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DuVall JA, Le Roux D, Thompson BL, Birch C, Nelson DA, Li J, Mills DL, Tsuei AC, Ensenberger MG, Sprecher C, Storts DR, Root BE, Landers JP. Rapid multiplex DNA amplification on an inexpensive microdevice for human identification via short tandem repeat analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2017. [PMID: 28622802 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Forensic DNA analysis requires several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and separation of PCR fragments. Intuitively, there are numerous situations where it would be beneficial to speed up the overall DNA analysis process; in this work, we focus on the most time-consuming component in the analysis pipeline, namely the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primers were specially designed to target 10 human genomic loci, all yielding amplicons shorter than 350 bases, for ease of downstream integration with on-board microchip electrophoresis. Primer concentrations were adjusted specifically for microdevice amplification, resulting in well-balanced short tandem repeat (STR) profiles. Furthermore, studies were performed to push the limits of the DNA polymerase to achieve rapid, multiplexed PCR on various substrates, including transparent and black polyethylene terephthalate (Pe), and with two distinct adhesives, toner and heat sensitive adhesive (HSA). Rapid STR-based multiplexed PCR amplification is demonstrated in 15 min on a Pe microdevice using a custom-built system for fluid flow control and thermocycling for the full 10-plex, and in 10 min for a smaller multiplex consisting of six core CODIS loci plus Amelogenin with amplicons shorter than 200bp. Lastly, preliminary studies indicate the capability of this PCR microdevice platform to be integrated with both upstream DNA extraction, and downstream microchip electrophoresis. This, coupled to the use of reagents that are compatible with lyophilization (lyo-compatible) for PCR, represents the potential for a fully integrated rotationally-driven microdevice for complete forensic DNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn A DuVall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Delphine Le Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Brandon L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Christopher Birch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Daniel A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Daniel L Mills
- TeGrex Technologies, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - An-Chi Tsuei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | | | | | | | - Brian E Root
- Applied Research Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; TeGrex Technologies, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States.
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Oostdik K, Lenz K, Nye J, Schelling K, Yet D, Bruski S, Strong J, Buchanan C, Sutton J, Linner J, Frazier N, Young H, Matthies L, Sage A, Hahn J, Wells R, Williams N, Price M, Koehler J, Staples M, Swango KL, Hill C, Oyerly K, Duke W, Katzilierakis L, Ensenberger MG, Bourdeau JM, Sprecher CJ, Krenke B, Storts DR. Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) Fusion System for analysis of casework and reference samples: A 24-locus multiplex for new database standards. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 12:69-76. [PMID: 24905335 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The original CODIS database based on 13 core STR loci has been overwhelmingly successful for matching suspects with evidence. Yet there remain situations that argue for inclusion of more loci and increased discrimination. The PowerPlex(®) Fusion System allows simultaneous amplification of the following loci: Amelogenin, D3S1358, D1S1656, D2S441, D10S1248, D13S317, Penta E, D16S539, D18S51, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, TH01, vWA, D21S11, D7S820, D5S818, TPOX, DYS391, D8S1179, D12S391, D19S433, FGA, and D22S1045. The comprehensive list of loci amplified by the system generates a profile compatible with databases based on either the expanded CODIS or European Standard Set (ESS) requirements. Developmental validation testing followed SWGDAM guidelines and demonstrated the quality and robustness of the PowerPlex(®) Fusion System across a number of variables. Consistent and high-quality results were compiled using data from 12 separate forensic and research laboratories. The results verify that the PowerPlex(®) Fusion System is a robust and reliable STR-typing multiplex suitable for human identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Oostdik
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Kristy Lenz
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Nye
- Michigan State Police, 333 South Grand Avenue, P.O. Box 30634, Lansing, MI 48909, USA.
| | - Kristin Schelling
- Michigan State Police, 333 South Grand Avenue, P.O. Box 30634, Lansing, MI 48909, USA.
| | - Donald Yet
- Michigan State Police, 333 South Grand Avenue, P.O. Box 30634, Lansing, MI 48909, USA.
