rate: 1.9%). The survival rates (FDI-2 scores 1-4) for EQUIA Forte and Tetric EvoCeram were 94.5% and 94.4%, respectively, with an average annual failure rate of 1.1%. CONCLUSIONS In terms of success and survival rates, both the glass-hybrid restorative system and the nano-hybrid resin composite have been shown to perform satisfactorily. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study indicate that EQUIA Forte can be one of the therapeutic options for moderate to large two-surface class II restorations of posterior teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Miletić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anja Baraba
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvana Jukić Krmek
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Perić
- Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 11, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dejan Marković
- Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 11, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Matteo Basso
- Center of Minimally Invasive, Aesthetic and Digital Oral Rehabilitation (CROMED), IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, University of Milan, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Cigdem Atalayin Ozkaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ege University School of Dentistry, Erzene Mah. Ankara Cad. No:172/109, 35040, Bornova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hande Kemaloglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ege University School of Dentistry, Erzene Mah. Ankara Cad. No:172/109, 35040, Bornova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Lezize Sebnem Turkun
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ege University School of Dentistry, Erzene Mah. Ankara Cad. No:172/109, 35040, Bornova/Izmir, Turkey
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Kantovitz KR, Carlos NR, Silva IAPS, Braido C, Costa BC, Kitagawa IL, Nociti-Jr FH, Basting RT, de Figueiredo FKP, Lisboa-Filho PN. TiO 2 nanotube-based nanotechnology applied to high-viscosity conventional glass-ionomer cement: ultrastructural analyses and physicochemical characterization. Odontology 2023; 111:916-928. [PMID: 36917400 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized TiO2 nanotube (TiO2-nt) ultrastructure and morphology, and the physicochemical impact on high-viscosity conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC). TiO2-nt was synthesized by the alkaline method (n = 3), assessed by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and was added (3%, 5%, 7%-in weight) to KM (Ketac Molar EasyMix™). Analyses included: SEM; Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN); Setting time with Gillmore needles (ST); Color (Co); Radiopacity (XR); Water sorption (WS); and solubility (SO). Quantitative data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (chr = 0.05). External and internal TiO2-nt diameters were 11 ± 2 nm and 6 ± 0 nm, respectively. Data analyses showed: (i) TiO2-nt present into KM matrix, with a concentration-dependent increase of Ti levels into KM, (ii) physical interaction between KM and TiO2-nt, (iii) longer initial ST for the 7% group compared to KM and 3% groups (p ≤ 0.01), (iv) decreased luminosity and yellowness for the 5% and 7% groups, (v) 36% greater radiopacity for the 5% group compared to enamel, dentin, and KM, and (vi) lower SO values for the 5% group, with no significant differences on WS across the groups. TiO2-nt displayed physical interaction with KM matrix, and also modified SO, XR and Co, without affecting ST. This study provides information on the potential impact of TiO2-nt on GIC performance. TiO2-nt may be proposed to boost confidence among dental surgeons in terms of GIC's handling characteristics, success rate and differential diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Russo Carlos
- Faculdade São Leopoldo, SLMANDIC, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Braido
- Pediatric Division, Department of Health Sciences, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carolina Costa
- Department of Physics, School of Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Lebedenco Kitagawa
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, IFSP, Birigui, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr
- Faculdade São Leopoldo, SLMANDIC, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Faculdade São Leopoldo, SLMANDIC, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
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Magalhães GDAP, Thomson JJ, Smoczer C, Young LA, Matos AO, Pacheco RR, Souza MT, Zanotto ED, Puppin Rontani RM. Effect of Biosilicate ® Addition on Physical-Mechanical and Biological Properties of Dental Glass Ionomer Cements. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:302. [PMID: 37367266 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of incorporating Biosilicate® on the physico-mechanical and biological properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC). This bioactive glass ceramic (23.75% Na2O, 23.75% CaO, 48.5% SiO2, and 4% P2O5) was incorporated by weight (5%, 10%, or 15%) into commercially available GICs (Maxxion R and Fuji IX GP). Surface characterization was made by SEM (n = 3), EDS (n = 3), and FTIR (n = 1). The setting and working (S/W time) times (n = 3) and compressive strength (CS) were analyzed (n = 10) according to ISO 9917-1:2007. The ion release (n = 6) was determined and quantified by ICP OES and by UV-Vis for Ca, Na, Al, Si, P, and F. To verify cell cytotoxicity, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) were exposed to eluates (n = 3, at a ratio of 1.8 cm2/mL) and analyzed 24 h post-exposure. Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175, NCTC 10449) was analyzed by direct contact for 2 h (n = 5). The data were submitted for normality and lognormality testing. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were applied for the working and setting time, compressive strength, and ion release data. Data from cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity were submitted for Kruskal-Wallis' testing and Dunn's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Among all experimental groups, only those with 5% (wt) of Biosilicate® showed better surface quality. Only M5% showed a comparable W/S time to the original material (p = 0.7254 and p = 0.5912). CS was maintained for all Maxxion R groups (p > 0.0001) and declined for Fuji IX experimental groups (p < 0.0001). The Na, Si, P, and F ions released were significantly increased for all Maxxion R and Fuji IX groups (p < 0.0001). Cytotoxicity was increased only for Maxxion R with 5% and 10% of Biosilicate®. A higher inhibition of S. mutans growth was observed for Maxxion R with 5% of Biosilicate® (less than 100 CFU/mL), followed by Maxxion R with 10% of Biosilicate® (p = 0.0053) and Maxxion R without the glass ceramic (p = 0.0093). Maxxion R and Fuji IX presented different behaviors regarding Biosilicate® incorporation. The impacts on physico-mechanical and biological properties were different depending on the GIC, but therapeutic ion release was increased for both materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Alencar Pinto Magalhães
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Pediatric Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Joshua J Thomson
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA
| | - Cristine Smoczer
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA
| | - Laura Ann Young
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA
| | - Adaias O Matos
- Division of Clinical Essentials and Simulation, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA
| | - Rafael Rocha Pacheco
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Maria Trevelin Souza
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Center for Research, Education and Technology in Vitreous Materials (CeRTEV), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Edgar Dutra Zanotto
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Center for Research, Education and Technology in Vitreous Materials (CeRTEV), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Puppin Rontani
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Pediatric Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
