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Fersing C, Masurier N, Rubira L, Deshayes E, Lisowski V. AAZTA-Derived Chelators for the Design of Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals with Theranostic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:234. [PMID: 35215346 PMCID: PMC8879111 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of 68Ga and 177Lu radiochemistry, theranostic approaches in modern nuclear medicine enabling patient-centered personalized medicine applications have been growing in the last decade. In conjunction with the search for new relevant molecular targets, the design of innovative chelating agents to easily form stable complexes with various radiometals for theranostic applications has gained evident momentum. Initially conceived for magnetic resonance imaging applications, the chelating agent AAZTA features a mesocyclic seven-membered diazepane ring, conferring some of the properties of both acyclic and macrocyclic chelating agents. Described in the early 2000s, AAZTA and its derivatives exhibited interesting properties once complexed with metals and radiometals, combining a fast kinetic of formation with a slow kinetic of dissociation. Importantly, the extremely short coordination reaction times allowed by AAZTA derivatives were particularly suitable for short half-life radioelements (i.e., 68Ga). In view of these particular characteristics, the scope of this review is to provide a survey on the design, synthesis, and applications in the nuclear medicine/radiopharmacy field of AAZTA-derived chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (L.R.); (E.D.)
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Léa Rubira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (L.R.); (E.D.)
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (L.R.); (E.D.)
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- IBMM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (V.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 191 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Abozeid SM, Chowdhury MSI, Asik D, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. Liposomal Fe(III) Macrocyclic Complexes with Hydroxypropyl Pendants as MRI Probes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7951-7960. [PMID: 35006776 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic liposomes containing Fe(III) complexes were prepared by incorporation of mononuclear (Fe(L1) or Fe(L3)) or dinuclear (Fe2(L2)) coordination complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane macrocycles containing 2-hydroxypropyl pendant groups. Two different types of paramagnetic liposomes were prepared. The first type, LipoA, has the mononuclear Fe(L1) complex loaded into the internal aqueous core. The second type, LipoB, has the amphiphilic Fe(L3) complex inserted into the liposomal bilayer and the internal aqueous core loaded with either Fe(L1) (LipoB1) or Fe2(L2) (LipoB2). LipoA enhances both T1 and T2 water proton relaxation rates. Treatment of LipoA with osmotic gradients to produce a nonspherical liposome produces a liposome with a chemical exchange saturation transfer effect as shown by an asymmetry analysis but only at high osmolarity. LipoB1, which contains an amphiphilic complex in the liposomal bilayer, produced a broadened Z-spectrum upon treatment of the liposome with osmotic gradients. The r1 relaxivity of LipoB1 and LipoB2 were higher than the r1 relaxivity of LipoA on a per Fe basis, suggesting an important contribution from the amphiphilic Fe(III) center. The r1 relaxivities of paramagnetic liposomes are relatively constant over a range of magnetic field strengths (1.4-9.4 T), with the ratio of r2/r1 substantially increasing at high field strengths. MRI studies of LipoB1 in mice showed prolonged contrast enhancement in blood compared to the clinically employed Gd(DOTA), which was injected at a 2-fold higher dose per metal than the Fe(III)-loaded liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira M Abozeid
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Md Saiful I Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Didar Asik
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Leone L, Guarnieri L, Martinelli J, Sisti M, Penoni A, Botta M, Tei L. Rigid and Compact Binuclear Bis-hydrated Gd-complexes as High Relaxivity MRI Agents. Chemistry 2021; 27:11811-11817. [PMID: 34114699 PMCID: PMC8456821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first binuclear Gd‐complex of the 12‐membered pyridine‐based polyaminocarboxylate macrocyclic ligand PCTA was synthesized by C−C connection of the pyridine units through two different synthetic procedures. A dimeric AAZTA‐ligand was also synthesized with the aim to compare the relaxometric results or the two ditopic Gd‐complexes. Thus, the 1H relaxometric study on [Gd2PCTA2(H2O)4] and on [Gd2AAZTA2(H2O)4]2− highlighted the remarkable rigidity and compactness of the two binuclear complexes, which results in molar relaxivities (per Gd), at 1.5 T and 298 K of ca. 12–12.6 mM−1 s−1 with an increase of ca. 80 % at 1.5 T and 298 K (+70 % at 310 K) with respect to the corresponding mononuclear complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale T. Michel 11, 50121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Luca Guarnieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale T. Michel 11, 50121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale T. Michel 11, 50121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Massimo Sisti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, 22100, Italy
| | - Andrea Penoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, 22100, Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale T. Michel 11, 50121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, viale T. Michel 11, 50121, Alessandria, Italy
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4
