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Carsch KM, DiMucci IM, Iovan DA, Li A, Zheng SL, Titus CJ, Lee SJ, Irwin KD, Nordlund D, Lancaster KM, Betley TA. Synthesis of a copper-supported triplet nitrene complex pertinent to copper-catalyzed amination. Science 2020; 365:1138-1143. [PMID: 31515388 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Terminal copper-nitrenoid complexes have inspired interest in their fundamental bonding structures as well as their putative intermediacy in catalytic nitrene-transfer reactions. Here, we report that aryl azides react with a copper(I) dinitrogen complex bearing a sterically encumbered dipyrrin ligand to produce terminal copper nitrene complexes with near-linear, short copper-nitrenoid bonds [1.745(2) to 1.759(2) angstroms]. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations reveal a predominantly triplet nitrene adduct bound to copper(I), as opposed to copper(II) or copper(III) assignments, indicating the absence of a copper-nitrogen multiple-bond character. Employing electron-deficient aryl azides renders the copper nitrene species competent for alkane amination and alkene aziridination, lending further credence to the intermediacy of this species in proposed nitrene-transfer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis M Carsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Diana A Iovan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles J Titus
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Irwin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Reichel M, Unger C, Dubovnik S, Roidl A, Kornath A, Karaghiosoff K. Synthesis, structural and toxicological investigations of quarternary phosphonium salts containing the P-bonded bioisosteric CH 2F moiety. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary alkyl, aryl or amino phosphines PR3 (R = Me, nBu, C2H4CN, NEt2) and the bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (POP) were allowed to react with fluoroiodomethane to produce fluoromethyl phosphonium salts in yields between 60–99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reichel
- Department Chemie
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität
- 81377 München
- Germany
| | - Cornelia Unger
- Department Chemie
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität
- 81377 München
- Germany
| | | | - Andreas Roidl
- Department Chemie
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität
- 81377 München
- Germany
| | - Andreas Kornath
- Department Chemie
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität
- 81377 München
- Germany
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3
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Yamashita Y, Saito Y, Kikkawa S, Mutoh Y, Hosoya S, Azumaya I, Saito S. Evaluation of the Steric Bulk of Substituents Utilizing the Shuttling Behavior of [2]Rotaxanes with N
-Arylpyrrole Moieties. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tokyo University of Science; 1-3 Kagurazaka 162-8601 Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuuki Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama 274-8510 Funabashi-shi Chiba Japan
| | - Shoko Kikkawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama 274-8510 Funabashi-shi Chiba Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tokyo University of Science; 1-3 Kagurazaka 162-8601 Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Shoichi Hosoya
- Institute of Research; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; 1-5-45 Yushima 113-8510 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama 274-8510 Funabashi-shi Chiba Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Tokyo University of Science; 1-3 Kagurazaka 162-8601 Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan
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4
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Abstract
The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a highly effective method for the selective incorporation of deuterium atom into the C-5 position of the 1,2,3-triazole structure. Reactions of alkynes and azides can be conveniently carried out in a biphasic medium of CH(2)Cl(2)/D(2)O, using the CuSO(4)/Na ascorbate system. The mildness of the method renders it applicable to substrates of relatively high complexity, such as nucleosides. Good yields and high levels of deuterium incorporation were observed. A reaction conducted in equimolar H(2)O and D(2)O showed 2.7 times greater incorporation of hydrogen atom as compared to deuterium. This is consistent with the H(+) and D(+) ion concentrations in H(2)O and D(2)O, respectively. With appropriately deuterated precursors, partially to fully deuterated triazoles were assembled where the final deuterium atom was incorporated in the triazole-forming step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K. Akula
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031-9198
| | - Mahesh K. Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031-9198
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5
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Bencivenni G, Cesari R, Nanni D, El Mkami H, Walton JC. EPR and pulsed ENDOR study of intermediates from reactions of aromatic azides with group 13 metal trichlorides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:713-25. [PMID: 21049080 PMCID: PMC2956481 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions of group 13 metal trichlorides with aromatic azides were examined by CW EPR and pulsed ENDOR spectroscopies. Complex EPR spectra were obtained from reactions of aluminium, gallium and indium trichlorides with phenyl azides containing a variety of substituents. Analysis of the spectra showed that 4-methoxy-, 3-methoxy- and 2-methoxyphenyl azides all gave ‘dimer’ radical cations [ArNHC6H4NH2]+• and trimers [ArNHC6H4NHC6H4NH2]+• followed by polymers. 4-Azidobenzonitrile, with its electron-withdrawing substituent, did not react. In general the aromatic azides appeared to react most rapidly with AlCl3 but this reagent tended to generate much polymer. InCl3 was the least reactive group 13 halide. DFT computations of the radical cations provided corroborating evidence and suggested that the unpaired electrons were accommodated in extensive π-delocalised orbitals. A mechanism to account for the reductive conversion of aromatic azides to the corresponding anilines and thence to the dimers and trimers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bencivenni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica "A. Mangini", Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna I-40136, Italy
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