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Ha NS, Onley JR, Deng K, Andeer P, Bowen BP, Gupta K, Kim PW, Kuch N, Kutschke M, Parker A, Song F, Fox B, Adams PD, de Raad M, Northen TR. A combinatorial droplet microfluidic device integrated with mass spectrometry for enzyme screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3361-3369. [PMID: 37401915 PMCID: PMC10484474 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00980c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) enables detection of different chemical species with a very high specificity; however, it can be limited by its throughput. Integrating MS with microfluidics has a tremendous potential to improve throughput and accelerate biochemical research. In this work, we introduce Drop-NIMS, a combination of a passive droplet loading microfluidic device and a matrix-free MS laser desorption ionization technique called nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS). This platform combines different droplets at random to generate a combinatorial library of enzymatic reactions that are deposited directly on the NIMS surface without requiring additional sample handling. The enzyme reaction products are then detected with MS. Drop-NIMS was used to rapidly screen enzymatic reactions containing low (on the order of nL) volumes of glycoside reactants and glycoside hydrolase enzymes per reaction. MS "barcodes" (small compounds with unique masses) were added to the droplets to identify different combinations of substrates and enzymes created by the device. We assigned xylanase activities to several putative glycoside hydrolases, making them relevant to food and biofuel industrial applications. Overall, Drop-NIMS is simple to fabricate, assemble, and operate and it has potential to be used with many other small molecule metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel S Ha
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jenny R Onley
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Kai Deng
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Peter Andeer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Kshitiz Gupta
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter W Kim
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Nathaniel Kuch
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Alex Parker
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fangchao Song
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brian Fox
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul D Adams
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Markus de Raad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Tong Z, Shen C, Li Q, Yin H, Mao H. Combining sensors and actuators with electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD): advanced digital microfluidic systems for biomedical applications. Analyst 2023; 148:1399-1421. [PMID: 36752059 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01707e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The concept of digital microfluidics (DMF) enables highly flexible and precise droplet manipulation at a picoliter scale, making DMF a promising approach to realize integrated, miniaturized "lab-on-a-chip" (LOC) systems for research and clinical purposes. Owing to its simplicity and effectiveness, electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is one of the most commonly studied and applied effects to implement DMF. However, complex biomedical assays usually require more sophisticated sample handling and detection capabilities than basic EWOD manipulation. Alternatively, combined systems integrating EWOD actuators and other fluidic handling techniques are essential for bringing DMF into practical use. In this paper, we briefly review the main approaches for the integration/combination of EWOD with other microfluidic manipulation methods or additional external fields for specified biomedical applications. The form of integration ranges from independently operating sub-systems to fully coupled hybrid actuators. The corresponding biomedical applications of these works are also summarized to illustrate the significance of these innovative combination attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoduo Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China. .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China. .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Hao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China. .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
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Osouli-Bostanabad K, Puliga S, Serrano DR, Bucchi A, Halbert G, Lalatsa A. Microfluidic Manufacture of Lipid-Based Nanomedicines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091940. [PMID: 36145688 PMCID: PMC9506151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticulate technologies have revolutionized drug delivery allowing for passive and active targeting, altered biodistribution, controlled drug release (temporospatial or triggered), enhanced stability, improved solubilization capacity, and a reduction in dose and adverse effects. However, their manufacture remains immature, and challenges exist on an industrial scale due to high batch-to-batch variability hindering their clinical translation. Lipid-based nanomedicines remain the most widely approved nanomedicines, and their current manufacturing methods remain discontinuous and face several problems such as high batch-to-batch variability affecting the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the product, laborious multistep processes, need for an expert workforce, and not being easily amenable to industrial scale-up involving typically a complex process control. Several techniques have emerged in recent years for nanomedicine manufacture, but a paradigm shift occurred when microfluidic strategies able to mix fluids in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometers and small volumes of liquid reagents in a highly controlled manner to form nanoparticles with tunable and reproducible structure were employed. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in the manufacturing of lipid-based nanomedicines using microfluidics with particular emphasis on the parameters that govern the control of CQAs of final nanomedicines. The impact of microfluidic environments on formation dynamics of nanomaterials, and the application of microdevices as platforms for nanomaterial screening are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Osouli-Bostanabad
- Biomaterials, Bio-Engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Robertson Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sara Puliga
- Biomaterials, Bio-Engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Dolores R. Serrano
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.S.); (A.L.); Tel.: +44-141-548-2675 (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Bucchi
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Gavin Halbert
- CRUK Formulation Unit, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Robertson Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-Engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Robertson Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- CRUK Formulation Unit, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Robertson Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Correspondence: (D.R.S.); (A.L.); Tel.: +44-141-548-2675 (A.L.)
