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Guo Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Shi J, Meng H, Chen X, Lan Q, Zhu B. Application of microfluidic technologies in forensic analysis. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1725-1743. [PMID: 37857551 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The application of microfluidic technology in forensic medicine has steadily expanded over the last two decades due to the favorable features of low cost, rapidity, high throughput, user-friendliness, contamination-free, and minimum sample and reagent consumption. In this context, bibliometric methods were adopted to visualize the literature information contained in the Science Citation Index Expanded from 1989 to 2022, focusing on the co-occurrence analysis of forensic and microfluidic topics. A deep interpretation of the literature was conducted based on co-occurrence results, in which microfluidic technologies and their applications in forensic medicine, particularly forensic genetics, were elaborated. The purpose of this review is to provide an impartial evaluation of the utilization of microfluidic technology in forensic medicine. Additionally, the challenges and future trends of implementing microfluidic technology in forensic genetics are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Haoqing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yaoshun Liu
- Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Lan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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2
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Turiello R, Nouwairi RL, Landers JP. Taking the microfluidic approach to nucleic acid analysis in forensics: Review and perspectives. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 63:102824. [PMID: 36592574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Forensic laboratories are universally acknowledged as being overburdened, underfunded, and in need of improved analytical methods to expedite investigations, decrease the costs associated with nucleic acid (NA) analysis, and perform human identification (HID) at the point of need (e.g., crime scene, booking station, etc.). In response, numerous research and development (R&D) efforts have resulted in microfluidic tools that automate portions of the forensic genetic workflow, including DNA extraction, amplification, and short tandem repeat (STR) typing. By the early 2000 s, reports from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) anticipated that microfluidic 'swab-in-profile-out' systems would be available for use at the crime scene by 2015 and the FBI's 2010 'Rapid DNA' Initiative, approved by Congress in 2017, directed this effort by guiding the development and implementation of maturing systems. At present, few fully-automated microfluidic DNA technologies are commercially available for forensic HID and their adoption by agencies interested in identification has been limited. In practice, the integration of complex laboratory processes to produce one autonomous unit, along with the highly variable nature of forensic input samples, resulted in systems that are more expensive per sample and not comparable to gold-standard identification methods in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and multiplex capability. This Review and Perspective provides insight into the contributing factors to this outcome; namely, we focus on the complications associated with the tremendous undertaking that is developing a sample-in-answer-out platform for HID. For context, we also describe the intricate forensic landscape that contributes to a nuanced marketplace, not easily distilled down to cases of simple supply and demand. Moving forward and considering the trade-offs associated with developing methods to compete, sometimes directly, with conventional ones, we recommend a focus shift for microfluidics developers toward the creation of innovative solutions for emerging applications in the field to increase the bandwidth of the forensic investigative toolkit. Likewise, we urge case working personnel to reframe how they conceptualize the currently available Rapid DNA tools; rather than comparing these microfluidic methods to gold-standard procedures, take advantage of their rapid and integrated modes for those situations requiring expedited identifications in an informed manner.
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Bruijns B, Knotter J, Tiggelaar R. A Systematic Review on Commercially Available Integrated Systems for Forensic DNA Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1075. [PMID: 36772114 PMCID: PMC9919030 DOI: 10.3390/s23031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review describes and discusses three commercially available integrated systems for forensic DNA analysis, i.e., ParaDNA, RapidHIT, and ANDE. A variety of aspects, such as performance, time-to-result, ease-of-use, portability, and costs (per analysis run) of these three (modified) rapid DNA analysis systems, are considered. Despite their advantages and developmental progress, major steps still have to be made before rapid systems can be broadly applied at crime scenes for full DNA profiling. Aspects in particular that need (further) improvement are portability, performance, the possibility to analyze a (wider) variety of (complex) forensic samples, and (cartridge) costs. Moreover, steps forward regarding ease-of-use and time-to-result will benefit the broader use of commercial rapid DNA systems. In fact, it would be a profit if rapid DNA systems could be used for full DNA profile generation as well as indicative analyses that can give direction to forensic investigators which will speed up investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bruijns
- Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Politieacademie, Arnhemseweg 348, 7334 AC Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Knotter
- Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, 7513 AB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Politieacademie, Arnhemseweg 348, 7334 AC Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Roald Tiggelaar
- NanoLab Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Jeon HG, Choi JW, Lee HU, Chung BG. Conductive Silver/Carbon Fiber Films for Rapid Detection of Human Coronavirus. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101983. [PMID: 35631866 PMCID: PMC9144029 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction has gained attention since the outbreak of novel coronavirus in 2019. Due to its high specificity and capability for early detection, it is considered a standard method for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, the conventional thermocyclers used for nucleic acid amplification are not suitable for point-of-care testing applications, as they require expensive instruments, high-power consumption, and a long turnaround time. To suppress the widespread of the pandemic, there is an urgent need for the development of a rapid, inexpensive, and portable thermal cycler. Therefore, in this paper, we present a conductive silver/carbon fiber film-based thermal cycler with low power consumption (<5 W), efficient heating (~4.5 °C/s), low cost (<USD 200), and handheld size (11.5 × 7.1 × 7.5 mm). The conductive film, which was used as a heating source of the thermal cycler, was fabricated by the electrochemical deposition method. The successful coating of Ag was characterized by a scanning electron microscope and confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The film showed excellent electrical/thermal conductivity and durability. Using our thermal cycler, 35 cycles of amplification were accomplished within 10 min. We also successfully demonstrated the multiplexed detection of various human coronaviruses (e.g., OC43, 229E, and NL63) using our thermal cycler.
