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Larkey NE, Obiorah IE. Advances and Progress in Automated Urine Analyzers. Clin Lab Med 2024; 44:409-421. [PMID: 39089747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The clinical analysis of urine has classically focused on conventional chemical-based urinalysis and urine microscopy. Contemporary advances in both analysis subsets have started to employ new technologies such as automated image analysis, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry. In addition to new detection technologies, current analyzers have incorporated more advanced imaging, automated sample handing, and machine learning analyses into their workflow. The most advanced semiautomated analyzers can be interfaced with hospital medical record systems, and in the point-of-care setting, smartphones can be used for image analysis. This review will discuss current technological advancements in the field of urinalysis and urine microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Larkey
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Chemistry, University of Virginia Health, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ifeyinwa E Obiorah
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, University of Virginia Health, 1215 Lee street, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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2
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Rypar T, Bezdekova J, Pavelicova K, Vodova M, Adam V, Vaculovicova M, Macka M. Low-tech vs. high-tech approaches in μPADs as a result of contrasting needs and capabilities of developed and developing countries focusing on diagnostics and point-of-care testing. Talanta 2024; 266:124911. [PMID: 37536103 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based analysis has captivated scientists' attention in the field of analytical chemistry and related areas for the last two decades. Arguably no other area of modern chemical analysis is so broad and diverse in its approaches spanning from simple 'low-tech' low-cost paper-based analytical devices (PADs) requiring no or simple instrumentation, to sophisticated PADs and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) featuring elements of modern material science and nanomaterials affording high selectivity and sensitivity. Correspondingly diverse is the applicability, covering resource-limited scenarios on the one hand and most advanced approaches on the other. Herein we offer a view reflecting this diversity in the approaches and types of devices. The core idea of this article rests in dividing μPADs according to their type into two groups: A) instrumentation-free μPADs for resource-limited scenarios or developing countries and B) instrumentation-based μPADs as futuristic POC devices for e-diagnostics mainly aimed at developed countries. Each of those two groups is presented and discussed with the view of the main requirements in the given area, the most common targets, sample types and suitable detection approaches either implementing high-tech elements or low-tech low-cost approaches. Finally, a socioeconomic perspective is offered in discussing the fabrication and operational costs of μPADs, and, future perspectives are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rypar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Bezdekova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Pavelicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Vodova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mirek Macka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science and School o Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS, 7001, Australia.
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3
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Sang J, Cheng J, Hu H, Liu K, Guo J, Guo J. Portable dual-channel blood enzyme analyzer for point-of-care liver function detection. Analyst 2023; 148:6020-6027. [PMID: 37885378 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Because the liver is an important metabolic center in the human body, the reliability and timeliness of chronic liver disease diagnosis are particularly important. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase are the two most important liver function indicators, and their test results are crucial in the diagnosis of liver diseases. However, the simultaneous detection of these two indicators is currently restricted by the need for expensive equipment and complicated detection processes. This study proposes a portable dual-channel blood enzyme analyzer (BEA) for point-of-care-testing. The device uses photometric reflectance to quantify the enzyme concentration by evaluating the reflected light intensity. The BEA also precisely controls and maintains the temperature at 37 °C ± 0.1 °C in the dual-channel assay. We assessed the responses of this system within a clinically relevant range by testing blood samples from a local hospital. The test verified that BEA for ALT and AST achieved a detection limit of 3.5 U L-1 and 4 U L-1, detection range of 4-350 U L-1 and 4-250 U L-1, coefficients of variation (CV) that were both less than 10%, and a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9827 and 0.9714 compared with a high-precision clinical biochemistry analyzer (Roche Cobas C702), respectively. We realized remote data analysis and storage through connection with smartphones, which can be applied to remote diagnostics and preventative personal disease management. Therefore, BEA has broad application prospects in the future internet of medical things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Sang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Honghua Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- The M. O. E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbanizamani F, Beduk T, Beduk D, Ozufuklar O, Guler Celik E, Timur S. Emerging trends in nanomaterial design for the development of point-of-care platforms and practical applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115623. [PMID: 37542827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offer promising opportunities in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics and therapeutics due to their unique physical and chemical properties. POC platforms aim to provide rapid and portable diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities at the site of patient care, offering cost-effective solutions. Incorporating nanomaterials with distinct optical, electrical, and magnetic properties can revolutionize the POC industry, significantly enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of diagnostic and theragnostic devices. By leveraging nanoparticles and nanofibers in POC devices, nanomaterials have the potential to improve the accuracy and speed of diagnostic tests, making them more practical for POC settings. Technological advancements, such as smartphone integration, imagery instruments, and attachments, complement and expand the application scope of POCs, reducing invasiveness by enabling analysis of various matrices like saliva and breath. These integrated testing platforms facilitate procedures without compromising diagnosis quality. This review provides a summary of recent trends in POC technologies utilizing nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for analyzing disease biomarkers. It highlights advances in device development, nanomaterial design, and their applications in POC. Additionally, complementary tools used in POC and nanomaterials are discussed, followed by critical analysis of challenges and future directions for these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH: Sensor Systems, Europastrasse 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Duygu Beduk
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ozufuklar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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5
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Naghdi T, Ardalan S, Asghari Adib Z, Sharifi AR, Golmohammadi H. Moving toward smart biomedical sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115009. [PMID: 36565545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel biomedical sensors as highly promising devices/tools in early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of many diseases and disorders has recently witnessed unprecedented growth; more and faster than ever. Nonetheless, on the eve of Industry 5.0 and by learning from defects of current sensors in smart diagnostics of pandemics, there is still a long way to go to achieve the ideal biomedical sensors capable of meeting the growing needs and expectations for smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing through eHealth systems. Herein, an overview is provided to highlight the importance and necessity of an inevitable transition in the era of digital health/Healthcare 4.0 towards smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing and how to approach it via new digital technologies including Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, IoT gateways (smartphones, readers), etc. This review will bring together the different types of smartphone/reader-based biomedical sensors, which have been employing for a wide variety of optical/electrical/electrochemical biosensing applications and paving the way for future eHealth diagnostic devices by moving towards smart biomedical sensing. Here, alongside highlighting the characteristics/criteria that should be met by the developed sensors towards smart biomedical sensing, the challenging issues ahead are delineated along with a comprehensive outlook on this extremely necessary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Naghdi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Ardalan
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Asghari Adib