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Travagin F, Lattuada L, Giovenzana GB. AAZTA: The rise of mesocyclic chelating agents for metal coordination in medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Asik D, Abozeid SM, Turowski SG, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. Dinuclear Fe(III) Hydroxypropyl-Appended Macrocyclic Complexes as MRI Probes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8651-8664. [PMID: 34110140 PMCID: PMC9942924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Four high-spin Fe(III) macrocyclic complexes, including three dinuclear and one mononuclear complex, were prepared toward the development of more effective iron-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. All four complexes contain a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane macrocyclic backbone with two hydroxypropyl pendant groups, an ancillary aryl or biphenyl group, and a coordination site for a water ligand. The pH potentiometric titrations support one or two deprotonations of the complexes, most likely deprotonation of hydroxypropyl groups at near-neutral pH. Variable-temperature 17O NMR studies suggest that the inner-sphere water ligand is slow to exchange with bulk water on the NMR time scale. Water proton T1 relaxation times measured for solutions of the Fe(III) complexes at pH 7.2 showed that the dinuclear complexes have a 2- to 3-fold increase in r1 relaxivity in comparison to the mononuclear complex per molecule at field strengths ranging from 1.4 T to 9.4 T. The most effective agent, a dinuclear complex with macrocycles linked through para-substitution of an aryl group (Fe2(PARA)), has an r1 of 6.7 mM-1 s-1 at 37 °C and 4.7 T or 3.3 mM-1 s-1 per iron center in the presence of serum albumin and shows enhanced blood pool and kidney contrast in mice MRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didar Asik
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Samira M. Abozeid
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Steven G. Turowski
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York 14263 United States
| | - Joseph A. Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York 14263 United States
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
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Tei L, Gugliotta G, Marchi D, Cossi M, Geninatti Crich S, Botta M. Optimizing the relaxivity at high fields: systematic variation of the rotational dynamics in polynuclear Gd-complexes based on the AAZTA ligand. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00904d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A homogeneous series of polynuclear Gd-complexes (n = 1–8) based on a stable and bis-hydrated [Gd(AAZTA)]− chelate shows high relaxivity values at high fields (1.5–7 T), per Gd, particularly pronounced for the more rigid and compact members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica and Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gugliotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica and Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Davide Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica and Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica and Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti Crich
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Imaging Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica and Magnetic Resonance Platform (PRISMA-UPO), Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
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Martinelli J, Remotti D, Tei L. Selective functionalization of 6-amino-6-methyl-1,4-perhydrodiazepine for the synthesis of a library of polydentate chelators. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5245-5252. [PMID: 32614034 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polydentate chelators are an important part of an imaging probe, which consists of an agent that usually produces signals for imaging purposes connected to a targeting moiety. The goal of this study was to set up a generic protocol to prepare a library of polydentate ligands having a 6-amino-6-methyl-1,4-perhydrodiazepine (AMPED) core and able to chelate metal ions of interest for various diagnostic imaging techniques, including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). These ions, among which we can include Mn(ii), Cu(ii), Al(iii) or Ga(iii), require penta- or hexa-dentate chelators for this purpose, and the AMPED scaffold has considerable potential to support various pendant arms for coordination of such ions. AMPED already has three amino nitrogen donors; thus, only two or three additional arms should be introduced to obtain penta- or hexa-dentate systems. This condition implies that symmetrical or asymmetrical structures have to be developed, depending on the functionalization of cyclic and exocyclic amines. Starting from easily available materials, we have designed a convenient protocol for the preparation of multiple AMPED-based ligands endowed with different characteristics, several of which were synthesized as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Davide Remotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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8
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Baranyai Z, Delli Castelli D, Platas-Iglesias C, Esteban-Gomez D, Bényei A, Tei L, Botta M. Combined NMR, DFT and X-ray studies highlight structural and hydration changes of [Ln(AAZTA)]− complexes across the series. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01442j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR, CEST, DFT and X-ray studies reveal that [Ln(AAZTA)]− chelates experience a transition across the Ln(iii) series from fast-exchanging, bisaqua 9-coordinate species, to slow-exchanging monoaqua 8-coordinate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging SpA
- Bracco Research Center
- Colleretto Giacosa (TO)
- Italy
| | - Daniela Delli Castelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science