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Zhou W, Dou M, Timilsina SS, Xu F, Li X. Recent innovations in cost-effective polymer and paper hybrid microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2658-2683. [PMID: 34180494 PMCID: PMC8360634 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid microfluidic systems that are composed of multiple different types of substrates have been recognized as a versatile and superior platform, which can draw benefits from different substrates while avoiding their limitations. This review article introduces the recent innovations of different types of low-cost hybrid microfluidic devices, particularly focusing on cost-effective polymer- and paper-based hybrid microfluidic devices. In this article, the fabrication of these hybrid microfluidic devices is briefly described and summarized. We then highlight various hybrid microfluidic systems, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based, thermoplastic-based, paper/polymer hybrid systems, as well as other emerging hybrid systems (such as thread-based). The special benefits of using these hybrid systems have been summarized accordingly. A broad range of biological and biomedical applications using these hybrid microfluidic devices are discussed in detail, including nucleic acid analysis, protein analysis, cellular analysis, 3D cell culture, organ-on-a-chip, and tissue engineering. The perspective trends of hybrid microfluidic systems involving the improvement of fabrication techniques and broader applications are also discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Sanjay S Timilsina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA. and Border Biomedical Research Center, Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA and Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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6
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Chong WH, Leong SS, Lim J. Design and operation of magnetophoretic systems at microscale: Device and particle approaches. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2303-2328. [PMID: 34213767 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Combining both device and particle designs are the essential concepts to be considered in magnetophoretic system development. Researcher efforts are often dedicated to only one of these design aspects and neglecting the interplay between them. Herein, to bring out importance of the idea of integration between device and particle, we reviewed the working principle of magnetophoretic system (includes both device and particle design concepts). Since, the magnetophoretic force is influenced by both field gradient and magnetization volume, hence, accurate prediction of the magnetophoretic force is relying on the availability of information on both parameters. In device design, we focus on the different strategies used to create localized high-field gradient. For particle design, we emphasize on the scaling between hydrodynamic size and magnetization volume. Moreover, we also briefly discussed the importance of magnetoshape anisotropy related to particle design aspect of magnetophoretic systems. Next, we illustrated the need for integration between device and particle design using microscale applications of magnetophoretic systems, include magnetic tweezers and microfluidic systems, as our working example. On the basis of our discussion, we highlighted several promising examples of microscale magnetophoretic systems which greatly utilized the interplay between device and particle design. Further, we concluded the review with several factors that possibly resulted in the lack of research efforts related to device and particle design integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hong Chong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sim Siong Leong
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - JitKang Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lv M, Zhou W, Tavakoli H, Bautista C, Xia J, Wang Z, Li X. Aptamer-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 176:112947. [PMID: 33412430 PMCID: PMC7855766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a class of crystalline porous materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing attention. Due to the nanoscale framework structure, adjustable pore size, large specific surface area, and good chemical stability, MOFs have been applied widely in many fields such as biosensors, biomedicine, electrocatalysis, energy storage and conversions. Especially when they are combined with aptamer functionalization, MOFs can be utilized to construct high-performance biosensors for numerous applications ranging from medical diagnostics and food safety inspection, to environmental surveillance. Herein, this article reviews recent innovations of aptamer-functionalized MOFs-based biosensors and their bio-applications. We first briefly introduce different functionalization methods of MOFs with aptamers, which provide a foundation for the construction of MOFs-based aptasensors. Then, we comprehensively summarize different types of MOFs-based aptasensors and their applications, in which MOFs serve as either signal probes or signal probe carriers for optical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical detection, with an emphasis on the former. Given recent substantial research interests in stimuli-responsive materials and the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology, we also present the stimuli-responsive aptamer-functionalized MOFs for sensing, followed by a brief overview on the integration of MOFs on microfluidic devices. Current limitations and prospective trends of MOFs-based biosensors are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, USA
| | - Wan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, USA
| | - Hamed Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, USA
| | - Cynthia Bautista
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, USA
| | - Jianfei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, USA.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, USA.
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Paul R, Ostermann E, Wei Q. Advances in point-of-care nucleic acid extraction technologies for rapid diagnosis of human and plant diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112592. [PMID: 32942143 PMCID: PMC7476893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Global health and food security constantly face the challenge of emerging human and plant diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other pathogens. Disease outbreaks such as SARS, MERS, Swine Flu, Ebola, and COVID-19 (on-going) have caused suffering, death, and economic losses worldwide. To prevent the spread of disease and protect human populations, rapid point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnosis of human and plant diseases play an increasingly crucial role. Nucleic acid-based molecular diagnosis reveals valuable information at the genomic level about the identity of the disease-causing pathogens and their pathogenesis, which help researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients to detect the presence of pathogens, track the spread of disease, and guide treatment more efficiently. A typical nucleic acid-based diagnostic test consists of three major steps: nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and amplicon detection. Among these steps, nucleic acid extraction is the first step of sample preparation, which remains one of the main challenges when converting laboratory molecular assays into POC tests. Sample preparation from human and plant specimens is a time-consuming and multi-step process, which requires well-equipped laboratories and skilled lab personnel. To perform rapid molecular diagnosis in resource-limited settings, simpler and instrument-free nucleic acid extraction techniques are required to improve the speed of field detection with minimal human intervention. This review summarizes the recent advances in POC nucleic acid extraction technologies. In particular, this review focuses on novel devices or methods that have demonstrated applicability and robustness for the isolation of high-quality nucleic acid from complex raw samples, such as human blood, saliva, sputum, nasal swabs, urine, and plant tissues. The integration of these rapid nucleic acid preparation methods with miniaturized assay and sensor technologies would pave the road for the "sample-in-result-out" diagnosis of human and plant diseases, especially in remote or resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Emily Ostermann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Abstract
Reducing the risk of (cross-)contamination, improving the chain of custody, providing fast analysis times and options of direct analysis at crime scenes: these requirements within forensic DNA analysis can be met upon using microfluidic devices. To become generally applied in forensics, the most important requirements for microfluidic devices are: analysis time, method of DNA detection and biocompatibility of used materials. In this work an overview is provided about biosensing of DNA, by DNA profiling via standard short tandem repeat (STR) analysis or by next generation sequencing. The material of which a forensic microfluidic device is made is crucial: it should for example not inhibit DNA amplification and its thermal conductivity and optical transparency should be suitable for achieving fast analysis. The characteristics of three materials frequently used materials, i.e., glass, silicon and PDMS, are given, in addition to a promising alternative, viz. cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). New experimental findings are presented about the biocompatibility of COC and the use of COC chips for multiple displacement amplification and real-time monitoring of DNA amplification.