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Sharifi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Golmohammadi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Zheng QY, Ren P, Cheng L, Liu H, Zhao R, Lv Y, Geng Z, Lu K, Ni M, Zhang GQ. Leukocyte Esterase Strip Quantitative Detection Based on RGB Photometry is a Probable Method to Diagnose Periprosthetic Joint Infection: An Exploratory Study. Orthop Surg 2023; 15:983-992. [PMID: 36782275 PMCID: PMC10102294 DOI: 10.1111/os.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leucocyte esterase (LE) strip test is the most rapid, convenient, and cheap method to diagnose chronic periprosthesis joint infection (PJI). However, the determination of LE strip mainly relies on colorimetric method with strong subjectivity, which leads to low diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, we try to convert LE strip images into digital data through the RGB photometric system to achieve objective diagnosis. This method will greatly improve the accuracy of LE strip detection and diagnosis of PJI. METHODS From January 2021 to September 2021, 46 patients with suspected PJI after total hip and knee arthroplasty underwent diagnostic joint puncture. After effective joint fluid samples were harvested, they were divided into original fluid and centrifuged fluid for LE strip detection. Real-time images of LE strip were taken at 90 s, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min after sampling, and their brightness (Y) was obtained after they were input into an RGB photometric system. Grouping was based on centrifugation, infection, and time points, and then the differences in brightness among groups were compared. The correlation between LE strip image brightness and WBC count was evaluated. Student t-test was used for the parametric data and chi-square test for qualitative data. Simple linear regression was utilized to analyze the correlation between brightness and WBC count in each group. RESULTS Included were 19 cases of PJI and 27 Non-PJI subjects diagnosed against ICM2018 diagnostic criteria. The brightness was lower in the PJI group than in Non-PJI group (p < 0.05). The brightness of the uncentrifuged group was lower than that of the centrifuged group (p < 0.05). Irrespective of centrifugation or infection, the brightness of LE strip decreased with the exposure time after sampling. The brightness of LE strip was correlated with WBC count at different time points, with the correlation being strongest 5 min after sampling (R2 (5 min) = 0.86, p < 0.0001). The correlation between LE strip brightness and WBC count was also found in the centrifugation group, with the correlation being most robust 15 min after sampling (R2 (15 min) = 0.73, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION A remarkable correlation was found between LE strip brightness and the WBC count. It is feasible to directly quantify LE strip image on a RGB photometer to achieve quantitative detection of LE strip to diagnose PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Zheng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Runkai Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yicun Lv
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjie Geng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Parween S, Asthana A, Nahar P. Fundamentals of Image-Based Assay (IBA) System for Affordable Point of Care Diagnostics. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Noviana E, Ozer T, Carrell CS, Link JS, McMahon C, Jang I, Henry CS. Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11835-11885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eka Noviana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
| | - Tugba Ozer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey 34220
| | - Cody S. Carrell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Link
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Catherine McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ilhoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea 04763
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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9
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Merazzo KJ, Totoricaguena-Gorriño J, Fernández-Martín E, del Campo FJ, Baldrich E. Smartphone-Enabled Personalized Diagnostics: Current Status and Future Prospects. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061067. [PMID: 34207908 PMCID: PMC8230325 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smartphones are becoming increasingly versatile thanks to the wide variety of sensor and actuator systems packed in them. Mobile devices today go well beyond their original purpose as communication devices, and this enables important new applications, ranging from augmented reality to the Internet of Things. Personalized diagnostics is one of the areas where mobile devices can have the greatest impact. Hitherto, the camera and communication abilities of these devices have been barely exploited for point of care (POC) purposes. This short review covers the recent evolution of mobile devices in the area of POC diagnostics and puts forward some ideas that may facilitate the development of more advanced applications and devices in the area of personalized diagnostics. With this purpose, the potential exploitation of wireless power and actuation of sensors and biosensors using near field communication (NFC), the use of the screen as a light source for actuation and spectroscopic analysis, using the haptic module to enhance mass transport in micro volumes, and the use of magnetic sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Jaimes Merazzo
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (K.J.M.); (J.T.-G.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Joseba Totoricaguena-Gorriño
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (K.J.M.); (J.T.-G.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Martín
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (K.J.M.); (J.T.-G.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - F. Javier del Campo
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (K.J.M.); (J.T.-G.); (E.F.-M.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.d.C.); (E.B)
| | - Eva Baldrich
- Diagnostic Nanotools Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.d.C.); (E.B)
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10
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Sun BR, Zhou AG, Li X, Yu HZ. Development and Application of Mobile Apps for Molecular Sensing: A Review. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1731-1744. [PMID: 33955727 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern smartphone-based sensing devices are generally standalone detection platforms that can transduce signals (via the built-in USB port, audio jack, or camera), perform analysis through mobile applications (apps), and display results on the screen/user interface. The advancement toward this ultimate form of on-site chemical analysis and point-of-care diagnosis is tied closely with the evolution of mobile technology. Previous reviews in the field mainly focused on the physical platforms while overlooking the role of mobile apps in such devices. There exist three general stages throughout the development: (1) early generation telemedicine, (2) mobile phone-assisted clinical diagnosis (without apps), and (3) mobile app-based sensing devices for various analytes. This review presents the key breakthroughs during each stage, recent development, remaining challenges, and future perspectives of the field. Representative examples, spanning from the pioneering point-of-care testing to the latest devices with integrated mobile apps, are classified by their sensing mechanisms. The review also discusses the scarcity of open-source apps dedicated to molecular sensing. With the introduction of more open-source and commercial apps, the mobile app-based detection system is anticipated to dominate point-of-care diagnosis and on-site molecular sensing in our opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta R. Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alvin G. Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xiaochun Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
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Brooks SM, Alper HS. Applications, challenges, and needs for employing synthetic biology beyond the lab. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1390. [PMID: 33654085 PMCID: PMC7925609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology holds great promise for addressing global needs. However, most current developments are not immediately translatable to 'outside-the-lab' scenarios that differ from controlled laboratory settings. Challenges include enabling long-term storage stability as well as operating in resource-limited and off-the-grid scenarios using autonomous function. Here we analyze recent advances in developing synthetic biological platforms for outside-the-lab scenarios with a focus on three major application spaces: bioproduction, biosensing, and closed-loop therapeutic and probiotic delivery. Across the Perspective, we highlight recent advances, areas for further development, possibilities for future applications, and the needs for innovation at the interface of other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra M Brooks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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12
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Telemedicine for Pre-Employment Medical Examinations and Follow-Up Visits on Board Ships: A Narrative Review on the Feasibility. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9010069. [PMID: 33451120 PMCID: PMC7828583 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine has already been applied to various medical specialties for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up visits for the general population. Telemedicine has also proven effective by providing advice, diagnosis, and treatment to seafarers during emergency medical events onboard ships. However, it has not yet been applied for pre-employment medical examinations and follow-up visits on board ships. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to assess the possibility of using telemedicine during periodic visits between one pre-employment medical examination and others on board ships, and to recommend necessary medical examination tests with screening intervals for seafarers. METHODS Various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were explored using different keywords, titles, and abstracts. Studies published between 1999 and 2019, in English, in peer-reviewed journal articles, and that are conference proceedings were considered. Finally, the studies included in this review were chosen on the basis of the eligibility criteria. RESULTS Out of a total of 168 studies, 85 studies were kept for further analysis after removing the duplicates. A further independent screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in the withdrawal of 51 studies that were not further considered for our analysis. Finally, 32 studies were left, which were critically reviewed. Out of 32 accepted studies, 10 studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in monitoring and managing remote patients with heart failure, early diagnosis, and postoperative screening. In 15 studies, telespirometry was found to be effective in diagnosing and ruling out diseases, detecting lung abnormalities, and managing patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Seven studies reported that telenephrology was effective, precise, accurate, and usable by non-medical personnel and that it reduced sample analysis times and procedures in laboratories. CONCLUSION using new technologies such as high-speed internet, video conferencing, and digital examination, personnel are able to make the necessary tests and perform virtual medical examination on board ships with necessary training.
