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Ahmed AF, Madi MA, Ali AH, Mokhemer SA. The ameliorating effects of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells on blue light-induced rat retinal injury via modulation of TLR4 signaling, apoptosis, and glial cell activity. Cell Tissue Res 2024:10.1007/s00441-024-03925-3. [PMID: 39441358 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Blue light (BL)-induced retinal injury has become a very common problem due to over exposure to blue light-emitting sources. This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorating impact of stromal vascular fraction cells (SVFCs) on BL-induced retinal injury. Forty male albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups. The control group rats were kept in 12-h light/12-h dark. Rats of SVFC-control as the control group, but rats were intravenously injected once by SVFCs. Rats of both the BL-group and BL-SVFC group were exposed to BL for 2 weeks; then rats of the BL-SVFC group were intravenously injected once by SVFCs. Following the BL exposure, rats were kept for 8 weeks. Physical and physiological studies were performed; then retinal tissues were collected for biochemical and histological studies. The BL-group showed physical and physiological changes indicating affection of the visual function. Biochemical marker assessment showed a significant increase in MDA, TLR4 and MYD88 tissue levels with a significant decrease in TAC levels. Histological and ultrastructural assessment showed disruption of the normal histological architecture with retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, and ganglion cell deterioration. A significant increase in NF-κB, caspase-3, and GFAP immunoreactivity was also detected. BL-SVFC group showed a significant improvement in physical, physiological, and biochemical parameters. Retinal tissues revealed amelioration of retinal structural and ultrastructural deterioration and a significant decrease in NF-κB and caspase-3 immunoreactivity with a significant increase in GFAP immunoreaction. This study concluded that SVFCs could ameliorate the BL-induced retinal injury through TLR-4/MYD-88/NF-κB signaling inhibition, regenerative, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Fathy Ahmed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Maha Ahmed Madi
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Azza Hussein Ali
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Mokhemer
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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2
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Becker S, L'Ecuyer Z, Jones BW, Zouache MA, McDonnell FS, Vinberg F. Modeling complex age-related eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101247. [PMID: 38365085 PMCID: PMC11268458 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Modeling complex eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma poses significant challenges, since these conditions depend highly on age-related changes that occur over several decades, with many contributing factors remaining unknown. Although both diseases exhibit a relatively high heritability of >50%, a large proportion of individuals carrying AMD- or glaucoma-associated genetic risk variants will never develop these diseases. Furthermore, several environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to and modulate the pathogenesis and progression of AMD and glaucoma. Several strategies replicate the impact of genetic risk variants, pathobiological pathways and environmental and lifestyle factors in AMD and glaucoma in mice and other species. In this review we will primarily discuss the most commonly available mouse models, which have and will likely continue to improve our understanding of the pathobiology of age-related eye diseases. Uncertainties persist whether small animal models can truly recapitulate disease progression and vision loss in patients, raising doubts regarding their usefulness when testing novel gene or drug therapies. We will elaborate on concerns that relate to shorter lifespan, body size and allometries, lack of macula and a true lamina cribrosa, as well as absence and sequence disparities of certain genes and differences in their chromosomal location in mice. Since biological, rather than chronological, age likely predisposes an organism for both glaucoma and AMD, more rapidly aging organisms like small rodents may open up possibilities that will make research of these diseases more timely and financially feasible. On the other hand, due to the above-mentioned anatomical and physiological features, as well as pharmacokinetic and -dynamic differences small animal models are not ideal to study the natural progression of vision loss or the efficacy and safety of novel therapies. In this context, we will also discuss the advantages and pitfalls of alternative models that include larger species, such as non-human primates and rabbits, patient-derived retinal organoids, and human organ donor eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Becker
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zia L'Ecuyer
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bryan W Jones
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Moussa A Zouache
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Fiona S McDonnell
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Frans Vinberg
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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3
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Zinflou C, Rochette PJ. Indenopyrene and Blue-Light Co-Exposure Impairs the Tightly Controlled Activation of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: A Mechanism for Synergistic Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17385. [PMID: 38139215 PMCID: PMC10744144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High energy visible (HEV) blue light is an increasing source of concern for visual health. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), a group of compounds found in high concentrations in smokers and polluted environments, accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). HEV absorption by indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP), a common PAH, synergizes their toxicities and promotes degenerative changes in RPE cells comparable to the ones observed in age-related macular degeneration. In this study, we decipher the processes underlying IcdP and HEV synergic toxicity in human RPE cells. We found that IcdP-HEV toxicity is caused by the loss of the tight coupling between the two metabolic phases ensuring IcdP efficient detoxification. Indeed, IcdP/HEV co-exposure induces an overactivation of key actors in phase I metabolism. IcdP/HEV interaction is also associated with a downregulation of proteins involved in phase II. Our data thus indicate that phase II is hindered in response to co-exposure and that it is insufficient to sustain the enhanced phase I induction. This is reflected by an accelerated production of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increased accumulation of IcdP-related bulky DNA damage. Our work raises the prospect that lifestyle and environmental pollution may be significant modulators of HEV toxicity in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Zinflou