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Messer-Hannemann P, Samadi M, Böttcher H, Duy S, Duy D, Albrecht N, Schwendicke F, Effenberger S. Evaluation of a Method to Determine Wear Resistance of Class I Tooth Restorations during Cyclic Loading. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5440. [PMID: 35955375 PMCID: PMC9369466 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the development of a test regime to determine the wear resistance and predict the clinical performance of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations in Class I tooth cavities. Cavities were prepared in excised human teeth and restored using three conventional glass ionomer restorative materials: DeltaFil, Fuji IX GP and Ketac Universal. The restored teeth were mechanically and thermally stressed using a chewing simulator with a maximum number of 1,200,000 load cycles. Besides determining the number of cycles achieved, the abrasion volume after termination of the chewing simulation was calculated using µCT images. All teeth restored with DeltaFil reached 1,200,000 cycles without any restoration failure. Only 37.5% of the restorations each with Ketac Universal and Fuji IX GP were able to achieve the maximum cycle number. A significant lower abrasion volume for restorations with DeltaFil compared to Ketac Universal (p = 0.0099) and Fuji IX GP (p = 0.0005) was found. Laboratory chewing simulations are a useful tool to study basic wear mechanisms in a controlled setting with in-vivo related parameters. DeltaFil shows an improved wear resistance compared to other conventional GICs, indicating the high potential of this material for long-lasting Class I restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariam Samadi
- DMG Dental-Material Gesellschaft mbH, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Böttcher
- DMG Dental-Material Gesellschaft mbH, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Duy
- SD Mechatronik GmbH, 83620 Feldkirchen-Westerham, Germany
| | - Daniela Duy
- SD Mechatronik GmbH, 83620 Feldkirchen-Westerham, Germany
| | | | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Effenberger
- DMG Dental-Material Gesellschaft mbH, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
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Morselli D, Cataldi P, Paul UC, Ceseracciu L, Benitez JJ, Scarpellini A, Guzman-Puyol S, Heredia A, Valentini P, Pompa PP, Marrero-López D, Athanassiou A, Heredia-Guerrero JA. Zinc Polyaleuritate Ionomer Coatings as a Sustainable, Alternative Technology for Bisphenol A-Free Metal Packaging. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:15484-15495. [PMID: 34840919 PMCID: PMC8611806 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable coatings for metal food packaging were prepared from ZnO nanoparticles (obtained by the thermal decomposition of zinc acetate) and a naturally occurring polyhydroxylated fatty acid named aleuritic (or 9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic) acid. Both components reacted, originating under specific conditions zinc polyaleuritate ionomers. The polymerization of aleuritic acid into polyaleuritate by a solvent-free, melt polycondensation reaction was investigated at different times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min), temperatures (140, 160, 180, and 200 °C), and proportions of zinc oxide and aleuritic acid (0:100, 5:95, 10:90, and 50:50, w/w). Kinetic rate constants calculated by infrared spectroscopy decreased with the amount of Zn due to the consumption of reactive carboxyl groups, while the activation energy of the polymerization decreased as a consequence of the catalyst effect of the metal. The adhesion and hardness of coatings were determined from scratch tests, obtaining values similar to robust polymers with high adherence. Water contact angles were typical of hydrophobic materials with values ≥94°. Both mechanical properties and wettability were better than those of bisphenol A (BPA)-based resins and most likely are related to the low migration values determined using a hydrophilic food simulant. The presence of zinc provided a certain degree of antibacterial properties. The performance of the coatings against corrosion was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at different immersion times in an aqueous solution of NaCl. Considering the features of these biobased lacquers, they can be potential materials for bisphenol A-free metal packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Morselli
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Cataldi
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via G. Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Uttam Chandra Paul
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Ceseracciu
- Materials
Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Jose Jesus Benitez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad
de Sevilla, Americo Vespucio
49, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alice Scarpellini
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Susana Guzman-Puyol
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Instituto
de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La
Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (IHSM, UMA-CSIC), Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 49, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Heredia
- Departamento
de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea
“La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM, UMA-CSIC), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Paola Valentini
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostic, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions
& Nanodiagnostic, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - José Alejandro Heredia-Guerrero
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Instituto
de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La
Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (IHSM, UMA-CSIC), Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 49, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Amin F, Rahman S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Sefat F, Kumar N. Effect of Nanostructures on the Properties of Glass Ionomer Dental Restoratives/Cements: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6260. [PMID: 34771787 PMCID: PMC8584882 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overall perspective of nanotechnology and reinforcement of dental biomaterials by nanoparticles has been reported in the literature. However, the literature regarding the reinforcement of dental biomaterials after incorporating various nanostructures is sparse. The present review addresses current developments of glass ionomer cements (GICs) after incorporating various metallic, polymeric, inorganic and carbon-based nanostructures. In addition, types, applications, and implications of various nanostructures incorporated in GICs are discussed. Most of the attempts by researchers are based on the laboratory-based studies; hence, it warrants long-term clinical trials to aid the development of suitable materials for the load bearing posterior dentition. Nevertheless, a few meaningful conclusions are drawn from this substantial piece of work; they are as follows: (1) most of the nanostructures are likely to enhance the mechanical strength of GICs; (2) certain nanostructures improve the antibacterial activity of GICs against the cariogenic bacteria; (3) clinical translation of these promising outcomes are completely missing, and (4) the nanostructured modified GICs could perform better than their conventional counterparts in the load bearing posterior dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Amin
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Sehrish Rahman
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
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Meta-Analysis of In-Vitro Bonding of Glass-Ionomer Restorative Materials to Primary Teeth. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143915. [PMID: 34300834 PMCID: PMC8304208 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of primary teeth is among the main clinical applications of glass-ionomer cements (GIC). The aim of the study was to review and summarize existing evidence of in vitro bond strength of glass-ionomer (GI) restoratives to enamel and dentin of primary teeth. A literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases to identify studies published until April 2021. The search strategy was: (“glass”) and (“ionomer”) and (“primary” or “deciduous”) and (“bond” or “tensile” or “shear”). Two researchers independently retrieved articles that reported on the bond strength of GIC to primary dentin and/or enamel. The meta-analysis was performed to compare the bond strength values of conventional (C) GIC and resin-modified (RM) GIC to different substrates. From 831 potentially eligible articles, 30 were selected for the full-text examination, and 7 were included in the analysis. Studies were rated at high (3), medium (3), and low (1) risk of bias. RM-GIC showed higher bond strength to primary enamel and dentin compared to the C-GIC. Meta-analysis of in vitro studies, evaluating bonding properties of GI restoratives to primary teeth, suggests the superior performance of RM-GIC. However, there is a lack of studies that examine the properties of novel GI formulations.