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10
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Zhu H, Zhang H, Ni S, Korabečná M, Yobas L, Neuzil P. The vision of point-of-care PCR tests for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 130:115984. [PMID: 32834243 PMCID: PMC7369599 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, such as the most recent case of coronavirus disease 2019, have brought the prospect of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests into the spotlight. A rapid, accurate, low-cost, and easy-to-use test in the field could stop epidemics before they develop into full-blown pandemics. Unfortunately, despite all the advances, it still does not exist. Here, we critically review the limited number of prototypes demonstrated to date that is based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and has come close to fulfill this vision. We summarize the requirements for the POC-PCR tests and then go on to discuss the PCR product-detection methods, the integration of their functional components, the potential applications, and other practical issues related to the implementation of lab-on-a-chip technologies. We conclude our review with a discussion of the latest findings on nucleic acid-based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanliang Zhu
- Department of Microsystem Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Haoqing Zhang
- Department of Microsystem Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sheng Ni
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, S.A.R., PR China
| | - Marie Korabečná
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Levent Yobas
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, S.A.R., PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Pavel Neuzil
- Department of Microsystem Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, PR China,CEITEC Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic,Corresponding author. Department of Microsystem Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072 Shaanxi, PR China
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11
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Bosma R, Devasagayam J, Eswar R, Albuquerque IDF, Collier CM. Voltage control for microchip capillary electrophoresis analyses. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1961-1968. [PMID: 32840905 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an inexpensive and easy-to-implement voltage sequencer instrument for use in microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) actuation. The voltage sequencer instrument takes a 0-5 V input signal from a microcontroller and produces a reciprocally proportional voltage signal with the capability to achieve the voltages required for MCE actuation. The unit developed in this work features four independent voltage channels, measures 105 × 143 × 45 mm (width × length × height), and the cost to assemble is under 60 USD. The system is controlled by a peripheral interface controller and commands are given via universal serial bus connection to a personal computer running a command line graphical user interface. The performance of the voltage sequencer is demonstrated by its integration with a fluorescence spectroscopy MCE sensor using pinched sample injection and electrophoretic separation to detect ciprofloxacin in samples of milk. This application is chosen as it is particularly important for the dairy industry, where fines and health concerns are associated with the shipping of antibiotic-contaminated milk. The voltage sequencer instrument presented represents an effective low-cost instrumentation method for conducting MCE, thereby making these experiments accessible and affordable for use in industries such as the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Bosma
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jasen Devasagayam
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rahul Eswar
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Iasmin de França Albuquerque
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Electrical Engineering, Federal Institute of ParaÍba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Christopher M Collier
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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12
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Lee Y, Kang BH, Kang M, Chung DR, Yi GS, Lee LP, Jeong KH. Nanoplasmonic On-Chip PCR for Rapid Precision Molecular Diagnostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12533-12540. [PMID: 32101396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging molecular diagnosis requires ultrafast polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on chip for rapid precise detection of infectious diseases in the point-of-care test. Here, we report nanoplasmonic on-chip PCR for rapid precision molecular diagnostics. The nanoplasmonic pillar arrays (NPA) comprise gold nanoislands on the top and sidewall of large-scale glass nanopillar arrays. The nanoplasmonic pillars enhance light absorption of a white light-emitting diode (LED) over the whole visible range due to strong electromagnetic hotspots between the nanoislands. As a result, they effectively induce photothermal heating for ultrafast PCR thermal cycling. The temperature profile of NPA exhibits 30 cycles between 98 and 60 °C for a total of 3 min and 30 s during the cyclic excitation of white LED light. The experimental results also demonstrate the rapid DNA amplification of both 0.1 ng μL-1 of λ-DNA in 20 thermal cycles and 0.1 ng μL-1 of complementary DNA of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 30 thermal cycles using a conventional PCR volume of 15 μL. This nanoplasmonic PCR technique provides a new opportunity for rapid precision molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseop Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Kang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Smart Healthcare Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST (Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology), Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Foundation for infectious Diseases (APFID), 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ki-Hun Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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13
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Sreejith KR, Gorgannezhad L, Jin J, Ooi CH, Takei T, Hayase G, Stratton H, Lamb K, Shiddiky M, Dao DV, Nguyen NT. Core-Shell Beads Made by Composite Liquid Marble Technology as A Versatile Microreactor for Polymerase Chain Reaction. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E242. [PMID: 32111025 PMCID: PMC7142426 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the protocols and procedures of the DNA amplification technique, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have been optimized and well developed. However, there have been no significant innovations in processes for sample dispersion for PCR that have reduced the amount of single-use or unrecyclable plastic waste produced. To address the issue of plastic waste, this paper reports the synthesis and successful use of a core-shell bead microreactor using photopolymerization of a composite liquid marble as a dispersion process. This platform uses the core-shell bead as a simple and effective sample dispersion medium that significantly reduces plastic waste generated compared to conventional PCR processes. Other improvements over conventional PCR processes of the novel dispersion platform include increasing the throughput capability, enhancing the performance and portability of the thermal cycler, and allowing for the contamination-free storage of samples after thermal cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.R.S.); (L.G.); (J.J.); (C.H.O.); (H.S.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Lena Gorgannezhad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.R.S.); (L.G.); (J.J.); (C.H.O.); (H.S.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (D.V.D.)
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jing Jin
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.R.S.); (L.G.); (J.J.); (C.H.O.); (H.S.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Chin Hong Ooi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.R.S.); (L.G.); (J.J.); (C.H.O.); (H.S.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Takayuki Takei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
| | - Gen Hayase
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki aza Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan;
| | - Helen Stratton
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.R.S.); (L.G.); (J.J.); (C.H.O.); (H.S.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (D.V.D.)
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Krystina Lamb
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.R.S.); (L.G.); (J.J.); (C.H.O.); (H.S.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Muhammad Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.R.S.); (L.G.); (J.J.); (C.H.O.); (H.S.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Dzung Viet Dao
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.R.S.); (L.G.); (J.J.); (C.H.O.); (H.S.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (K.R.S.); (L.G.); (J.J.); (C.H.O.); (H.S.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (D.V.D.)
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14
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Zhou W, Hu K, Kwee S, Tang L, Wang Z, Xia J, Li X. Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation-Induced Quantitative Photothermal Biosensing Using a Thermometer: A Simple and Universal Biosensing Platform. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2739-2747. [PMID: 31977184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Kaiqiang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Sharon Kwee
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jianfei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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15
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Sreejith KR, Gorgannezhad L, Jin J, Ooi CH, Stratton H, Dao DV, Nguyen NT. Liquid marbles as biochemical reactors for the polymerase chain reaction. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3220-3227. [PMID: 31464317 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a popular and well-established DNA amplification technique. Technological and engineering advancements in the field of microfluidics have fuelled the progress of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in the last three decades. Advances in microfluidics-based PCR technology have significantly reduced the sample volume and thermal cycling time. Further advances led to novel and accurate techniques such as the digital PCR. However, contamination of PCR samples, lack of reusability of the microfluidic PCR platforms, complexity in instrumentation and operation remain as some of the significant drawbacks of conventional microfluidic PCR platforms. Liquid marbles, the recently emerging microfluidic platform, could potentially resolve these drawbacks. This paper reports the first liquid marble based polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrated an experimental setup for the liquid-marble based PCR with a humidity-controlled chamber and an embedded thermal cycler. A concentrated salt solution was used to control the humidity of the PCR chamber which in turn reduces the evaporation rate of the liquid marble. The successful PCR of microbial source tracking markers for faecal contamination was achieved with the system, indicating potential application in water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lena Gorgannezhad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia. and School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia
| | - Jing Jin
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Chin Hong Ooi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Helen Stratton
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia
| | - Dzung Viet Dao
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia.
