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Lakavath K, Kafley C, Sajeevan A, Jana S, Marty JL, Kotagiri YG. Progress on Electrochemical Biomimetic Nanosensors for the Detection and Monitoring of Mycotoxins and Pesticides. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:244. [PMID: 38922139 PMCID: PMC11209398 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring agricultural toxins such as mycotoxins is crucial for a healthy society. High concentrations of these toxins lead to the cause of several chronic diseases; therefore, developing analytical systems for detecting/monitoring agricultural toxins is essential. These toxins are found in crops such as vegetables, fruits, food, and beverage products. Currently, screening of these toxins is mostly performed with sophisticated instrumentation such as chromatography and spectroscopy techniques. However, these techniques are very expensive and require extensive maintenance, and their availability is limited to metro cities only. Alternatively, electrochemical biomimetic sensing methodologies have progressed hugely during the last decade due to their unique advantages like point-of-care sensing, miniaturized instrumentations, and mobile/personalized monitoring systems. Specifically, affinity-based sensing strategies including immunosensors, aptasensors, and molecular imprinted polymers offer tremendous sensitivity, selectivity, and stability to the sensing system. The current review discusses the principal mechanisms and the recent developments in affinity-based sensing methodologies for the detection and continuous monitoring of mycotoxins and pesticides. The core discussion has mainly focused on the fabrication protocols, advantages, and disadvantages of affinity-based sensing systems and different exploited electrochemical transduction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Lakavath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Chandan Kafley
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Anjana Sajeevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Soumyajit Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- BAE Laboratory, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Yugender Goud Kotagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 557, Kerala, India; (K.L.); (C.K.); (A.S.); (S.J.)
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2
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S A, V S D, More P, Pujala RK, Dhara S. Electrophoretic propulsion of matchstick-shaped magnetodielectric particles in the presence of external magnetic fields in a nematic liquid crystal. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:535-545. [PMID: 38126395 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01382k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of micro- and nanoparticles of pre-designed shape and surface properties is an integral part of soft and synthetic active matter. We report synthesis of matchstick-shaped (MS) magnetodielectric particles and demonstrate their potential as active agents with field-controllable trajectories in a nematic liquid crystal (NLC). The MS particles with homeotropic anchoring in NLCs align either parallel or perpendicular to the director depending on the dipolar or quadrupolar director distortions. When subjected to transverse electric and magnetic fields, the particles experience electric and magnetic torques trying to align them in the respective field directions. At equilibrium, the long axis is tilted at an angle with respect to the director. The change in orientation alters the surrounding elastic distortion, which results in unbalanced electroosmotic flows. These flows provide the necessary impetus for propelling the particles in various directions with different velocities depending on their orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana S
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
| | - Devika V S
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
| | - Prasanna More
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Pujala
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Surajit Dhara
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
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3
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Chettri P, Ganesh KM, Mahapatra SS, Vishwanathan AS, Srivastava S. A low-cost optofluidic platform for the colorimetric assessment of bacterial activity in domestic wastewater. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6031-6039. [PMID: 37916527 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01612a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic chips represent a cost-effective platform for the development of miniaturized devices to perform biochemical reactions at a microscale. The dye reduction-based electron-transfer activity monitoring (DREAM) assay is a colorimetric approach that has been adopted for the rapid assessment of bacterial activity in bioreactors used in bioremediation and industrial biotechnology. A three-layered PMMA-based optofluidic chip having laser-machined microchannels coupled with a detection system comprising an LED source and a photodiode interfaced with a microcontroller for automation constituted the experimental setup. Data acquisition was executed using a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) that enabled real-time monitoring of bacterial activity. A performance comparison study was performed to assess the viability of replacing expensive spectrophotometers with an inexpensive photodiode for optoelectronic automation. Bacterial activity across different growth phases of a bacterial culture, initiated using untreated domestic wastewater, was assessed by the detector on the basis of voltage readings corresponding to the rate of decrease in the blue color intensity. The highest activity observed corresponded to the log phase of the growth curve. The optimal time for measurement of bacterial activity within the log phase of the growth curve was identified using different dilutions of untreated domestic wastewater. Furthermore, the device showed comparable sensitivities for samples from different time points in a bacterial growth curve and for different dilutions of untreated domestic wastewater samples. The device also demonstrated a linear response in the assessment of bacterial activity as a function of the change in strength of untreated domestic wastewater. This is the first report on colorimetric assessment of bacterial activity using a low-cost photodiode-based device at the microscale constructed using off-the-shelf components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajal Chettri
- FEMTO FabULLAS, CRIF, Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India.
| | - Kalathur Mohan Ganesh
- STAR Laboratory, CRIF, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India
| | - Sahashransu Satyajeet Mahapatra
- WATER Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India
| | - A S Vishwanathan
- WATER Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India
| | - Shailesh Srivastava
- FEMTO FabULLAS, CRIF, Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India.
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4
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Wan YZ, Qian W. From Self-Assembly of Colloidal Crystals toward Ordered Porous Layer Interferometry. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:730. [PMID: 37504128 PMCID: PMC10377590 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Interferometry-based, reflectometric, label-free biosensors have made significant progress in the analysis of molecular interactions after years of development. The design of interference substrates is a key research topic for these biosensors, and many studies have focused on porous films prepared by top-down methods such as porous silicon and anodic aluminum oxide. Lately, more research has been conducted on ordered porous layer interferometry (OPLI), which uses ordered porous colloidal crystal films as interference substrates. These films are made using self-assembly techniques, which is the bottom-up approach. They also offer several advantages for biosensing applications, such as budget cost, adjustable porosity, and high structural consistency. This review will briefly explain the fundamental components of self-assembled materials and thoroughly discuss various self-assembly techniques in depth. We will also summarize the latest studies that used the OPLI technique for label-free biosensing applications and divide them into several aspects for further discussion. Then, we will comprehensively evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of self-assembly techniques and discuss possible future research directions. Finally, we will outlook the upcoming challenges and opportunities for label-free biosensing using the OPLI technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- OPLI (Suzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., New District, Suzhou 215163, China
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5
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Desire CT, Arrua RD, Strudwick XL, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ, Hilder EF. The development of microfluidic-based western blotting: Technical advances and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463813. [PMID: 36709548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades significant technical advancement in the field of western blotting has been made possible through the utilization of microfluidic technologies. In this review we provide a critical overview of these advancements, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Particular attention is paid to the development of now commercially available systems, including those for single cell analysis. This review also discusses more recent developments, including algorithms for automation and/or improved quantitation, the utilization of different materials/chemistries, use of projection electrophoresis, and the development of triBlots. Finally, the review includes commentary on future advances in the field based on current developments, and the potential of these systems for use as point-of-care devices in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Desire
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - R Dario Arrua
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Emily F Hilder
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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6
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Ma SC, Gupta R, Ondevilla NAP, Barman K, Lee LY, Chang HC, Huang JJ. Voltage-modulated surface plasmon resonance biosensors integrated with gold nanohole arrays. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:182-193. [PMID: 36698656 PMCID: PMC9842002 DOI: 10.1364/boe.478164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has emerged as one of the most efficient and attractive techniques for optical sensors in biological applications. The traditional approach of an EC (electrochemical)-SPR biosensor to generate SPR is by adopting a prism underneath the sensing substrate, and an angular scan is performed to characterize the reflectivity of target analytes. In this paper, we designed and investigated a novel optical biosensor based on a hybrid plasmonic and electrochemical phenomenon. The SPR was generated from a thin layer of gold nanohole array on a glass substrate. Using C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as the target analyte, we tested our device for different concentrations and observed the optical response under various voltage bias conditions. We observed that SPR response is concentration-dependent and can be modulated by varying DC voltages or AC bias frequencies. For CRP concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 µg/mL, at the applied voltage of -600 mV, we obtained a limit of detection for this device of 16.5 ng/mL at the resonance peak wavelength of 690 nm. The phenomenon is due to spatial re-distribution of electron concentration at the metal-solution interface. The results suggest that CRP concentration can be determined from the SPR peak wavelength shift by scanning the voltages. The proposed new sensor structure is permissible for various future optoelectronic integration for plasmonic and electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syu-Cing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Contributed equally
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Contributed equally
| | | | - Kuntal Barman
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chang Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Zaitsev BD, Borodina IA, Teplykh AA. Compact liquid analyzer based on a resonator with a lateral excitation electric field. ULTRASONICS 2022; 126:106814. [PMID: 35914379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A compact hardware-software complex for measuring the electrical and mechanical parameters of a liquid based on a piezoelectric resonator with a lateral exciting electric field has been developed. It is shown that the modulus of the electrical impedance of the resonator near the resonant frequency decreases monotonically with an increase in conductivity of the contacting liquid. The obtained dependences can be used as calibration curves for measuring conductivity in the range of 100-10,000 μS/cm. A method for the simultaneous determination of the modulus of elasticity, viscosity, and permittivity of a liquid using the electromechanical equivalent scheme was developed and tested on a mixture "water - glycerol" with the different glycerol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Zaitsev
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia.