- University of Turin
- 10126 Torino
- Italy
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gomez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- Alessandria
- Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation
- Università del Piemonte Orientale
- Alessandria
- Italy
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Ndiaye M, Malytskyi V, Vangijzegem T, Sauvage F, Wels M, Cadiou C, Moreau J, Henoumont C, Boutry S, Muller RN, Harakat D, Smedt SD, Laurent S, Chuburu F. Comparison of MRI Properties between Multimeric DOTAGA and DO3A Gadolinium-Dendron Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12798-12808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maleotane Ndiaye
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Volodymyr Malytskyi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Thomas Vangijzegem
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike Wels
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cyril Cadiou
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Juliette Moreau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Céline Henoumont
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boutry
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Robert N. Muller
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratoire de RMN et d’Imagerie Moléculaire, Université de Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Françoise Chuburu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Marchesi S, Carniato F, Bisio C, Tei L, Marchese L, Botta M. Novel paramagnetic clays obtained through intercalation of Gd 3+-complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7896-7904. [PMID: 29761810 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel paramagnetic lanthanide-exchanged saponite clays, bearing in the interlamellar region positively charged Gd3+-complexes, were synthesized using a hydrothermal approach followed by a classical ion exchange reaction. A detailed characterization was performed to assess the physico-chemical properties of the samples, which showed a hydrodynamic diameter between 50 and 90 nm and good thermal stability. 1H-NMR relaxometric studies in aqueous solution as a function of magnetic field and temperature were carried out to evaluate the local chemical environment of the intercalated paramagnetic centres and their interaction with water molecules. The data indicate a strong interaction of the confined complexes with the lamellae, resulting in a restriction of the local rotational dynamics and of the exchange process of water molecules between the inner coordination sphere of Gd3+ and the bulk. The stability over time in aqueous solutions of varying complexity was also studied by relaxometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marchesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Carniato F, Tei L, Martinelli J, Botta M. Relaxivity Enhancement of Ditopic Bishydrated Gadolinium(III) Complexes Conjugated to Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Viale T. Michel 11 I‐15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Viale T. Michel 11 I‐15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Viale T. Michel 11 I‐15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Viale T. Michel 11 I‐15121 Alessandria Italy
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Tripepi M, Capuana F, Gianolio E, Kock FVC, Pagoto A, Stefania R, Digilio G, Aime S. Synthesis of High Relaxivity Gadolinium AAZTA Tetramers as Building Blocks for Bioconjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1428-1437. [PMID: 29470084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging requires the specific accumulation of contrast agents at the target. To exploit the superb resolution of MRI for applications in molecular imaging, gadolinium chelates, as the MRI contrast agents (CA), have to be conjugated to a specific vector able to recognize the epitope of interest. Several Gd(III)-chelates can be chemically linked to the same binding vector in order to deliver multiple copies of the CA (multimers) in a single targeting event thus increasing the sensitivity of the molecular probe. Herein three novel bifunctional agents, carrying one functional group for the bioconjugation to targeting vectors and four Gd(III)-AAZTA chelate functions for MRI contrast enhancement (AAZTA = 6-amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepinetetraacetic acid), are reported. The relaxivity in the tetrameric derivatives is 16.4 ± 0.2 mMGd-1 s-1 at 21.5 MHz and 25 °C, being 2.4-fold higher than that of parent, monomeric Gd(III)-AAZTA. These compounds can be used as versatile building blocks to insert preformed, high relaxivity, and high density Gd-centers to biological targeting vectors. As an example, we describe the use of these bifunctional Gd(III)-chelates to label a fibrin-targeting peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tripepi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Via Nizza 52 , 10126 - Torino , Italy
| | - Federico Capuana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Via Nizza 52 , 10126 - Torino , Italy
| | - Eliana Gianolio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Via Nizza 52 , 10126 - Torino , Italy
| | - Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo Kock
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry , São Paulo University , Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 , 13566-590 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Amerigo Pagoto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Via Nizza 52 , 10126 - Torino , Italy
| | - Rachele Stefania
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Via Nizza 52 , 10126 - Torino , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation , Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Viale T. Michel 11 , 15121 Alessandria , Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Via Nizza 52 , 10126 - Torino , Italy