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13
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Lee D, Kim I, Lee SW, Lee G, Yoon DS. RETRACTED CHAPTER: Technical Features and Challenges of the Paper-Based Colorimetric Assay. Bioanalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8723-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Parween S, Bhatnagar I, Bhosale S, Paradkar S, Michael IJ, Rao CM, Asthana A. Cross-linked chitosan biofunctionalized paper-based microfluidic device towards long term stabilization of blood typing antibodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1233-1239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Zheng QY, Zhang GQ. Application of leukocyte esterase strip test in the screening of periprosthetic joint infections and prospects of high-precision strips. ARTHROPLASTY 2020; 2:34. [PMID: 35236471 PMCID: PMC8796411 DOI: 10.1186/s42836-020-00053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents one of the most challenging complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Despite the availability of a variety of diagnostic techniques, the diagnosis of PJI remains a challenge due to the lack of well-established diagnostic criteria. The leucocyte esterase (LE) strips test has been proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool for PJI, and its weight in PJI diagnostic criteria has gradually increased. Characterized by its convenience, speed and immediacy, leucocyte esterase strips test has a prospect of broad application in PJI diagnosis. Admittedly, the leucocyte esterase strips test has some limitations, such as imprecision and liability to interference. Thanks to the application of new technologies, such as machine reading, quantitative detection and artificial intelligence, the LE strips test is expected to overcome the limitations and improve its accuracy.
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16
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Murray LP, Mace CR. Usability as a guiding principle for the design of paper-based, point-of-care devices - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1140:236-249. [PMID: 33218486 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to their portability, versatility for supporting multiple assay formats, and potential for resulting in low-cost assays, paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are an increasingly popular format as a platform for the development of point-of-care tests. However, very few PADs have been translated successfully to their intended environments outside of academic settings. Often overlooked as a factor that inhibits translation, usability is a vital characteristic of any successful point-of-care test. Recent advancements in PAD design have demonstrated improved usability by simplifying various aspects of user operation, including sample collection, sample processing, device operation, detection, and readout/interpretation. Field testing at various stages of device design can offer critical feedback about device usability, especially when it involves the proposed end-user or other stakeholders. By highlighting advances in usability, we aim to encourage thoughtful and rigorous design at the academic prototyping stage to address one outstanding hurdle that limits the number of PADs that make it from the benchtop to the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Charles R Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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17
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Kim JJ, Stafford GR, Beauchamp C, Kim SA. Development of a Dental Implantable Temperature Sensor for Real-Time Diagnosis of Infectious Disease. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20143953. [PMID: 32708671 PMCID: PMC7412512 DOI: 10.3390/s20143953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Implantable sensors capable of real-time measurements are powerful tools to diagnose disease and maintain health by providing continuous or regular biometric monitoring. In this paper, we present a dental implantable temperature sensor that can send early warning signals in real time before the implant fails. Using a microfabrication process on a flexible polyimide film, we successfully fabricated a multi-channel temperature sensor that can be wrapped around a dental implant abutment wing. In addition, the feasibility, durability, and implantability of the sensor were investigated. First, high linearity and repeatability between electrical resistance and temperature confirmed the feasibility of the sensor with a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value of 3.33 × 10–3/°C between 20 and 100 °C. Second, constant TCR values and robust optical images without damage validated sufficient thermal, chemical, and mechanical durability in the sensor’s performance and structures. Lastly, the elastic response of the sensor’s flexible substrate film to thermal and humidity variations, simulating in the oral environment, suggested its successful long-term implantability. Based on these findings, we have successfully developed a polymer-based flexible temperature sensor for dental implant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Kim
- American Dental Association Science & Research Institute, American Dental Association, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - Gery R. Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (G.R.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Carlos Beauchamp
- Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (G.R.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Shin Ae Kim
- American Dental Association Science & Research Institute, American Dental Association, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-975-6805
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18
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Kong T, You JB, Zhang B, Nguyen B, Tarlan F, Jarvi K, Sinton D. Accessory-free quantitative smartphone imaging of colorimetric paper-based assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1991-1999. [PMID: 31044203 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00165d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The combination of smartphone technology and colorimetric paper-based microfluidics can enable simple, inexpensive diagnostics. However, imaging colorimetric diagnostic results via smartphones currently requires accessories to mitigate the influence of variability in surrounding lighting conditions. Here, we present an accessory-free smartphone-based colorimetric imaging method that enlists the built-in LED light source to dominate ambient lighting in combination with background and colour rescaling. This simple approach enables quantitative measurements from paper-based tests by compensating for different environmental lighting conditions and is universally applicable with respect to phone models and manufacturers. We demonstrate the method with three dominant phone makes and models in a cell counting application with a paper-based yeast detection device. The detection results are in good agreement with cell counting using automated cell counters. Eliminating the need for make/model specific accessories, this approach helps realize the potential for low-cost, broadly applicable paper-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Kong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8 Canada.
| | - Jae Bem You
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8 Canada.
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8 Canada. and Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Brian Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8 Canada.
| | - Farhang Tarlan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8 Canada.
| | - Keith Jarvi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8 Canada.