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Goralczyk A, Bhagwat S, Mayoussi F, Nekoonam N, Sachsenheimer K, Hou P, Kotz-Helmer F, Helmer D, Rapp BE. Application of Micro/Nanoporous Fluoropolymers with Reduced Bioadhesion in Digital Microfluidics. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132201. [PMID: 35808037 PMCID: PMC9268009 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile platform for conducting a variety of biological and chemical assays. The most commonly used set-up for the actuation of microliter droplets is electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD), where the liquid is moved by an electrostatic force on a dielectric layer. Superhydrophobic materials are promising materials for dielectric layers, especially since the minimum contact between droplet and surface is key for low adhesion of biomolecules, as it causes droplet pinning and cross contamination. However, superhydrophobic surfaces show limitations, such as full wetting transition between Cassie and Wenzel under applied voltage, expensive and complex fabrication and difficult integration into already existing devices. Here we present Fluoropor, a superhydrophobic fluorinated polymer foam with pores on the micro/nanoscale as a dielectric layer in DMF. Fluoropor shows stable wetting properties with no significant changes in the wetting behavior, or full wetting transition, until potentials of 400 V. Furthermore, Fluoropor shows low attachment of biomolecules to the surface upon droplet movement. Due to its simple fabrication process, its resistance to adhesion of biomolecules and the fact it is capable of being integrated and exchanged as thin films into commercial DMF devices, Fluoropor is a promising material for wide application in DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goralczyk
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (A.G.); (S.B.); (F.M.); (N.N.); (K.S.); (P.H.); (F.K.-H.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Sagar Bhagwat
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (A.G.); (S.B.); (F.M.); (N.N.); (K.S.); (P.H.); (F.K.-H.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Fadoua Mayoussi
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (A.G.); (S.B.); (F.M.); (N.N.); (K.S.); (P.H.); (F.K.-H.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Niloofar Nekoonam
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (A.G.); (S.B.); (F.M.); (N.N.); (K.S.); (P.H.); (F.K.-H.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Kai Sachsenheimer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (A.G.); (S.B.); (F.M.); (N.N.); (K.S.); (P.H.); (F.K.-H.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Peilong Hou
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (A.G.); (S.B.); (F.M.); (N.N.); (K.S.); (P.H.); (F.K.-H.); (B.E.R.)
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (A.G.); (S.B.); (F.M.); (N.N.); (K.S.); (P.H.); (F.K.-H.); (B.E.R.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dorothea Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (A.G.); (S.B.); (F.M.); (N.N.); (K.S.); (P.H.); (F.K.-H.); (B.E.R.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bastian E. Rapp
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystem Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (A.G.); (S.B.); (F.M.); (N.N.); (K.S.); (P.H.); (F.K.-H.); (B.E.R.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Abbas A, Zhang C, Asad M, Waqas A, Khatoon A, Hussain S, Mir SH. Recent Developments in Artificial Super-Wettable Surfaces Based on Bioinspired Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:238. [PMID: 35054645 PMCID: PMC8781395 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by nature, significant research efforts have been made to discover the diverse range of biomaterials for various biomedical applications such as drug development, disease diagnosis, biomedical testing, therapy, etc. Polymers as bioinspired materials with extreme wettable properties, such as superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, have received considerable interest in the past due to their multiple applications in anti-fogging, anti-icing, self-cleaning, oil-water separation, biosensing, and effective transportation of water. Apart from the numerous technological applications for extreme wetting and self-cleaning products, recently, super-wettable surfaces based on polymeric materials have also emerged as excellent candidates in studying biological processes. In this review, we systematically illustrate the designing and processing of artificial, super-wettable surfaces by using different polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, drug/gene delivery, molecular recognition, and diagnosis. Special attention has been paid to applications concerning the identification, control, and analysis of exceedingly small molecular amounts and applications permitting high cell and biomaterial cell screening. Current outlook and future prospects are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Abbas
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (A.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (A.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Ahsan Waqas
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Asma Khatoon
- College of Business Administration, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer Hussain
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (A.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sajjad Husain Mir
- School of Chemistry and Advanced Materials & BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Center, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Ha NS, de Raad M, Han LZ, Golini A, Petzold CJ, Northen TR. Faster, better, and cheaper: harnessing microfluidics and mass spectrometry for biotechnology. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1331-1351. [PMID: 34704041 PMCID: PMC8496484 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening technologies are widely used for elucidating biological activities. These typically require trade-offs in assay specificity and sensitivity to achieve higher throughput. Microfluidic approaches enable rapid manipulation of small volumes and have found a wide range of applications in biotechnology providing improved control of reaction conditions, faster assays, and reduced reagent consumption. The integration of mass spectrometry with microfluidics has the potential to create high-throughput, sensitivity, and specificity assays. This review introduces the widely-used mass spectrometry ionization techniques that have been successfully integrated with microfluidics approaches such as continuous-flow system, microchip electrophoresis, droplet microfluidics, digital microfluidics, centrifugal microfluidics, and paper microfluidics. In addition, we discuss recent applications of microfluidics integrated with mass spectrometry in single-cell analysis, compound screening, and the study of microorganisms. Lastly, we provide future outlooks towards online coupling, improving the sensitivity and integration of multi-omics into a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel S Ha
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA USA
| | - Markus de Raad
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
| | - La Zhen Han
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA
| | - Amber Golini
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Berkeley CA USA
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Alias AB, Huang HY, Yao DJ. A Review on Microfluidics: An Aid to Assisted Reproductive Technology. Molecules 2021; 26:4354. [PMID: 34299629 PMCID: PMC8303723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a state of the male or female reproductive system that is defined as the failure to achieve pregnancy even after 12 or more months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) plays a crucial role in addressing infertility. Various ART are now available for infertile couples. Fertilization in vitro (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI) are the most common techniques in this regard. Various microfluidic technologies can incorporate various ART procedures such as embryo and gamete (sperm and oocyte) analysis, sorting, manipulation, culture and monitoring. Hence, this review intends to summarize the current knowledge about the application of this approach towards cell biology to enhance ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Baby Alias
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Yuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Da-Jeng Yao