| | - Scott Bruski
- Michigan State Police, 333 South Grand Avenue, P.O. Box 30634, Lansing, MI 48909, USA.
| | - Joshua Strong
- Michigan State Police, 333 South Grand Avenue, P.O. Box 30634, Lansing, MI 48909, USA.
| | - Clint Buchanan
- United States Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory, 4930 North 31st Street, Forest Park, GA 30297, USA(1).
| | - Joel Sutton
- United States Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory, 4930 North 31st Street, Forest Park, GA 30297, USA(1).
| | - Jessica Linner
- United States Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory, 4930 North 31st Street, Forest Park, GA 30297, USA(1).
| | - Nicole Frazier
- United States Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory, 4930 North 31st Street, Forest Park, GA 30297, USA(1).
| | - Hays Young
- Arkansas State Crime Laboratory, 3 Natural Resources Drive, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Learden Matthies
- Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, 1800 Paseo Rancho Castilla, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
| | - Amber Sage
- Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, 1800 Paseo Rancho Castilla, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
| | - Jeff Hahn
- Kansas Bureau of Investigation, Forensic Laboratory Division, 1620 Southwest Tyler Street, Topeka, KS 66612, USA.
| | - Regina Wells
- Kentucky State Police, 100 Sower Boulevard, Frankfort, KY 40601, USA.
| | - Natasha Williams
- Washington State Patrol, Crime Laboratory Division, 2203 Airport Way South, Seattle, WA 98134-2028, USA.
| | - Monica Price
- Washington State Patrol, Crime Laboratory Division, 2203 Airport Way South, Seattle, WA 98134-2028, USA.
| | - Jody Koehler
- Texas Department of Public Safety, Crime Laboratory, 5805 North Lamar Boulevard, Austin, TX 78752, USA.
| | - Melisa Staples
- New Hampshire State Police, Forensic Laboratory, 33 Hazen Drive, Concord, NH 03305, USA.
| | - Katie L Swango
- New Hampshire State Police, Forensic Laboratory, 33 Hazen Drive, Concord, NH 03305, USA.
| | - Carolyn Hill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biochemical Science Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA.
| | - Karen Oyerly
- Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, 800 East 2nd Street, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
| | - Wendy Duke
- Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, 800 East 2nd Street, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
| | - Lesley Katzilierakis
- Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, 800 East 2nd Street, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
| | | | - Jeanne M Bourdeau
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin Krenke
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| | - Douglas R Storts
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
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Tucker VC, Hopwood AJ, Sprecher CJ, McLaren RS, Rabbach DR, Ensenberger MG, Thompson JM, Storts DR. Developmental validation of the PowerPlex® ESX 16 and PowerPlex® ESX 17 Systems. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2012; 6:124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maurer LM, Tomasini-Johansson BR, Ma W, Annis DS, Eickstaedt NL, Ensenberger MG, Satyshur KA, Mosher DF. Extended binding site on fibronectin for the functional upstream domain of protein F1 of Streptococcus pyogenes. J Biol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a110.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Maurer LM, Tomasini-Johansson BR, Ma W, Annis DS, Eickstaedt NL, Ensenberger MG, Satyshur KA, Mosher DF. Extended binding site on fibronectin for the functional upstream domain of protein F1 of Streptococcus pyogenes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41087-99. [PMID: 20947497 PMCID: PMC3003407 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The 49-residue functional upstream domain (FUD) of Streptococcus pyogenes F1 adhesin interacts with fibronectin (FN) in a heretofore unknown manner that prevents assembly of a FN matrix. Biotinylated FUD (b-FUD) bound to adsorbed FN or its recombinant N-terminal 70-kDa fibrin- and gelatin-binding fragment (70K). Binding was blocked by FN or 70K, but not by fibrin- or gelatin-binding subfragments of 70K. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that FUD binds with K(d) values of 5.2 and 59 nM to soluble 70K and FN, respectively. We tested sets of FUD mutants and epitope-mapped monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for ability to compete with b-FUD for binding to FN or to block FN assembly by cultured fibroblasts. Deletions or alanine substitutions throughout FUD caused loss of both activities. mAb 4D1 to the (2)FNI module had little effect, whereas mAb 7D5 to the (4)FNI module in the fibrin-binding region, 5C3 to the (9)FNI module in the gelatin-binding region, or L8 to the G-strand of (1)FNIII module adjacent to (9)FNI caused loss of binding of b-FUD to FN and decreased FN assembly. Conversely, FUD blocked binding of 7D5, 5C3, or L8, but not of 4D1, to FN. Circular dichroism indicated that FUD binds to 70K by β-strand addition, a possibility supported by modeling based on crystal structures of peptides bound to (2)FNI-(5)FNI of the fibrin-binding domain and (8)FNI-(9)FNI of the gelatin-binding domain. Thus, the interaction likely involves an extensive anti-parallel β-zipper in which FUD interacts with the E-strands of (2)FNI-(5)FNI and (8)FNI-(9)FNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Maurer
- From the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Wenjiang Ma
- From the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Douglas S. Annis
- From the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nathan L. Eickstaedt
- From the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Martin G. Ensenberger
- From the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kenneth A. Satyshur
- From the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Deane F. Mosher
- From the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Tucker VC, Hopwood AJ, Sprecher CJ, McLaren RS, Rabbach DR, Ensenberger MG, Thompson JM, Storts DR. Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2010; 5:436-48. [PMID: 21071297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups' call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega(®) developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database(®), contained within the AmpFlSTR(®) SGM Plus(®) PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR(®) SGM Plus(®) kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR(®) SGM Plus(®) kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54-86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C Tucker
- Research & Development, The Forensic Science Service, 2960 Trident Court, Birmingham Business Park, Solihull Parkway, Birmingham B37 7YN, UK.
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Hill CR, Duewer DL, Kline MC, Sprecher CJ, McLaren RS, Rabbach DR, Krenke BE, Ensenberger MG, Fulmer PM, Storts DR, Butler JM. Concordance and population studies along with stutter and peak height ratio analysis for the PowerPlex ® ESX 17 and ESI 17 Systems. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2010; 5:269-75. [PMID: 20457109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The PowerPlex(®) ESX 17 and ESI 17 Systems for short tandem repeat (STR) amplification were developed by the Promega Corporation to meet the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) and the European DNA Profiling (EDNAP) Group recommendations for increasing the number of STR loci included in the European Standard Set (ESS). The PowerPlex ESX 17 and ESI 17 Systems utilize different PCR primer combinations to co-amplify the following 17 loci: D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D3S1358, D8S1179, D10S1248, D12S391, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, D22S1045, FGA, TH01, vWA, SE33, and the sex-typing locus amelogenin. A total of 1443 U.S. population samples were evaluated with pre-commercialization versions of both kits. Stutter and heterozygote peak height ratios have been used to characterize kit performance. Typing results have been used to estimate the match probabilities provided by the chosen loci as well as in concordance studies. Full concordance between the typing results for the two kits was observed in 99.994% (49,055 out of 49,062) STR allele calls compared. All genotyping discrepancies were confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. As a result of these comparisons, a second forward primer for the D22S1045 locus has been added to the PowerPlex ESX 17 System to address a primer binding site mutation and the D1S1656 locus reverse primer in the PowerPlex ESI 17 System was modified to eliminate an amplification-efficiency reducing primer dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Hill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8312, USA.