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16
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17
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Tavakoli H, Zhou W, Ma L, Perez S, Ibarra A, Xu F, Zhan S, Li X. Recent advances in microfluidic platforms for single-cell analysis in cancer biology, diagnosis and therapy. Trends Analyt Chem 2019; 117:13-26. [PMID: 32831435 PMCID: PMC7434086 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding molecular, cellular, genetic and functional heterogeneity of tumors at the single-cell level has become a major challenge for cancer research. The microfluidic technique has emerged as an important tool that offers advantages in analyzing single-cells with the capability to integrate time-consuming and labour-intensive experimental procedures such as single-cell capture into a single microdevice at ease and in a high-throughput fashion. Single-cell manipulation and analysis can be implemented within a multi-functional microfluidic device for various applications in cancer research. Here, we present recent advances of microfluidic devices for single-cell analysis pertaining to cancer biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. We first concisely introduce various microfluidic platforms used for single-cell analysis, followed with different microfluidic techniques for single-cell manipulation. Then, we highlight their various applications in cancer research, with an emphasis on cancer biology, diagnosis, and therapy. Current limitations and prospective trends of microfluidic single-cell analysis are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Tavakoli
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Wan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Stefani Perez
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center,
Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West
University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Andrea Ibarra
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center,
Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West
University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center,
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiuJun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center,
Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West
University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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18
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Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Microfluidic Devices for Forensic Applications. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9030085. [PMID: 31277382 PMCID: PMC6784357 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices offer important benefits for forensic applications, in particular for fast tests at a crime scene. A large portion of forensic applications require microfluidic chip material to show compatibility with biochemical reactions (such as amplification reactions), and to have high transparency in the visible region and high chemical resistance. Also, preferably, manufacturing should be simple. The characteristic properties of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) fulfills these requirements and offers new opportunities for the development of new forensic tests. In this work, the versatility of COC as material for lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems in forensic applications has been explored by realizing two proof-of-principle devices. Chemical resistance and optical transparency were investigated for the development of an on-chip presumptive color test to indicate the presence of an illicit substance through applying absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, the compatibility of COC with a DNA amplification reaction was verified by performing an on-chip multiple displacement amplification (MDA) reaction.
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19
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Lee SH, Park SM, Kim BN, Kwon OS, Rho WY, Jun BH. Emerging ultrafast nucleic acid amplification technologies for next-generation molecular diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111448. [PMID: 31252258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were an indispensable methodology for diagnosing cancers, viral and bacterial infections owing to their high sensitivity and specificity. Because the NAATs can recognize and discriminate even a few copies of nucleic acid (NA) and species-specific NA sequences, NAATs have become the gold standard in a wide range of applications. However, limitations of NAAT approaches have recently become more apparent by reason of their lengthy run time, large reaction volume, and complex protocol. To meet the current demands of clinicians and biomedical researchers, new NAATs have developed to achieve ultrafast sample-to-answer protocols for the point-of-care testing (POCT). In this review, ultrafast NA-POCT platforms are discussed, outlining their NA amplification principles as well as delineating recent advances in ultrafast NAAT applications. The main focus is to provide an overview of NA-POCT platforms in regard to sample preparation of NA, NA amplification, NA detection process, interpretation of the analysis, and evaluation of the platform design. Increasing importance will be given to innovative, ultrafast amplification methods and tools which incorporate artificial intelligence (AI)-associated data analysis processes and mobile-healthcare networks. The future prospects of NA POCT platforms are promising as they allow absolute quantitation of NA in individuals which is essential to precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian N Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won-Yep Rho
- School of International Engineering and Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, South Korea.
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20
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Kang K, Jang Y, Jung J, Oh J. Controlled generation of nanopatterned electrical DNA interface. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2756. [PMID: 30808970 PMCID: PMC6391427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques that manipulate DNA, a biomolecule with electrical properties, are in demand in various medical fields. This study fabricated a nanochannel with a conductive/semi-conductive interface using focused ion beams (FIBs) and introduced a nanochip technology to freely align, attach, and detach lambda DNAs in the interface via electrophoresis. Two-step fabrication process of nanochannels was quantitatively characterized according to the different conditions of the FIB dose (1~30 nC/μm2) and current (1~500 pA). For electrophoresis test, four different nanofluidic channels with depths of 200 nm and lengths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 μm were processed at the center of the rectangular channel (10 μm × 10 μm). Different voltages (1~30 V) were applied for 15 min to attach the DNAs. As the voltage increased, more lambda DNAs attached to the nanochannel interface. Furthermore, an inverse voltage (-30 V) was applied to the lambda DNAs attached to the interface for 15 min to confirm that DNAs could be successfully detached. The results showed that this method could produce a highly promising nanochip technology to align and manipulate DNAs in the desired direction according to a conductive/semi-conductive nano-sized interface, which is applicable in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungin Kang
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yeongseok Jang
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jinmu Jung
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
| | - Jonghyun Oh
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
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21
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Abdul Keyon AS, Miskam M, Ishak NS, Mahat NA, Mohamed Huri MA, Abdul Wahab R, Chandren S, Abdul Razak FI, Ng NT, Ali TG. Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of antidepressant drugs: A review. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:906-924. [PMID: 30605233 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder that may lead to major mental health problems, and antidepressant drugs have been used as a treatment of choice to mitigate symptoms of major depressive disorders by ameliorating the chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in brain. Since abusing antidepressant drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressant drugs can cause severe adverse effects, continuous toxicological monitoring of the parent compounds as well as their metabolites using numerous analytical methods appears pertinent. Among them, capillary electrophoresis has been popularly utilized since the method has a lot of advantages viz. using small amounts of sample and solvents, ease of operation, and rapid analysis. This review paper brings a survey of more than 30 papers on capillary electrophoresis of antidepressant drugs published approximately from 1999 until 2018. It focuses on the reported capillary electrophoresis techniques and their applications and challenges for determining antidepressant drugs and their metabolites. It is organized according to the commonly used capillary zone electrophoresis method, followed by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography, with details on breakthrough findings. Where available, information is given about the background electrolyte used, detector utilized, and sensitivity obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Syazwani Ishak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Naji Arafat Mahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Afiq Mohamed Huri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sheela Chandren
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nyuk-Ting Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Timothy Gandu Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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22
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Sreejith KR, Ooi CH, Jin J, Dao DV, Nguyen NT. Digital polymerase chain reaction technology - recent advances and future perspectives. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3717-3732. [PMID: 30402632 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) technology has remained a "hot topic" in the last two decades due to its potential applications in cell biology, genetic engineering, and medical diagnostics. Various advanced techniques have been reported on sample dispersion, thermal cycling and output monitoring of digital PCR. However, a fully automated, low-cost and handheld digital PCR platform has not been reported in the literature. This paper attempts to critically evaluate the recent developments in techniques for sample dispersion, thermal cycling and output evaluation for dPCR. The techniques are discussed in terms of hardware simplicity, portability, cost-effectiveness and suitability for automation. The present paper also discusses the research gaps observed in each step of dPCR and concludes with possible improvements toward portable, low-cost and automatic digital PCR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia.