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19
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Burklund A, Saturley-Hall HK, Franchina FA, Hill JE, Zhang JX. Printable QR code paper microfluidic colorimetric assay for screening volatile biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 128:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Christodouleas DC, Kaur B, Chorti P. From Point-of-Care Testing to eHealth Diagnostic Devices (eDiagnostics). ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1600-1616. [PMID: 30648144 PMCID: PMC6311959 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care devices were originally designed to allow medical testing at or near the point of care by health-care professionals. Some point-of-care devices allow medical self-testing at home but cannot fully cover the growing diagnostic needs of eHealth systems that are under development in many countries. A number of easy-to-use, network-connected diagnostic devices for self-testing are needed to allow remote monitoring of patients' health. This Outlook highlights the essential characteristics of diagnostic devices for eHealth settings and indicates point-of-care technologies that may lead to the development of new devices. It also describes the most representative examples of simple-to-use, point-of-care devices that have been used for analysis of untreated biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Parthena Chorti
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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21
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Oyaert M, Delanghe J. Progress in Automated Urinalysis. Ann Lab Med 2018; 39:15-22. [PMID: 30215225 PMCID: PMC6143458 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2019.39.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New technological advances have paved the way for significant progress in automated urinalysis. Quantitative reading of urinary test strips using reflectometry has become possible, while complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has enhanced analytical sensitivity and shown promise in microalbuminuria testing. Microscopy-based urine particle analysis has greatly progressed over the past decades, enabling high throughput in clinical laboratories. Urinary flow cytometry is an alternative for automated microscopy, and more thorough analysis of flow cytometric data has enabled rapid differentiation of urinary microorganisms. Integration of dilution parameters (e.g., creatinine, specific gravity, and conductivity) in urine test strip readers and urine particle flow cytometers enables correction for urinary dilution, which improves result interpretation. Automated urinalysis can be used for urinary tract screening and for diagnosing and monitoring a broad variety of nephrological and urological conditions; newer applications show promising results for early detection of urothelial cancer. Concomitantly, the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has enabled fast identification of urinary pathogens. Automation and workflow simplification have led to mechanical integration of test strip readers and particle analysis in urinalysis. As the information obtained by urinalysis is complex, the introduction of expert systems may further reduce analytical errors and improve the quality of sediment and test strip analysis. With the introduction of laboratory-on-a-chip approaches and the use of microfluidics, new affordable applications for quantitative urinalysis and readout on cell phones may become available. In this review, we present the main recent developments in automated urinalysis and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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A Diffusion-Based pH Regulator in Laminar Flows with Smartphone-Based Colorimetric Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9120616. [PMID: 30477093 PMCID: PMC6315573 DOI: 10.3390/mi9120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for an on-chip pH regulator is demonstrated computationally and experimentally, based on the diffusion characteristics of aqueous ionic solutions. Micro-flows with specific pH values are formed based on the diffusion behaviors of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in laminar flows. The final achieved pH value and its gradient in the channel can be regulated by the amount of ions transported between laminar flows, and the experimental results can be further generalized based on the normalized Nernst-Planck equation. A smartphone was applied as an image capture and analysis instrument to quantify pH values of liquids in a colorimetric detection process, with monotonic response range of ~1⁻13.
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23
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Pham NM, Karlen W, Beck HP, Delamarche E. Malaria and the 'last' parasite: how can technology help? Malar J 2018; 17:260. [PMID: 29996831 PMCID: PMC6042346 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria, together with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and hepatitis are the four most deadly infectious diseases globally. Progress in eliminating malaria has saved millions of lives, but also creates new challenges in detecting the 'last parasite'. Effective and accurate detection of malaria infections, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals are needed. In this review, the current progress in developing new diagnostic tools to fight malaria is presented. An ideal rapid test for malaria elimination is envisioned with examples to demonstrate how innovative technologies can assist the global defeat against this disease. Diagnostic gaps where technology can bring an impact to the elimination campaign for malaria are identified. Finally, how a combination of microfluidic-based technologies and smartphone-based read-outs could potentially represent the next generation of rapid diagnostic tests is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Pham
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Karlen
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Lengghalde 5, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Beck
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland.
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24
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Miller BS, Parolo C, Turbé V, Keane CE, Gray ER, McKendry RA. Quantifying Biomolecular Binding Constants using Video Paper Analytical Devices. Chemistry 2018; 24:9783-9787. [PMID: 29772094 PMCID: PMC6055620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel ultra-low-cost biochemical analysis platform to quantify protein dissociation binding constants and kinetics using paper microfluidics is reported. This approach marries video imaging with one of humankind's oldest materials: paper, requiring no large, expensive laboratory equipment, complex microfluidics or external power. Temporal measurements of nanoparticle-antibody conjugates binding on paper is found to follow the Langmuir Adsorption Model. This is exploited to measure a series of antibody-antigen dissociation constants on paper, showing excellent agreement with a gold-standard benchtop interferometer. The concept is demonstrated with a camera and low-end smartphone, 500-fold cheaper than the reference method, and can be multiplexed to measure ten reactions in parallel. These findings will help to widen access to quantitative analytical biochemistry, for diverse applications spanning disease diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental analysis in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Miller
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London17–19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AHUK
- Division of MedicineUniversity College London, Cruciform BuildingGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Claudio Parolo
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London17–19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AHUK
| | - Valérian Turbé
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London17–19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AHUK
- Division of MedicineUniversity College London, Cruciform BuildingGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Candice E. Keane
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London17–19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AHUK
- Division of MedicineUniversity College London, Cruciform BuildingGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Eleanor R. Gray
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London17–19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AHUK
| | - Rachel A. McKendry
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London17–19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AHUK
- Division of MedicineUniversity College London, Cruciform BuildingGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
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25
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Smith GT, Li L, Zhu Y, Bowden AK. Low-power, low-cost urinalysis system with integrated dipstick evaluation and microscopic analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2111-2123. [PMID: 29926053 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a coupled dipstick and microscopy device for analyzing urine samples. The device is capable of accurately assessing urine dipstick results while simultaneously imaging the microscopic contents within the sample. We introduce a long working distance, cellphone-based microscope in combination with an oblique illumination scheme to accurately visualize and quantify particles within the urine sample. To facilitate accurate quantification, we couple the imaging set-up with a power-free filtration system. The proposed device is reusable, low-cost, and requires very little power. We show that results obtained with the proposed device and custom-built app are consistent with those obtained with the standard clinical protocol, suggesting the potential clinical utility of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennifer T Smith
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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26