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Wan Jusoh WN, Matori KA, Mohd Zaid MH, Zainuddin N, Ahmad Khiri MZ, Abdul Rahman NA, Abdul Jalil R, Kul E. Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite into Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Formulated Based on Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride Glass Ceramics from Waste Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040954. [PMID: 33670465 PMCID: PMC7923024 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a well-known restorative material applied in dentistry. The present work aims to study the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) addition into GIC based on physical, mechanical and structural properties. The utilization of waste materials namely clam shell (CS) and soda lime silica (SLS) glass as replacements for the respective CaO and SiO2 sources in the fabrication of alumino-silicate-fluoride (ASF) glass ceramics powder. GIC was formulated based on ASF glass ceramics, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and deionized water, while 1 wt.% of HA powder was added to enhance the properties of the cement samples. The cement samples were subjected to four different ageing times before being analyzed. In this study, the addition of HA caused an increment in density and compressive strength results along with ageing time. Besides, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) phase in HA-added GIC samples and it was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis which detected OH‒F vibration mode. In addition, needle-like and agglomeration of spherical shapes owned by apatite crystals were observed from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Based on Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, the detection of chemical elements in the cement samples were originated from chemical compounds used in the preparation of glass ceramics powder and also the polyacid utilized in initiating the reaction of GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nurshamimi Wan Jusoh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (W.N.W.J.); (M.H.M.Z.); (N.A.A.R.); (R.A.J.)
| | - Khamirul Amin Matori
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (W.N.W.J.); (M.H.M.Z.); (N.A.A.R.); (R.A.J.)
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-16-267-3321
| | - Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (W.N.W.J.); (M.H.M.Z.); (N.A.A.R.); (R.A.J.)
| | - Norhazlin Zainuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Zulhasif Ahmad Khiri
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nadia Asyikin Abdul Rahman
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (W.N.W.J.); (M.H.M.Z.); (N.A.A.R.); (R.A.J.)
| | - Rohaniah Abdul Jalil
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (W.N.W.J.); (M.H.M.Z.); (N.A.A.R.); (R.A.J.)
| | - Esra Kul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, 25030 Erzurum, Turkey;
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Effect on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Conventional Glass Ionomer Luting Cements by Incorporation of All-Ceramic Additives: An In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8896225. [PMID: 33061975 PMCID: PMC7545438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8896225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are commonly used for cementation of indirect restorations. However, one of their main drawbacks is their inferior mechanical properties. Aim Compositional modification of conventional glass ionomer luting cements by incorporating two types of all-ceramic powders in varying concentrations and evaluation of their film thickness, setting time, and strength. Material & Methods. Experimental GICs were prepared by adding different concentrations of two all-ceramic powders (5%, 10, and 15% by weight) to the powder of the glass ionomer luting cements, and their setting time, film thickness, and compressive strength were determined. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis was done to evaluate the kinetics of the setting reaction of the samples. The average particle size of the all-ceramic and glass ionomer powders was determined with the help of a particle size analyzer. Results A significant increase in strength was observed in experimental GICs containing 10% all-ceramic powders. The experimental GICs with 5% all-ceramic powders showed no improvement in strength, whereas those containing 15% all-ceramic powders exhibited a marked decrease in strength. Setting time of all experimental GICs progressively increased with increasing concentration of all-ceramic powders. Film thickness of all experimental GICs was much higher than the recommended value for clinical application. Conclusion 10% concentration of the two all-ceramic powders can be regarded as the optimal concentration for enhancing the glass ionomer luting cements' strength. There was a significant increase in the setting time at this concentration, but it was within the limit specified by ISO 9917–1:2007 specifications for powder/liquid acid-base dental cements. Reducing the particle size of the all-ceramic powders may help in decreasing the film thickness, which is an essential parameter for the clinical performance of any luting cement.
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Siew Ching H, Thirumulu Ponnuraj K, Luddin N, Ab Rahman I, Nik Abdul Ghani NR. Early Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Treated with Nanohydroxyapatite-Silica-Glass Ionomer Cement. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092125. [PMID: 32957636 PMCID: PMC7569887 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanohydroxyapatite–silica–glass ionomer cement (nanoHA–silica–GIC) on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into odontogenic lineage. DPSCs were cultured in complete Minimum Essential Medium Eagle—Alpha Modification (α-MEM) with or without nanoHA–silica–GIC extract and conventional glass ionomer cement (cGIC) extract. Odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT–PCR) for odontogenic markers: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL1A1), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) on day 1, 7, 10, 14, and 21, which were normalized to the house keeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Untreated DPSCs were used as a control throughout the study. The expressions of DSPP and DMP1 were higher on days 7 and 10, that of OCN on day 10, those of OPN and ALP on day 14, and that of RUNX2 on day 1; COL1A1 exhibited a time-dependent increase from day 7 to day 14. Despite the above time-dependent variations, the expressions were comparable at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL between the nanoHA–silica–GIC and cGIC groups. This offers empirical support that nanoHA–silica–GIC plays a role in the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hii Siew Ching
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
| | - Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-97675847
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
| | - Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
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Panpisut P, Monmaturapoj N, Srion A, Toneluck A, Phantumvanit P. Physical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Pre-Reacted Spherical Glass Fillers. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:445-452. [PMID: 32901723 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202003276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different commercial liquid phases (Ketac, Riva, and Fuji IX) and the use of spherical pre-reacted glass (SPG) fillers on cement maturation, fluoride release, compressive (CS) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of experimental glass ionomer cements (GICs). The experimental GICs (Ketac_M, Riva_M, FujiIX_M) were prepared by mixing SPG fillers with commercial liquid phases using the powder to liquid mass ratio of 2.5:1. FTIR-ATR was used to assess the maturation of GICs. Diffusion coefficient of fluoride (DF) and cumulative fluoride release (CF) in deionized water was determined using the fluoride ion specific electrode (n=3). CS and BFS at 24 h were also tested (n=6). Commercial GICs were used as comparisons. Riva and Riva_M exhibited rapid polyacrylate salt formation. The highest DF and CF were observed with Riva_M (1.65x10-9 cm2/s) and Riva (77 ppm) respectively. Using SPG fillers enhanced DF of GICs on average from ~2.5x10-9 cm2/s to ~3.0x10-9 cm2/s but reduced CF of the materials on average from ~51 ppm to ~42 ppm. The CS and BFS of Ketac_M (144 and 22 MPa) and Fuji IX_M (123 and 30 MPa) were comparable to commercial materials. Using SPG with Riva significantly reduced CS and BFS from 123 MPa to 55 MPa and 42 MPa to 28 MPa respectively. The use of SPG fillers enhanced DF but reduced CF of GICs. Using SPG with Ketac or Fuji IX liquids provided comparable strength to the commercial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naruporn Monmaturapoj
- Assistive Technology and Medical Devices Research Center(A-MED),National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Autcharaporn Srion
- National Metal Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Arnit Toneluck
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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An in vitro assessment of the physical properties of manually- mixed and encapsulated glass-ionomer cements. BDJ Open 2020; 6:12. [PMID: 32821430 PMCID: PMC7419565 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-020-0040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The last decade has seen a variety of modifications of glass-ionomer cements (GICs), such as inclusion of bioactive glass particles and dispensing systems. Hence, the aim was to systematically evaluate effect of mixing modes and presence of reactive glass additives on the physical properties of several GICs. Materials and methods The physical properties of eight commercial restorative GICs; Fuji IX GP Extra (C&H), KetacTM Fill Plus Applicap (C&H), Fuji II LC (C&H), Glass Carbomer Cement and Equia® Forte Fil, capsulated versus manually mixed were assessed. 256 cylindrical specimens were prepared for compressive strength and microhardness, whilst 128 disc-shaped specimens were prepared for biaxial flexural strength tests. Fluid uptake and fluoride release were assessed. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Games-Howell post-hoc tests (alpha = 0.05). Results Both encapsulated GIC/RMGICs exhibited significantly improved mechanical properties in comparison to manually mixed equivalents, which in turn showed higher fluid uptake and early fluoride release (p < 0.05). The glass carbomer cement exhibited improved mechanical properties post ageing and evidence of mineral deposits were apparent in the microstructure. Conclusions The mixing mode and inclusion of reactive glass additives in cements had a statistically significant effect on physical properties of the selected GICs-RMGICs.
