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Ahluwalia G, Subbiah J, Mitchell VD, Saker Neto N, Jones DJ. One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Conjugated Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Using Asymmetrically Functionalized Push–Pull Monomers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Ahluwalia
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Valerie D. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicolau Saker Neto
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Wen G, Zou X, Hu R, Peng J, Chen Z, He X, Dong G, Zhang W. Ground- and excited-state characteristics in photovoltaic polymer N2200. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20191-20199. [PMID: 35479889 PMCID: PMC9033976 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a classical polymer acceptor material, N2200 has received extensive attention and research in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the intrinsic properties of ground- and excited-states in N2200, which are critical for the application of N2200 in PSCs, remain poorly understood. In this work, the ground- and excited-state properties of N2200 solution and film were studied by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. The transition mechanism of absorption peaks of N2200 was evaluated through the natural transition orbitals (NTOs) and hole-electron population analysis by TD-DFT. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) study shows that the lifetimes of singlet excitons in N2200 chlorobenzene solution and film are ∼90 ps and ∼60 ps, respectively. Considering the absolute quantum yield of N2200 film, we deduce that the intrinsic lifetime of singlet exciton can be as long as ∼20 ns. By comparing the TRPL and transient absorption (TA) kinetics, we find that the decay of singlet excitons in N2200 solution is dominated by a fast non-radiative decay process, and the component induced by intersystem crossing is less than 5%. Besides that, the annihilation radius, annihilation rate and diffusion length of singlet excitons in N2200 film were evaluated as 3.6 nm, 2.5 × 10-9 cm3 s-1 and 4.5 nm, respectively. Our work provides comprehensive information on the excited states of N2200, which is helpful for the application of N2200 in all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhao Wen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China +86-136-4279-2676
| | - Xianshao Zou
- Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University Lund 22100 Sweden
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Jun Peng
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China +86-136-4279-2676
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China +86-136-4279-2676
| | - Xiaochuan He
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College Shantou 515041 China +86-187-3110-6711
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College Shantou 515041 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China +86-136-4279-2676
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Zhang Z, Li Y. Polymerized Small‐Molecule Acceptors for High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4422-4433. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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Zhang Z, Li Y. Polymerized Small‐Molecule Acceptors for High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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Wadsworth A, Hamid Z, Kosco J, Gasparini N, McCulloch I. The Bulk Heterojunction in Organic Photovoltaic, Photodetector, and Photocatalytic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001763. [PMID: 32754970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors require an energetic offset in order to photogenerate free charge carriers efficiently, owing to their inability to effectively screen charges. This is vitally important in order to achieve high power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells. Early heterojunction-based solar cells were limited to relatively modest efficiencies (<4%) owing to limitations such as poor exciton dissociation, limited photon harvesting, and high recombination losses. The development of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has significantly overcome these issues, resulting in dramatic improvements in organic photovoltaic performance, now exceeding 18% power conversion efficiencies. Here, the design and engineering strategies used to develop the optimal bulk heterojunction for solar-cell, photodetector, and photocatalytic applications are discussed. Additionally, the thermodynamic driving forces in the creation and stability of the bulk heterojunction are presented, along with underlying photophysics in these blends. Finally, new opportunities to apply the knowledge accrued from BHJ solar cells to generate free charges for use in promising new applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zeinab Hamid
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jan Kosco
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Bonasera A, Giuliano G, Arrabito G, Pignataro B. Tackling Performance Challenges in Organic Photovoltaics: An Overview about Compatibilizers. Molecules 2020; 25:E2200. [PMID: 32397234 PMCID: PMC7248780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) based on Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) blends are a mature technology. Having started their intensive development two decades ago, their low cost, processability and flexibility rapidly funneled the interest of the scientific community, searching for new solutions to expand solar photovoltaics market and promote sustainable development. However, their robust implementation is hampered by some issues, concerning the choice of the donor/acceptor materials, the device thermal/photo-stability, and, last but not least, their morphology. Indeed, the morphological profile of BHJs has a strong impact over charge generation, collection, and recombination processes; control over nano/microstructural morphology would be desirable, aiming at finely tuning the device performance and overcoming those previously mentioned critical issues. The employ of compatibilizers has emerged as a promising, economically sustainable, and widely applicable approach for the donor/acceptor interface (D/A-I) optimization. Thus, improvements in the global performance of the devices can be achieved without making use of more complex architectures. Even though several materials have been deeply documented and reported as effective compatibilizing agents, scientific reports are quite fragmentary. Here we would like to offer a panoramic overview of the literature on compatibilizers, focusing on the progression documented in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Bonasera
- Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.)