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Nagy B, Al-Rawhani MA, Cheah BC, Barrett MP, Cumming DRS. Immunoassay Multiplexing on a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Photodiode Array. ACS Sens 2018; 3:953-959. [PMID: 29652490 PMCID: PMC5974700 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scalable immunoassay multiplexing offers a route to creating rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. We present a method for multiplexing immunoassays on the surface of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor array integrated circuit (IC) without the use of physical separators such as wells or channels. Major advantages of using a CMOS sensor array include low mass-manufacturing costs, the possibility to multiplex multiple assays on a single IC, and improved signal when averaging multiple sensors, along with providing a platform where wash steps can be incorporated to maximize selectivity and sensitivity compared to paper based lateral flow immunoassay. The device was able to differentiate between samples containing either, neither, or both rabbit anti-mouse (RAM) antibodies and/or anti-HIV gp120 antibodies in serum using a gold-nanoparticle promoted silver enhancement immunoassay. HIV antibody concentrations down to 100 μg/mL were readily detected, which is three times lower than those typically found in infected humans (300-500 μg/mL), and the limit of detection was 10 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Nagy
- School of Engineering and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation
& Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Rawhani
- School of Engineering and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation
& Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Boon Chong Cheah
- School of Engineering and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation
& Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- School of Engineering and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation
& Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - David R. S. Cumming
- School of Engineering and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation
& Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
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27
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Lee W, Gonzalez A, Arguelles P, Guevara R, Gonzalez‐Guerrero MJ, Gomez FA. Thread/paper‐ and paper‐based microfluidic devices for glucose assays employing artificial neural networks. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1443-1451. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Ariana Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Paolo Arguelles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Ricardo Guevara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | - Frank A. Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Los Angeles CA USA
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28
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Ra M, Muhammad MS, Lim C, Han S, Jung C, Kim WY. Smartphone-Based Point-of-Care Urinalysis Under Variable Illumination. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2017; 6:2800111. [PMID: 29333352 PMCID: PMC5764119 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2017.2765631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Urine tests are performed by using an off-the-shelf reference sheet to compare the color of test strips. However, the tabular representation is difficult to use and more prone to visual errors, especially when the reference color-swatches to be compared are spatially apart. Thus, making it is difficult to distinguish between the subtle differences of shades on the reagent pads. This manuscript represents a new arrangement of reference arrays for urine test strips (urinalysis). Reference color swatches are grouped in a doughnut chart, surrounding each reagent pad on the strip. The urine test can be evaluated using naked eye by referring to the strip with no additional sheet necessary. Along with this new strip, an algorithm for smartphone based application is also proposed as an alternative to deliver diagnostic results. The proposed colorimetric detection method evaluates the captured image of the strip, under various color spaces and evaluates ten different tests for urine. Thus, the proposed system can deliver results on the spot using both naked eye and smartphone. The proposed scheme delivered accurate results under various environmental illumination conditions without any calibration requirements, exhibiting performances suitable for real-life applications and an ease for a common user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsoo Ra
- Department of Electronics and Computer EngineeringHanyang University
| | - Mannan Saeed Muhammad
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of Information and CommunicationSungkyunkwan University
| | - Chiawei Lim
- Department of Electronics and Computer EngineeringHanyang University.,Skymind Corporation
| | - Sehui Han
- Department of Electronics and Computer EngineeringHanyang University.,LG Electronics
| | - Chansung Jung
- Department of Intelligent Robot EngineeringHanyang University
| | - Whoi-Yul Kim
- Department of Electronic EngineeringHanyang University
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29
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Jalal UM, Jin GJ, Shim JS. Paper–Plastic Hybrid Microfluidic Device for Smartphone-Based Colorimetric Analysis of Urine. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13160-13166. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uddin M. Jalal
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department
of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Jun Jin
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department
of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon S. Shim
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department
of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
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30
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Pilavaki E, Demosthenous A. Optimized Lateral Flow Immunoassay Reader for the Detection of Infectious Diseases in Developing Countries. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112673. [PMID: 29156618 PMCID: PMC5713649 DOI: 10.3390/s17112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Detection and control of infectious diseases is a major problem, especially in developing countries. Lateral flow immunoassays can be used with great success for the detection of infectious diseases. However, for the quantification of their results an electronic reader is required. This paper presents an optimized handheld electronic reader for developing countries. It features a potentially low-cost, low-power, battery-operated device with no added optical accessories. The operation of this proof of concept device is based on measuring the reflected light from the lateral flow immunoassay and translating it into the concentration of the specific analyte of interest. Characterization of the surface of the lateral flow immunoassay has been performed in order to accurately model its response to the incident light. Ray trace simulations have been performed to optimize the system and achieve maximum sensitivity by placing all the components in optimum positions. A microcontroller enables all the signal processing to be performed on the device and a Bluetooth module allows transmission of the results wirelessly to a mobile phone app. Its performance has been validated using lateral flow immunoassays with influenza A nucleoprotein in the concentration range of 0.5 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Pilavaki
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE London, UK.
| | - Andreas Demosthenous
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE London, UK.
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32
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Delanghe JR, Himpe J, De Cock N, Delanghe S, De Herde K, Stove V, Speeckaert MM. Sensitive albuminuria analysis using dye-binding based test strips. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 471:107-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Verma MS, Tsaloglou MN, Sisley T, Christodouleas D, Chen A, Milette J, Whitesides GM. Sliding-strip microfluidic device enables ELISA on paper. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 99:77-84. [PMID: 28738231 PMCID: PMC5628584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device that can be used to conduct an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The device comprises two parts: a sliding strip (which contains the active sensing area) and a structure surrounding the sliding strip (which holds stored reagents—buffers, antibodies, and enzymatic substrate—and distributes fluid). Running an ELISA involves adding sample (e.g. blood) and water, moving the sliding strip at scheduled times, and analyzing the resulting color in the sensing area visually or using a flatbed scanner. We demonstrate that this device can be used to detect C-reactive protein (CRP)—a biomarker for neonatal sepsis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases—at a concentration range of 1–100 ng/mL in 1000-fold diluted blood (1–100 µg/mL in undiluted blood). The accuracy of the device (as characterized by the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve) is 89% and 83% for cut-offs of 10 ng/mL (for neonatal sepsis and pelvic inflammatory disease) and 30 ng/mL (for inflammatory bowel diseases) CRP in 1000-fold diluted blood respectively. In resource-limited settings, the device can be used as a part of a kit (containing the device, a fixed-volume capillary, a pre-filled tube, a syringe, and a dropper); this kit would cost ~ $0.50 when produced in large scale (>100,000 devices/week). This kit has the technical characteristics to be employed as a pre-screening tool, when combined with other data such as patient history and clinical signs. 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device performs ELISA with colorimetric results. Two components enable separation of reagents in the device: a sliding-strip and a functional dock. All required reagents (antibodies, enzyme, substrate, buffers) are stored in the device. User only needs to add sample and water using the provided kit. Device can detect C-reactive protein for possible pre-screening of neonatal sepsis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit S Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Maria-Nefeli Tsaloglou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Diagnostics for All, 4 Technology Way, Salem, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tyler Sisley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dionysios Christodouleas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Austin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jonathan Milette