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Yang Y, Xu LP, Zhang X, Wang S. Bioinspired wettable-nonwettable micropatterns for emerging applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:8101-8115. [PMID: 32785360 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces are prevalent in nature and have received tremendous attention due to their importance in both fundamental research and practical applications. With the high interdisciplinary research and great development of microfabrication techniques, artificial wettable-nonwettable micropatterns inspired by the water-collection behavior of desert beetles have been successfully fabricated. A combination of the two extreme states of superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity on the same surface precisely, wettable-nonwettable micropatterns possess unique functionalities, such as controllable superwetting, anisotropic wetting, oriented adhesion, and other properties. In this review, we briefly describe the methods for fabricating wettable-nonwettable patterns, including self-assembly, electrodeposition, inkjet printing, and photolithography. We also highlight some of the emerging applications such as water collection, controllable bioadhesion, cell arrays, microreactors, printing techniques, and biosensors combined with various detection methods. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of this renascent and rapidly developing field are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Yang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. and School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Kothamachu VB, Zaini S, Muffatto F. Role of Digital Microfluidics in Enabling Access to Laboratory Automation and Making Biology Programmable. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:411-426. [PMID: 32584152 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320931794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a liquid handling technique that has been demonstrated to automate biological experimentation in a low-cost, rapid, and programmable manner. This review discusses the role of DMF as a "digital bioconverter"-a tool to connect the digital aspects of the design-build-learn cycle with the physical execution of experiments. Several applications are reviewed to demonstrate the utility of DMF as a digital bioconverter, namely, genetic engineering, sample preparation for sequencing and mass spectrometry, and enzyme-, immuno-, and cell-based screening assays. These applications show that DMF has great potential in the role of a centralized execution platform in a fully integrated pipeline for the production of novel organisms and biomolecules. In this paper, we discuss how the function of a DMF device within such a pipeline is highly dependent on integration with different sensing techniques and methodologies from machine learning and big data. In addition to that, we examine how the capacity of DMF can in some cases be limited by known technical and operational challenges and how consolidated efforts in overcoming these challenges will be key to the development of DMF as a major enabling technology in the computer-aided biology framework.
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10
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Hamdi A, Hosu IS, Coffinier Y. Influence of buried oxide layers of nanostructured SOI surfaces on matrix-free LDI-MS performances. Analyst 2020; 145:1328-1336. [PMID: 31942880 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the nanostructuration of the silicon crystalline top layer of different "home-made" SOI substrates presenting various buried oxide (BOx) layer thicknesses. The nanostructuration was achieved via a one-step metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) procedure. The etched N-SOI substrate surfaces were then characterized by AFM, SEM and photoluminescence. To investigate their laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry performances, the different surfaces have been assessed towards peptide mixtures. We have shown that the matrix-free LDI process occurred from surface heating after laser irradiation and was fostered by thermal confinement in the thin nanostructured Si surface layer. This thermal confinement was enhanced with the increase of the buried oxide layer thickness until an optimal thickness of 200 nm for which the best results in terms of signal intensities, peptide discrimination and spot to spot and surface to surface variations were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmane Hamdi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, IEMN, UMR CNRS 8520, Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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11
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Li N, Dou S, Feng L, Wang X, Lu N. Enriching analyte molecules on tips of superhydrophobic gold nanocones for trace detection with SALDI-MS. Talanta 2019; 205:120085. [PMID: 31450398 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis depends on the efficiency of desorption and ionization of analyte molecules, which is usually limited by the low utilization efficiency of laser energy. Herein we demonstrate an efficient method to increase energy utilization efficiency for improving the efficiency of desorption and ionization of analyte molecules in SALDI-MS analysis. To increase the utilization efficiency of energy, a superhydrophobic gold film covered silicon nanocone array is fabricated and used as SALDI substrate. The nanocone array increases the absorption up to 99.65% at the wavelength of 355 nm, which is applied for SALDI-MS detection. The superhydrophobicity promotes the analyte molecules concentrated on the tips of nanocones where photon energy is confined, therefore, more energy can be provided for desorption and ionization of analytes. The energy efficiency is increased by using this substrate. The sensitivity of SALDI-MS analysis is greatly improved. For example, 100 amol/μL of rhodamine 6G, 100 fmol/μL of polyethyleneglycol, 100 ymol/μL of glutathione and 100 ymol/μL arginine still can be analyzed. The lake water containing malachite green was used as the real sample. The regression equation (Log I = 0.39 Log C + 6.58, R2 = 0.9811) was obtained when the concentration of analyte was in the range from 10-4 mol/L to 10-8 mol/L. Therefore, the calculated LOD and LOQ are 1.35 × 10-14 mol/L and 1.35 × 10-7 mol/L, respectively. In addition, the lower relative standard deviation (0.7%, n = 10), proper recovery (113% and 91%), and low matrix effect (-1.1% and -1.1%) all demonstrate the great potential of the designed substrate in practical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
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12
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Du J, Zhu Q, Teng F, Wang Y, Lu N. Ag nanoparticles/ZnO nanorods for highly sensitive detection of small molecules with laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 192:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hamdi A, Hosu IS, Addad A, Hartkoorn R, Drobecq H, Melnyk O, Ezzaouia H, Boukherroub R, Coffinier Y. MoS2/TiO2/SiNW surface as an effective substrate for LDI-MS detection of glucose and glutathione in real samples. Talanta 2017; 171:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Hosu IS, Sobaszek M, Ficek M, Bogdanowicz R, Drobecq H, Boussekey L, Barras A, Melnyk O, Boukherroub R, Coffinier Y. Carbon nanowalls: a new versatile graphene based interface for the laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry detection of small compounds in real samples. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9701-9715. [PMID: 28675223 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanowalls, vertically aligned graphene nanosheets, attract attention owing to their tunable band gap, high conductivity, high mechanical robustness, high optical absorbance and other remarkable properties. In this paper, we report for the first time the use of hydrophobic boron-doped carbon nanowalls (CNWs) for laser desorption/ionization of small compounds and their subsequent detection by mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). The proposed method offers sensitive detection of various small molecules in the absence of an organic matrix. The CNWs were grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD), using a boron-carbon gas flow ratio of 1200 in H2/CH4 plasma, on silicon <100> wafer. The hydrophobicity of the surface offers a straightforward MS sample deposition, consisting of drop casting solutions of analytes and drying in air. Limits of detection in the picomolar and femtomolar ranges (25 fmol μL-1 for neurotensin) were achieved for different types of compounds (fatty acids, lipids, metabolites, saccharides and peptides) having clinical or food industry applications. This rapid and sensitive procedure can also be used for quantitative measurements without internal standards with RSDs <19%, as in the case of glucose in aqueous solutions (LOD = 0.32 ± 0.02 pmol), blood serum or soft drinks. Moreover, melamine (63 ± 8.19 ng μL-1), a toxic compound, together with creatinine and paracetamol, was detected in urine samples, while lecithin was detected in food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hosu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, IEMN, UMR CNRS 8520, Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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16