| | - I A Borodina
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
| | - A A Teplykh
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov Branch, Saratov 410019, Russia
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8
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Sensors Based on the Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors for Chemical and Biological Analyses. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100776. [PMID: 36290914 PMCID: PMC9599861 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nano biochemical sensors play an important role in detecting the biomarkers related to human diseases, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become an important factor in promoting the vigorous development of this field due to their special structure and excellent electronic properties. This paper focuses on applying carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT-FET) biochemical sensors to detect biomarkers. Firstly, the preparation method, physical and electronic properties and functional modification of CNTs are introduced. Then, the configuration and sensing mechanism of CNT-FETs are introduced. Finally, the latest progress in detecting nucleic acids, proteins, cells, gases and ions based on CNT-FET sensors is summarized.
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9
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Zhang F, Mo M, Jiang J, Zhou X, McBride M, Yang Y, Reilly KS, Grys TE, Haydel SE, Tao N, Wang S. Rapid Detection of Urinary Tract Infection in 10 min by Tracking Multiple Phenotypic Features in a 30 s Large-Volume Scattering Video of Urine Microscopy. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2262-2272. [PMID: 35930733 PMCID: PMC9465977 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of bacterial infection diseases provides clinical benefits of prompt initiation of antimicrobial therapy and reduction of the overuse/misuse of unnecessary antibiotics for nonbacterial infections. We present here a POC compatible method for rapid bacterial infection detection in 10 min. We use a large-volume solution scattering imaging (LVSi) system with low magnifications (1-2×) to visualize bacteria in clinical samples, thus eliminating the need for culture-based isolation and enrichment. We tracked multiple intrinsic phenotypic features of individual cells in a short video. By clustering these features with a simple machine learning algorithm, we can differentiate Escherichia coli from similar-sized polystyrene beads, distinguish bacteria with different shapes, and distinguish E. coli from urine particles. We applied the method to detect urinary tract infections in 104 patient urine samples with a 30 s LVSi video, and the results showed 92.3% accuracy compared with the clinical culture results. This technology provides opportunities for rapid bacterial infection diagnosis at POC settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenni Zhang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Manni Mo
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jiapei Jiang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Michelle McBride
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Yunze Yang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Kenta S. Reilly
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Thomas E. Grys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Shelley E. Haydel
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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10
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New Label-Free Biosensing for the Evaluation of the AX-024 Inhibitor: Case Study for the Development of New Drugs in Autoimmune Diseases. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031218. [PMID: 35161965 PMCID: PMC8839007 DOI: 10.3390/s22031218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new label-free assay to evaluate the inhibition capacity of AX-024 by means of a new Point-of-Care (PoC) device for application in the development of new drugs in autoimmune diseases. The technology of PoC is based on interferometric optical detection method (IODM). For this purpose, we have optimized and developed an assay protocol whereby a Glutathione S-Transferase modified protein (GST-SH3.1), which contains a functional domain of a protein involved in T-cell activation, together with the AX-024 inhibitor has been studied. The chips used are a sensing surface based on nitrocellulose. We used streptavidin and a biotinylated peptide as links for the immobilization process on the sensing surface. The biotinylated peptide and AX-024 inhibitor compete for the same functional group of the GST-SH3.1 modified protein. When the inhibitor binds its binding site on GST-SH3.1, the biotinylated peptide cannot bind to its pocket on the protein. This competition reduces the total molecular mass of protein fixed onto the biosensor. In order to quantify the inhibition capacity of AX-024, several Ax-024:GST-SH3.1 ratios have been studied. We have compared the read-out signal for GST-SH3.1 protein not interfered by the drug, which served as a positive blank, and the response of the GST-SH3.1 modified protein blocked by the inhibitor. The technology has been correlated with confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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11
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Idili A, Montón H, Medina-Sánchez M, Ibarlucea B, Cuniberti G, Schmidt OG, Plaxco KW, Parolo C. Continuous monitoring of molecular biomarkers in microfluidic devices. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:295-333. [PMID: 35094779 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to monitor molecular targets is crucial in fields ranging from healthcare to industrial processing to environmental protection. Devices employing biomolecules to achieve this goal are called biosensors. Over the last half century researchers have developed dozens of different biosensor approaches. In this chapter we analyze recent advances in the biosensing field aiming at adapting these to the problem of continuous molecular monitoring in complex sample streams, and how the merging of these sensors with lab-on-a-chip technologies would be beneficial to both. To do so we discuss (1) the components that comprise a biosensor, (2) the challenges associated with continuous molecular monitoring in complex sample streams, (3) how different sensing strategies deal with (or fail to deal with) these challenges, and (4) the implementation of these technologies into lab-on-a-chip architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Idili
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Montón
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | | | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz, Germany; School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular Science and Engineering University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Peri SSS, Raza MU, Sabnani MK, Ghaffari S, Gimlin S, Wawro DD, Lee JS, Kim MJ, Weidanz J, Alexandrakis G. Self-Induced Back-Action Actuated Nanopore Electrophoresis (SANE) Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Cancer Immunotherapy-Relevant Antibody-Ligand Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:343-376. [PMID: 35094337 PMCID: PMC9207820 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a novel single molecule nanosensor by integrating a solid-state nanopore and a double nanohole nanoaperture. The nanosensor employs Self-Induced Back-Action (SIBA) for optical trapping and enables SIBA-Actuated Nanopore Electrophoresis (SANE) for concurrent acquisition of bimodal optical and electrical signatures of molecular interactions. This work describes how to fabricate and use the SANE sensor to quantify antibody-ligand interactions. We describe how to analyze the bimodal optical-electrical data to improve upon the discrimination of antibody and ligand versus bound complex compared to electrical measurements alone. Example results for specific interaction detection are described for T-cell receptor-like antibodies (TCRmAbs) engineered to target peptide-presenting Major Histocompatibility Complex (pMHC) ligands, representing a model of target ligands presented on the surface of cancer cells. We also describe how to analyze the bimodal optical-electrical data to discriminate between specific and non-specific interactions between antibodies and ligands. Example results for non-specific interactions are shown for cancer-irrelevant TCRmAbs targeting the same pMHCs, as a control. These example results demonstrate the utility of the SANE sensor as a potential screening tool for ligand targets in cancer immunotherapy, though we believe that its potential uses are much broader.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Usman Raza
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Manoj K Sabnani
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Soroush Ghaffari
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Debra D Wawro
- Resonant Sensors Incorporated (RSI), Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jung Soo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jon Weidanz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - George Alexandrakis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
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13