- INSTM-Palermo Research Unit, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giuliano
- Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Arrabito
- Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.)
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.)
- INSTM-Palermo Research Unit, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Yang J, Xiao B, Tang A, Li J, Wang X, Zhou E. Aromatic-Diimide-Based n-Type Conjugated Polymers for All-Polymer Solar Cell Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804699. [PMID: 30300439 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have attracted immense attention in recent years due to their advantages of tunable absorption spectra and electronic energy levels for both donor and acceptor polymers, as well as their superior thermal and mechanical stability. The exploration of the novel n-type conjugated polymers (CPs), especially based on aromatic diimide (ADI), plays a vital role in the further improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-PSCs. Here, recent progress in structure modification of ADIs including naphthalene diimide (NDI), perylene diimide (PDI), and corresponding derivatives is reviewed, and the structure-property relationships of ADI-based CPs are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Fanta GM, Jarka P, Szeluga U, Tański T, Kim JY. Phase Diagrams of n-Type Low Bandgap Naphthalenediimide-Bithiophene Copolymer Solutions and Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091474. [PMID: 31505889 PMCID: PMC6780169 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase diagrams of n-type low bandgap poly{(N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene -1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl)-alt-5,5′,-(2,2′-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) solutions and blends were constructed. To this end, we employed the Flory–Huggins (FH) lattice theory for qualitatively understanding the phase behavior of P(NDI2OD-T2) solutions as a function of solvent, chlorobenzene, chloroform, and p-xylene. Herein, the polymer–solvent interaction parameter (χ) was obtained from a water contact angle measurement, leading to the solubility parameter. The phase behavior of these P(NDI2OD-T2) solutions showed both liquid–liquid (L–L) and liquid–solid (L–S) phase transitions. However, depending on the solvent, the relative position of the liquid–liquid phase equilibria (LLE) and solid–liquid phase equilibria (SLE) (i.e., two-phase co-existence curves) could be changed drastically, i.e., LLE > SLE, LLE ≈ SLE, and SLE > LLE. Finally, we studied the phase behavior of the polymer–polymer mixture composed of P(NDI2OD-T2) and regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-dyil) (r-reg P3HT), in which the melting transition curve was compared with the theory of melting point depression combined with the FH model. The FH theory describes excellently the melting temperature of the r-reg P3HT/P(NDI2OD-T2) mixture when the entropic contribution to the polymer–polymer interaction parameter (χ = 116.8 K/T − 0.185, dimensionless) was properly accounted for, indicating an increase of entropy by forming a new contact between two different polymer segments. Understanding the phase behavior of the polymer solutions and blends affecting morphologies plays an integral role towards developing polymer optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gada Muleta Fanta
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Pawel Jarka
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Urszula Szeluga
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials to the Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34 Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tański
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jung Yong Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378 Jimma, Ethiopia.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378 Jimma, Ethiopia.