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Shirani E, Razmjou A, Tavassoli H, Landarani-Isfahani A, Rezaei S, Abbasi Kajani A, Asadnia M, Hou J, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Strategically Designing a Pumpless Microfluidic Device on an "Inert" Polypropylene Substrate with Potential Application in Biosensing and Diagnostics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5565-5576. [PMID: 28489410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is an attempt to make a step forward to implement the very immature concept of pumpless transportation of liquid into a real miniaturized device or lab-on-chip (LOC) on a plastic substrate. "Inert" plastic materials such as polypropylene (PP) are used in a variety of biomedical applications but their surface engineering is very challenging. Here, it was demonstrated that with a facile innovative wettability patterning route using fluorosilanized UV-independent TiO2 nanoparticle coating it is possible to create wedge-shaped open microfluidic tracks on inert solid surfaces for low-cost biomedical devices (lab-on-plastic). For the future miniaturization and integration of the tracks into a device, a variety of characterization techniques were used to not only systematically study the surface patterning chemistry and topography but also to have a clear knowledge of its biological interactions and performance. The effect of such surface architecture on the biological performance was studied in terms of static/dynamic protein (bovine serum albumin) adsorption, bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) adhesion, cell viability (using HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines as well as noncancerous human fibroblast cells), and cell patterning (Murine embryonic fibroblasts). Strategies are discussed for incorporating such a confined track into a diagnostic device in which its sensing portion is based on protein, microorganism, or cells. Finally, for the proof-of-principle of biosensing application, the well-known high-affinity molecular couple of BSA-antiBSA as a biological model was employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shirani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan , Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan , Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Hossein Tavassoli
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Saghar Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan , Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Abbasi Kajani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan , Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- Department of Engineering, Macquarie University , Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jingwei Hou
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Application of paper EWOD (electrowetting-on-dielectrics) chip: Protein tryptic digestion and its detection using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-1208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Picca RA, Calvano CD, Lo Faro MJ, Fazio B, Trusso S, Ossi PM, Neri F, D'Andrea C, Irrera A, Cioffi N. Functionalization of silicon nanowire arrays by silver nanoparticles for the laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry analysis of vegetable oils. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:849-856. [PMID: 27476797 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel hybrid nanostructured surfaces, consisting of dense arrays of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) functionalized by Ag nanoparticles (AgNP/SiNWs), were used for the laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF MS) analysis of some typical unsaturated food components (e.g. squalene, oleic acid) to assess their MS performance. The synthesis of the novel platforms is an easy, cost-effective process based on the maskless wet-etching preparation at room temperature of SiNWs followed by their decoration with AgNPs, produced by pulsed laser deposition. No particular surface pretreatment or addition of organic matrixes/ionizers was necessary. Moreover, oil extracts (e.g. extra virgin olive oil, peanut oil) could be investigated on AgNP/SiNWs surfaces, revealing their different MS profiles. It was shown that such substrates operate at reduced laser energy, typically generating intense silver cluster ions and analyte adducts. A comparison with bare SiNWs was also performed, indicating the importance of AgNP density on NW surface. In this case, desorption/ionization on silicon was invoked as probable LDI mechanism. Finally, the influence of SiNW length and surface composition on MS results was assessed. The combination of typical properties of SiNWs (hydrophobicity, antireflectivity) with ionization ability of metal NPs can be a valid methodology for the further development of nanostructured surfaces in LDI-TOF MS applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Anna Picca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Josè Lo Faro
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
- MATIS CNR-IMM, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazio
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trusso
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Ossi
- Dipartimento di Energia and Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces-NEMAS, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Dipartimento di Scienze matematiche e informatiche, scienze fisiche e scienze della terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristiano D'Andrea
- MATIS CNR-IMM, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi Bari 'Aldo Moro', Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Shin S, Seo J, Han H, Kang S, Kim H, Lee T. Bio-Inspired Extreme Wetting Surfaces for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E116. [PMID: 28787916 PMCID: PMC5456462 DOI: 10.3390/ma9020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological creatures with unique surface wettability have long served as a source of inspiration for scientists and engineers. More specifically, materials exhibiting extreme wetting properties, such as superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use in various applications, such as self-cleaning fabrics, anti-fog windows, anti-corrosive coatings, drag-reduction systems, and efficient water transportation. In particular, the engineering of surface wettability by manipulating chemical properties and structure opens emerging biomedical applications ranging from high-throughput cell culture platforms to biomedical devices. This review describes design and fabrication methods for artificial extreme wetting surfaces. Next, we introduce some of the newer and emerging biomedical applications using extreme wetting surfaces. Current challenges and future prospects of the surfaces for potential biomedical applications are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Shin
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jungmok Seo
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Heetak Han
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Subin Kang
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Taeyoon Lee
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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21
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Huang HY, Shen HH, Chung LY, Chung YH, Chen CC, Hsu CH, Fan SK, Yao DJ. Fertilization of Mouse Gametes in Vitro Using a Digital Microfluidic System. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:857-63. [PMID: 26529769 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2485303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated in vitro fertilization (IVF) using a digital microfluidic (DMF) system, so-called electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). The DMF device was proved to be biocompatible and the DMF manipulation of a droplet was harmless to the embryos. This DMF platform was then used for the fertilization of mouse gametes in vitro and for embryo dynamic culture based on a dispersed droplet form. Development of the embryos was instantaneously recorded by a time-lapse microscope in an incubator. Our results indicated that increasing the number of sperms for IVF would raise the rate of fertilization. However, the excess of sperms in the 10 μL culture medium would more easily make the embryo dead during cell culture. Dynamic culture powered with EWOD can manipulate a single droplet containing mouse embryos and culture to the eight-cell stage. The fertilization rate of IVF demonstrated by DMF system was 34.8%, and about 25% inseminated embryos dynamically cultured on a DMF chip developed into an eight-cell stage. The results indicate that the DMF system has the potential for application in assisted reproductive technology.