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Mansoor S, Rahouti A, Riaz S, Badea M, Hayat A. DNA-templated electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles for direct and label-free aptasensing of ochratoxin A. Anal Biochem 2021; 639:114540. [PMID: 34958751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We present in this work, an aptasensing strategy based on the DNA-templated electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The homogeneous electro-deposition of AgNPs on screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surface was achieved based on a unique aptamer scaffold. This was constructed by immobilizing a DNA aptamer on SPCE by electrochemical oxidation of its amine groups. The electrodeposition of AgNPs was investigated before and after the addition of the aptamer's specific target; the mycotoxin, ochratoxin A (OTA). Electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed the effect of the scaffold layer on the electrodeposition of AgNPs. The conformational change induced by aptamer after binding its targeted molecule affects AgNPs electrodeposition and the electron transfer thus allowing OTA detection by cyclic voltammetry. The voltammograms showed a good proportionality between the analyte concentration and the current response. The constructed platform allowed the quantitative aptasensing of OTA within the range of (1.56-400 ng/mL) and the detection limit of 0.6 ng/mL. In term of aptasensor applicability, the proposed strategy showed excellent performance in rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemal Mansoor
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Amina Rahouti
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Higher National School of Biotechnology, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Sara Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan.
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14
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Pereira PF, de Sousa Picciani PH, Calado V, Tonon RV. Electrical gas sensors for meat freshness assessment and quality monitoring: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Usha SP, Manoharan H, Deshmukh R, Álvarez-Diduk R, Calucho E, Sai VVR, Merkoçi A. Attomolar analyte sensing techniques (AttoSens): a review on a decade of progress on chemical and biosensing nanoplatforms. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13012-13089. [PMID: 34673860 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Detecting the ultra-low abundance of analytes in real-life samples, such as biological fluids, water, soil, and food, requires the design and development of high-performance biosensing modalities. The breakthrough efforts from the scientific community have led to the realization of sensing technologies that measure the analyte's ultra-trace level, with relevant sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and sampling efficiency, referred to as Attomolar Analyte Sensing Techniques (AttoSens) in this review. In an AttoSens platform, 1 aM detection corresponds to the quantification of 60 target analyte molecules in 100 μL of sample volume. Herein, we review the approaches listed for various sensor probe design, and their sensing strategies that paved the way for the detection of attomolar (aM: 10-18 M) concentration of analytes. A summary of the technological advances made by the diverse AttoSens trends from the past decade is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Prasood Usha
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), India.
| | - Hariharan Manoharan
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), India.
| | - Rehan Deshmukh
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), India.
| | - Ruslan Álvarez-Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Enric Calucho
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - V V R Sai
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), India.
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recercai Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Scholtz A, Ramoji A, Silge A, Jansson JR, de Moura IG, Popp J, Sram JP, Armani AM. COVID-19 Diagnostics: Past, Present, and Future. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:2827-2838. [PMID: 37556281 PMCID: PMC8482784 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In winter of 2020, SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a global threat, impacting not only health but also financial and political stability. To address the societal need for monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2, many existing diagnostic technologies were quickly adapted to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antigens as well as the immune response, and new testing strategies were developed to accelerate time-to-decision. In parallel, the infusion of research support accelerated the development of new spectroscopic methods. While these methods have significantly reduced the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on society when coupled with behavioral changes, they also lay the groundwork for a new generation of platform technologies. With several epidemics on the horizon, such as the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the ability to quickly pivot the target pathogen of this diagnostic toolset will continue to have an impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Scholtz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
90089, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and
Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena,
Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
(IPHT) Jena, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health
Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Silge
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and
Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena,
Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
(IPHT) Jena, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health
Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus
Jena, Centre of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena,
Germany
| | - Jakob R. Jansson
- Fulgent Genetics, Temple
City, California 91780, United States of America
| | - Ian G. de Moura
- Fulgent Genetics, Temple
City, California 91780, United States of America
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and
Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena,
Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
(IPHT) Jena, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health
Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus
Jena, Centre of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena,
Germany
| | - Jakub P. Sram
- Fulgent Genetics, Temple
City, California 91780, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Armani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
90089, United States of America
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
90089, United States of America
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17
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Asghari A, Wang C, Yoo KM, Rostamian A, Xu X, Shin JD, Dalir H, Chen RT. Fast, accurate, point-of-care COVID-19 pandemic diagnosis enabled through advanced lab-on-chip optical biosensors: Opportunities and challenges. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:031313. [PMID: 34552683 PMCID: PMC8427516 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sudden rise of the worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in early 2020 has called into drastic action measures to perform instant detection and reduce the rate of spread. Common clinical and nonclinical diagnostic testing methods have been partially effective in satisfying the increasing demand for fast detection point-of-care (POC) methods to slow down further spread. However, accurate point-of-risk diagnosis of this emerging viral infection is paramount as the need for simultaneous standard operating procedures and symptom management of SARS-CoV-2 will be the norm for years to come. A sensitive, cost-effective biosensor with mass production capability is crucial until a universal vaccination becomes available. Optical biosensors can provide a noninvasive, extremely sensitive rapid detection platform with sensitivity down to ∼67 fg/ml (1 fM) concentration in a few minutes. These biosensors can be manufactured on a mass scale (millions) to detect the COVID-19 viral load in nasal, saliva, urine, and serological samples, even if the infected person is asymptotic. Methods investigated here are the most advanced available platforms for biosensing optical devices that have resulted from the integration of state-of-the-art designs and materials. These approaches include, but are not limited to, integrated optical devices, plasmonic resonance, and emerging nanomaterial biosensors. The lab-on-chip platforms examined here are suitable not only for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection but also for other contagious virions such as influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Asghari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Kyoung Min Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Ali Rostamian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Xu
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Jong-Dug Shin
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Hamed Dalir
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Ray T. Chen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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18
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Recent Advancements in Aptamer-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing Strategies. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11070233. [PMID: 34356703 PMCID: PMC8301862 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can track molecular interactions in real time, and is a powerful as well as widely used biological and chemical sensing technique. Among the different SPR-based sensing applications, aptamer-based SPR biosensors have attracted significant attention because of their simplicity, feasibility, and low cost for target detection. Continuous developments in SPR aptasensing research have led to the emergence of abundant technical and design concepts. To understand the recent advances in SPR for biosensing, this paper reviews SPR-based research from the last seven years based on different sensing-type strategies and sub-directions. The characteristics of various SPR-based applications are introduced. We hope that this review will guide the development of SPR aptamer sensors for healthcare.