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23
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Pinheiro KMP, Moreira RC, Rezende KCA, Talhavini M, Logrado LPL, Baio JAF, Lanza MRV, Coltro WKT. Rapid separation of post-blast explosive residues on glass electrophoresis microchips. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:462-468. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger C. Moreira
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Talhavini
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística; Polícia Federal Brasileira; Brasília DF Brazil
| | | | - José A. F. Baio
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Marcos R. V. Lanza
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Wendell K. T. Coltro
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia GO Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica; Campinas SP Brazil
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Wuethrich A, Quirino JP. A decade of microchip electrophoresis for clinical diagnostics - A review of 2008-2017. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1045:42-66. [PMID: 30454573 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A core element in clinical diagnostics is the data interpretation obtained through the analysis of patient samples. To obtain relevant and reliable information, a methodological approach of sample preparation, separation, and detection is required. Traditionally, these steps are performed independently and stepwise. Microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) can provide rapid and high-resolution separation with the capability to integrate a streamlined and complete diagnostic workflow suitable for the point-of-care setting. Whilst standard clinical diagnostics methods normally require hours to days to retrieve specific patient data, MCE can reduce the time to minutes, hastening the delivery of treatment options for the patients. This review covers the advances in MCE for disease detection from 2008 to 2017. Miniaturised diagnostic approaches that required an electrophoretic separation step prior to the detection of the biological samples are reviewed. In the two main sections, the discussion is focused on the technical set-up used to suit MCE for disease detection and on the strategies that have been applied to study various diseases. Throughout these discussions MCE is compared to other techniques to create context of the potential and challenges of MCE. A comprehensive table categorised based on the studied disease using MCE is provided. We also comment on future challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Building 75, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Joselito P Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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25
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Mao S, Zhang Q, Li H, Huang Q, Khan M, Uchiyama K, Lin JM. Measurement of Cell-Matrix Adhesion at Single-Cell Resolution for Revealing the Functions of Biomaterials for Adherent Cell Culture. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9637-9643. [PMID: 30016872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is essential for a cell to maintain its functions, and biomaterials acting as the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a vital role. However, conventional methods for evaluating the functions of biomaterials become insufficient and sometimes incorrect when we give a deeper insight into single-cell research. In this work, we reported a novel methodology for the measurement of cell-matrix adhesion at single-cell resolution that could precisely evaluate the functions of biomaterials for adherent cell culture. A microfludic device, a live single-cell extractor (LSCE), was used for cell extraction. We applied this method to evaluate various modified biomaterials. The results indicated that poly(l-polylysine) (PLL)-coated glass and fibronection (FN)-coated glass slides showed the best biocompatibility for adherent cell culture following by the (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)-coated glass, while piranha solution treated glass slide and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-coated glass showed weak biocompatibilities. Furthermore, APTES, PLL, and FN modifications enhanced the cell heterogeneity, while the OTS modification weakened the cell heterogeneity compare to the initial piranha solution treated glass. The method not only clarified the cell-matrix adhesion strength at single-cell resolution but also revealed the influences of biomaterials on cell-matrix adhesion and heterogeneity of cell-matrix adhesion for adherent cell culture. It might be a general strategy for precise evaluation of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Haifang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Minamiohsawa, Hachioji , Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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Han J, Gan W, Zhuang B, Sun J, Zhao L, Ye J, Liu Y, Li CX, Liu P. A fully integrated microchip system for automated forensic short tandem repeat analysis. Analyst 2018; 142:2004-2012. [PMID: 28513665 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00295e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have successfully developed an integrated microsystem that combines two plastic microchips for DNA extraction and PCR amplification with a glass capillary array electrophoresis chip together in a compact control and detection instrument for automated forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. DNA extraction followed by an "in situ PCR" was conducted in a single reaction chamber of the microchip based on a filter paper-based extraction methodology. PCR products were then mixed with sizing standards by an injection electrode and injected into the electrophoresis chip for four-color confocal fluorescence detection. The entire STR analysis can be completed in about two hours without any human intervention. Since the 15-plex STR system has a more stringent requirement for PCR efficiency, we optimized the structure of the plastic DNA extraction and amplification chip, in which the reaction chamber was formed by sandwiching a hollow structure layer with two blank cover layers, to reduce the adsorption of PCR reagents to the surfaces. In addition, PCR additives, bovine serum albumin, poly(ethylene glycol), and more magnesium chloride were included into the on-chip multiplex STR system. The limit-of-detection study demonstrated that our microsystem was able to produce full 15-plex STR profiles from 3.75 ng standard K562 DNA. Buccal swab and whole blood samples were also successfully typed by our system, validating the feasibility of performing rapid DNA typing in a "sample-in-answer-out" manner for on-site forensic human identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Zhuang B. Introduction. DEVELOPMENT OF A FULLY INTEGRATED “SAMPLE-IN-ANSWER-OUT” SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC GENETIC ANALYSIS 2018:1-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4753-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Bhattacharya S, Agarwal AK, Chanda N, Pandey A, Sen AK. Low-cost Paper Analytical Devices for Environmental and Biomedical Sensing Applications. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123150 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7751-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the fabrication of analytical devices utilizing microfluidic structures and lab-on-a-chip platforms has shown breakthrough advancements, both for environmental and biological applications. The ASSURED criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, robust, equipment-free, delivered), developed by the WHO for diagnostics devices, point towards the need of paper-based analytical devices (PAD) for diagnostics. On the other hand, cost-effective PADs owing the great advantage of affordable applicability in both resource-rich and -limited settings are recently employed for on-site environmental monitoring. In this book chapter, we will discuss about the brief history of paper analytical devices, fabrications, need, and its environmental and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanp Mechanical Engineering, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Avinash Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nripen Chanda
- Microsystem Technology Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Ashis Kumar Sen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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Betancur V, Sun J, Wu N, Liu Y. Integrated Lateral Flow Device for Flow Control with Blood Separation and Biosensing. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8. [PMID: 30345108 PMCID: PMC6187915 DOI: 10.3390/mi8120367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow devices are versatile and serve a wide variety of purposes, including medical, agricultural, environmental, and military applications. Yet, the most promising opportunities of these devices for diagnosis might reside in point-of-care (POC) applications. Disposable paper-based lateral flow strips have been of particular interest, because they utilize low-cost materials and do not require expensive fabrication instruments. However, there are constraints on tuning flow rates and immunoassays functionalization in papers, as well as technical challenges in sensors’ integration and concentration units for low-abundant molecular detection. In the present work, we demonstrated an integrated lateral flow device that applied the capillary forces with functionalized polymer-based microfluidics as a strategy to realize a portable, simplified, and self-powered lateral flow device (LFD). The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface was rendered hydrophilic via functionalization with different concentrations of Pluronic F127. Controlled flow is a key variable for immunoassay-based applications for providing enough time for protein binding to antibodies. The flow rate of the integrated LFD was regulated by the combination of multiple factors, including Pluronic F127 functionalized surface properties and surface treatments of microchannels, resistance of the integrated flow resistor, the dimensions of the microstructures and the spacing between them in the capillary pump, the contact angles, and viscosity of the fluids. Various plasma flow rates were regulated and achieved in the whole device. The LFD combined the ability to separate high quality plasma from human whole blood by using a highly asymmetric plasma separation membrane, and created controlled and steady fluid flow using capillary forces produced by the interfacial tensions. Biomarker immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection from plasma was demonstrated with a graphene nanoelectronic sensor integrated with the LFD. The developed LFD can be used as a flexible and versatile platform, and has the potential for detecting circulating biomarkers from whole blood. Sandwich-immunoassays can be performed directly on the LFD by patterning receptors for analytes on a desired substrate, and detections can be performed using a variety of sensing methods including nanoelectronic, colorimetric, or fluorescence sensors. The described bio-sensing technology presents an alternative for POC testing using small samples of human whole blood. It could benefit regions with limited access to healthcare, where delays in diagnosis can lead to quick deterioration of the quality of life and increase the morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Betancur
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (V.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (V.B.); (N.W.)