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Joung YS, Buie CR. Antiwetting Fabric Produced by a Combination of Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydrophobic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20100-20110. [PMID: 26312560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a nanoparticle coating method to produce durable antiwetting polyester fabric. Electrophoretic deposition is used for fast modification of polyester fabric with silica nanoparticles embedded in polymeric networks for high durability coatings. Typically, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is utilized on electrically conductive substrates due to its dependence on an applied electrical field. EPD on nonconductive materials has been attempted but are limited by weak adhesion, cracks, and other irregularities. To resolve these issues, we coat polyester fabric with thin polymer layers using electrostatic self-assembly (layer-by-layer self-assembly). Next, silica nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the polymer layers. Finally, polymerically stabilized silica nanoparticles are deposited by EPD on the fabric, followed by heat treatment. The modified fabric shows high static contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis, while keeping its original color, flexibility, and air permeability. During a skin fiction resistance test, the hydrophobicity of the coating layer was maintained over 500 h. Furthermore, we also show that this approach facilitates patterned regions of wettability by modifying the electric field in EPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Joung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cullen R Buie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Hu JB, Chen TR, Chang CH, Cheng JY, Chen YC, Urban PL. A compact 3D-printed interface for coupling open digital microchips with Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 140:1495-501. [PMID: 25622965 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) based on the electrowetting-on-dielectric phenomenon is a convenient way of handling microlitre-volume aliquots of solutions prior to analysis. Although it was shown to be compatible with on-line mass spectrometric detection, due to numerous technical obstacles, the implementation of DMF in conjunction with MS is still beyond the reach of many analytical laboratories. Here we present a facile method for coupling open DMF microchips to mass spectrometers using Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization operated at atmospheric pressure. The proposed interface comprises a 3D-printed body that can easily be "clipped" at the inlet of a standard mass spectrometer. The accessory features all the necessary connections for an open-architecture DMF microchip with T-shaped electrode arrangement, thermostatting of the microchip, purification of air (to prevent accidental contamination of the microchip), a Venturi pump, and two microfluidic pumps to facilitate transfer of samples and reagents onto the microchip. The system also incorporates a touch-screen panel and remote control for user-friendly operation. It is based on the use of popular open-source electronic modules, and can readily be assembled at low expense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Bi Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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24
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Gao H, Lu S, Xu W, Szunerits S, Boukherroub R. Controllable fabrication of stable superhydrophobic surfaces on iron substrates. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02890f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable superhydrophobic surface with excellent corrosion resistance has been fabricated via electrochemical machining and anneal without organic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P.R. China
| | - Shixiang Lu
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P.R. China
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie
| | - Wenguo Xu
- School of Chemistry
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P.R. China
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie
- UMR CNRS 8520
- Université Lille 1
- Cité Scientifique
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie
- UMR CNRS 8520
- Université Lille 1
- Cité Scientifique
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq
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Wang X, Yi L, Mukhitov N, Schrell AM, Dhumpa R, Roper MG. Microfluidics-to-mass spectrometry: a review of coupling methods and applications. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1382:98-116. [PMID: 25458901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices offer great advantages in integrating sample processes, minimizing sample and reagent volumes, and increasing analysis speed, while mass spectrometry detection provides high information content, is sensitive, and can be used in quantitative analyses. The coupling of microfluidic devices to mass spectrometers is becoming more common with the strengths of both systems being combined to analyze precious and complex samples. This review summarizes select achievements published between 2010 and July 2014 in novel coupling between microfluidic devices and mass spectrometers. The review is subdivided by the types of ionization sources employed, and the different microfluidic systems used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lian Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Nikita Mukhitov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Adrian M Schrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Raghuram Dhumpa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael G Roper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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Arscott S. SU-8 as a material for lab-on-a-chip-based mass spectrometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3668-3689. [PMID: 25029537 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This short review focuses on the application of SU-8 for the microchip-based approach to the miniaturization of mass spectrometry. Chip-based mass spectrometry will make the technology commonplace and bring benefits such as lower costs and autonomy. The chip-based miniaturization of mass spectrometry necessitates the use of new materials which are compatible with top-down fabrication involving both planar and non-planar processes. In this context, SU-8 is a very versatile epoxy-based, negative tone resist which is sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and electron beam exposure. It has a very wide thickness range, from nanometres to millimetres, enabling the formation of mechanically rigid, very high aspect ratio, vertical, narrow width structures required to form microfluidic slots and channels for laboratory-on-a-chip design. It is also relatively chemically resistant and biologically compatible in terms of the liquid solutions used for mass spectrometry. This review looks at the impact and potential of SU-8 on the different parts of chip-based mass spectrometry - pre-treatment, ionization processes, and ion sorting and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Arscott
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS UMR8520, The University of Lille, Cité Scientifique, Avenue Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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27