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Park EY, Kang S. Current aspects and prospects of glass ionomer cements for clinical dentistry. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2020; 37:169-178. [PMID: 32668523 PMCID: PMC7384913 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a tailor-made material that is used as a filling material in dentistry. GIC is cured by an acid-base reaction consisting of a glass filler and ionic polymers. When the glass filler and ionic polymers are mixed, ionic bonds of the material itself are formed. In addition, the extra polymer anion reacts with calcium in enamel or dentin to increase adhesion to the tooth tissue. GICs are widely used as adhesives for artificial crowns or orthodontic brackets, and are also used as tooth repair material, cavity liner, and filling materials. In this review, the current status of GIC research and development and its prospects for the future have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Park
- Department of Dentistry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sohee Kang
- Department of Dentistry, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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15
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Kantrong N, Mongkontunpimon W, Supameteeworakul S, Wongkhantee S. Differential induction of surface chemical compositional change on tooth structure by glass ionomer restorative materials. Odontology 2020; 109:124-138. [PMID: 32495193 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a restorative dental material capable of promoting mineral deposition on surrounding tooth substrates. However, it is unclear as to whether demineralization and remineralization due to an oral pH change of the tooth affect the dissolution pattern of tooth crown and root differently. It also remains to be elucidated how GIC alters superficial chemical compositions of tooth crown structurally known as enamel, in relation to the root. In this study, we investigated an effect of pH challenge on chemical compositional change of tooth crown and root, as well as the contribution of GIC restorations on a shift of elemental abundance on tooth crown and root. Our findings demonstrated that an exposure to a pH cycling resulted in a drastic change of elemental profile of the root, but not the crown. Modification of superficial elemental ingredients of GIC-restored cavities located on different anatomical part of the tooth was found after an acid attack. Notably, a differential induction of chemical compositional shift was dependent on the type of GIC used and the location of restored GIC. Our study highlights a susceptibility of root portion to acid-induced elemental dissolution, and that GIC use might be implicated in the delayed dissolution rate of the tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthapong Kantrong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Mittraphap road, Nai Mueang, Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. .,Oral Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Weeraphart Mongkontunpimon
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supanut Supameteeworakul
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suchart Wongkhantee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Mittraphap road, Nai Mueang, Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Nicholson JW, Sidhu SK, Czarnecka B. Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Glass-Ionomer Dental Cements: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112510. [PMID: 32486416 PMCID: PMC7321445 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the strategies that have been reported in the literature to attempt to reinforce glass-ionomer dental cements, both conventional and resin-modified. These cements are widely used in current clinical practice, but their use is limited to regions where loading is not high. Reinforcement might extend these applications, particularly to the posterior dentition. A variety of strategies have been identified, including the use of fibres, nanoparticles, and larger particle additives. One problem revealed by the literature survey is the limited extent to which researchers have used International Standard test methods. This makes comparison of results very difficult. However, it does seem possible to draw conclusions from this substantial body of work and these are (1) that powders with conventional particle sizes do not reinforce glass-ionomer cements, (2) certain fibres and certain nanoparticles give distinct improvements in strength, and (3) in the case of the nanoparticles these improvements are associated with differences in the morphology of the cement matrix, in particular, a reduction in the porosity. Despite these improvements, none of the developments has yet been translated into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Nicholson
- Dental Materials Unit, Bart’s and the London Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
- Bluefield Centre for Biomaterials, 67-68 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JY, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sharanbir K. Sidhu
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Bart’s & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK;
| | - Beata Czarnecka
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, ul. Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
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Commercially Available Fluoride-Releasing Restorative Materials: A Review and a Proposal for Classification. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102313. [PMID: 32443424 PMCID: PMC7287768 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Resin composite and glass ionomer cement (GIC) are the most commonly used dental materials to perform direct restorations. Both have specific characteristics that explain their popularity and their limits. More than 20 years ago, the first attempt (followed by others) to combine the advantages of these two families was performed with compomers, but it was not very successful. Recently, new formulations (also called 'smart materials') with claimed ion release properties have been proposed under different family names, but there are few studies on them and explanations of their chemistries. This comprehensive review aims to gather the compositions; the setting reactions; the mechanical, self-adhesive, and potential bulk-fill properties; and the ion release abilities of the large existing families of fluoride-releasing restorative materials and the new restorative materials to precisely describe their characteristics, their eventual bioactivities, and classify them for an improved understanding of these materials. Based on this work, the whole GIC family, including resin-modified and highly viscous formulations, was found to be bioactive. Cention N (Ivoclar Vivadent, AG, Schaan, Lietschentein) is the first commercially available bioactive resin composite.