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-293-9144
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30
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Fu Y, Zhou X, Xing D. Lab-on-capillary: a rapid, simple and quantitative genetic analysis platform integrating nucleic acid extraction, amplification and detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:4334-4341. [PMID: 29139529 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe for the first time a genetic diagnosis platform employing a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA)-modified capillary and a liquid-based thermalization system for rapid, simple and quantitative DNA analysis with minimal user interaction. Positively charged PDDA is modified on the inner surface of the silicon dioxide capillary by using an electrostatic self-assembly approach that allows the negatively charged DNA to be separated from the lysate in less than 20 seconds. The capillary loaded with the PCR mix is incorporated in the thermalization system, which can achieve on-site real-time PCR. This system is based on the circulation of pre-heated liquids in the chamber, allowing for high-speed thermalization of the capillary and fast amplification. Multiple targets can be simultaneously analysed with multiplex spatial melting. Starting with live Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells in milk, as a realistic sample, the current method can achieve DNA extraction, amplification, and detection within 40 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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31
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Gibson-Daw G, Crenshaw K, McCord B. Optimization of ultrahigh-speed multiplex PCR for forensic analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:235-245. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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DuVall JA, Le Roux D, Thompson BL, Birch C, Nelson DA, Li J, Mills DL, Tsuei AC, Ensenberger MG, Sprecher C, Storts DR, Root BE, Landers JP. Rapid multiplex DNA amplification on an inexpensive microdevice for human identification via short tandem repeat analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2017. [PMID: 28622802 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Forensic DNA analysis requires several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and separation of PCR fragments. Intuitively, there are numerous situations where it would be beneficial to speed up the overall DNA analysis process; in this work, we focus on the most time-consuming component in the analysis pipeline, namely the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primers were specially designed to target 10 human genomic loci, all yielding amplicons shorter than 350 bases, for ease of downstream integration with on-board microchip electrophoresis. Primer concentrations were adjusted specifically for microdevice amplification, resulting in well-balanced short tandem repeat (STR) profiles. Furthermore, studies were performed to push the limits of the DNA polymerase to achieve rapid, multiplexed PCR on various substrates, including transparent and black polyethylene terephthalate (Pe), and with two distinct adhesives, toner and heat sensitive adhesive (HSA). Rapid STR-based multiplexed PCR amplification is demonstrated in 15 min on a Pe microdevice using a custom-built system for fluid flow control and thermocycling for the full 10-plex, and in 10 min for a smaller multiplex consisting of six core CODIS loci plus Amelogenin with amplicons shorter than 200bp. Lastly, preliminary studies indicate the capability of this PCR microdevice platform to be integrated with both upstream DNA extraction, and downstream microchip electrophoresis. This, coupled to the use of reagents that are compatible with lyophilization (lyo-compatible) for PCR, represents the potential for a fully integrated rotationally-driven microdevice for complete forensic DNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn A DuVall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Delphine Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Brandon L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Christopher Birch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Daniel A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Daniel L Mills
- TeGrex Technologies, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - An-Chi Tsuei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | | | | | | | - Brian E Root
- Applied Research Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; TeGrex Technologies, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States.
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Sun M, Xie Y, Zhu J, Li J, Eijkel JCT. Improving the Resolution of 3D-Printed Molds for Microfluidics by Iterative Casting-Shrinkage Cycles. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2227-2231. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jihong Zhu
- Engineering
Simulation and Aerospace Computing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jun Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- BIOS−Lab
on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute
for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522
NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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Dou M, Sanjay ST, Dominguez DC, Liu P, Xu F, Li X. Multiplexed instrument-free meningitis diagnosis on a polymer/paper hybrid microfluidic biochip. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:865-873. [PMID: 27657849 PMCID: PMC5125860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are three most common pathogens accounting for most bacterial meningitis, a serious global infectious disease with high fatality, especially in developing nations. Because the treatment and antibiotics differ among each type, the identification of the exact bacteria causing the disease is vital. Herein, we report a polymer/paper hybrid microfluidic biochip integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for multiplexed instrument-free diagnosis of these three major types of bacterial meningitis, with high sensitivity and specificity. Results can be visually observed by the naked eye or imaged by a smartphone camera under a portable UV light source. Without using any specialized laboratory instrument, the limits of detection of a few DNA copies per LAMP zone for N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae and Hib were achieved within 1h. In addition, these three types of microorganisms spiked in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) were directly detected simultaneously, avoiding cumbersome sample preparation procedures in conventional methods. Compared with the paper-free non-hybrid microfluidic biochip over a period of three months, the hybrid microfluidic biochip was found to have a much longer shelf life. Hence, this rapid, instrument-free and highly sensitive microfluidic approach has great potential for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of multiple infectious diseases simultaneously, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sharma T Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Delfina C Dominguez
- College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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Kim SC, Premasekharan G, Clark IC, Gemeda HB, Paris PL, Abate AR. Measurement of copy number variation in single cancer cells using rapid-emulsification digital droplet MDA. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2017; 3:17018. [PMID: 30147985 PMCID: PMC6108428 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Uniform amplification of low input DNA is important for applications across biology, including single-cell genomics, forensic science, and microbial and viral sequencing. However, the requisite biochemical amplification methods are prone to bias, skewing sequence proportions and obscuring signals relating to copy number. Digital droplet multiple displacement amplification enables uniform amplification, but requires expert knowledge of microfluidics to generate monodisperse emulsions. In addition, existing microfluidic methods are tedious and labor intensive for preparing many samples. Here, we introduce rapid emulsification multiple displacement amplification, a method to generate monodisperse droplets with a hand-held syringe and hierarchical droplet splitter. While conventional microfluidic devices require >10 minutes to emulsify a sample, our system takes tens of seconds and yields data of equivalent quality. We demonstrate the approach by using it to accurately measure copy number variation in single cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gayatri Premasekharan
- Department of Urology, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Iain C. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hawi B. Gemeda
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pamela L. Paris
- Department of Urology, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam R. Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Sanjay ST, Dou M, Fu G, Xu F, Li X. Controlled Drug Delivery Using Microdevices. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2016; 17:772-87. [PMID: 26813304 PMCID: PMC5135015 DOI: 10.2174/1389201017666160127110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drugs administered systematically are evenly distributed to the whole body through blood circulation and have to cross many biological barriers before reaching the pathological site. Conventional drug delivery may make drugs inactive or reduce their potency as they may be hydrolyzed or degraded enzymatically and are rapidly excreted through the urinary system resulting in suboptimal concentration of drugs at the desired site. Controlled drug delivery aims to localize the pharmacological activity of the drug to the desired site at desired release rates. The advances made by micro/nanofluidic technologies have provided new opportunities for better-controlled drug delivery. Various components of a drug delivery system can be integrated within a single tiny micro/nanofluidic chip. This article reviews recent advances of controlled drug delivery made by microfluidic/nanofluidic technologies. We first discuss microreservoir-based drug delivery systems. Then we highlight different kinds of microneedles used for controlled drug delivery, followed with a brief discussion about the current limitations and the future prospects of controlled drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA.