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Myers NM, Leung IC, McGee SW, Eggleson K, Lieberman M. Green design of a paper test card for urinary iodine analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179716. [PMID: 28658293 PMCID: PMC5489186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When young children do not receive adequate amounts of the micronutrient iodine in their diet, their growth and cognitive development can be impaired. Nearly every country in the world has programs in place to track iodine intake and provide supplemental iodine if needed, usually in the form of fortified salt. The iodine nutrition status of a population can be tracked by monitoring iodine levels in urine samples to see if the median value falls in the range of 100–300 micrograms of iodine per liter of urine (μg I/L), which indicates adequate or more than adequate iodine nutrition. Many low and middle-income countries (LMIC) do not have a laboratory capable of carrying out this challenging assay, so samples must be sent out for assay in external labs, which is expensive and time-consuming. In most LMIC, population iodine surveys are carried out every 5–10 years, which limits the utility of the data for program monitoring and evaluation. To solve this problem, we developed a field-friendly paper test card that uses the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction to measure urinary iodine levels. A blind internal validation study showed that 93% of samples (n = 60) of iodide in an artificial urine matrix were categorized correctly by visual analysis as deficient, adequate, or excessive for levels set forth by the World Health Organization. Quantitative measurements based on computer image analysis had an error of 40 ± 20 μg I/L (n = 35 for samples in the calibration range) and these results categorized 88% of the samples (n = 60) correctly. We employed lifecycle analysis principles to address the known toxicity of arsenic, which is an obligatory reagent in the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Disposal of the cards in a landfill (their most likely destination after use) could let arsenic leach into groundwater; toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests showed that the level of arsenic leached from the cards was 28.78 ppm, which is above the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s limit of 5 parts per million for solid waste. We integrated a remediation module into the card. This module contains oxone, to oxidize As(III) to As(V) oxyacids, and the iron oxide goethite. TCLP testing showed that the leachable amount of arsenic was reduced by at least 97.6%—from 28.8 ppm to lower than 0.7 ± 0.7 ppm (n = 20). This upstream intervention rendered the test card suitable for landfilling while retaining its functionality to perform a critical public health evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Myers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ivan C. Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sean W. McGee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Eggleson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ML); (KE)
| | - Marya Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ML); (KE)
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Yamada K, Shibata H, Suzuki K, Citterio D. Toward practical application of paper-based microfluidics for medical diagnostics: state-of-the-art and challenges. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1206-1249. [PMID: 28251200 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01577h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have emerged as a promising diagnostic platform a decade ago. In contrast to highly active academic developments, their entry into real-life applications is still very limited. This discrepancy is attributed to the gap between research developments and their practical utility, particularly in the aspects of operational simplicity, long-term stability of devices, and associated equipment. On the basis of these backgrounds, this review attempts to: 1) identify the reasons for success of paper-based devices already in the market, 2) describe the current status and remaining issues of μPADs in terms of operational complexity, signal interpretation approaches, and storage stability, and 3) discuss the possibility of mass production based on established manufacturing technologies. Finally, the state-of-the-art in commercialisation of μPADs is discussed, and the "upgrades" required from a laboratory-based prototype to an end user device are demonstrated on a specific example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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Morbioli GG, Mazzu-Nascimento T, Stockton AM, Carrilho E. Technical aspects and challenges of colorimetric detection with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 970:1-22. [PMID: 28433054 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based devices are a leading alternative among the main analytical tools for point-of-care testing, due to their portability, low-cost, and ease-of-use. Colorimetric readouts are the most common method of detection in these microfluidic devices, enabling qualitative, semi-quantitative and fully quantitative analysis of multiple analytes. There is a multitude of ways to obtain a colorimetric output in such devices, including nanoparticles, dyes, redox and pH indicators, and each has unique drawbacks and benefits. There are also multiple variables that impact the analysis of colorimetric reactions in microfluidic paper-based systems, including color homogeneity, image capture methods, and the data handling itself. Here, we present a critical review of recent developments and challenges of colorimetric detection on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), and present thoughts and insights towards future perspectives in the area to improve the use of colorimetric readouts in conjunction with μPADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gianini Morbioli
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Thiago Mazzu-Nascimento
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda M Stockton
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Murdock RC, Gallegos KM, Hagen JA, Kelley-Loughnane N, Weiss AA, Papautsky I. Development of a point-of-care diagnostic for influenza detection with antiviral treatment effectiveness indication. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:332-340. [PMID: 27966711 PMCID: PMC5241167 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently, diagnosis of influenza is performed either through tedious polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or through rapid antigen detection assays. The rapid antigen detection assays available today are highly specific but not very sensitive, and most importantly, lack the ability to show if the strain of influenza detected is susceptible to antiviral agents, such as Tamiflu and Relenza. The ability to rapidly determine if a patient has an infectious disease and what type of treatment the infection will respond to, would significantly reduce the treatment decision time, shorten the impact of symptoms, and minimize transfer to others. In this study, a novel, point-of-care style μPAD (microfluidic paper-based diagnostic) for influenza has been developed with the ability to determine antiviral susceptibility of the strain for treatment decision. The assay exploits the enzymatic activity of surface proteins present on all influenza strains, and potential false positive responses can be mitigated. A sample can be added to the device, distributed to 4 different reagent zones, and development of the enzymatic substrate under different buffer conditions takes place on bottom of the device. Analysis can be performed by eye or through a colorimetric image analysis smartphone application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Murdock
- 711 HPW/RHXBC, Human Signatures Branch, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA. and BioMicroSystems Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karen M Gallegos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Joshua A Hagen
- 711 HPW/RHXBC, Human Signatures Branch, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
| | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- 711 HPW/RHXBC, Human Signatures Branch, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
| | - Alison A Weiss
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Parween S, Nahar P. Ultraminiaturized assay for rapid, low cost detection and quantification of clinical and biochemical samples. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:33. [PMID: 26973054 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a simple, sensitive, rapid and low-cost ultraminiaturized assay technique for quantitative detection of 1 μl of clinical or biochemical sample on a novel ultraminiaturized assay plate (UAP). UAP is prepared by making tiny cavities on a polypropylene sheet. As UAP cannot immobilize a biomolecule through absorption, we have activated the tiny cavities of UAP by 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-azidobenzene in a photochemical reaction. Activated UAP (AUAP) can covalently immobilize any biomolecule having an active nucleophilic group such as amino group. Efficacy of AUAP is demonstrated by detecting human IgE, antibody of hepatitis C virus core antigen and oligonucleotides. Quantification is performed by capturing the image of the colored assay solution and digitally quantifying the image by color saturation without using costly NanoDrop spectrophotometer. Image - based detection of human IgE and an oligonucleotide shows an excellent correlation with absorbance - based assay (recorded in a NanoDrop spectrophotometer); it is validated by Pearson's product-moment correlation with correlation coefficient of r = 0.9545088 and r = 0.9947444 respectively. AUAP is further checked by detecting hepatitis C virus Ab where strong correlation of color saturation with absorbance with respect to concentration is observed. Ultraminiaturized assay successfully detects target oligonucleotides by perfectly hybridizing with their respective complementary oligonucleotide probes but not with a random oligonucleotide. Ultraminiaturized assay technique has substantially reduced the requirement of reagents by 100 times and assay timing by 50 times making it a potential alternative to conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahila Parween
- Innovative Diagnostic Lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CRRI Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Pradip Nahar
- Innovative Diagnostic Lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CRRI Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110020, India.