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Zhu P, Fan B, Ying L, Huang F, Cao Y. Recent Progress in All‐Polymer Solar Cells Based on Wide‐Bandgap p‐Type Polymers. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3109-3118. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Baobing Fan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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13
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Ledwon P, Ovsiannikova D, Jarosz T, Gogoc S, Nitschke P, Domagala W. Insight into the properties and redox states of n-dopable conjugated polymers based on naphtalene diimide units. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang G, Melkonyan FS, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. All‐Polymer Solar Cells: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4129-4142. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ferdinand S. Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Flexterra Corporation 8025 Lamon Avenue Skokie IL 60077 USA
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Wang G, Melkonyan FS, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Polymersolarzellen: Fortschritt, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ferdinand S. Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Flexterra Corporation 8025 Lamon Avenue Skokie IL 60077 USA
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Fu H, Wang Z, Sun Y. Polymer Donors for High‐Performance Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4442-4453. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Fu
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
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Fu H, Wang Z, Sun Y. Polymer Donors for High‐Performance Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Fu
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
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Nübling F, Hopper TR, Kuei B, Komber H, Untilova V, Schmidt SB, Brinkmann M, Gomez ED, Bakulin AA, Sommer M. Block Junction-Functionalized All-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1143-1155. [PMID: 30523687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Junction-functionalized donor-acceptor (D-A) block copolymers (BCPs) enable spatial and electronic control over interfacial charge dynamics in excitonic devices such as solar cells. Here, we present the design, synthesis, morphology, and electronic characterization of block junction-functionalized, all-conjugated, all-crystalline D-A BCPs. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a single thienylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (Th xDPPTh x, x = 1 or 2) unit, and poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDIT2) are used as donor, interfacial unit, and acceptor, respectively. Almost all C-C coupling steps are accomplished by virtue of C-H activation. Synthesis of the macroreagent H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x, with x determining its C-H reactivity, is key to the synthesis of various BCPs of type H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x- block-PNDIT2. Morphology is determined from a combination of calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thin-film scattering. Block copolymer crystallinity of P3HT and PNDIT2 is reduced, indicating frustrated crystallization. A long period lp is invisible from TEM, but shows up in resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments at a length scale of lp ∼ 60 nm. Photoluminescence of H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x indicates efficient transfer of the excitation energy to the DPP chain end, but is quenched in BCP films. Transient absorption and pump-push photocurrent spectroscopies reveal geminate recombination (GR) as the main loss channel in as-prepared BCP films independent of junction functionalization. Melt annealing increases GR as a result of the low degree of crystallinity and poorly defined interfaces and additionally changes backbone orientation of PNDIT2 from face-on to edge-on. These morphological effects dominate solar cell performance and cause an insensitivity to the presence of the block junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Viktoriia Untilova
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Simon B Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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Fang Y, Jin H, Raynor A, Wang X, Shaw PE, Kopidakis N, McNeill CR, Burn PL. Application of an A-A'-A-Containing Acceptor Polymer in Sequentially Deposited All-Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24046-24054. [PMID: 29969224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PNNT has been prepared as a polymeric electron acceptor for organic solar cells. The polymer has an A-A'-A acceptor motif linked alternatively with thiophene and vinyl moieties. The A'-unit is a naphthalene diimide, while the A groups are thiazoles. PNNT films were found to have an estimated electron affinity of ≈4.3 eV and an electron mobility of the order of 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1. Its relatively low solubility in common chlorinated solvents at ambient temperature allowed the manufacture of sequentially deposited (SD) devices, which were found to have significantly higher efficiency than that of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells containing the same materials. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicated that the SD films retained the ordering of the individual polymers to a greater extent compared to the BHJ films. The best SD devices were found to have a power conversion efficiency of up to 4.5%, with stable performance under thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Hui Jin
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Aaron Raynor
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Xiao Wang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Nikos Kopidakis
- School of Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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20