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Lapierre F, Harnois M, Coffinier Y, Boukherroub R, Thomy V. Split and flow: reconfigurable capillary connection for digital microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3589-3593. [PMID: 25058858 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Supplying liquid to droplet-based microfluidic microsystems remains a delicate task facing the problems of coupling continuous to digital or macro- to microfluidic systems. Here, we take advantage of superhydrophobic microgrids to address this problem. Insertion of a capillary tube inside a microgrid aperture leads to a simple and reconfigurable droplet generation setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lapierre
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, University Lille 1, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Battle KN, Uba FI, Soper SA. Microfluidics for the analysis of membrane proteins: How do we get there? Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2253-66. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina N. Battle
- Department of Chemistry; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Franklin I. Uba
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
- BioFluidica, LLC, c/o Carolina Kick-Start; Chapel Hill NC USA
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; Ulsan Korea
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29
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Piret G, Perez MT, Prinz CN. Substrate porosity induces phenotypic alterations in retinal cells cultured on silicon nanowires. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Limitations of silicon nanowire arrays produced using chemical etching for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Piret
- Division of Solid State Physics
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Neuronano Research Center
- Lund University
| | - Maria-Thereza Perez
- Department of Clinical Sciences
- Division of Ophthalmology
- Lund University
- SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
- The Nanometer Structure Consortium
| | - Christelle N. Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Neuronano Research Center
- Lund University
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30
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Fleith C, Cantel S, Subra G, Mehdi A, Ciccione J, Martinez J, Enjalbal C. Laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry of peptides on a hybrid CHCA organic–inorganic matrix. Analyst 2014; 139:3748-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report applications of new hybrid organic–inorganic silica based materials as laser desorption/ionization (LDI)-promoting surfaces for high-throughput identification of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Fleith
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247
- Universités Montpellier 1 et 2
- Bâtiment Chimie (17)
- Université Montpellier 2
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247
- Universités Montpellier 1 et 2
- Bâtiment Chimie (17)
- Université Montpellier 2
| | - Gilles Subra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247
- Universités Montpellier 1 et 2
- Bâtiment Chimie (17)
- Université Montpellier 2
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253
- CMOS
- CC1701
- Université Montpellier 2
| | - Jeremie Ciccione
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247
- Universités Montpellier 1 et 2
- Bâtiment Chimie (17)
- Université Montpellier 2
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247
- Universités Montpellier 1 et 2
- Bâtiment Chimie (17)
- Université Montpellier 2
| | - Christine Enjalbal
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- UMR 5247
- Universités Montpellier 1 et 2
- Bâtiment Chimie (17)
- Université Montpellier 2
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31
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He X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Lin JM. Recent advances in microchip-mass spectrometry for biological analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Fellahi O, Sarma RK, Das MR, Saikia R, Marcon L, Coffinier Y, Hadjersi T, Maamache M, Boukherroub R. The antimicrobial effect of silicon nanowires decorated with silver and copper nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:495101. [PMID: 24231372 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/49/495101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports on the preparation and antibacterial activity of silicon nanowire (SiNW) substrates coated with Ag or Cu nanoparticles (NPs) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The substrates are easily prepared using the metal-assisted chemical etching of crystalline silicon in hydrofluoric acid/silver nitrate (HF/AgNO3) aqueous solution. Decoration of the SiNWs with metal NPs is achieved by simple immersion in HF aqueous solutions containing silver or copper salts. The SiNWs coated with Ag NPs are biocompatible with human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549 while possessing strong antibacterial properties to E. coli. In contrast, the SiNWs decorated with Cu NPs showed higher cytotoxicity and slightly lower antibacterial activity. Moreover, it was also observed that leakage of sugars and proteins from the cell wall of E. coli in interaction with SiNWs decorated with Ag NPs is higher compared to SiNWs modified with Cu NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Fellahi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI, USR-3078), Université Lille1, Parc de la Haute Borne, 50 avenue de Halley, BP 70478, F-59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. Unité de Développement de la Technologie du Silicium (UDTS), 2, Bd. Frantz Fanon, BP 140 Alger-7 merveilles, Algiers, Algeria. Laboratoire de Physique Quantique et Systèmes Dynamiques, Département de Physique, Université de Sétif, Sétif 19000, Algeria
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33
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Lapierre F, Coffinier Y, Boukherroub R, Thomy V. Electro-(de)wetting on superhydrophobic surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13346-13351. [PMID: 24088024 DOI: 10.1021/la4026848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Usually, electrowetting on superhydrophobic surfaces (EWOSS) is generated by application of an alternating current signal and often leads to droplet impalement into the structuration. To avoid this phenomenon, superhydrophobic surfaces must show robustness to high pressure. Otherwise, an external energy has to be applied to dewet the droplet from the structuration. We present, in this article, an original approach to actuate liquid droplets via a modulated EWOSS signal (MEWOSS). This technique allows the dewetting of the droplet due to periodic vibrations induced by the electrowetting actuation. In that case, it is possible to investigate a larger range of superhydrophobic surfaces under EWOSS without droplet impalement. Three different superhydrophobic surfaces, showing different degrees of impalement under EWOSS, are investigated and compared using this MEWOSS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lapierre
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, University Lille1 , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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34