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McLaren RS, Ensenberger MG, Budowle B, Rabbach D, Fulmer PM, Sprecher CJ, Bessetti J, Sundquist TM, Storts DR. Post-injection hybridization of complementary DNA strands on capillary electrophoresis platforms: a novel solution for dsDNA artifacts. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2008; 2:257-73. [PMID: 19083835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several laboratories have reported the occurrence of a split or n-1 peak at the vWA locus in PowerPlex 16 and PowerPlex ES amplification products separated on 4- and 16-capillary electrophoresis instruments. The root cause of this artifact is post-PCR reannealing of the unlabeled, unincorporated vWA primer to the 3'-end of the tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-labeled strand of the vWA amplicon. This reannealing occurs in the capillary post-electrokinetic injection. The split peak is eliminated by incorporation into the loading cocktail of a sacrificial hybridization sequence (SHS) oligonucleotide that is complementary to the vWA primer. The SHS preferentially anneals to the primer instead of the TMR-labeled strand of the vWA amplicon. In addition, the n-10/n-18 artifact that may be seen at the vWA locus was determined to be due to double-stranded amplicon formed post-electrokinetic injection into the capillary. This was also eliminated by adding in two Complementary Oligo Targets (COT1 and COT2) in addition to the SHS oligonucleotide into the loading cocktail. These three oligonucleotides are complementary to the 33 bases at the 5'-end of the unlabeled vWA amplicon strand and the 60 bases at its 3'-end and therefore compete for hybridization to the TMR-labeled amplicon strand. Incorporation of these three oligonucleotides in the Internal Lane Standard 600 (ILS600) eliminate both the split peak and n-10/n-18 artifact in PowerPlex 16 and PowerPlex ES amplification products without affecting sizing of alleles at the vWA locus or any locus in the PowerPlex 16, PowerPlex Y, PowerPlex ES, AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus ID, AmpFlSTR Cofiler, and AmpFlSTR SGM Plus kits.
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Megid WA, Ensenberger MG, Halberg RB, Stanhope SA, Kent-First MG, Prolla TA, Bacher JW. A novel method for biodosimetry. Radiat Environ Biophys 2007; 46:147-54. [PMID: 17072633 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-006-0072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate methods for measuring the biological effects of radiation are critical for estimating an individual's health risk from radiation exposure. We investigated the feasibility of using radiation-induced mutations in repetitive DNA sequences to measure genetic damage caused by radiation exposure. Most repetitive sequences are in non-coding regions of the genome and alterations in these loci are usually not deleterious. Thus, mutations in non-coding repetitive sequences might accumulate, providing a stable molecular record of DNA damage caused by all past exposures. To test this hypothesis, we screened repetitive DNA sequences to identify the loci most sensitive to radiation-induced mutations and then investigated whether these mutations were stable in vivo over time and after multiple exposures. Microsatellite repeat markers were identified that exhibited a linear dose response up to 1 Gy of 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe ions and 137Cs gamma rays in mouse and human cells. Short tandem repeats on the Y chromosome and mononucleotide repeats on autosomal chromosomes exhibited significant increases in mutations at >or= 0.5 Gy of 56Fe ions with frequencies averaging 4.3-10.3 x 10(-3) mutations/locus/Gy/cell, high enough for direct detection of mutations in irradiated cells. A significant increase in radiation-induced mutations in extended mononucleotide repeats was detectible in vivo in mouse blood and cheek samples 10 and 26 weeks after radiation exposure and these mutations were additive over multiple exposures. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a novel method for biodosimetry that is applicable to humans and other species. This new approach should complement existing methods of biodosimetry and might be useful for measuring radiation exposure in circumstances that are not amenable to current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abdel Megid
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Ensenberger MG, Annis DS, Mosher DF. Actions of the functional upstream domain of protein F1 of Streptococcus pyogenes on the conformation of fibronectin. Biophys Chem 2005; 112:201-7. [PMID: 15572249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn), discovered by Harvard's Plasma Protein Program as plasma "cold-insoluble globulin" in the 1940s, has attracted much interest over the past three decades. One of the most interesting features of Fn is its ability to change shape in response to various environmental conditions and interactions with other substances found in the extra-cellular space. Here we examine the potential of the functional upstream domain (FUD) of Streptococcus pyogenes protein F1 to bring about changes in structure of Fn. In particular, we investigate the accessibility of Fn's 10th type III module that contains the integrin binding RGD motif. By use of monoclonal antibodies in a competitive ELISA assay, we found that FUD interacts with the amino-terminal type I modules of Fn to unveil the cell-binding region of Fn. This conformational change was achieved at sub-equimolar ratios of FUD/Fn monomer. We discuss the functional relevance of the interaction for both Fn and S. pyogenes and correlate the results with a conformational model of Fn that arose out of a collaboration between our laboratory and that of John Ferry.