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13
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Kielar F, Cassino C, Leone L, Tei L, Botta M. Macrocyclic trinuclear gadolinium( iii) complexes: the influence of the linker flexibility on the relaxometric properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04696k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The flexibility/rigidity of the linker causes different relaxometric behavior in both mononuclear and trinuclear GdIII complexes based on DO3A-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Kielar
- Department of Chemistry, Naresuan University
- Phitsanulok
- Thailand
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
| | - C. Cassino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - L. Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - L. Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
| | - M. Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- I-15121 Alessandria
- Italy
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14
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Tei L, Gugliotta G, Gambino G, Fekete M, Botta M. Developing High Field MRI Contrast Agents by Tuning the Rotational Dynamics: Bisaqua GdAAZTA-based Dendrimers. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gugliotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gambino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica; Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale Teresa Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
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15
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Imberti C, Terry SYA, Cullinane C, Clarke F, Cornish GH, Ramakrishnan NK, Roselt P, Cope AP, Hicks RJ, Blower PJ, Ma MT. Enhancing PET Signal at Target Tissue in Vivo: Dendritic and Multimeric Tris(hydroxypyridinone) Conjugates for Molecular Imaging of α vβ 3 Integrin Expression with Gallium-68. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:481-495. [PMID: 27966893 PMCID: PMC5314429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tris(hydroxypyridinone) chelators conjugated to peptides can rapidly complex the positron-emitting isotope gallium-68 (68Ga) under mild conditions, and the resulting radiotracers can delineate peptide receptor expression at sites of diseased tissue in vivo. We have synthesized a dendritic bifunctional chelator containing nine 1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one groups (SCN-HP9) that can coordinate up to three Ga3+ ions. This derivative has been conjugated to a trimeric peptide (RGD3) containing three peptide groups that target the αvβ3 integrin receptor. The resulting dendritic compound, HP9-RGD3, can be radiolabeled in 97% radiochemical yield at a 3-fold higher specific activity than its homologues HP3-RGD and HP3-RGD3 that contain only a single metal binding site. PET scanning and biodistribution studies show that [68Ga(HP9-RGD3)] demonstrates higher receptor-mediated tumor uptake in animals bearing U87MG tumors that overexpress αvβ3 integrin than [68Ga(HP3-RGD)] and [68Ga(HP3-RGD3)]. However, concomitant nontarget organ retention of [68Ga(HP9-RGD3)] results in low tumor to nontarget organ contrast in PET images. On the other hand, the trimeric peptide homologue containing a single tris(hydroxypyridinone) chelator, [68Ga(HP3-RGD3)], clears nontarget organs and exhibits receptor-mediated uptake in mice bearing tumors and in mice with induced rheumatoid arthritis. PET imaging with [68Ga(HP3-RGD3)] enables clear delineation of αvβ3 integrin receptor expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Imberti
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Y. A. Terry
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona Clarke
- King’s College
London, Academic Department of Rheumatology,
Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty
of Life Sciences and Medicine, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina H. Cornish
- King’s College
London, Academic Department of Rheumatology,
Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty
of Life Sciences and Medicine, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Nisha K. Ramakrishnan
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Roselt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Cope
- King’s College
London, Academic Department of Rheumatology,
Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Faculty
of Life Sciences and Medicine, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney J. Hicks
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle T. Ma
- King’s College
London, Division of Imaging
Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Fourth
Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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16
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Gambino G, Tei L, Carniato F, Botta M. Amphiphilic Ditopic Bis-Aqua Gd-AAZTA-like Complexes Enhance Relaxivity of Lipidic MRI Nanoprobes. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2139-43. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gambino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale; Viale T. Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale; Viale T. Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale; Viale T. Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale; Viale T. Michel 11 15121 Alessandria Italy
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17
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Karimi S, Tei L, Botta M, Helm L. Evaluation of Water Exchange Kinetics on [Ln(AAZTAPh–NO2)(H2O)q]x Complexes Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6300-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Karimi
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Inorganique et Bioinorganique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL-BCH), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lothar Helm