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Lai Y, Lin L, Pan F, Huang J, Song R, Huang Y, Lin C, Fuchs H, Chi L. Bioinspired patterning with extreme wettability contrast on TiO2 nanotube array surface: a versatile platform for biomedical applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2945-53. [PMID: 23420792 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Binary wettability patterned surfaces with extremely high wetting contrasts can be found in nature on living creatures. They offer a versatile platform for microfluidic management. In this work, a facile approach to fabricating erasable and rewritable surface patterns with extreme wettability contrasts (superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic) on a TiO2 nanotube array (TNA) surface through self-assembly and photocatalytic lithography is reported. The multifunctional micropatterned superhydrophobic TNA surface can act as a 2D scaffold for site-selective cell immobilization and reversible protein absorption. Most importantly, such a high-contrast wettability template can be used to construct various well-defined 3D functional patterns, such as calcium phosphate, silver nanoparticles, drugs, and biomolecules in a highly selective manner. The 3D functional patterns would be a versatile platform in a wide range of applications, especially for biomedical devices (e.g., high-throughput molecular sensing, targeted antibacterials, and drug delivery). In a proof-of-concept study, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering and antibacterial performance of the fabricated 3D AgNP@TNA pattern, and the targeted drug delivery for site-specific and high-sensitivity cancer cell assays was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekun Lai
- Physikalisches Institute and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany; National Engineering Laboratory of Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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35
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Manna U, Lynn DM. Patterning and impregnation of superhydrophobic surfaces using aqueous solutions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:7731-7736. [PMID: 23931600 DOI: 10.1021/am4026467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a solvent-assisted approach to the patterning and impregnation of porous superhydrophobic coatings that permits the use of entirely aqueous solutions. This approach permits immobilization of proteins and enzymes, creating opportunities to decorate superhydrophobic surfaces with hydrophilic domains and channels that can capture aliquots of aqueous media, guide and mix aqueous solutions, and chemically process streams of organic molecules. Because this approach does not require destruction of non-wetting features, it can also be used to transfer highly water-soluble polymers and small molecules without compromising superhydrophobicity, providing methods for post-fabrication loading of water-soluble agents into protective non-wetting coatings that are difficult to achieve using other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Manna
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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36
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Kirby AE, Wheeler AR. Digital Microfluidics: An Emerging Sample Preparation Platform for Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6178-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401150q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Kirby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80
St George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80
St George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 3H6 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 3G9 Canada
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37
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Su Y, Zhu Y, Fang Q. A multifunctional microfluidic droplet-array chip for analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1876-1882. [PMID: 23525283 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a multifunctional semi-closed droplet-array chip coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection for multiple sample pretreatment and analysis. A novel interfacing method for coupling droplet system with ESI-MS was proposed using a sampling probe-two-dimensional (2D) droplet-array strategy. The 2D droplet-array system was composed of an 8 × 8 microwell array chip for droplet storage and a layer of oil covering the droplets served as a "virtual wall" to avoid droplet evaporation or cross-contamination. An L-shaped capillary was adopted as the interface of the droplet array and ESI-MS, using its inlet end as a sampling probe for droplets and its outlet with a tip size of ~20 μm as an electrospray emitter, without the need for any droplet extraction device. The droplet analysis was performed by moving the droplet-array chip to allow the capillary sampling probe to sequentially enter into the droplets through the oil and introduce the sample solution into the capillary emitter for MS detection. The MS analysis time for each droplet sample was 40 s with a sample consumption of ca. 13 nL. A good repeatability of 5.7% (RSD, n = 9) was obtained for 10(-6) M reserpine droplet analysis. The uses of the semi-closed 2D droplet array and off-line interfacing mode provide the system with the substantial flexibility and controllability in droplet indexing, multi-step manipulating, and on-demand sampling for MS analysis. We applied the present system in multi-step pretreatment and identification of small amounts of proteomic samples of myoglobin and cytochrome C, including in-droplet protein reduction, alkylation, digestion, and purification based on solid-phase extraction, matrix modification, sample droplet introduction under flow injection mode, and ESI-MS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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38
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Kandiah M, Urban PL. Advances in ultrasensitive mass spectrometry of organic molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5299-322. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35389c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Dupré M, Enjalbal C, Cantel S, Martinez J, Megouda N, Hadjersi T, Boukherroub R, Coffinier Y. Investigation of Silicon-Based Nanostructure Morphology and Chemical Termination on Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Performance. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10637-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3021104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Dupré
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS, Bâtiment Chimie (17), Université
Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex
5, France
| | - Christine Enjalbal
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS, Bâtiment Chimie (17), Université
Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex
5, France
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS, Bâtiment Chimie (17), Université
Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex
5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, CNRS, Bâtiment Chimie (17), Université
Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex
5, France
| | - Nacéra Megouda
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, USR CNRS 3078, Parc de la Haute
Borne, 50 avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d’Ascq,
France
- Unité de Développement de la Technologie du Silicium, 2 Bd. Frantz Fanon, B.P.
140 Alger-7 merveilles, Alger, Algérie
| | - Toufik Hadjersi
- Unité de Développement de la Technologie du Silicium, 2 Bd. Frantz Fanon, B.P.