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19
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Liu X, Wu W, Cui D, Chen X, Li W. Functional Micro-/Nanomaterials for Multiplexed Biodetection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004734. [PMID: 34137090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When analyzing biological phenomena and processes, multiplexed biodetection has many advantages over single-factor biodetection and is highly relevant to both human health issues and advancements in the life sciences. However, many key problems with current multiplexed biodetection strategies remain unresolved. Herein, the main issues are analyzed and summarized: 1) generating sufficient signal to label targets, 2) improving the signal-to-noise ratio to ensure total detection sensitivity, and 3) simplifying the detection process to reduce the time and labor costs of multiple target detection. Then, available solutions made possible by designing and controlling the properties of micro- and nanomaterials are introduced. The aim is to emphasize the role that micro-/nanomaterials can play in the improvement of multiplexed biodetection strategies. Through analyzing existing problems, introducing state-of-the-art developments regarding relevant materials, and discussing future directions of the field, it is hopeful to help promote necessary developments in multiplexed biodetection and associated scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Wu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Wanwan Li
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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20
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Mottin D, Razan F, Nogues C, Jullien MC. Out-of-Equilibrium Measurements of Kinetic Constants on a Biosensor. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7266-7274. [PMID: 33960190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conventional measurements of kinetic constants currently in use are performed at equilibrium and may require large volumes, especially at a low association rate constant kon. If the measurements are made out of equilibrium, the values obtained may be biased by dilution of the sample with the flow of the running buffer. In some applications, the available sample volume can be very critical and requires the development of tools to measure kinetic constants with low volumes. In this paper, by combining an experimental, numerical and modeling approach, we propose a surface plasmon resonance-based method that relies on an out-of-equilibrium measurement using the effect of dilution by flow to its advantage. This new method should have a significant impact in biochemistry and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatien Mottin
- Université Rennes 1, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France.,ENS Rennes, SATIE, UMR-CNRS 8029, Campus de Ker Lann, F-35170 Bruz, France
| | - Florence Razan
- ENS Rennes, SATIE, UMR-CNRS 8029, Campus de Ker Lann, F-35170 Bruz, France
| | - Claude Nogues
- ENS Paris-Saclay, LBPA UMR-CNRS 8113, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Jullien
- Université Rennes 1, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
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21
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Oevreeide IH, Zoellner A, Stokke BT. Characterization of Mixing Performance Induced by Double Curved Passive Mixing Structures in Microfluidic Channels. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050556. [PMID: 34068289 PMCID: PMC8153322 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized sensor surfaces combined with microfluidic channels are becoming increasingly important in realizing efficient biosensing devices applicable to small sample volumes. Relaxing the limitations imposed by laminar flow of the microfluidic channels by passive mixing structures to enhance analyte mass transfer to the sensing area will further improve the performance of these devices. In this paper, we characterize the flow performance in a group of microfluidic flow channels with novel double curved passive mixing structures (DCMS) fabricated in the ceiling. The experimental strategy includes confocal imaging to monitor the stationary flow patterns downstream from the inlet where a fluorophore is included in one of the inlets in a Y-channel microfluidic device. Analyses of the fluorescence pattern projected both along the channel and transverse to the flow direction monitored details in the developing homogenization. The mixing index (MI) as a function of the channel length was found to be well accounted for by a double-exponential equilibration process, where the different parameters of the DCMS were found to affect the extent and length of the initial mixing component. The range of MI for a 1 cm channel length for the DCMS was 0.75–0.98, which is a range of MI comparable to micromixers with herringbone structures. Overall, this indicates that the DCMS is a high performing passive micromixer, but the sensitivity to geometric parameter values calls for the selection of certain values for the most efficient mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H. Oevreeide
- Division of Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | | | - Bjørn T. Stokke
- Division of Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
- Correspondence:
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22
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da Silva J, Salameh E, Ötügen MV, Fourguette D. Sensors based on evanescent field perturbation of microresonators. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:1434-1439. [PMID: 33690588 DOI: 10.1364/ao.417187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We consider a whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensor where a dielectric perturber extends into the evanescent tail of the microresonator. The position of the perturber rather than the morphology of the resonator is modified by a change in the measured property, inducing a shift in the WGM. This approach can be used for both three-dimensional (spheres, toroids) and planar (disks, rings) resonator geometries. We demonstrate, through analysis and experiments, the feasibility of this sensor approach for both geometries by using a sphere resonator and an on-chip ring resonator. Experiments show that the motion of the perturber across the evanescent tail on the resonator's outer surface leads to a measurable shift in the resonator WGM. In the latter experiment, a ferromagnetic structure is attached to the perturber stem so that the system acts as a magnetic field detector. The results show a consistent relationship between the mode shift and the magnetic field strength.
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23
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Claudinon J, Steltenkamp S, Fink M, Sych T, Verreman B, Römer W, Madec M. A Label-Free Optical Detection of Pathogens in Isopropanol as a First Step towards Real-Time Infection Prevention. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 11:bios11010002. [PMID: 33374711 PMCID: PMC7822415 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The detection of pathogens is a major public health issue. Every year, thousands of people die because of nosocomial infections. It is therefore important to be able to detect possible outbreaks as early as possible, especially in the hospital environment. Various pathogen detection techniques have already been demonstrated. However, most of them require expensive and specific equipment, and/or complex protocols, which, most of the time, involve biochemical reaction and labelling steps. In this paper, a new method that combines microscopic imaging and machine learning is described. The main benefits of this approach are to be low-cost, label-free and easy to integrate in any suitable medical device, such as hand hygiene dispensers. The suitability of this pathogen detection method is validated using four bacteria, both in PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) and in isopropanol. In particular, we demonstrated an efficient pathogenic detection that is sensible to changes in the composition of a mixture of pathogens, even in alcohol-based solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Claudinon
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (J.C.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (W.R.)
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Siegfried Steltenkamp
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
- Ophardt Hygiene-Technik GmbH + Co. KG, 47661 Issum, Germany;
| | - Manuel Fink
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (J.C.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (W.R.)
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Taras Sych
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (J.C.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (W.R.)
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Benoît Verreman
- Ophardt Hygiene-Technik GmbH + Co. KG, 47661 Issum, Germany;
- Telecom Physique Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (J.C.); (M.F.); (T.S.); (W.R.)