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Yang J, Yin Y, Chen F, Zhang Y, Xiao B, Zhao L, Zhou E. Comparison of Three n-Type Copolymers Based on Benzodithiophene and Naphthalene Diimide/Perylene Diimide/Fused Perylene Diimides for All-Polymer Solar Cells Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:23263-23269. [PMID: 29921122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells have gained large attention in recent years because of their tunable energy levels and absorption spectra for both polymeric donor and acceptor. Comparing with the numerous polymeric donors, the development of polymeric acceptors was relatively slow. Rylene diimide-based polymers are regarded as the most promising n-type polymers, which were widely investigated in the past decade, and some novel rylene diimide structures are constantly designed. In this work, three n-type polymers with a donor/acceptor (D/A) alternative backbone structure, named PNDI-BDT, PPDI-BDT, and PFPDI-BDT, were synthesized. In these polymers, naphthalene diimide (NDI), perylene diimide (PDI), and recently developed fused perylene diimide (FPDI) were utilized as electron-withdrawing segment, respectively, and benzodithiophene (BDT) with thiophenes as conjugated side chains was utilized as an electron-rich unit. The optical properties, electron energy levels, charge transport properties, photovoltaic performance, charge recombination loss, and surface morphology were systematically investigated. After optimizing the device fabrication conditions, PNDI-BDT-, PPDI-BDT-, and PFPDI-BDT-based photovoltaic cells realized the power conversion efficiencies of 0.88, 3.74, and 5.65%, respectively. Our results indicate that FPDI is a better electron-deficient segment in comparison with NDI and PDI, for the design of n-type photovoltaic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yuli Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Fan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Bo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
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21
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Nübling F, Yang D, Müller-Buschbaum P, Brinkmann M, Sommer M. In Situ Synthesis of Ternary Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18149-18160. [PMID: 29742897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A detailed investigation of in situ-synthesized all-conjugated block copolymer (BCP) compatibilized ternary blends containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dibcarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDIT2) as donor and acceptor polymers, respectively, is presented. Both polymers are incompatible and show strong segregation in blends, which renders compatibilization with their corresponding BCPs promising to enable nanometer-phase-separated structures suitable for excitonic devices. Here, we synthesize a ternary block copolymer/homopolymer blend system and investigate the phase behavior as a function of block copolymer molecular weight and different annealing conditions. The device performance decreases on increasing annealing temperatures. To understand this effect, morphological investigations including atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and grazing incidence wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) are carried out. On comparing domain sizes of pristine and compatibilized blends obtained from GISAXS, a weak compatibilization effect appears to take place for the in situ-synthesized ternary systems. The effect of thermal annealing is most prevalent for all samples, which, for the highest annealing temperature above the melting point of PNDIT2 (310 °C), ultimately leads to a change from the face-on to edge-on orientation of PNDIT2, as seen in GIWAXS. This effect dominates and decreases all photovoltaic parameters, irrespective of whether a pristine or compatibilized blend is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Dan Yang
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Univeristé de Strasbourg , 23 rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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22
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Yang J, Xiao B, Heo SW, Tajima K, Chen F, Zhou E. Effects of Inserting Thiophene as a π-Bridge on the Properties of Naphthalene Diimide-alt-Fused Thiophene Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44070-44078. [PMID: 29190065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of naphthalene diimide (NDI) units connected to thiophene (T), thienothiophene (TT), or dithienothiophene (DTT) units via a thiophene π-bridge, three new copolymers-PDTNDI-T, PDTNDI-TT, and PDTNDI-DTT, respectively-were synthesized and used in the fabrication of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). The relationships between the structures of the polymers and their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performances as electron acceptors in all-PSCs were investigated in detail. As the number of copolymerized heteroaromatic rings in the DTNDI-based polymers increased, the power conversion efficiencies of the resulting all-PSCs were found to decrease. This decreasing trend in the photovoltaic performance is opposite to the results reported previously for NDI-based polymers lacking the thiophene π-bridge and naphthodithiophene diimide-based polymers. In addition, the three polymers were found to exhibit distinct molecular orientations: a face-on orientation for PDTNDI-T and edge-on orientations for PDTNDI-TT and PDTNDI-DTT. Our results indicate that large fused aromatic rings are not necessarily advantageous in the design of NDI-based polymers containing π-conjugated bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Soo Won Heo
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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23
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Gross YM, Trefz D, Tkachov R, Untilova V, Brinkmann M, Schulz GL, Ludwigs S. Tuning Aggregation by Regioregularity for High-Performance n-Type P(NDI2OD-T2) Donor–Acceptor Copolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannic M. Gross
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Trefz
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Tkachov
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Viktoriia Untilova
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gisela L. Schulz
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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24