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Moshaverinia M, Navas A, Jahedmanesh N, Shah KC, Moshaverinia A, Ansari S. Comparative evaluation of the physical properties of a reinforced glass ionomer dental restorative material. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 122:154-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Karimi M, Hesaraki S, Alizadeh M, Kazemzadeh A. Effect of synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles on the physicochemical and biological properties of resin-modified glass ionomer cements. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:227-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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de Oliveira BMB, Agostini IE, Baesso ML, Menezes-Silva R, Borges AFS, Navarro MFL, Nicholson JW, Sidhu SK, Pascotto RC. Influence of external energy sources on the dynamic setting process of glass-ionomer cements. Dent Mater 2019; 35:450-456. [PMID: 30709613 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of external energy sources on the dynamic setting process of glass-ionomer restorative materials. METHODS Eighteen brands of GIC were studied: Bioglass R (Biodinâmica; G1), Chemfil Rock (Dentsply; G2), Equia Forte (GC; G3), Gold Label 2 (GC; G4), Gold Label 9 (GC; G5), Glass Ionomer Cement Type II - (Shofu; G6), Ionglass R (Maquira; G7), Ion Z (FGM; G8), Ionomaster (Wilcos; G9), Ionofil Plus (Voco; G10), Ionostar Plus (Voco; G11), Ketac Molar easymix (3M ESPE; G12), Magic Glass R (Vigodent; G13), Maxxion R (FGM; G14), Riva Self Cure (SDI; G15), Vidrion R (SS White; G16), Vitro Fil R (Nova DFL; G17) and Vitro Molar (Nova DFL; G18). LED, halogen light or ultrasound (n=20 for each set) applied for 30s was used to activate setting, and a control group of each material was allowed to set without activation. Samples were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy using the ratio of intensities of bands at 1637cm-1 (carboxylate) and 1720cm-1 (carbonyl) as a function of time. Means and standard deviations were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). RESULTS All three activation modes significantly reduced the time at which the carboxylate content became stable in G2, G4, G5, G6, G8, G10, G14, G16, G17 and G18. By contrast, in G1, G7, G12 and G15 no activation source had any significant effect (p>0.05). SIGNIFICANCE External activation sources, namely LED, halogen light and ultrasound, typically but not always increase the setting rate of restorative GICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M B de Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringa, Av. Mandacaru 1550, 87080-000 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Izabelle E Agostini
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringa, Av. Mandacaru 1550, 87080-000 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Mauro L Baesso
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Menezes-Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endondontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia S Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endondontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fidela L Navarro
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endondontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - John W Nicholson
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Sharanbir K Sidhu
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Renata C Pascotto
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringa, Av. Mandacaru 1550, 87080-000 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Menezes-Silva R, de Oliveira BMB, Fernandes PHM, Shimohara LY, Pereira FV, Borges AFS, Buzalaf MAR, Pascotto RC, Sidhu SK, de Lima Navarro MF. Effects of the reinforced cellulose nanocrystals on glass-ionomer cements. Dent Mater 2019; 35:564-573. [PMID: 30711272 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glass-ionomer cements (GICs) modified with cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) were characterized and evaluated for compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and fluoride release (F-). METHODS Commercially available GICs (Maxxion, Vidrion R, Vitro Molar, Ketac Molar Easy Mix and Fuji Gold Label 9) were reinforced with CNs (0.2% by weight). The microstructure of CNs and of CN-modified GICs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while chemical characterization was by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ten specimens each of the unmodified (control) and CN-modified materials (test materials) were prepared for CS and DTS testing. For the fluoride release evaluation, separate specimens (n=10) of each test and control material were made. The results obtained were submitted to the t-test (p<0.05). RESULTS The CN reinforcement significantly improved the mechanical properties and significantly increased the F- release of all GICs (p<0.05). The GICs with CNs showed a fibrillar aggregate of nanoparticles interspersed in the matrix. The compounds with CNs showed a higher amount of C compared to the controls due to the organic nature of the CNs. It was not possible to identify by FTIR any chemical bond difference in the compounds formed when nanofibers were inserted in the GICs. SIGNIFICANCE Modification of GICs with CNs appears to produce promising restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Menezes-Silva
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Martins Fernandes
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Yukari Shimohara
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Vargas Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Corrêa Pascotto
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringa, Av. Mandacaru, 1550, 87080-000, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sharanbir K Sidhu
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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22
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Yamakami SA, Ubaldini ALM, Sato F, Medina Neto A, Pascotto RC, Baesso ML. Study of the chemical interaction between a high-viscosity glass ionomer cement and dentin. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170384. [PMID: 30020351 PMCID: PMC6052914 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the chemical interactions between a high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC) (KetacTM Molar Easymix, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Bavaria, Germany) and human dentin. It was also analyzed the dynamics of GIC setting mechanism based on the time intervals required for the GIC and the GIC mixed with dentin to achieve stability. Material and Methods Each constituent of GIC – powder (P) and liquid (L) – and powdered dentin (D), as well as the associations P+L, D+L, and P+L+D in the concentrations of 29%, 50%, 65%, 78%, 82%, and 92% of GIC were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Results New optical absorption bands and/or Raman bands, which were not present in P, L, or D, were observed in the associations. The concentrations of 29% and 50% of GIC showed higher interaction, revealing that the amount of dentin influences the formation of new optical absorption or scattering bands. FTIR bands showed that the setting time to achieve bond stability was longer for the high-viscosity GIC (38±7 min) than for the sample with 29% of GIC (28±4 min). Conclusions The analysis revealed the formation of new compounds or molecular rearrangements resulting from the chemical interactions between GIC and dentin. Moreover, this study provides an effective method to evaluate the dynamics of the setting mechanism of GICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelyn Akari Yamakami
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Odontologia, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | - Francielle Sato
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Física, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Antonio Medina Neto
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Física, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | - Mauro Luciano Baesso
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Física, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
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23