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Inorganique et Bioinorganique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL-BCH), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Vágner A, D'Alessandria C, Gambino G, Schwaiger M, Aime S, Maiocchi A, Tóth I, Baranyai Z, Tei L. A rigidified AAZTA-like ligand as efficient chelator for68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201500051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Vágner
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; H-4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1. Hungary
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Ismaningerstr. 22 81675 Munich Germany
| | - Giuseppe Gambino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT); Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale T. Michel 11 I-15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Ismaningerstr. 22 81675 Munich Germany
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 I-10126 Torino Italy
| | - Alessandro Maiocchi
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa; Via Ribes 5 I-10010 Colleretto Giacosa Italy
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; H-4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1. Hungary
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; H-4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1. Hungary
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Ismaningerstr. 22 81675 Munich Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT); Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale T. Michel 11 I-15121 Alessandria Italy
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19
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Negri R, Carniato F, Botta M, Giovenzana GB, Tei L. Synthesis of an Amphiphilic Bis-Aqua Gd(OBETA) Complex for the Preparation of High-Relaxivity Supramolecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes. Chempluschem 2016; 81:235-241. [PMID: 31968768 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prompted by the favourable relaxometric, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the bis-hydrated Gd(OBETA) (OBETA=2,2'-oxybis(ethylamine)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) complex, a novel derivative tailored with an n-hexadecyl chain was synthesised. The amphiphilic gadolinium complex was designed and prepared with the aim of obtaining high relaxivity supramolecular aggregates by self-assembly in micelles and liposomes. Thus, lipidic nanoparticles were prepared and characterised by dynamic light scattering and 1 H NMR relaxometry. Relaxivity values of up to 48.3 mm-1 s-1 (20 MHz and 298 K) were registered in liposomal aggregates. The binding to human serum albumin (HSA), evaluated both in terms of affinity and relaxometric properties of the supramolecular adduct, yielded exceptionally high relaxivity values (71.4 mm-1 s-1 at 30 MHz and 298 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", L.go Donegani 2/3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", L.go Donegani 2/3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
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20
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Vágner A, Gianolio E, Aime S, Maiocchi A, Tóth I, Baranyai Z, Tei L. High kinetic inertness of a bis-hydrated Gd-complex with a constrained AAZTA-like ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11235-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04753j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The GdIII complex of a cyclohexyl-fused AAZTA derivative shows the highest kinetic inertness in the class of non-macrocyclic bis hydrated GdIII-complexes and optimal relaxometric performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Vágner
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Eliana Gianolio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico
- Università degli Studi di Torino
- Torino
- Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare e Preclinico
- Università degli Studi di Torino
- Torino
- Italy
| | | | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
- Centro Ricerche Bracco
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica
- Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”
- Alessandria
- Italy
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21
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Longo DL, Arena F, Consolino L, Minazzi P, Geninatti-Crich S, Giovenzana GB, Aime S. Gd-AAZTA-MADEC, an improved blood pool agent for DCE-MRI studies on mice on 1 T scanners. Biomaterials 2015; 75:47-57. [PMID: 26480471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel MRI blood-pool contrast agent (Gd-AAZTA-MADEC) has been compared with established blood pool agents for tumor contrast enhanced images and angiography. Synthesis, relaxometric properties, albumin binding affinity and pharmacokinetic profiles are reported. For in vivo studies, angiographic images and tumor contrast enhanced images were acquired on mice with benchtop 1T-MRI scanners and compared with MS-325, B22956/1 and B25716/1. The design of this contrast agent involved the elongation of the spacer between the targeting deoxycholic acid moiety and the Gd-AAZTA imaging reporting unit that drastically changed either the binding affinity to albumin (KA(HSA) = 8.3 × 10(5) M(-1)) and the hydration state of the Gd ion (q = 2) in comparison to the recently reported B25716/1. The very markedly high binding affinity towards mouse and human serum albumins resulted in peculiar pharmacokinetics and relaxometric properties. The NMRD profiles clearly indicated that maximum efficiency is attainable at magnetic field strength of 1 T. In vivo studies showed high enhancement of the vasculature and a prolonged accumulation inside tumor. The herein reported pre-clinical imaging studies show that a great benefit arises from the combination of a benchtop MRI scanner operating at 1 T and the albumin-binding Gd-AAZTA-MADEC complex, for pursuing enhanced angiography and improved characterization of tumor vascular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Livio Longo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Arena
- Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; CAGE Chemicals Srl, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Minazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100, Novara, Italy; CAGE Chemicals Srl, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti-Crich
- Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100, Novara, Italy; CAGE Chemicals Srl, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
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22
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Valdés O, Vergara CE, Camarada MB, Carrasco-Sánchez V, Nachtigall FM, Tapia J, Fischer R, González-Nilo FD, Santos LS. Synthesis and characterization of an insoluble polymer based on polyamidoamine: applications for the decontamination of metals in aqueous systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 147:321-329. [PMID: 25304521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel, insoluble, low-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-based polymer. The monomer and polymer were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric measurement, revealing that G0 acryloyl-terminated PAMAM were synthesized and polymerized using ammonium persulfate as an initiator, producing a high-density PAMAM derivative (PAMAM-HD). PAMAM-HD was tested for its ability to remove Na(I), K(I), Ca(II), Mg(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions from acidic, neutral and basic aqueous solutions. PAMAM-HD efficiently removed metals ions from all three solutions. The greatest absorption efficiency at neutral pH was observed against Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II), and the experimental data were supported by the calculated Kd values. Our data could have a significant impact on water purification by providing an inexpensive and efficient polymer for the removal of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Valdés
- Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation-Center System Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, Nanobiotechnology Division at University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudia E Vergara
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Maria B Camarada
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Biología, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), República 239, Santiago, Chile; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Veronica Carrasco-Sánchez
- Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation-Center System Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, Nanobiotechnology Division at University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile; Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Fabiane M Nachtigall
- Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation-Center System Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, Nanobiotechnology Division at University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Jaime Tapia
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology - RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - F D González-Nilo
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Biología, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), República 239, Santiago, Chile; Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, M. Sánchez Fontecilla 310 piso 14, Las Condes, Chile
| | - Leonardo S Santos
- Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation-Center System Biotechnology, FCR-CSB, Nanobiotechnology Division at University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile; Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, University of Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile.
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23
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Negri R, Baranyai Z, Tei L, Giovenzana GB, Platas-Iglesias C, Bényei AC, Bodnár J, Vágner A, Botta M. Lower denticity leading to higher stability: structural and solution studies of Ln(III)-OBETA complexes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12499-511. [PMID: 25387307 DOI: 10.1021/ic5020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The heptadentate ligand OBETA (2,2'-oxybis(ethylamine)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) was reported to form complexes with Ln(3+) ions more stable than those formed by the octadentate and more popular congener EGTA (ethylene glycol O,O'-bis(ethylamine)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). The structural features leading to this puzzling coordination paradox were investigated by X-ray diffraction, solution state NMR, molecular modeling, and relaxometric studies. The stability constant of Gd(OBETA) (log KGdL = 19.37, 0.1 M KCl) is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the higher denticity analogue Gd(EGTA) (log KGdL = 17.66, 0.1 M KCl). The half-lives (t1/2) for the dissociation reactions of Gd(OBETA) and Gd(EGTA) ([Cu(2+)]tot = 0.2 mM, [Cit(3-)]tot = 0.5 mM, [PO4(3-)]tot = 1.0 mM, and [CO3(2-)]tot = 25 mM at pH = 7.4 and 25 °C in 0.1 M KCl solution) are 6.8 and 0.63 h, respectively, reflecting the much higher inertness of Gd(OBETA) near physiological conditions. NMR studies and DFT calculations using the B3LYP functional and a large-core ECP indicate that the [Gd(OBETA)(H2O)2](-) complex most likely exists in solution as the Δ(λλ)(δδδδ)A/Λ(δδ)(λλλλ)A enantiomeric pair, with an activation free energy for the enantiomerization process of ∼40 kJ·mol(-1). The metal ion is nine-coordinate by seven donor atoms of the ligand and two inner-sphere water molecules. The X-ray crystal structure of [C(NH2)3]3[Lu(OBETA)(CO3)]·2H2O is in agreement with the predictions of DFT calculations, the two coordinated water molecules being replaced by a bidentate carbonate anion. The (1)H NMRD and (17)O NMR study revealed that the two inner-sphere water molecules in Gd(OBETA) are endowed with a relatively fast water exchange rate (kex(298) = 13 × 10(6) s(-1)). The higher thermodynamic stability and inertness of Ln(OBETA) complexes, peaking in the center of the 4f series, combined with the presence of two coordinated water molecules suggests that Gd(OBETA) is a promising paramagnetic probe for MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Largo Donegani 2/3, I-28100 Novara, Italy