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Yang J, Xiao B, Tajima K, Nakano M, Takimiya K, Tang A, Zhou E. Comparison among Perylene Diimide (PDI), Naphthalene Diimide (NDI), and Naphthodithiophene Diimide (NDTI) Based n-Type Polymers for All-Polymer Solar Cells Application. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence
in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence
in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent
Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent
Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent
Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence
in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory
of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence
in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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25
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Sharma S, Kolhe NB, Gupta V, Bharti V, Sharma A, Datt R, Chand S, Asha SK. Improved All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance of n-Type Naphthalene Diimide–Bithiophene P(NDI2OD-T2) Copolymer by Incorporation of Perylene Diimide as Coacceptor. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India 411008
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
| | - Nagesh B. Kolhe
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India 411008
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
| | - Vinay Gupta
- CSIR-Network Institutes of Solar
Energy, New Delhi, India
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - Vishal Bharti
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - Ram Datt
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - Suresh Chand
- CSIR-Network Institutes of Solar
Energy, New Delhi, India
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - S. K. Asha
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India 411008
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
- CSIR-Network Institutes of Solar
Energy, New Delhi, India
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26
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Boufflet P, Wood S, Wade J, Fei Z, Kim JS, Heeney M. Comparing blends and blocks: Synthesis of partially fluorinated diblock polythiophene copolymers to investigate the thermal stability of optical and morphological properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2150-2163. [PMID: 27829922 PMCID: PMC5082479 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure of the active blend layer has been shown to be a critically important factor in the performance of organic solar devices. Block copolymers provide a potentially interesting avenue for controlling this active layer microstructure in solar cell blends. Here we explore the impact of backbone fluorination in block copolymers of poly(3-octyl-4-fluorothiophene)s and poly(3-octylthiophene) (F-P3OT-b-P3OT). Two block co-polymers with varying block lengths were prepared via sequential monomer addition under Kumada catalyst transfer polymerisation (KCTP) conditions. We compare the behavior of the block copolymer to that of the corresponding homopolymer blends. In both types of system, we find the fluorinated segments tend to dominate the UV-visible absorption and molecular vibrational spectral features, as well as the thermal behavior. In the block copolymer case, non-fluorinated segments appear to slightly frustrate the aggregation of the more fluorinated block. However, in situ temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy shows that the intramolecular order is more thermally stable in the block copolymer than in the corresponding blend, suggesting that such materials may be interesting for enhanced thermal stability of organic photovoltaic active layers based on similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boufflet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sebastian Wood
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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27
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Kawabata K, Saito M, Osaka I, Takimiya K. Very Small Bandgap π-Conjugated Polymers with Extended Thienoquinoids. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7725-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Kawabata
- Emergent
Molecular Function Research Group, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Emergent
Molecular Function Research Group, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Emergent
Molecular Function Research Group, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Emergent
Molecular Function Research Group, Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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28
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Zhu Q, Bao X, Yu J, Zhu D, Qiu M, Yang R, Dong L. Compact Layer Free Perovskite Solar Cells with a High-Mobility Hole-Transporting Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:2652-2657. [PMID: 26751498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A high-mobility diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymer (P) was employed in compact layer free CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells as a hole-transporting layer (HTL). By using the P-HTL, the 6.62% device efficiency with conventional poly-3-hexylthiophene was increased to 10.80% in the simple device configuration (ITO/CH3NH3PbI3/HTL/MoO3/Ag). With improved short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, and fill factor, the higher power conversion efficiency of P-HTL device is ascribed to the higher carrier mobility, more suitable energy level, and lower interfacial charge recombination. Advantages of applying P-HTL to perovskite solar cells, such as low cost, low-temperature processing, and excellent performance with simple cell structure, exhibit a possibility for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong 266101, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P. R. China
| | - Dangqiang Zhu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong 266101, P. R. China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong 266101, P. R. China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong 266101, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Hamline University , St. Paul, Minnesota 55104, United States