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Park BH, Oh SJ, Jung JH, Choi G, Seo JH, Kim DH, Lee EY, Seo TS. An integrated rotary microfluidic system with DNA extraction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and lateral flow strip based detection for point-of-care pathogen diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 91:334-340. [PMID: 28043075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics plays a pivotal role for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. In spite of recent advancement in microfluidic based POC devices, there are still rooms for development to realize rapid, automatic and cost-effective sample-to-result genetic analysis. In this study, we propose an integrated rotary microfluidic system that is capable of performing glass microbead based DNA extraction, loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and colorimetric lateral flow strip based detection in a sequential manner with an optimized microfluidic design and a rotational speed control. Rotation direction-dependent coriolis force and siphon valving structures enable us to perform the fluidic control and metering, and the use of the lateral flow strip as a detection method renders all the analytical processes for nucleic acid test simplified and integrated without the need of expensive instruments or human intervention. As a proof of concept for point-of-care DNA diagnostics, we identified the food-borne bacterial pathogen which was contaminated in water or milk. Not only monoplex Salmonella Typhimurium but also multiplex Salmonella Typhimurium and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were analysed on the integrated rotary genetic analysis microsystem with a limit of detection of 50 CFU in 80min. In addition, three multiple samples were simultaneously analysed on a single device. The sample-to-result capability of the proposed microdevice provides great usefulness in the fields of clinical diagnostics, food safety and environment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Goro Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17140, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17140, Republic of Korea.
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Gao N, Gao F, He S, Zhu Q, Huang J, Tanaka H, Wang Q. Graphene oxide directed in-situ deposition of electroactive silver nanoparticles and its electrochemical sensing application for DNA analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 951:58-67. [PMID: 27998486 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-performance biosensing platform is heavily dependent on the recognition property of the sensing layer and the output intensity of the signal probe. Herein, we present a simple and highly sensitive biosensing interface for DNA detection on the basis of graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs) directed in-situ deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The fabrication process and electrochemical properties of the biosensing interface were probed by electrochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that GONs can specifically adsorb at the single-stranded DNA probe surface, and induces the deposition of highly electroactive AgNPs. Upon hybridization with complementary oligonucleotides to generate the duplex DNA on the electrode surface, the GONs with the deposited AgNPs will be liberated from the sensing interface due to the inferior affinity of GONs and duplex DNA, resulting in the reduction of the electrochemical signal. Such a strategy combines the superior recognition of GONs toward single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA, and the strong electrochemical response of in-situ deposited AgNPs. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor can detect target DNA over a wide range from 10 fM to 10 nM with a detection limit of 7.6 fM. Also, the developed biosensor shows outstanding discriminating ability toward oligonucleotides with different mismatching degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan.
| | - Suyu He
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, PR China
| | - Qionghua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, PR China
| | - Jiafu Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, PR China
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, PR China.
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39
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Thompson BL, Birch C, Nelson DA, Li J, DuVall JA, Le Roux D, Tsuei AC, Mills DL, Root BE, Landers JP. A centrifugal microfluidic device with integrated gold leaf electrodes for the electrophoretic separation of DNA. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4569-4580. [PMID: 27766331 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00953k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Current conventional methods utilized for forensic DNA analysis are time consuming and labor-intensive requiring large and expensive equipment and instrumentation. While more portable Rapid DNA systems have been developed, introducing them to a working laboratory still necessitates a high cost of initiation followed by the recurrent cost of the devices. This has highlighted the need for an inexpensive, rapid and portable DNA analysis tool for human identification in a forensic setting. In order for an integrated DNA analysis system such as this to be realized, device operations must always be concluded by a rapid separation of short-tandem repeat (STR) DNA fragments. Contributing to this, we report the development of a unique, multi-level, centrifugal microdevice that can perform both reagent loading and DNA separation. The fabrication protocol was inspired by the print, cut and laminate (PCL) technique described previously by our group, and in accordance, offers a rapid and inexpensive option compared with existing approaches. The device comprises multiple polyester-toner fluidic layers, a cyclic olefin copolymer separation domain and integrated gold leaf electrodes. All materials are commercially-available and complement the PCL process in a way that permits fabrication of increasingly sought after single-use devices. All reagents, including a viscous sieving matrix, are loaded centrifugally, eliminating external pneumatic pumping, and the sample is separated in <5 minutes using an effective separation length of only 4 cm (reagent loading to completed separation, is <37 minutes). The protocol for gold leaf electrode manufacture yielded up to 30 electrodes for less than $3 (cost of a 79 mm × 79 mm gold leaf sheet) and when using a device combining these electrodes and centrifugal reagent/polymer loading, the electrophoretic separation of STR fragments with two base resolution was demonstrated. This exemplary performance makes the device an ideal candidate for further integration and development of an inexpensive, portable and rapid forensic human identification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Christopher Birch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Daniel A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn A DuVall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Delphine Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - An-Chi Tsuei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | | | - Brian E Root
- Applied Research Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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40
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Kim H, Suk S, Lim K, Park N, Hahn JH. Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Device for Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, BioNanotechnology Center; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Gyeongsangbuk-Do 790-784 South Korea
| | - Shinae Suk
- Department of Chemistry, BioNanotechnology Center; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Gyeongsangbuk-Do 790-784 South Korea
| | - Kwanseop Lim
- Department of Chemistry, BioNanotechnology Center; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Gyeongsangbuk-Do 790-784 South Korea
| | - Nokyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry; Myongji University; Gyeonggi-Do 449-728 South Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, BioNanotechnology Center; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Gyeongsangbuk-Do 790-784 South Korea
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41
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Cox JO, DeCarmen TS, Ouyang Y, Strachan B, Sloane H, Connon C, Gibson K, Jackson K, Landers JP, Cruz TD. A novel, integrated forensic microdevice on a rotation-driven platform: Buccal swab to STR product in less than 2 h. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:3046-3058. [PMID: 27620618 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the development of a novel microdevice for forensic DNA processing of reference swabs. This microdevice incorporates an enzyme-based assay for DNA preparation, which allows for faster processing times and reduced sample handling. Infrared-mediated PCR (IR-PCR) is used for STR amplification using a custom reaction mixture, allowing for amplification of STR loci in 45 min while circumventing the limitations of traditional block thermocyclers. Uniquely positioned valves coupled with a simple rotational platform are used to exert fluidic control, eliminating the need for bulky external equipment. All microdevices were fabricated using laser ablation and thermal bonding of PMMA layers. Using this microdevice, the enzyme-mediated DNA liberation module produced DNA yields similar to or higher than those produced using the traditional (tube-based) protocol. Initial microdevice IR-PCR experiments to test the amplification module and reaction (using Phusion Flash/SpeedSTAR) generated near-full profiles that suffered from interlocus peak imbalance and poor adenylation (significant -A). However, subsequent attempts using KAPA 2G and Pfu Ultra polymerases generated full STR profiles with improved interlocus balance and the expected adenylated product. A fully integrated run designed to test microfluidic control successfully generated CE-ready STR amplicons in less than 2 h (<1 h of hands-on time). Using this approach, high-quality STR profiles were developed that were consistent with those produced using conventional DNA purification and STR amplification methods. This method is a smaller, more elegant solution than current microdevice methods and offers a cheaper, hands-free, closed-system alternative to traditional forensic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan O Cox