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24
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Martinelli J, Thangavel K, Tei L, Botta M. Dendrimeric β-Cyclodextrin/GdIIIChelate Supramolecular Host-Guest Adducts as High-Relaxivity MRI Probes. Chemistry 2014; 20:10944-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Šimeček J, Zemek O, Hermann P, Notni J, Wester HJ. Tailored Gallium(III) Chelator NOPO: Synthesis, Characterization, Bioconjugation, and Application in Preclinical Ga-68-PET Imaging. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:3893-903. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400642s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Šimeček
- Lehrstuhl
für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Str. 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ondřej Zemek
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Notni
- Lehrstuhl
für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Str. 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Lehrstuhl
für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Str. 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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26
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Bruckman MA, Yu X, Steinmetz NF. Engineering Gd-loaded nanoparticles to enhance MRI sensitivity via T(1) shortening. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:462001. [PMID: 24158750 PMCID: PMC3895399 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/46/462001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging technique capable of obtaining high-resolution anatomical images of the body. Major drawbacks of MRI are the low contrast agent sensitivity and inability to distinguish healthy tissue from diseased tissue, making early detection challenging. To address this technological hurdle, paramagnetic contrast agents have been developed to increase the longitudinal relaxivity, leading to an increased signal-to-noise ratio. This review focuses on methods and principles that enabled the design and engineering of nanoparticles to deliver contrast agents with enhanced ionic relaxivities. Different engineering strategies and nanoparticle platforms will be compared in terms of their manufacturability, biocompatibility properties, and their overall potential to make an impact in clinical MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Bruckman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ermelindo A, Gambino G, Tei L. Synthesis of a mixed carboxylate–phosphinate AAZTA-like ligand and relaxometric characterization of its GdIII complex. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Gambino G, De Pinto S, Tei L, Cassino C, Arena F, Gianolio E, Botta M. A new ditopic Gd(III) complex functionalized with an adamantyl moiety as a versatile building block for the preparation of supramolecular assemblies. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 19:133-43. [PMID: 24100595 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A dimeric GdAAZTA-like complex (AAZTA is 6-amino-6-methylperhydro-1,4-diazepinetetraacetic acid) bearing an adamantyl group (Gd2L1) able to form strong supramolecular adducts with specific hosts such as β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), poly-β-CD, and human serum albumin (HSA) is reported. The relaxometric properties of Gd2L1 were investigated in aqueous solution by measuring the (1)H relaxivity as a function of pH, temperature, and magnetic field strength. The relaxivity of Gd2L1 (per Gd atom) at 40 MHz and 298 K is 17.6 mM(-1) s(-1), a value that remains almost constant at higher fields owing to the great compactness and rigidity of the bimetallic chelate, resulting in an ideal value for the rotational correlation time for high-field MRI applications (1.5-3.0 T). The noncovalent interaction of Gd2L1 with β-CD, poly-β-CD, and HSA and the relaxometric properties of the resulting host-guest adducts were investigated using (1)H relaxometric methods. Relaxivity enhancements of 29 and 108 % were found for Gd2L1-β-CD and Gd2L1-poly-β-CD, respectively. Binding of Gd2L1 to HSA (KA = 1.2 × 10(4) M(-1)) results in a remarkable relaxivity of 41.4 mM(-1) s(-1) for the bound form (+248 %). The relaxivity is only limited by the local rotation of the complex within the binding site, which decreases on passing from Gd2L1-β-CD to Gd2L1-HSA. Finally, the applicability of Gd2L1 as tumor-targeting agent through passive accumulation of the HSA-bound adduct was evaluated via acquisition of magnetic resonance images at 1 T of B16-tumor-bearing mice. These experiments indicate a considerable signal enhancement (+160 %) in tumor after 60 min from the injection and a very low hepatic accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gambino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
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29