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29
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Gautam BR, Lee C, Younts R, Lee W, Danilov E, Kim BJ, Gundogdu K. Charge Generation Dynamics in Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells: Influence of Polymer Packing and Morphology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27586-27591. [PMID: 26630116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells exhibit rapid progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 2 to 7.7% over the past few years. While this improvement is primarily attributed to efficient charge transport and balanced mobility between the carriers, not much is known about the charge generation dynamics in these systems. Here we measured exciton relaxation and charge separation dynamics using ultrafast spectroscopy in polymer/polymer blends with different molecular packing and morphology. These measurements indicate that preferential face-on configuration with intermixed nanomorphology increases the charge generation efficiency. In fact, there is a direct quantitative correlation between the free charge population in the ultrafast time scales and the external quantum efficiency, suggesting not only the transport but also charge generation is key for the design of high performance all polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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30
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Wootthikanokkhan J, Khunsriya P, Seeponkai N, Asawapirom U, Keawprajak A. Thermal Behavior and Photovoltaic Performance of Fullerene Grafted Dehydrochlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.958826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Lu L, Zheng T, Wu Q, Schneider AM, Zhao D, Yu L. Recent Advances in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12666-731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2097] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander M. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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32
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Anton AM, Steyrleuthner R, Kossack W, Neher D, Kremer F. Infrared Transition Moment Orientational Analysis on the Structural Organization of the Distinct Molecular Subunits in Thin Layers of a High Mobility n-Type Copolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6034-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Markus Anton
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr.
5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Steyrleuthner
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arminallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Kossack
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr.
5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr.
5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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33
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Chakravarthi N, Gunasekar K, Kim CS, Kim DH, Song M, Park YG, Lee JY, Shin Y, Kang IN, Jin SH. Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Properties of 4,8-Dithienylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-Based Donor–Acceptor Polymers with New Polymerization and 2D Conjugation Extension Pathways: A Potential Donor Building Block for High Performance and Stable Inverted Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nallan Chakravarthi
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumarasamy Gunasekar
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Su Kim
- Surface
Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Surface
Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkwan Song
- Surface
Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-831, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Geun Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Shin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jin
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials,
BK 21 PLUS Team for Advanced Chemical Materials, and Institute for
Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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34
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Geng Y, Huang J, Tajima K, Zeng Q, Zhou E. A low band gap n-type polymer based on dithienosilole and naphthalene diimide for all-polymer solar cells application. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Xiao B, Ding G, Tan Z, Zhou E. A comparison of n-type copolymers based on cyclopentadithiophene and naphthalene diimide/perylene diimides for all-polymer solar cell applications. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT)-based n-type copolymers, PCPDT-NDI and PCPDT-PDI, were synthesized and used in all-polymer solar cells with PCE of 1.12% and 2.13%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Guodong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells
- School of Renewable Energy
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing 102206
- P. R. China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Yangtze River Delta Academy of Nanotechnology and Industry Development Research
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36
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Liu F, Li H, Gu C, Fu H. Effect of alkyl-chain branching position on nanoscale morphology and performance of all-polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13351j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The improved performance of an all-polymer solar cell was attributed to the well-ordered structure of polymer C3 and nanoscale phase separation in a blend film of the polymer, which resulted from manipulating the alkyl-chain branching position of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chunling Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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37