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Rasooly R, Bruck HA, Balsam J, Prickril B, Ossandon M, Rasooly A. Improving the Sensitivity and Functionality of Mobile Webcam-Based Fluorescence Detectors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Global Health. Diagnostics (Basel) 2016; 6:E19. [PMID: 27196933 PMCID: PMC4931414 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics6020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource-poor countries and regions require effective, low-cost diagnostic devices for accurate identification and diagnosis of health conditions. Optical detection technologies used for many types of biological and clinical analysis can play a significant role in addressing this need, but must be sufficiently affordable and portable for use in global health settings. Most current clinical optical imaging technologies are accurate and sensitive, but also expensive and difficult to adapt for use in these settings. These challenges can be mitigated by taking advantage of affordable consumer electronics mobile devices such as webcams, mobile phones, charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, lasers, and LEDs. Low-cost, portable multi-wavelength fluorescence plate readers have been developed for many applications including detection of microbial toxins such as C. Botulinum A neurotoxin, Shiga toxin, and S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), and flow cytometry has been used to detect very low cell concentrations. However, the relatively low sensitivities of these devices limit their clinical utility. We have developed several approaches to improve their sensitivity presented here for webcam based fluorescence detectors, including (1) image stacking to improve signal-to-noise ratios; (2) lasers to enable fluorescence excitation for flow cytometry; and (3) streak imaging to capture the trajectory of a single cell, enabling imaging sensors with high noise levels to detect rare cell events. These approaches can also help to overcome some of the limitations of other low-cost optical detection technologies such as CCD or phone-based detectors (like high noise levels or low sensitivities), and provide for their use in low-cost medical diagnostics in resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Rasooly
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94706, USA.
| | - Hugh Alan Bruck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park (UMCP), College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Joshua Balsam
- Division of Chemistry and Toxicology Devices, Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Ben Prickril
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 208503, USA.
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Ozkan H, Kayhan OS. A Novel Automatic Rapid Diagnostic Test Reader Platform. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7498217. [PMID: 27190549 PMCID: PMC4848418 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7498217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A novel automatic Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) reader platform is designed to analyze and diagnose target disease by using existing consumer cameras of a laptop-computer or a tablet. The RDT reader is useable with numerous lateral immunochromatographic assays and similar biomedical tests. The system has two different components, which are 3D-printed, low-cost, tiny, and compact stand and a decision program named RDT-AutoReader 2.0. The program takes the image of RDT, crops the region of interest (ROI), and extracts the features from the control end test lines to classify the results as invalid, positive, or negative. All related patient's personal information, image of ROI, and the e-report are digitally saved and transferred to the related clinician. Condition of the patient and the progress of the disease can be monitored by using the saved data. The reader platform has been tested by taking image from used cassette RDTs of rotavirus (RtV)/adenovirus (AdV) and lateral flow strip RDTs of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) before discarding them. The created RDT reader can also supply real-time statistics of various illnesses by using databases and Internet. This can help to inhibit propagation of contagious diseases and to increase readiness against epidemic diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar Ozkan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf University, 34445 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Semih Kayhan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf University, 34445 Istanbul, Turkey
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
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Yang K, Peretz-Soroka H, Liu Y, Lin F. Novel developments in mobile sensing based on the integration of microfluidic devices and smartphones. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:943-58. [PMID: 26899264 PMCID: PMC5142836 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Portable electronic devices and wireless communication systems enable a broad range of applications such as environmental and food safety monitoring, personalized medicine and healthcare management. Particularly, hybrid smartphone and microfluidic devices provide an integrated solution for the new generation of mobile sensing applications. Such mobile sensing based on microfluidic devices (broadly defined) and smartphones (MS(2)) offers a mobile laboratory for performing a wide range of bio-chemical detection and analysis functions such as water and food quality analysis, routine health tests and disease diagnosis. MS(2) offers significant advantages over traditional platforms in terms of test speed and control, low cost, mobility, ease-of-operation and data management. These improvements put MS(2) in a promising position in the fields of interdisciplinary basic and applied research. In particular, MS(2) enables applications to remote in-field testing, homecare, and healthcare in low-resource areas. The marriage of smartphones and microfluidic devices offers a powerful on-chip operating platform to enable various bio-chemical tests, remote sensing, data analysis and management in a mobile fashion. The implications of such integration are beyond telecommunication and microfluidic-related research and technology development. In this review, we will first provide the general background of microfluidic-based sensing, smartphone-based sensing, and their integration. Then, we will focus on several key application areas of MS(2) by systematically reviewing the important literature in each area. We will conclude by discussing our perspectives on the opportunities, issues and future directions of this emerging novel field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Choi K, Chang I, Lee JC, Kim DK, Noh S, Ahn H, Cho JH, Kwak YH, Kim S, Kim HC. Smartphone-Based Urine Reagent Strip Test in the Emergency Department. Telemed J E Health 2016; 22:534-40. [PMID: 26812464 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a smartphone could be used for a urine reagent strip test, few studies have reported on the reliability of the test in a clinical setting. The objective of our study was to access the smartphone-based urine reagent strip test in the clinical emergency department (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a smartphone-based urine reagent strip reader for a rapid and accurate screening of leukocyte esterase (LE) and nitrite (NIT) in urine. The developed reader was evaluated with the clinical urine samples (n = 81). The detection performance of the reader for LE and NIT was evaluated to assess reliability of the reader; turnaround times (TATs) for analysis and the time for the entire study procedure were also calculated to assess the efficiency of the reader. A photometric analyzer (model US-3100R Plus(®); Eiken Chemical, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used as a reference. RESULTS The proposed reader showed high accuracy (85.2% for LE and 97.5% for NIT), exhibiting close agreement with the true values (κ = 0.903 for LE; κ = 1.000 for NIT). The reader also exhibited a lower median TAT for analysis than the photometric analyzer (3.0 min versus 33.0 min; p < 0.001). This reduction of TAT in the reader was even more evident considering the required time for delivery of urine samples for the photometric analyzer (3.0 min versus 62.0 min; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the clinical capability of a smartphone-based urine reagent strip test, and this reader is expected to enable a more rapid and reliable colorimetric test for screening of LE and NIT at the clinical setting and the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Choi
- 1 Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikwan Chang
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Chan Lee
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyun Kim
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Noh
- 1 Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Ahn
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- 6 Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kwak
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwan Kim
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chan Kim
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Askim JR, Li Z, LaGasse MK, Rankin JM, Suslick KS. An optoelectronic nose for identification of explosives. Chem Sci 2016; 7:199-206. [PMID: 29861977 PMCID: PMC5952316 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compact and portable methods for identification of explosives are increasingly needed for both civilian and military applications. A portable optoelectronic nose for the gas-phase identification of explosive materials is described that uses a highly cross-reactive colorimetric sensor array and a handheld scanner. The array probes a wide range of chemical reactivities using 40 chemically responsive colorimetric indicators, including pH sensors, metal-dye salts, redox-sensitive chromogenic compounds, solvatochromic dyes, and other chromogenic indicators. Sixteen separate analytes including common explosives, homemade explosives, and characteristic explosive components were differentiated into fourteen separate classes with a classification error rate of <1%. Portable colorimetric array sensing could represent an important, complementary part of the toolbox used in practical applications of explosives detection and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Askim
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Ave. , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA .