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De Caluwé T, Vercruysse CWJ, Ladik I, Convents R, Declercq H, Martens LC, Verbeeck RMH. Addition of bioactive glass to glass ionomer cements: Effect on the physico-chemical properties and biocompatibility. Dent Mater 2017; 33:e186-e203. [PMID: 28196604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are a subject of research because of their inferior mechanical properties, despite their advantages such as fluoride release and direct bonding to bone and teeth. Recent research aims to improve the bioactivity of the GICs and thereby improve mechanical properties on the long term. In this study, two types of bioactive glasses (BAG) (45S5F and CF9) are combined with GICs to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and biocompatibility of the BAG-GIC combinations. The effect of the addition of Al3+ to the BAG composition and the use of smaller BAG particles on the BAG-GIC properties was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conventional aluminosilicate glass (ASG) and (modified) BAG were synthesized by the melt method. BAG-GIC were investigated on setting time, compressive strength and bioactivity. Surface changes were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS and PO43- -and Ca2+ uptake in SBF. Biocompatibility of selected BAG-GICs was determined by a direct toxicity assay. RESULTS The addition of BAG improves the bioactivity of the GIC, which can be observed by the formation of an apatite (Ap) layer, especially in CF9-containing GICs. More BAG leads to more bioactivity but decreases strength. The addition of Al3+ to the BAG composition improves strength, but decreases bioactivity. BAGs with smaller particle sizes have no effect on bioactivity and decrease strength. The formation of an Ap layer seems beneficial to the biocompatibility of the BAG-GICs. SIGNIFICANCE Bioactive GICs may have several advantages over conventional GICs, such as remineralization of demineralized tissue, adhesion and proliferation of bone- and dental cells, allowing integration in surrounding tissue. CF9 BAG-GIC combinations containing maximum 10mol% Al3+ are most promising, when added in ≤20wt% to a GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T De Caluwé
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 Bdg. B 4th Floor, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C W J Vercruysse
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 Bdg. B 4th Floor, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Ladik
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 Bdg. B 4th Floor, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Convents
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 Bdg. B 4th Floor, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Group, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 6B3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L C Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - R M H Verbeeck
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 Bdg. B 4th Floor, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Chen S, Cai Y, Engqvist H, Xia W. Enhanced bioactivity of glass ionomer cement by incorporating calcium silicates. BIOMATTER 2016; 6:e1123842. [PMID: 26787304 PMCID: PMC5055208 DOI: 10.1080/21592535.2015.1123842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are known as a non-bioactive dental cement. During setting the GIC have an acidic pH, driven by the acrylic acid component. It is a challenge to make GIC alkaline without disturbing its mechanical properties. One strategy was to add slowly reacting systems with an alkaline pH. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of forming a bioactive dental material based on the combination of glass ionomer cement and calcium silicates. Two types of GIC were used as control. Wollastonite (CS also denoted β-CaSiO3) or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was incorporated into the 2 types of GIC. The material formulations' setting time, compressive strength, pH and bioactivity were compared between modified GIC and GIC control. Apatite crystals were found on the surfaces of the modified cements but not on the control GIC. The compressive strength of the cement remained with the addition of 20% calcium silicate or 20% MTA after one day immersion. In addition, the compressive strength of GIC modified with 20% MTA had been increased during the 14 d immersion (p < 0 .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- a Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Yixiao Cai
- a Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- a Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Wei Xia
- a Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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25
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Lampe U, Maier M, Klee JE, Ritter H. Tailored hydrolytically stable polyacid gels based on curable poly(acrylic acid)s and bisacrylamides. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lampe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf; Universitaetsstraße 1, Bldg. 26.33.00 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | | | | | - Helmut Ritter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf; Universitaetsstraße 1, Bldg. 26.33.00 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
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26
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Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Khan AS, Zohaib S, Martí JMN, Sauro S, Matinlinna JP, Rehman IU. Modifications in Glass Ionomer Cements: Nano-Sized Fillers and Bioactive Nanoceramics. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071134. [PMID: 27428956 PMCID: PMC4964507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are being used for a wide range of applications in dentistry. In order to overcome the poor mechanical properties of glass ionomers, several modifications have been introduced to the conventional GICs. Nanotechnology involves the use of systems, modifications or materials the size of which is in the range of 1–100 nm. Nano-modification of conventional GICs and resin modified GICs (RMGICs) can be achieved by incorporation of nano-sized fillers to RMGICs, reducing the size of the glass particles, and introducing nano-sized bioceramics to the glass powder. Studies suggest that the commercially available nano-filled RMGIC does not hold any significant advantage over conventional RMGICs as far as the mechanical and bonding properties are concerned. Conversely, incorporation of nano-sized apatite crystals not only increases the mechanical properties of conventional GICs, but also can enhance fluoride release and bioactivity. By increasing the crystallinity of the set matrix, apatites can make the set cement chemically more stable, insoluble, and improve the bond strength with tooth structure. Increased fluoride release can also reduce and arrest secondary caries. However, due to a lack of long-term clinical studies, the use of nano-modified glass ionomers is still limited in daily clinical dentistry. In addition to the in vitro and in vivo studies, more randomized clinical trials are required to justify the use of these promising materials. The aim of this paper is to review the modification performed in GIC-based materials to improve their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, P.O Box 361724, Riyadh 11313, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madina Munawwarrah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudia Arabia.
| | - Juan Manuel Nuñez Martí
- Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry (Spanish Course), Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Valencia 46115, Spain.
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry (Bilingual course), Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Valencia 46115, Spain.
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Science, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ihtesham Ur Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
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27
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The role of poly(acrylic acid) in conventional glass polyalkenoate cements. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) have been used in dentistry for over 40 years. These novel bioactive materials are the result of a reaction between a finely ground glass (base) and a polymer (acid), usually poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), in the presence of water. This article reviews the types of PAA used as reagents (including how they vary by molar mass, molecular weight, concentration, polydispersity and content) and the way that they control the properties of the conventional GPCs (CGPCs) formulated from them. The article also considers the effect of PAA on the clinical performance of CGPCs, including biocompatibility, rheological and mechanical properties, adhesion, ion release, acid erosion and clinical durability. The review has critically evaluated the literature and clarified the role that the polyacid component of CGPCs plays in setting and maturation. This review will lead to an improved understanding of the chemistry and properties of the PAA phase which will lead to further innovation in the glass-based cements field.