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Mu C, Liu P, Ma W, Jiang K, Zhao J, Zhang K, Chen Z, Wei Z, Yi Y, Wang J, Yang S, Huang F, Facchetti A, Ade H, Yan H. High-efficiency all-polymer solar cells based on a pair of crystalline low-bandgap polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7224-7230. [PMID: 25238661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells based on a pair of crystalline low-bandgap polymers (NT and N2200) are demonstrated to achieve a high short-circuit current density of 11.5 mA cm-2 and a power conversion efficiency of up to 5.0% under the standard AM1.5G spectrum with one sun intensity. The high performance of these NT:N2200-based cells can be attributed to the low optical bandgaps of the polymers and the reasonably high and balanced electron and hole mobilities of the NT:N2200 blends due to the crystalline nature of the two polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, KowLoon, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Earmme T, Hwang YJ, Subramaniyan S, Jenekhe SA. All-polymer bulk heterojuction solar cells with 4.8% efficiency achieved by solution processing from a co-solvent. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6080-6085. [PMID: 25043958 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells with 4.8% power conversion efficiency are achieved via solution processing from a co-solvent. The observed short-circuit current density of 10.5 mA cm(-2) and external quantum efficiency of 61.3% are also the best reported in all-polymer solar cells so far. The results demonstrate that processing the active layer from a co-solvent is an important strategy in achieving highly efficient all-polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeshik Earmme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1750, USA
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39
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Zhou E, Nakano M, Izawa S, Cong J, Osaka I, Takimiya K, Tajima K. All-Polymer Solar Cell with High Near-Infrared Response Based on a Naphthodithiophene Diimide (NDTI) Copolymer. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:872-875. [PMID: 35596351 DOI: 10.1021/mz5004272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-blend solar cells (all-PSCs) based on a copolymer of naphthodithiophene diimide and bithiophene (PNDTI-BT-DT) as a near-infrared absorber as well as an electron acceptor were fabricated in combination with PTB7 as an electron donor. Notably, the external quantum efficiency spectra of the all-PSCs demonstrated photoresponse up to 900 nm with the efficiency of 25% at 800 nm, which is much higher than that for the previously reported all-PSCs. Power conversion efficiency as high as 2.59% was achieved under the irradiation of simulated solar light (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2). Both PNDTI-BT-DT and PTB7 formed a crystalline structure in the blend films similar to in the pristine films, leading to the efficient charge generation contributed from both polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjun Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Izawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junzi Cong
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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40
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Fabiano S, Braun S, Liu X, Weverberghs E, Gerbaux P, Fahlman M, Berggren M, Crispin X. Poly(ethylene imine) impurities induce n-doping reaction in organic (semi)conductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6000-6. [PMID: 25043202 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Volatile impurities contained in polyethyleneimine (PEI), and identified as ethyleneimine dimers and trimers, are reported. These N-based molecules show a strong reducing character, as demonstrated by the change in electrical conductivity of organic (semi)conductors exposed to the PEI vapor. The results prove that electron transfer rather than a dipole effect at the electrode interface is the origin of the work-function modification by the PEI-based layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
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41
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Guo X, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Imide- and amide-functionalized polymer semiconductors. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8943-9021. [PMID: 25181005 DOI: 10.1021/cr500225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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42
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Li Y, Zhang G, Zhang W, Wang J, Chen X, Liu Z, Yan Y, Zhao Y, Zhang D. Arylacetylene-Substituted Naphthalene Diimides with Dual Functions: Optical Waveguides and n-Type Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:3207-14. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Roland S, Schubert M, Collins BA, Kurpiers J, Chen Z, Facchetti A, Ade H, Neher D. Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells with Highly Reduced Bimolecular Recombination and Field-Independent Charge Carrier Generation. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2815-2822. [PMID: 26278084 DOI: 10.1021/jz501506z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photogeneration, recombination, and transport of free charge carriers in all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporating poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as donor and poly([N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthelene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)) (P(NDI2OD-T2)) as acceptor polymer have been investigated by the use of time delayed collection field (TDCF) and time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. Depending on the preparation procedure used to dry the active layers, these solar cells comprise high fill factors (FFs) of up to 67%. A strongly reduced bimolecular recombination (BMR), as well as a field-independent free charge carrier generation are observed, features that are common to high performance fullerene-based solar cells. Resonant soft X-ray measurements (R-SoXS) and photoluminescence quenching experiments (PQE) reveal that the BMR is related to domain purity. Our results elucidate the similarities of this polymeric acceptor with the superior recombination properties of fullerene acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Roland
- †Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcel Schubert
- †Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brian A Collins