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Morgan Madec
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
- Telecom Physique Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- ICube Laboratory (UMR 7357), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-686779823
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24
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Mere V, Dash A, Kallega R, Pratap R, Naik A, Selvaraja SK. On-chip silicon photonics based grating assisted vibration sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27495-27505. [PMID: 32988042 DOI: 10.1364/oe.394393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact, highly sensitive and scalable on-chip photonic vibration measurement scheme for vibration sensing. The scheme uses a silicon photonic diffraction-grating based sensor integrated underneath a silicon cantilever. We demonstrate a static and dynamic measurement sensitivity (ΔT/Δgap) of 0.6 % change in intensity per nm displacement. The electrostatically driven dynamic response measurement of the grating based sensor shows an excellent agreement with commercial Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) measurement. We demonstrate the thermo-mechanical noise measurement on the cantilever in ambience, which is verified using LDV. A minimum displacement of 1.9 pm is measured with a displacement sensitivity of 10 μW/nm for a measurement bandwidth of 16 Hz. The demonstrated sensitivity is 2 orders of magnitude better than that obtained from measurements of static displacement. We also present a detailed 2D-FDTD simulation and optimization of the grating-based sensor to achieve maximum displacement sensitivity.
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25
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Soler M, Scholtz A, Zeto R, Armani AM. Engineering photonics solutions for COVID-19. APL PHOTONICS 2020; 5:090901. [PMID: 33015361 PMCID: PMC7523711 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As the impact of COVID-19 on society became apparent, the engineering and scientific community recognized the need for innovative solutions. Two potential roadmaps emerged: developing short-term solutions to address the immediate needs of the healthcare communities and developing mid/long-term solutions to eliminate the over-arching threat. However, in a truly global effort, researchers from all backgrounds came together in tackling this challenge. Short-term efforts have focused on re-purposing existing technologies and leveraging additive manufacturing techniques to address shortages in personal protective equipment and disinfection. More basic research efforts with mid-term and long-term impact have emphasized developing novel diagnostics and accelerating vaccines. As a foundational technology, photonics has contributed directly and indirectly to all efforts. This perspective will provide an overview of the critical role that the photonics field has played in efforts to combat the immediate COVID-19 pandemic as well as how the photonics community could anticipate contributing to future pandemics of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soler
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications
Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST
and CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexis Scholtz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089,
USA
| | - Rene Zeto
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
California 90089, USA
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26
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Su Q, Xu P, Zhou L, Wu F, Dong A, Wan Y, Qian W. Real-Time and Label-Free Monitoring of Biomolecular Interactions within Complex Biological Media Using a Silica Colloidal Crystal Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35950-35957. [PMID: 32693572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A method capable of real-time and label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions within whole blood, without any sample separation and label process, is described. This was accomplished using silica colloidal crystal (SCC) films, three-dimensionally ordered silica particle arrays whose interference effect is a function of their optical thickness, as interference-sensitive substrates. Interactions between immunoglobulin G (IgG) and protein A from Staphylococcus aureus (SPA) conjugates with changes in the optical thickness of SCC films were monitored spectroscopically. Successful detection of IgG was achieved in the buffer and whole blood. This system constitutes a simple label-free analysis showing great potential in monitoring interactions between biomolecules in complex biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lele Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yizhen Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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27
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Islam MF, Yap YC, Li F, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. The influence of electrolyte concentration on nanofractures fabricated in a 3D-printed microfluidic device by controlled dielectric breakdown. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2007-2014. [PMID: 32776330 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional-printed microfluidic device made of a thermoplastic material was used to study the creation of molecular filters by controlled dielectric breakdown. The device was made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by a fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printer and consisted of two V-shaped sample compartments separated by 750 µm of extruded plastic gap. Nanofractures were formed in the thin piece of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by controlled dielectric breakdown by application voltage of 15-20 kV with the voltage terminated when reaching a defined current threshold. Variation of the size of the nanofractures was achieved by both variation of the current threshold and by variation of the ionic strength of the electrolyte used for breakdown. Electrophoretic transport of two proteins, R-phycoerythrin (RPE; <10 nm in size) and fluorescamine-labeled BSA (f-BSA; 2-4 nm), was used to monitor the size and transport properties of the nanofractures. Using 1 mM phosphate buffer, both RPE and f-BSA passed through the nanofractures when the current threshold was set to 25 µA. However, when the threshold was lowered to 10 µA or lower, RPE was restricted from moving through the nanofractures. When we increased the electrolyte concentration during breakdown from 1 to 10 mM phosphate buffer, BSA passed but RPE was blocked when the threshold was equal to, or lower than, 25 µA. This demonstrates that nanofracture size (pore area) is directly related to the breakdown current threshold but inversely related to the concentration of the electrolyte used for the breakdown process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fokhrul Islam
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yiing C Yap
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Science, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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Zhao B, Liu N, Chen L, Geng S, Fan Z, Xing J. Direct label-free methods for identification of target proteins in agrochemicals. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1475-1483. [PMID: 32763403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Green agrochemicals are important guarantee for food production and security, and target protein identification is the most important basis for development of novel agrochemicals. Affinity chromatography methods for immobilization of agrochemicals have been widely used to identify and confirm new targets. However, this method often requires modification of the active molecules which can affect or damage its biological activity, and biomacromolecules, particularly most natural products, are hard to be modified either. In order to overcome the shortcomings of molecular modification, label-free technology has been developed based on evaluating responses to thermal or proteolytic treatments. Combined with the chemical biology technology and molecular biology technology, it has been used in the development of drugs and agrochemicals. Herein, common methods of label-free technology for identification of direct target of agrochemicals are reviewed, including the principle, advantages, limitations and applications in the research of agrochemicals in the last decade. And the methods for validation of candidate targets obtained by the label-free methods are also reviewed, which are important to obtain the accurate and reliable targets. Combined application of these methods will greatly reduce the experimental costs and shorten the period for the new target identification and validation by improving its accuracy, which will provide a systematic solution for new ecological agrochemicals research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Lai Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Shuo Geng
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Jihong Xing
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China.
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29
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He J, Kovach A, Chen D, Saris PJG, Yu R, Armani AM. All-optical reversible control of integrated resonant cavity by a self-assembled azobenzene monolayer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:22462-22477. [PMID: 32752506 DOI: 10.1364/oe.397776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The next frontier in photonics will rely on the synergistic combination of disparate material systems. One unique organic molecule is azobenzene. This molecule can reversibly change conformations when optically excited in the blue (trans-to-cis) or mid-IR (cis-to-trans). Here, we form an oriented monolayer of azobenzene-containing 4-(4-diethylaminophenylazo)pyridine (Aazo) on SiO2 optical resonators. Due to the uniformity of the Aazo layers, quality factors over 106 are achieved. To control the photo-response, the density of Aazo groups is tuned by integrating methyl spacer molecules. Using a pair of lasers, the molecule is reversibly flipped between molecular conformations, inducing a refractive index change which results in a resonant wavelength shift. The magnitude of the shift scales with the relative surface density of Aazo. To investigate reproducibility and stability of the organic monolayer, three switching cycles are demonstrated, and the performance is consistent even after a device is stored in air for 6 months.