140 Alger-7 merveilles, Alger, Algérie
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, USR CNRS 3078, Parc de la Haute
Borne, 50 avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d’Ascq,
France
| | - Yannick Coffinier
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, USR CNRS 3078, Parc de la Haute
Borne, 50 avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d’Ascq,
France
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40
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Dupré M, Cantel S, Durand JO, Martinez J, Enjalbal C. Silica nanoparticles pre-spotted onto target plate for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analyses of peptides. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 741:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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42
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Jebrail MJ, Bartsch MS, Patel KD. Digital microfluidics: a versatile tool for applications in chemistry, biology and medicine. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2452-63. [PMID: 22699371 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) has recently emerged as a popular technology for a wide range of applications. In DMF, nanoliter to microliter droplets containing samples and reagents can be manipulated to carry out a range of discrete fluidic operations simply by applying a series of electrical potentials to an array of patterned electrodes coated with a hydrophobic insulator. DMF is distinct from microchannel-based fluidics as it allows for precise control over multiple reagent phases (liquids and solids) in heterogeneous systems with no need for complex networks of connections, microvalves, or pumps. In this review, we discuss the most recent developments in this technology with particular attention to the potential benefits and outstanding challenges for applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais J Jebrail
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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43
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Perry G, Thomy V, Das MR, Coffinier Y, Boukherroub R. Inhibiting protein biofouling using graphene oxide in droplet-based microfluidic microsystems. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1601-4. [PMID: 22441546 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling or adsorption of biomolecules onto surfaces in microfluidic devices limits the type of samples which can be handled. In this paper, we take advantage of the high adsorption capacity of graphene oxide (GO) for proteins as a strategy to limit biofouling, while preserving their activity for droplet-based lab-on-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Perry
- IEMN, UMR CNRS 852, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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44
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Dupré M, Coffinier Y, Boukherroub R, Cantel S, Martinez J, Enjalbal C. Laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry of protein tryptic digests on nanostructured silicon plates. J Proteomics 2012; 75:1973-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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45
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Kovarik ML, Gach PC, Ornoff DM, Wang Y, Balowski J, Farrag L, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems for cell biology and biochemical assays. Anal Chem 2012; 84:516-40. [PMID: 21967743 PMCID: PMC3264799 DOI: 10.1021/ac202611x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Phillip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Joseph Balowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Lila Farrag
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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46
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Coffinier Y, Szunerits S, Drobecq H, Melnyk O, Boukherroub R. Diamond nanowires for highly sensitive matrix-free mass spectrometry analysis of small molecules. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:231-238. [PMID: 22080363 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11274k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the use of boron-doped diamond nanowires (BDD NWs) as an inorganic substrate for matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) analysis of small molecules. The diamond nanowires are prepared by reactive ion etching (RIE) with oxygen plasma of highly boron-doped (the boron level is 10(19) B cm(-3)) or undoped nanocrystalline diamond substrates. The resulting diamond nanowires are coated with a thin silicon oxide layer that confers a superhydrophilic character to the surface. To minimize droplet spreading, the nanowires were chemically functionalized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and then UV/ozone treated to reach a final water contact angle of 120°. The sub-bandgap absorption under UV laser irradiation and the heat confinement inside the nanowires allowed desorption/ionization, most likely via a thermal mechanism, and mass spectrometry analysis of small molecules. A detection limit of 200 zeptomole for verapamil was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Coffinier
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI-CNRS-3078), Université Lille1, Parc scientifique de la haute borne, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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47
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Egatz-Gomez A, Majithia R, Levert C, Meissner KE. Super-wetting, wafer-sized silicon nanowire surfaces with hierarchical roughness and low defects. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Coffinier Y, Nguyen N, Drobecq H, Melnyk O, Thomy V, Boukherroub R. Affinity surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for peptide enrichment. Analyst 2012; 137:5527-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35803d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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Seo J, Lee S, Lee J, Lee T. Guided transport of water droplets on superhydrophobic-hydrophilic patterned Si nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4722-4729. [PMID: 22091585 DOI: 10.1021/am2011756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a facile method to fabricate hydrophilic patterns in superhydrophobic Si nanowire (NW) arrays for guiding water droplets. The superhydrophobic Si NW arrays were obtained by simple dip-coating of dodecyltrichlorosilane (DTS). The water contact angles (CAs) of DTS-coated Si NW arrays drastically increased and saturated at the superhydrophobic regime (water CA ≥ 150°) as the lengths of NWs increased. The demonstrated superhydrophobic surfaces show an extreme water repellent property and small CA hysteresis of less than 7°, which enable the water droplets to easily roll off. The wettability of the DTS-coated Si NW arrays can be converted from superhydrophobic to hydrophilic via UV-enhanced photodecomposition of the DTS, and such wettability conversion was reproducible on the same surfaces by repeating the DTS coating and photodecomposition processes. The resulting water guiding tracks were successfully demonstrated via selective patterning of the hydrophilic region on superhydrophobic Si NW arrays, which could enable water droplets to move along defined trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmok Seo
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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50
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Jebrail MJ, Yang H, Mudrik JM, Lafrenière NM, McRoberts C, Al-Dirbashi OY, Fisher L, Chakraborty P, Wheeler AR. A digital microfluidic method for dried blood spot analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3218-3224. [PMID: 21869989 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20524b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Blood samples stored as dried blood spots (DBSs) are emerging as a useful sampling and storage vehicle for a wide range of applications. Unfortunately, the surging popularity of DBS samples has not yet been accompanied by an improvement in automated techniques for extraction and analysis. As a first step towards overcoming this challenge, we have developed a prototype microfluidic system for quantification of amino acids in dried blood spots, in which analytes are extracted, mixed with internal standards, derivatized, and reconstituted for analysis by (off-line and in-line) tandem mass spectrometry. The new method is fast, robust, precise, and most importantly, compatible with automation. We propose that the new method can potentially contribute to a new generation of analytical techniques for quantifying analytes in DBS samples for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais J Jebrail
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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