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Ensenberger MG, Tomasini-Johansson BR, Sottile J, Ozeri V, Hanski E, Mosher DF. Specific interactions between F1 adhesin of Streptococcus pyogenes and N-terminal modules of fibronectin. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:35606-13. [PMID: 11468286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105417200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein F1 is a surface protein of Streptococcus pyogenes that mediates high affinity binding to fibronectin (Fn) and facilitates S. pyogenes adherence and penetration into cells. The smallest portion of F1 known to retain the full binding potential of the intact protein is a stretch of 49 amino acids known as the functional upstream domain (FUD). Synthetic and recombinant versions of FUD were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and used in fluorescence anisotropy experiments. These probes bound to Fn or the 70-kDa fragment of Fn with dissociation constants of 8-30 nm. Removal of the N-terminal seven residues of FUD did not cause a change in binding affinity. Further N- or C-terminal truncations resulted in complete loss of binding activity. Analysis of recombinant versions of the 70-kDa fragment that lacked one or several type I modules indicates that residues 1-7 of the 49-mer bind to type I modules I1 and I2 of the 27-kDa subfragment and the C-terminal residues bind to modules I4 and I5. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled 49-mer also bound with lower affinity to large Fn fragments that lack the five type I modules of the 27-kDa fragment but contain the other seven type 1 modules of Fn. These results indicate that, although FUD has a general affinity for type I modules, high affinity binding of FUD to Fn is mediated by specific interactions with N-terminal type I modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Ensenberger
- Department of Medicine and the Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Tomasini-Johansson BR, Kaufman NR, Ensenberger MG, Ozeri V, Hanski E, Mosher DF. A 49-residue peptide from adhesin F1 of Streptococcus pyogenes inhibits fibronectin matrix assembly. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:23430-9. [PMID: 11323441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103467200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
F1 is an adhesin of Streptococcus pyogenes which binds the N-terminal 70-kDa region of fibronectin with high affinity. The fibronectin binding region of F1 is comprised of a 43-residue upstream domain and a repeat domain comprised of five tandem 37-residue sequences. We investigated the effects of these domains on the assembly of fibronectin matrix by human dermal fibroblasts, MG63 osteosarcoma cells, or fibroblasts derived from fibronectin-null stem cells. Subequimolar or equimolar concentrations of recombinant proteins containing both the upstream and repeat domains or just the repeat domain enhanced binding of fibronectin or its N-terminal 70-kDa fragment to cell layers; higher concentrations of these recombinant proteins inhibited binding. The enhanced binding did not result in greater matrix assembly and was caused by increased ligand binding to substratum. In contrast, recombinant or synthetic protein containing the 43 residues of the upstream domain and the first 6 residues from the repeat domain exhibited monophasic inhibition with an IC(50) of approximately 10 nm. Truncation of the 49-residue sequence at its N or C terminus caused loss of inhibitory activity. The 49-residue upstream sequence blocked incorporation of both endogenous cellular fibronectin and exogenous plasma fibronectin into extracellular matrix and inhibited binding of 70-kDa fragment to fibronectin-null cells in a fibronectin-free system. Inhibition of matrix assembly by the 49-mer had no effect on cell adhesion to substratum, cell growth, formation of focal contacts, or formation of stress fibers. These results indicate that the 49-residue upstream sequence of F1 binds in an inhibitory mode to N-terminal parts of exogenous and endogenous fibronectin which are critical for fibronectin fibrillogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Tomasini-Johansson
- Department of Medicine and the Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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