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Ave. , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA .
| | - Maria K LaGasse
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Ave. , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA .
| | - Jaqueline M Rankin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Ave. , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA .
| | - Kenneth S Suslick
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Ave. , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA .
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Jia MY, Wu QS, Li H, Zhang Y, Guan YF, Feng L. The calibration of cellphone camera-based colorimetric sensor array and its application in the determination of glucose in urine. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:1029-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xia Gao
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Yi L, Li J, Guo C, Li L, Liu J. Liquid Metal Ink Enabled Rapid Prototyping of Electrochemical Sensor for Wireless Glucose Detection on the Platform of Mobile Phone. J Med Device 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4031659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pervasive detection of blood glucose is rather critical for the real-time disease diagnosis which would provide valuable guidance for treatment planning. Here, we established a health care platform for this purpose through incorporating the glucose detection with liquid metal printed sensor and the smart phone monitoring system together. The liquid metal ink composed of bismuth indium stannic (BIS) alloy was identified as an appropriate sensor material to be quickly written or printed on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate at around 59 °C to form desired electrodes. It thus eliminated the complicated procedures as usually required in conventional sensor fabrication strategies. The alloy electrodes were characterized via cyclic voltammetry to demonstrate their practical functionality. Further, unlike using the commonly adopted glucometer, a smart phone was developed as the data acquisition and display center to help improve the portability and ubiquitous virtue of the detection system. Glucose solution in different concentrations was assayed via this platform. It was shown that there is a good linear relationship between the concentration and the integral value of the curve recorded by the mobile phone, which confirms the feasibility of the present method. This quantitative point-of-care system has pervasive feature and is expected to be very useful for future low-cost electrochemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cangran Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China e-mail:
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Laksanasopin T, Guo TW, Nayak S, Sridhara AA, Xie S, Olowookere OO, Cadinu P, Meng F, Chee NH, Kim J, Chin CD, Munyazesa E, Mugwaneza P, Rai AJ, Mugisha V, Castro AR, Steinmiller D, Linder V, Justman JE, Nsanzimana S, Sia SK. A smartphone dongle for diagnosis of infectious diseases at the point of care. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:273re1. [PMID: 25653222 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates that a full laboratory-quality immunoassay can be run on a smartphone accessory. This low-cost dongle replicates all mechanical, optical, and electronic functions of a laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) without requiring any stored energy; all necessary power is drawn from a smartphone. Rwandan health care workers used the dongle to test whole blood obtained via fingerprick from 96 patients enrolling into care at prevention of mother-to-child transmission clinics or voluntary counseling and testing centers. The dongle performed a triplexed immunoassay not currently available in a single test format: HIV antibody, treponemal-specific antibody for syphilis, and nontreponemal antibody for active syphilis infection. In a blinded experiment, health care workers obtained diagnostic results in 15 min from our triplex test that rivaled the gold standard of laboratory-based HIV ELISA and rapid plasma reagin (a screening test for syphilis), with sensitivity of 92 to 100% and specificity of 79 to 100%, consistent with needs of current clinical algorithms. Patient preference for the dongle was 97% compared to laboratory-based tests, with most pointing to the convenience of obtaining quick results with a single fingerprick. This work suggests that coupling microfluidics with recent advances in consumer electronics can make certain laboratory-based diagnostics accessible to almost any population with access to smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassaneewan Laksanasopin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tiffany W Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Samiksha Nayak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Archana A Sridhara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shi Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Owolabi O Olowookere
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Paolo Cadinu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Fanxing Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Natalie H Chee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Curtis D Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elisaphane Munyazesa
- ICAP-Rwanda, Mailman School of Public Health, Chadel Building 1st Floor, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Placidie Mugwaneza
- Institute of HIV Disease Prevention and Control, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Alex J Rai
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 3959 Broadway, CHONY 2C-224, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Veronicah Mugisha
- ICAP-Rwanda, Mailman School of Public Health, Chadel Building 1st Floor, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Arnold R Castro
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Laboratory Reference and Research Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - David Steinmiller
- OPKO Diagnostics, LLC, 4 Constitution Way, Suite E, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Vincent Linder
- OPKO Diagnostics, LLC, 4 Constitution Way, Suite E, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Jessica E Justman
- ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street #14, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sabin Nsanzimana
- Institute of HIV Disease Prevention and Control, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Samuel K Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Capitán-Vallvey LF, López-Ruiz N, Martínez-Olmos A, Erenas MM, Palma AJ. Recent developments in computer vision-based analytical chemistry: A tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 899:23-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Debus B, Kirsanov D, Yaroshenko I, Sidorova A, Piven A, Legin A. Two low-cost digital camera-based platforms for quantitative creatinine analysis in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 895:71-9. [PMID: 26454461 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In clinical analysis creatinine is a routine biomarker for the assessment of renal and muscular dysfunctions. Although several techniques have been proposed for a fast and accurate quantification of creatinine in human serum or urine, most of them require expensive or complex apparatus, advanced sample preparation or skilled operators. To circumvent these issues, we propose two home-made platforms based on a CD Spectroscope (CDS) and Computer Screen Photo-assisted Technique (CSPT) for the rapid assessment of creatinine level in human urine. Both systems display a linear range (r(2) = 0.9967 and 0.9972, respectively) from 160 μmol L(-1) to 1.6 mmol L(-1) for standard creatinine solutions (n = 15) with respective detection limits of 89 μmol L(-1) and 111 μmol L(-1). Good repeatability was observed for intra-day (1.7-2.9%) and inter-day (3.6-6.5%) measurements evaluated on three consecutive days. The performance of CDS and CSPT was also validated in real human urine samples (n = 26) using capillary electrophoresis data as reference. Corresponding Partial Least-Squares (PLS) regression models provided for mean relative errors below 10% in creatinine quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Debus
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Kirsanov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Irina Yaroshenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia; Bioanalytical Laboratory CSU "Analytical Spectrometry", St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 198220, Russia
| | - Alla Sidorova
- Bioanalytical Laboratory CSU "Analytical Spectrometry", St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 198220, Russia
| | - Alena Piven
- Bioanalytical Laboratory CSU "Analytical Spectrometry", St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 198220, Russia
| | - Andrey Legin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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