- ‡Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- §National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jona Kurpiers
- †Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhihua Chen
- ∥Polyera Corporation, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | | | - Harald Ade
- ‡Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Dieter Neher
- †Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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44
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Cataldo S, Sartorio C, Giannazzo F, Scandurra A, Pignataro B. Self-organization and nanostructural control in thin film heterojunctions. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3566-3575. [PMID: 24352800 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In spite of more than two-decades of studies of molecular self-assembly, the achievement of low cost, easy-to-implement and multi-parameter bottom-up approaches to address the supramolecular morphology in three-dimensional (3D) systems is still missing. In the particular case of molecular thin films, the 3D nanoscale morphology and function are crucial for both fundamental and applied research. Here we show how it is possible to tune the 3D film structure (domain size, branching, etc.) of thin film heterojunctions with nanoscale accuracy together with the modulation of their optoelectronic properties by employing an easy two-step approach. At first we prepared multi-planar heterojunctions with a programmed sequence of nanoscopic layers. In a second step, thermal stimuli have been employed to induce the formation of bulk heterojunctions with bicontinuous and interdigitated phases having a size below the exciton diffusion length. Importantly, the study of luminescence quenching of these systems can be considered as a useful means for the accurate estimation of the exciton diffusion length of semiconductors in nanoscale blends. Finally, nearly a thousand times lower material consumption than spin coating allows a drastic reduction of material wasting and a low-cost implementation, besides the considerable possibility of preparing thin film blends also by employing materials soluble in different solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Cataldo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, V.le delle Scienze, Ed.17 - 90100 Palermo, Italy.
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45
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46
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Ge CW, Mei CY, Ling J, Wang JT, Zhao FG, Liang L, Li HJ, Xie YS, Li WS. Acceptor-acceptor conjugated copolymers based on perylenediimide and benzothiadiazole for all-polymer solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Wu Ge
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Laboratory of Organic Functional Materials and Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chong-Yu Mei
- Laboratory of Organic Functional Materials and Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jun Ling
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jin-Tu Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Functional Materials and Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Fu-Gang Zhao
- Laboratory of Organic Functional Materials and Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Long Liang
- Laboratory of Organic Functional Materials and Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hong-Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Organic Functional Materials and Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yong-Shu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei-Shi Li
- Laboratory of Organic Functional Materials and Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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47
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Wang J, Ueda M, Higashihara T. Synthesis and morphology of all-conjugated donor-acceptor block copolymers based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(naphthalene diimide). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Yamagata University Faculty of Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
- Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems (iFront); Yamagata University Graduate School of Science and Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems (iFront); Yamagata University Graduate School of Science and Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Yamagata University Faculty of Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
- Innovative Flex Course for Frontier Organic Material Systems (iFront); Yamagata University Graduate School of Science and Engineering; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa City Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-1-8, Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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48
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Sharma GD, Reddy MA, Ganesh K, Singh SP, Chandrasekharam M. Indole and triisopropyl phenyl as capping units for a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor central unit: an efficient D–A–D type small molecule for organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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49
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Zhou E, Cong J, Hashimoto K, Tajima K. Control of miscibility and aggregation via the material design and coating process for high-performance polymer blend solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6991-6996. [PMID: 24123294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A power conversion efficiency of 3.6% for an all-polymer solar cell, which is the highest ever reported, is achieved by introducing a conjugated side chain into a p-type polymer to improve the miscibility of the polymer blend and by adding small amounts of 1,8-diiodooctane to increase the aggregation of n-type polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjun Zhou
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
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50
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Duan X, Ma H, Xu W, Zhou Z, Ren F. A facile approach to the synthesis of CdSe/P3HT nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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