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28
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Agha A, Parker S, Patel MP. Development of experimental resin modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) with reduced water uptake and dimensional change. Dent Mater 2016; 32:713-22. [PMID: 27025570 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate water uptake, desorption, diffusion coefficient, solubility and dimensional changes of four experimental RMGICs in deionized water (DW) and artificial saliva (AS), and compare with two commercial RMGICs and control home liquids based on the two commercial materials used. METHODS Two commercial RMGICs, RelyX Luting (RX, 3M ESPE) and Fuji Plus (FP, GC), two control home liquids and four new liquid compositions (F1, F2, R1, R2) comprising different percentages of the monomer THFM (tetrahydrofurfuryl-methacrylate) with the original monomer HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) were used in this study. Home and experimental liquids were mixed with the corresponding commercial powder. Disk-shaped specimens (16mm diameter 1mm thickness) were immersed in DW/AS at 37°C (n=6) and weighed at regular time intervals. Percentage weight change with time was recorded. At 24 weeks, disks were desorbed in an oven at 37°C to minimum weight. RESULTS All new compositions showed lower water uptake and dimensional (volume) changes than the commercial products in both DW and AS. On desorption, FP showed higher weight loss compared to materials in the same group in both solutions (p<0.0001), with the exception of F2 in DW (p=0.283). RX had higher weight loss compared to R1 and R2 in DW and AS (p<0.0001). Fickian diffusion was confirmed for all materials immersed in DW and AS. SIGNIFICANCE The experimental compositions in this study have shown promising results when tested in both DW and AS with lower water uptakes and volume changes than commercial materials. This may lead to wider applications than current commercial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Agha
- Oral Growth and Development, (Dental Physical Sciences), Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sandra Parker
- Oral Growth and Development, (Dental Physical Sciences), Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mangala P Patel
- Oral Growth and Development, (Dental Physical Sciences), Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Kim DA, Abo-Mosallam H, Lee HY, Lee JH, Kim HW, Lee HH. Biological and mechanical properties of an experimental glass-ionomer cement modified by partial replacement of CaO with MgO or ZnO. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:369-75. [PMID: 26398508 PMCID: PMC4560496 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some weaknesses of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) as dental materials, for instance the lack of bioactive potential and poor mechanical properties, remain unsolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ae Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
| | - Hany Abo-Mosallam
- Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, EG
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
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30
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Tian KV, Chass GA, Di Tommaso D. Simulations reveal the role of composition into the atomic-level flexibility of bioactive glass cements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:837-45. [PMID: 26646505 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05650k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glass ionomer cements (GICs), the reaction product of a fluoro-alumino-silicate glass and polyacrylic acid, have been in effective use in dentistry for over 40 years and more recently in orthopaedics and medical implantation. Their desirable properties have affirmed GIC's place in the medical materials community, yet are limited to non-load bearing applications due to the brittle nature of the hardened composite cement, thought to arise from the glass component and the interfaces it forms. Towards helping resolve the fundamental bases of the mechanical shortcomings of GICs, we report the 1st ever computational models of a GIC-relevant component. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were employed to generate and characterise three fluoro-alumino-silicate glasses of differing compositions with focus on resolving the atomic scale structural and dynamic contributions of aluminium, phosphorous and fluorine. Analyses of the glasses revealed rising F-content leading to the expansion of the glass network, compression of Al-F bonding, angular constraint at Al-pivots, localisation of alumino-phosphates and increased fluorine diffusion. Together, these changes to the structure, speciation and dynamics with raised fluorine content impart an overall rigidifying effect on the glass network, and suggest a predisposition to atomic-level inflexibility, which could manifest in the ionomer cements they form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Viviana Tian
- Materials Science Research Institute, Department of Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary and Global Institute of Computational Molecular and Materials Science (GIOCOMMS), Budapest (Hungary)/Beijing (China)/Toronto (Canada)
| | - Gregory A Chass
- Global Institute of Computational Molecular and Materials Science (GIOCOMMS), Budapest (Hungary)/Beijing (China)/Toronto (Canada) and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Devis Di Tommaso
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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31
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Tian KV, Yang B, Yue Y, Bowron DT, Mayers J, Donnan RS, Dobó-Nagy C, Nicholson JW, Fang DC, Greer AL, Chass GA, Greaves GN. Atomic and vibrational origins of mechanical toughness in bioactive cement during setting. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8631. [PMID: 26548704 PMCID: PMC4659834 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been in widespread use for ∼40 years in dentistry and medicine. However, these composites fall short of the toughness needed for permanent implants. Significant impediment to improvement has been the requisite use of conventional destructive mechanical testing, which is necessarily retrospective. Here we show quantitatively, through the novel use of calorimetry, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and neutron scattering, how GIC's developing fracture toughness during setting is related to interfacial THz dynamics, changing atomic cohesion and fluctuating interfacial configurations. Contrary to convention, we find setting is non-monotonic, characterized by abrupt features not previously detected, including a glass-polymer coupling point, an early setting point, where decreasing toughness unexpectedly recovers, followed by stress-induced weakening of interfaces. Subsequently, toughness declines asymptotically to long-term fracture test values. We expect the insight afforded by these in situ non-destructive techniques will assist in raising understanding of the setting mechanisms and associated dynamics of cementitious materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun V. Tian
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Chester CH2 4NU, UK
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Laboratory of Extreme Glassy State, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Daniel T. Bowron
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Jerry Mayers
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Robert S. Donnan
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Csaba Dobó-Nagy
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - John W. Nicholson
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, London TW1 4SX, UK
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - A. Lindsay Greer
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Gregory A. Chass
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - G. Neville Greaves
- Laboratory of Extreme Glassy State, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Physics, Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, UK
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32
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Composition-structure-property relationships for non-classical ionomer cements formulated with zinc-boron germanium-based glasses. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:1203-17. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214557906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-classical ionomer glasses like those based on zinc-boron-germanium glasses are of special interest in a variety of medical applications owning to their unique combination of properties and potential therapeutic efficacy. These features may be of particular benefit with respect to the utilization of glass ionomer cements for minimally invasive dental applications such as the atruamatic restorative treatment, but also for expanded clinical applications in orthopedics and oral-maxillofacial surgery. A unique system of zinc-boron-germanium-based glasses (10 compositions in total) has been designed using a Design of Mixtures methodology. In the first instance, ionomer glasses were examined via differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and 11B MAS NMR spectroscopy to establish fundamental composition – structure-property relationships for the unique system. Secondly, cements were synthesized based on each glass and handling characteristics (working time, Wt, and setting time, St) and compression strength were quantified to facilitate the development of both experimental and mathematical composition-structure-property relationships for the new ionomer cements. The novel glass ionomer cements were found to provide Wt, St, and compression strength in the range of 48–132 s, 206–602 s, and 16–36 MPa, respectively, depending on the ZnO/GeO2 mol fraction of the glass phase. A lower ZnO mol fraction in the glass phase provides higher glass transition temperature, higher N4 rate, and in combination with careful modulation of GeO2 mol fraction in the glass phase provides a unique approach to extending the Wt and St of glass ionomer cement without compromising (in fact enhancing) compression strength. The data presented in this work provide valuable information for the formulation of alternative glass ionomer cements for applications within and beyond the dental clinic, especially where conventional approaches to modulating working time and strength exhibit co-dependencies (i.e. the enhancement of one property comes at the expense of the other) and therefore limit development strategies.