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He S, Yuan Y, Nag A, Feng S, Afsarimanesh N, Han T, Mukhopadhyay SC, Organ DR. A Review on the Use of Impedimetric Sensors for the Inspection of Food Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5220. [PMID: 32698330 PMCID: PMC7400391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper exhibits a thorough review of the use of impedimetric sensors for the analysis of food quality. It helps to understand the contribution of some of the major types of impedimetric sensors that are used for this application. The deployment of impedimetric sensing prototypes has been advantageous due to their wide linear range of responses, detection of the target analyte at low concentrations, good stability, high accuracy and high reproducibility in the results. The choice of these sensors was classified on the basis of structure and the conductive material used to develop them. The first category included the use of nanomaterials such as graphene and metallic nanowires used to form the sensing devices. Different forms of graphene nanoparticles, such as nano-hybrids, nanosheets, and nano-powders, have been largely used to sense biomolecules in the micro-molar range. The use of conductive materials such as gold, copper, tungsten and tin to develop nanowire-based prototypes for the inspection of food quality has also been shown. The second category was based on conventional electromechanical circuits such as electronic noses and other smart systems. Within this sector, the standardized systems, such as electronic noses, and LC circuit -based systems have been explained. Finally, some of the challenges posed by the existing sensors have been listed out, along with an estimate of the increase in the number of sensors employed to assess food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Flinders Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Anindya Nag
- DGUT-CNAM Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523000, China; (N.A.); (T.H.)
| | - Shilun Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nasrin Afsarimanesh
- DGUT-CNAM Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523000, China; (N.A.); (T.H.)
| | - Tao Han
- DGUT-CNAM Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523000, China; (N.A.); (T.H.)
| | | | - Dominic Rowan Organ
- Department of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh SC000278, UK;
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Huseyinoglu E, Özgür E, Bakan G, Ortaç B, Dana A. Permanent tuning of optical resonant modes of chalcogenide-coated microresonators. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:4814-4820. [PMID: 32543474 DOI: 10.1364/ao.392924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide materials are promising for optical resonant mode tuning of whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators due to their high nonlinearity. In this study, this phenomenon was demonstrated for Ge2Sb2Te5-coated toroidal microresonators using an optical postprocess, which utilizes the intrinsically photosensitive property of the Ge2Sb2Te5 coating. A signal laser was used to illuminate the resonator for permanent tuning of the WGMs in a sensitive manner. 0.01 nm and 0.02 nm permanent tuning of the WGMs was recorded for 5 nm and 10 nm coated resonators, respectively. This technique enables resonance matching of coupled optical resonators, which could pave the way for optoelectronic circuitries employing multiple optical microresonators.
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Berneschi S, Bettazzi F, Giannetti A, Baldini F, Nunzi Conti G, Pelli S, Palchetti I. Optical whispering gallery mode resonators for label-free detection of water contaminants. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang S, Dong N, Kang W, Li K, Nie Z. Titanium Carbide MXenes Mediated In Situ Reduction Allows Label-Free and Visualized Nanoplasmonic Sensing of Silver Ions. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4623-4629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Bello V, Simoni A, Merlo S. Spectral Phase Shift Interferometry for Refractive Index Monitoring in Micro-Capillaries. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20041043. [PMID: 32075175 PMCID: PMC7070839 DOI: 10.3390/s20041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate spectral phase-shift interferometry operating in the near-infrared wavelength range for refractive index (RI) monitoring of fluidic samples in micro-capillaries. A detailed theoretical model was developed to calculate the phase-sensitive spectral reflectivity when low-cost rectangular glass micro-capillaries, filled with samples with different refractive indices, are placed at the end of the measurment arm of a Michelson interferometer. From the phase-sensitive spectral reflectivity, we recovered the cosine-shaped interferometric signal as a function of the wavelength, as well as its dependence on the sample RI. Using the readout radiation provided by a 40-nm wideband light source with a flat emission spectrum centered at 1.55 µm and a 2 × 1 fiberoptic coupler on the common input-output optical path, experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the expected theoretical behavior. The shift of the micro-capillary optical resonances, induced by RI variations in the filling fluids (comparing saline solution with respect to distilled water, and isopropanol with respect to ethanol) were clearly detected by monitoring the positions of steep phase jumps in the cosine-shaped interferometric signal recorded as a function of the wavelength. By adding a few optical components to the instrumental configuration previously demonstrated for the spectral amplitude detection of resonances, we achieved phase-sensitive detection of the wavelength positions of the resonances as a function of the filling fluid RI. The main advantage consists of recovering RI variations by detecting the wavelength shift of “sharp peaks”, with any amplitude above a threshold in the interferometric signal derivative, instead of “wide minima” in the reflected power spectra, which are more easily affected by uncertainties due to amplitude fluctuations.
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35
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Aydindogan E, Ceylan AE, Timur S. Paper-based colorimetric spot test utilizing smartphone sensing for detection of biomarkers. Talanta 2020; 208:120446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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36
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Hendler-Neumark A, Bisker G. Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Protein Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5403. [PMID: 31817932 PMCID: PMC6960995 DOI: 10.3390/s19245403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanosensors have a central role in recent approaches to molecular recognition in applications like imaging, drug delivery systems, and phototherapy. Fluorescent nanoparticles are particularly attractive for such tasks owing to their emission signal that can serve as optical reporter for location or environmental properties. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fluoresce in the near-infrared part of the spectrum, where biological samples are relatively transparent, and they do not photobleach or blink. These unique optical properties and their biocompatibility make SWCNTs attractive for a variety of biomedical applications. Here, we review recent advancements in protein recognition using SWCNTs functionalized with either natural recognition moieties or synthetic heteropolymers. We emphasize the benefits of the versatile applicability of the SWCNT sensors in different systems ranging from single-molecule level to in-vivo sensing in whole animal models. Finally, we discuss challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
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Seo D, Park CS, Song YM. Design of Microdisk-Shaped Ge on Si Photodetector with Recess Structure for Refractive-Index Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5253. [PMID: 31795361 PMCID: PMC6928959 DOI: 10.3390/s19235253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a disk-shaped Ge-on-Si photodetector for refractive-index difference sensing at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm. For the implementation of a small-scale sensor, a Ge layer was formed on top of a Si layer to increase the absorption coefficient at the expense of the light-detection area. Additionally, the sensor had a ring waveguide structure along the edge of the disk formed by a recess into the inner part of the disk. This increased the interaction between the dominant optical mode traveling along the edge waveguide and the refractive index of the cladding material to be sensed, and conclusively increased detection sensitivity. The simulation results show that the proposed sensor exhibited a detection sensitivity of >50 nm/RIU (Refractive Index Unit), a quality factor of approximately 3000, and a minimum detectable refractive index change of 0.95 × 10-2 RIU with a small disk radius of 3 μm. This corresponds to 1.67 times the sensitivity without a recess (>30 nm/RIU).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang-Soo Park
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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38
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Peri SSS, Sabnani MK, Raza MU, Ghaffari S, Gimlin S, Wawro DD, Lee JS, Kim MJ, Weidanz J, Alexandrakis G. Detection of specific antibody-ligand interactions with a self-induced back-action actuated nanopore electrophoresis sensor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 31:085502. [PMID: 31675752 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab53a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in plasmonic nanopore technologies have enabled the use of concurrently acquired bimodal optical-electrical data for improved quantification of molecular interactions. This work presents the use of a new plasmonic nanosensor employing self-induced back-action (SIBA) for optical trapping to enable SIBA-actuated nanopore electrophoresis (SANE) for quantifying antibody-ligand interactions. T-cell receptor-like antibodies (TCRmAbs) engineered to target peptide-presenting major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands, representing a model of target ligands presented on the surface of cancer cells, were used to test the SANE sensor's ability to identify specific antibody-ligand binding. Cancer-irrelevant TCRmAbs targeting the same pMHCs were also tested as a control. It was found that the sensor could provide bimodal molecular signatures that could differentiate between antibody, ligand and the complexes that they formed, as well as distinguish between specific and non-specific interactions. Furthermore, the results suggested an interesting phenomenon of increased antibody-ligand complex bound fraction detected by the SANE sensor compared to that expected for corresponding bulk solution concentrations. A possible physical mechanism and potential advantages for the sensor's ability to augment complex formation near its active sensing volume at concentrations lower than the free solution equilibrium binding constant (K D ) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Santosh Sasank Peri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States of America