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Yiwen Ouyang
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, & Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Briony Strachan
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, & Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hillary Sloane
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, & Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Cathey Connon
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kemper Gibson
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly Jackson
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, & Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James P Landers
- Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, & Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tracey Dawson Cruz
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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42
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Ahrberg CD, Manz A, Chung BG. Polymerase chain reaction in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3866-3884. [PMID: 27713993 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00984k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has caused a revolution in molecular biology, giving access to a method of amplifying deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules across several orders of magnitude. Since the first application of PCR in a microfluidic device was developed in 1998, an increasing number of researchers have continued the development of microfluidic PCR systems. In this review, we introduce recent developments in microfluidic-based space and time domain devices as well as discuss various designs integrated with multiple functions for sample preparation and detection. The development of isothermal nucleic acid amplification and digital PCR microfluidic devices within the last five years is also highlighted. Furthermore, we introduce various commercial microfluidic PCR devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Manz
- Microfluidics group, KIST-Europe, Saarbrücken, Germany and Mechanotronics Department, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
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43
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Liu Y, Li C, Li Z, Chan SD, Eto D, Wu W, Zhang JP, Chien RL, Wada HG, Greenstein M, Satomura S. On-chip quantitative PCR using integrated real-time detection by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:545-52. [PMID: 26456095 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) has been widely used for the detection and monitoring of a variety of infectious diseases. PCR and CE were integrated into a microfluidic chip that was designed to achieve rapid real-time amplicon sampling, separation, and quantitation without requiring various probes. A novel chip design allows the overlapped execution of PCR and CE, minimizing the time required for CE analysis after each PCR cycle. The performance of the on-chip qPCR method was demonstrated using a 45-minutes model assay protocol for the phiX174 bacteriophage, and the multiplexing capability of the method was demonstrated by adding a second target, E. coli genomic DNA, to the model assay. The results indicate good sensitivity, reproducibility, and linearity over the tested assay range, 50 to 2 × 10(4) copies/25 μL reaction. Based on this performance, the on-chip qPCR method should be applicable to a wide variety of infectious disease detection and monitoring assays with the addition of suitable sample preparation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Wako Life Sciences, Inc, CA, USA
| | - Chen Li
- Wako Life Sciences, Inc, CA, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- Wako Life Sciences, Inc, CA, USA
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44
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Microfluidic Devices for Forensic DNA Analysis: A Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6030041. [PMID: 27527231 PMCID: PMC5039660 DOI: 10.3390/bios6030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices may offer various advantages for forensic DNA analysis, such as reduced risk of contamination, shorter analysis time and direct application at the crime scene. Microfluidic chip technology has already proven to be functional and effective within medical applications, such as for point-of-care use. In the forensic field, one may expect microfluidic technology to become particularly relevant for the analysis of biological traces containing human DNA. This would require a number of consecutive steps, including sample work up, DNA amplification and detection, as well as secure storage of the sample. This article provides an extensive overview of microfluidic devices for cell lysis, DNA extraction and purification, DNA amplification and detection and analysis techniques for DNA. Topics to be discussed are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on-chip, digital PCR (dPCR), isothermal amplification on-chip, chip materials, integrated devices and commercially available techniques. A critical overview of the opportunities and challenges of the use of chips is discussed, and developments made in forensic DNA analysis over the past 10–20 years with microfluidic systems are described. Areas in which further research is needed are indicated in a future outlook.
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45
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Parallel-processing continuous-flow device for optimization-free polymerase chain reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6751-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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46
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Sanjay ST, Dou M, Sun J, Li X. A paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic microplate for rapid quantitative detection of multiple disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016. [PMID: 27456979 DOI: 10.1038/srep30474+6:30474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most widely used laboratory disease diagnosis methods. However, performing ELISA in low-resource settings is limited by long incubation time, large volumes of precious reagents, and well-equipped laboratories. Herein, we developed a simple, miniaturized paper/PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) hybrid microfluidic microplate for low-cost, high throughput, and point-of-care (POC) infectious disease diagnosis. The novel use of porous paper in flow-through microwells facilitates rapid antibody/antigen immobilization and efficient washing, avoiding complicated surface modifications. The top reagent delivery channels can simply transfer reagents to multiple microwells thus avoiding repeated manual pipetting and costly robots. Results of colorimetric ELISA can be observed within an hour by the naked eye. Quantitative analysis was achieved by calculating the brightness of images scanned by an office scanner. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) were quantitatively analyzed with good reliability in human serum samples. Without using any specialized equipment, the limits of detection of 1.6 ng/mL for IgG and 1.3 ng/mL for HBsAg were achieved, which were comparable to commercial ELISA kits using specialized equipment. We envisage that this simple POC hybrid microplate can have broad applications in various bioassays, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma T Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.,Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
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47
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Sanjay ST, Dou M, Sun J, Li X. A paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic microplate for rapid quantitative detection of multiple disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30474. [PMID: 27456979 PMCID: PMC4960536 DOI: 10.1038/srep30474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most widely used laboratory disease diagnosis methods. However, performing ELISA in low-resource settings is limited by long incubation time, large volumes of precious reagents, and well-equipped laboratories. Herein, we developed a simple, miniaturized paper/PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) hybrid microfluidic microplate for low-cost, high throughput, and point-of-care (POC) infectious disease diagnosis. The novel use of porous paper in flow-through microwells facilitates rapid antibody/antigen immobilization and efficient washing, avoiding complicated surface modifications. The top reagent delivery channels can simply transfer reagents to multiple microwells thus avoiding repeated manual pipetting and costly robots. Results of colorimetric ELISA can be observed within an hour by the naked eye. Quantitative analysis was achieved by calculating the brightness of images scanned by an office scanner. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) were quantitatively analyzed with good reliability in human serum samples. Without using any specialized equipment, the limits of detection of 1.6 ng/mL for IgG and 1.3 ng/mL for HBsAg were achieved, which were comparable to commercial ELISA kits using specialized equipment. We envisage that this simple POC hybrid microplate can have broad applications in various bioassays, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma T Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.,Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
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48
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Sanjay ST, Dou M, Sun J, Li X. A paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic microplate for rapid quantitative detection of multiple disease biomarkers. Sci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/srep30474 6:30474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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49
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Lee D, Kim YT, Lee JW, Kim DH, Seo TS. An integrated slidable direct polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis microdevice for rapid Y chromosome short tandem repeat analysis. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Total integrated slidable and valveless solid phase extraction-polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis microdevice for mini Y chromosome short tandem repeat genotyping. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 78:489-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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