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33
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De Caluwé T, Vercruysse CWJ, Fraeyman S, Verbeeck RMH. The influence of particle size and fluorine content of aluminosilicate glass on the glass ionomer cement properties. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1029-38. [PMID: 25002141 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are clinically accepted dental restorative materials mainly due to their direct chemical adhesion to both enamel and dentin and their ability to release fluoride. However, their mechanical properties are inferior compared to those of amalgam and composite. The aim of this study is to investigate if combinations of nano- and macrogranular glass with different compositions in a glass ionomer cement can improve the mechanical and physical properties. METHODS Glasses with the composition 4.5 SiO2-3 Al2O3-1.5 P2O5-(5-x) CaO-x CaF2 (x=0 and x=2) were prepared. Of each type of glass, particles with a median size of about 0.73 μm and 6.02 μm were made. RESULTS The results show that the setting time of GIC decreases when macrogranular glass particles are replaced by nanogranular glass particles, whereas the compressive strength and Young's modulus, measured after 24 h setting, increase. The effects are more pronounced when the nanogranular glass particles contain fluoride. After thermocycling, compressive strength decreases for nearly all formulations, the effect being most pronounced for cements containing nanogranular glass particles. Hence, the strength of the GIC seems mainly determined by the macrogranular glass particles. Cumulative F--release decreases when the macrogranular glass particles with fluoride are replaced by nanogranular glass particles with(out) fluoride. SIGNIFICANCE The present study thus shows that replacing macro- by nanogranular glass particles with different compositions can lead to cements with approximately the same physical properties (e.g. setting time, consistency), but with different physicochemical (e.g. F--release, water-uptake) and initial mechanical properties. On the long term, the mechanical properties are mainly determined by the macrogranular glass particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T De Caluwé
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - C W J Vercruysse
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - S Fraeyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - R M H Verbeeck
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Kim DA, Abo-Mosallam HA, Lee HY, Kim GR, Kim HW, Lee HH. Development of a novel aluminum-free glass ionomer cement based on magnesium/strontium-silicate glasses. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:665-71. [PMID: 25063167 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of strontium substitution for magnesium in a novel aluminum-free multicomponent glass composition for glass ionomer cements (GICs) were investigated. A series of glass compositions were prepared based on SiO2-P2O5-CaO-ZnO-MgO(1-X)-SrOX-CaF2 (X=0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75). The mechanical properties of GICs prepared were characterized by compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural modules, and microhardness. Cell proliferation was evaluated indirectly by CCK-8 assay using various dilutions of the cement and rat mesenchyme stem cells. Incorporation of strontium instead of magnesium in the glasses has a significant influence on setting time of the cements and the properties. All mechanical properties of the GICs with SrO substitution at X=0.25 were significantly increased, then gradually decreased with further increase of the amount of strontium substitution in the glass. The GIC at X=0.25, also, showed an improved cell viability at low doses of the cement extracts in comparison with other groups or control without extracts. The results of this study demonstrate that the glass compositions with strontium substitution at low levels can be successfully used to prepare aluminum-free glass ionomer cements for repair and regeneration of hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ae Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hye-Young Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Ri Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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Alhalawani AM, Curran DJ, Pingguan-Murphy B, Boyd D, Towler MR. A Novel Glass Polyalkenoate Cement for Fixation and Stabilisation of the Ribcage, Post Sternotomy Surgery: An ex-Vivo Study. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:329-57. [PMID: 24956193 PMCID: PMC4030933 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the use of gallium (Ga) based glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) as a possible alternative adhesive in sternal fixation, post sternotomy surgery. The glass series consists of a Control (CaO-ZnO-SiO2), and LGa-1 and LGa-2 which contain Ga at the expense of zinc (Zn) in 0.08 mol% increments. The additions of Ga resulted in increased working time (75 s to 137 s) and setting time (113 to 254 s). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that this was a direct result of increased unreacted poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and the reduction of crosslink formation during cement maturation. LGa samples (0.16 wt % Ga) resulted in an altered ion release profile, particularly for 30 days analysis, with maximum Ca2+, Zn2+, Si4+ and Ga3+ ions released into the distilled water. The additions of Ga resulted in increased roughness and decreased contact angles during cement maturation. The presence of Ga has a positive effect on the compressive strength of the samples with strengths increasing over 10 MPa at 7 days analysis compared to the 1 day results. The additions of Ga had relatively no effect on the flexural strength. Tensile testing of bovine sterna proved that the LGa samples (0.16 wt % Ga) are comparable to the Control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M.F. Alhalawani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (A.M.F.A.); (B.P.-M.)
| | - Declan J. Curran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, ON, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (A.M.F.A.); (B.P.-M.)
| | - Daniel Boyd
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4R2, NS, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Mark R. Towler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (A.M.F.A.); (B.P.-M.)
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, ON, Canada; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-416-979-5000 (ext. 4518)
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Melo MAS, Guedes SFF, Xu HHK, Rodrigues LKA. Nanotechnology-based restorative materials for dental caries management. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:459-67. [PMID: 23810638 PMCID: PMC3845439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been applied to dental materials as an innovative concept for the development of materials with better properties and anticaries potential. In this review we discuss the current progress and future applications of functional nanoparticles incorporated in dental restorative materials as useful strategies to dental caries management. We also overview proposed antimicrobial and remineralizing mechanisms. Nanomaterials have great potential to decrease biofilm accumulation, inhibit the demineralization process, to be used for remineralizing tooth structure, and to combat caries-related bacteria. These results are encouraging and open the doors to future clinical studies that will allow the therapeutic value of nanotechnology-based restorative materials to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A S Melo
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Dept of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Sauro S, Osorio R, Fulgêncio R, Watson TF, Cama G, Thompson I, Toledano M. Remineralisation properties of innovative light-curable resin-based dental materials containing bioactive micro-fillers. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2624-2638. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Maier M, Dollendorf C, Ritter H, Klee JE. Radically Crosslinkable Poly(acrylic acid)s From Poly[(tert-butyl acrylate)-co-(3-aminopropyl vinyl ether)]: Synthesis and Rheological Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Moshaverinia A, Roohpour N, Chee WWL, Schricker SR. A review of polyelectrolyte modifications in conventional glass-ionomer dental cements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm14880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Goenka S, Balu R, Sampath Kumar TS. Effects of nanocrystalline calcium deficient hydroxyapatite incorporation in glass ionomer cements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 7:69-76. [PMID: 22340686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are clinically attractive filling materials often employed in the field of dentistry as restorative and luting materials. The present work aims to formulate bioactive nanocrystalline calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (nCDHA)-GIC composite cements with improved mechanical and resorption properties of the set cement than GICs. The nCDHA was synthesized via an accelerated microwave process and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods. The synthesized nCDHA was mixed with GIC in different compositions (5, 10 and 15 wt%) maintaining the powder to liquid ratio. Cylinders of dimensions 8 mm height and 4 mm diameter were formed using a Teflon mold following a conventional cement forming technique. The XRD and FT-IR of the cylinders showed increased intensity and characteristic bands of CDHA with increase in nCDHA content. The surface cracks and the elemental composition of the set cements were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Decreased surface hardness was observed for composite cements with increase in nCDHA addition. The cement cylinders were tested for ionic release in Millipore water (pH=7) via inductive coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy and in demineralization solution of pH=5 to find out the weight loss in an acidic environment at 37 °C performed periodically for 5 weeks. The ionic release percentage, weight loss and compressive strength were observed to increase with an increase in nCDHA addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Goenka
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
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