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Artali R, Bombieri G, Giovenzana G, Galli M, Lattuada L, Meneghetti F. Preparation, crystallographic and theoretical study on a bifunctional Gd-AAZTA derivative as potential MRI contrast agent precursor. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Tircsó G, Garda Z, Kálmán FK, Baranyai Z, Pócsi I, Balla G, Tóth I. Lanthanide(III) complexes of some natural siderophores: A thermodynamic, kinetic and relaxometric study. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 127:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Gambino G, Engelmann J, Tei L, Botta M, Logothetis NK, Mamedov I. Multimodal contrast agents for in vivo neuroanatomical analysis of monosynaptic connections. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7135-42. [PMID: 23790308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed and examined the applicability of two multimodal paramagnetic contrast agents for the longitudinal in vivo investigations of the brain projections. The classical dextran based neuroanatomical tracer was conjugated with mono- and bimetal Gd(3+) complexes and an optical reporter. Relaxometric studies of both tracer molecules were performed in vitro followed by in cellulo MR and microscopy investigations. Finally, tracers were injected into the motor cortex of the rat brain; uptake and transporting properties were compared by MRI. The advantage of the multimodal approach was taken and histological studies were performed on the same animals. The histology results confirm the MRI studies demonstrating that the applied tracers labelled anterogradely the regions known for their connections with the motor cortex of the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gambino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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32
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Vologdin N, Rolla GA, Botta M, Tei L. Orthogonal synthesis of a heterodimeric ligand for the development of the GdIII–GaIII ditopic complex as a potential pH-sensitive MRI/PET probe. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1683-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27200h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Baranyai Z, Botta M, Fekete M, Giovenzana GB, Negri R, Tei L, Platas-Iglesias C. Lower ligand denticity leading to improved thermodynamic and kinetic stability of the Gd3+ complex: the strange case of OBETA. Chemistry 2012; 18:7680-5. [PMID: 22615142 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBETA, OBETA, you bet: Thermodynamic and kinetic measurements show an apparent paradox. The stability of complexes of lanthanide trivalent ions is higher with the heptadentate ligand OBETA (ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) than with its octadentate homologue EGTA (2,2'-oxybis(ethylamine)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). The unusual properties of Gd(OBETA)(-) (see structure), combined with the presence of two fast exchanging coordinated water molecules, candidates this complex as an MRI contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., Hungary
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34
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Botta M, Tei L. Relaxivity Enhancement in Macromolecular and Nanosized GdIII-Based MRI Contrast Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Baranyai Z, Tei L, Giovenzana GB, Kálmán FK, Botta M. Equilibrium and NMR Relaxometric Studies on the s-Triazine-Based Heptadentate Ligand PTDITA Showing High Selectivity for Gd3+ Ions. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:2597-607. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202559h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze
e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giovanni B. Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di
Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2/3, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ferenc K. Kálmán
- Department of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Mauro Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze
e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
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36
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Giovenzana GB, Negri R, Rolla GA, Tei L. Gd-Aminoethyl-DO3A Complexes: A Novel Class of pH-Sensitive MRI Contrast Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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Martinelli J, Gugliotta G, Tei L. Synthesis of 6-Substituted 6-Nitroperhydro-1,4-diazepines via Novel Tandem Retro-Henry and Mannich/Michael Reactions. Org Lett 2012; 14:716-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203101s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gugliotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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38
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Yang CT, Chuang KH. Gd(iii) chelates for MRI contrast agents: from high relaxivity to “smart”, from blood pool to blood–brain barrier permeable. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Martinelli J, Fekete M, Tei L, Botta M. Cleavable β-cyclodextrin nanocapsules incorporating Gd(III)-chelates as bioresponsive MRI probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3144-6. [PMID: 21270985 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Perthiolated β-cyclodextrin-based nanocapsules incorporating diaquo Gd(III)-complexes represent a promising new type of bioresponsive MRI contrast agent, showing a pronounced relaxivity change upon degradation in a reducing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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40
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Tei L, Gugliotta G, Fekete M, Kálmán FK, Botta M. Mn(ii) complexes of novel hexadentate AAZTA-like chelators: a solution thermodynamics and relaxometric study. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2025-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Lattuada L, Barge A, Cravotto G, Giovenzana GB, Tei L. The synthesis and application of polyamino polycarboxylic bifunctional chelating agents. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3019-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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