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Mujahid A, Afzal A, Dickert FL. An Overview of High Frequency Acoustic Sensors-QCMs, SAWs and FBARs-Chemical and Biochemical Applications. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19204395. [PMID: 31614484 PMCID: PMC6833005 DOI: 10.3390/s19204395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic devices have found wide applications in chemical and biosensing fields owing to their high sensitivity, ruggedness, miniaturized design and integration ability with on-field electronic systems. One of the potential advantages of using these devices are their label-free detection mechanism since mass is the fundamental property of any target analyte which is monitored by these devices. Herein, we provide a concise overview of high frequency acoustic transducers such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), surface acoustic wave (SAW) and film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) to compare their working principles, resonance frequencies, selection of piezoelectric materials for their fabrication, temperature-frequency dependency and operation in the liquid phase. The selected sensor applications of these high frequency acoustic transducers are discussed primarily focusing on the two main sensing domains, i.e., biosensing for working in liquids and gas/vapor phase sensing. Furthermore, the sensor performance of high frequency acoustic transducers in selected cases is compared with well-established analytical tools such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatographic (GC) analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Finally, a general comparison of these acoustic devices is conducted to discuss their strengths, limitations, and commercial adaptability thus, to select the most suitable transducer for a particular chemical/biochemical sensing domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mujahid
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Adeel Afzal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Franz L Dickert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Celikbas E, Balaban S, Evran S, Coskunol H, Timur S. A Bottom-Up Approach for Developing Aptasensors for Abused Drugs: Biosensors in Forensics. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E118. [PMID: 31581533 PMCID: PMC6955935 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamer-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostics platforms may be of substantial benefit in forensic analysis as they provide rapid, sensitive, user-friendly, and selective analysis tools for detection. Aptasensors have not yet been adapted commercially. However, the significance of the applications of aptasensors in the literature exceeded their potential. Herein, in this review, a bottom-up approach is followed to describe the aptasensor development and application procedure, starting from the synthesis of the corresponding aptamer sequence for the selected analyte to creating a smart surface for the sensitive detection of the molecule of interest. Optical and electrochemical biosensing platforms, which are designed with aptamers as recognition molecules, detecting abused drugs are critically reviewed, and existing and possible applications of different designs are discussed. Several potential disciplines in which aptamer-based biosensing technology can be of greatest value, including forensic drug analysis and biological evidence, are then highlighted to encourage researchers to focus on developing aptasensors in these specific areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Celikbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Simge Balaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Serap Evran
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Coskunol
- Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Mohammadniaei M, Park C, Min J, Sohn H, Lee T. Fabrication of Electrochemical-Based Bioelectronic Device and Biosensor Composed of Biomaterial-Nanomaterial Hybrid. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1064:263-296. [PMID: 30471039 PMCID: PMC7120487 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0445-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The field of bioelectronics has paved the way for the development of biochips, biomedical devices, biosensors and biocomputation devices. Various biosensors and biomedical devices have been developed to commercialize laboratory products and transform them into industry products in the clinical, pharmaceutical, environmental fields. Recently, the electrochemical bioelectronic devices that mimicked the functionality of living organisms in nature were applied to the use of bioelectronics device and biosensors. In particular, the electrochemical-based bioelectronic devices and biosensors composed of biomolecule-nanoparticle hybrids have been proposed to generate new functionality as alternatives to silicon-based electronic computation devices, such as information storage, process, computations and detection. In this chapter, we described the recent progress of bioelectronic devices and biosensors based on biomaterial-nanomaterial hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammadniaei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hiesang Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wang J, Karnaushenko D, Medina-Sánchez M, Yin Y, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Three-Dimensional Microtubular Devices for Lab-on-a-Chip Sensing Applications. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1476-1496. [PMID: 31132252 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid advance of micro-/nanofabrication technologies opens up new opportunities for miniaturized sensing devices based on novel three-dimensional (3D) architectures. Notably, microtubular geometry exhibits natural advantages for sensing applications due to its unique properties including the hollow sensing channel, high surface-volume ratio, well-controlled shape parameters and compatibility to on-chip integration. Here the state-of-the-art sensing techniques based on microtubular devices are reviewed. The developed microtubular sensors cover microcapillaries, rolled-up nanomembranes, chemically synthesized tubular arrays, and photoresist-based tubular structures via 3D printing. Various types of microtubular sensors working in optical, electrical, and magnetic principles exhibit an extremely broad scope of sensing targets including liquids, biomolecules, micrometer-sized/nanosized objects, and gases. Moreover, they have also been applied for the detection of mechanical, acoustic, and magnetic fields as well as fluorescence signals in labeling-based analyses. At last, a comprehensive outlook of future research on microtubular sensors is discussed on pushing the detection limit, extending the functionality, and taking a step forward to a compact and integrable core module in a lab-on-a-chip analytical system for understanding fundamental biological events or performing accurate point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstrasse 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | | | - Yin Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstrasse 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Frustaci S, Vollmer F. Whispering-gallery mode (WGM) sensors: review of established and WGM-based techniques to study protein conformational dynamics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 51:66-73. [PMID: 31202140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the conformational dynamics of proteins is crucial for a better understanding of their biological functions. To observe the structural dynamics of proteins, it is often necessary to study each molecule individually. To this end, single-molecule techniques have been developed such as Förster resonance energy transfer and optical tweezers. However, although powerful, these techniques do have their limitations, for example, limited temporal resolution, or necessity for fluorescent labelling, and they can often only access a limited set of all protein motions. Here, within the context of established structural biology techniques, we review a new class of highly sensitive optical devices based on WGM, which characterise protein dynamics on previously inaccessible timescales, visualise motions throughout a protein, and track movements of single atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Frustaci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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Rastogi M, Singh SK. Advances in Molecular Diagnostic Approaches for Biothreat Agents. DEFENSE AGAINST BIOLOGICAL ATTACKS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03071-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The advancement in Molecular techniques has been implicated in the development of sophisticated, high-end diagnostic platform and point-of-care (POC) devices for the detection of biothreat agents. Different molecular and immunological approaches such as Immunochromatographic and lateral flow assays, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays (ELISA), Biosensors, Isothermal amplification assays, Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), Next Generation Sequencers (NGS), Microarrays and Microfluidics have been used for a long time as detection strategies of the biothreat agents. In addition, several point of care (POC) devices have been approved by FDA and commercialized in markets. The high-end molecular platforms like NGS and Microarray are time-consuming, costly, and produce huge amount of data. Therefore, the future prospects of molecular based technique should focus on developing quick, user-friendly, cost-effective and portable devices against biological attacks and surveillance programs.
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45
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Peltomaa R, Glahn-Martínez B, Benito-Peña E, Moreno-Bondi MC. Optical Biosensors for Label-Free Detection of Small Molecules. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4126. [PMID: 30477248 PMCID: PMC6308632 DOI: 10.3390/s18124126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensors are an intriguing option for the analyses of many analytes, as they offer several advantages such as high sensitivity, direct and real-time measurement in addition to multiplexing capabilities. However, development of label-free optical biosensors for small molecules can be challenging as most of them are not naturally chromogenic or fluorescent, and in some cases, the sensor response is related to the size of the analyte. To overcome some of the limitations associated with the analysis of biologically, pharmacologically, or environmentally relevant compounds of low molecular weight, recent advances in the field have improved the detection of these analytes using outstanding methodology, instrumentation, recognition elements, or immobilization strategies. In this review, we aim to introduce some of the latest developments in the field of label-free optical biosensors with the focus on applications with novel innovations to overcome the challenges related to small molecule detection. Optical label-free methods with different transduction schemes, including evanescent wave and optical fiber sensors, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and interferometry, using various biorecognition elements, such as antibodies, aptamers, enzymes, and bioinspired molecularly imprinted polymers, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Peltomaa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bettina Glahn-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Benito-Peña
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María C Moreno-Bondi
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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46
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Luan E, Shoman H, Ratner DM, Cheung KC, Chrostowski L. Silicon Photonic Biosensors Using Label-Free Detection. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103519. [PMID: 30340405 PMCID: PMC6210424 DOI: 10.3390/s18103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to advanced semiconductor microfabrication technology, chip-scale integration and miniaturization of lab-on-a-chip components, silicon-based optical biosensors have made significant progress for the purpose of point-of-care diagnosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in evanescent field biosensing technologies including interferometer, microcavity, photonic crystal, and Bragg grating waveguide-based sensors. Their sensing mechanisms and sensor performances, as well as real biomarkers for label-free detection, are exhibited and compared. We also review the development of chip-level integration for lab-on-a-chip photonic sensing platforms, which consist of the optical sensing device, flow delivery system, optical input and readout equipment. At last, some advanced system-level complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip packaging examples are presented, indicating the commercialization potential for the low cost, high yield, portable biosensing platform leveraging CMOS processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxiao Luan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Hossam Shoman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Daniel M Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195-5061, USA.
| | - Karen C Cheung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Lukas Chrostowski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Syedmoradi L, Esmaeili F, Norton ML. Towards DNA methylation detection using biosensors. Analyst 2018; 141:5922-5943. [PMID: 27704092 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation, a stable and heritable covalent modification which mostly occurs in the context of a CpG dinucleotide, has great potential as a biomarker to detect disease, provide prognoses and predict therapeutic responses. It can be detected in a quantitative manner by many different approaches both genome-wide and at specific gene loci, in various biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and serum, which can be obtained without invasive procedures. The current, classical methods are effective in studying DNA methylation patterns, however, for the most part; they have major drawbacks such as expensive instruments, complicated and time consuming protocols as well as relatively low sensitivity, and high false positive rates. To overcome these obstacles, great efforts have been made toward the development of reliable sensor devices to solve these limitations, providing sensitive, fast and cost-effective measurements. The use of biosensors for DNA methylation biomarkers has increased in recent years, because they are portable, simple, rapid, and inexpensive which offers a straightforward way to detect methylated biomarkers. In this review, we give an overview of the conventional techniques for the detection of DNA methylation and then will focus on recent advances in biosensor based methylation detection that eliminate bisulfite conversion and PCR amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Syedmoradi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Esmaeili
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael L Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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48
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Matsuba S, Kato R, Okumura K, Sawada K, Hattori T. Extracellular Bio-imaging of Acetylcholine-stimulated PC12 Cells Using a Calcium and Potassium Multi-ion Image Sensor. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:553-558. [PMID: 29743426 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17p552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In biochemistry, Ca2+ and K+ play essential roles to control signal transduction. Much interest has been focused on ion-imaging, which facilitates understanding of their ion flux dynamics. In this paper, we report a calcium and potassium multi-ion image sensor and its application to living cells (PC12). The multi-ion sensor had two selective plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes containing ionophores. Each region on the sensor responded to only the corresponding ion. The multi-ion sensor has many advantages including not only label-free and real-time measurement but also simultaneous detection of Ca2+ and K+. Cultured PC12 cells treated with nerve growth factor were prepared, and a practical observation for the cells was conducted with the sensor. After the PC12 cells were stimulated by acetylcholine, only the extracellular Ca2+ concentration increased while there was no increase in the extracellular K+ concentration. Through the practical observation, we demonstrated that the sensor was helpful for analyzing the cell events with changing Ca2+ and/or K+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Matsuba
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Ryo Kato
- Cooperative Research Facility Center, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Koichi Okumura
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Kazuaki Sawada
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology.,Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Toshiaki Hattori
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David R. Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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50
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Caroselli R, García Castelló J, Escorihuela J, Bañuls MJ, Maquieira Á, García-Rupérez J. Experimental Study of the Oriented Immobilization of Antibodies on Photonic Sensing Structures by Using Protein A as an Intermediate Layer. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041012. [PMID: 29597326 PMCID: PMC5949038 DOI: 10.3390/s18041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A proper antibody immobilization on a biosensor is a crucial step in order to obtain a high sensitivity to be able to detect low target analyte concentrations. In this paper, we present an experimental study of the immobilization process of antibodies as bioreceptors on a photonic ring resonator sensor. A protein A intermediate layer was created on the sensor surface in order to obtain an oriented immobilization of the antibodies, which enhances the interaction with the target antigens to be detected. The anti-bovine serum albumin (antiBSA)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) pair was used as a model for our study. An opto-fluidic setup was developed in order to flow the different reagents and, simultaneously, to monitor in real-time the spectral response of the photonic sensing structure. The antiBSA immobilization and the BSA detection, their repeatability, and specificity were studied in different conditions of the sensor surface. Finally, an experimental limit of detection for BSA recognition of only 1 ng/mL was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Caroselli
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier García Castelló
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jaime García-Rupérez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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