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick J. Rochette
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie et ORL—Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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4
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Chang YJ, Jenny L, Li YS, Cui X, Kong Y, Li Y, Sparrow J, Tsang S. CRISPR editing demonstrates rs10490924 raised oxidative stress in iPSC-derived retinal cells from patients with ARMS2/HTRA1-related AMD. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215005120. [PMID: 37126685 PMCID: PMC10175836 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215005120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic risk loci for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on the chromosome 10q26 (Chr10) locus and are tightly linked: the A69S (G>T) rs10490924 single-nucleotide variant (SNV) and the AATAA-rich insertion-deletion (indel, del443/ins54), which are found in the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) gene, and the G512A (G>A) rs11200638 SNV, which is found in the high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) promoter. The fourth variant is Y402H complement factor H (CFH), which directs CFH signaling. CRISPR manipulation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells may allow one to isolate the effects of the individual SNV and thus identify SNV-specific effects on cell phenotype. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) editing demonstrates that rs10490924 raised oxidative stress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal cells from patients with AMD. Sodium phenylbutyrate preferentially reverses the cell death caused by ARMS2 rs10490924 but not HTRA1 rs11200638. This study serves as a proof of concept for the use of patient-specific iPSCs for functional annotation of tightly linked GWAS to study the etiology of a late-onset disease phenotype. More importantly, we demonstrate that antioxidant administration may be useful for reducing reactive oxidative stress in AMD, a prevalent late-onset neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Chang
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY10032
| | - Laura A. Jenny
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY10032
| | - Yong-Shi Li
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY10032
| | - Xuan Cui
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY10032
| | - Yang Kong
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY10032
| | - Yao Li
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY10032
| | - Janet R. Sparrow
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY10032
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY10032
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Institute of Human Nutrition, and Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
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5
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Shimizu H, Takayama K, Yamada K, Suzumura A, Sato T, Nishio Y, Ito M, Ushida H, Nishiguchi KM, Takeuchi M, Kaneko H. Dimethyl Fumarate Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium from Blue Light-Induced Oxidative Damage via the Nrf2 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010045. [PMID: 36670906 PMCID: PMC9854498 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), the methyl-ester of fumaric acid, against blue-light (BL) exposure in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. ARPE-19 cells, a human RPE cell line, were cultured with DMF followed by exposure to BL. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell viability, and cell death rate were determined. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to determine the change in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived)-like 2 (NRF2) expression. Twenty-seven inflammatory cytokines in the supernatant of culture medium were measured. BL exposure induced ROS generation in ARPE-19 cells, which DMF alleviated in a concentration-dependent manner. BL exposure increased the ARPE-19 cell death rate, which DMF alleviated. BL exposure induced ARPE-19 cell apoptosis, again alleviated by DMF. Under BL exposure, DMF increased the NRF2 mRNA level and promoted NRF2 expression in the nucleus. BL also strongly increased interleukin (IL)-1β and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) expression. BL strongly induced RPE cell damage with apoptotic change while DMF mainly reduced inflammation in BL-induced RPE damage, resulting in blockade of cell death. DMF has a protective effect in RPE cells against BL exposure via activation of the NRF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Takayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 258-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 258-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishio
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 258-8513, Japan
| | - Masataka Ito
- Department of Developmental Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 258-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ushida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koji M Nishiguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 258-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-744-2275
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6
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NMDA Receptor Antagonists Degrade Lipofuscin via Autophagy in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081129. [PMID: 36013596 PMCID: PMC9415004 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Age-related macular degeneration is a slow-progressing disease in which lipofuscin accumulates in the retina, causing inflammation and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. This study aimed to identify N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) signaling as a novel mechanism for scavenging N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E), a component of ocular lipofuscin, in human RPE cells. Materials and Methods: A2E degradation assays were performed in ARPE-19 cells using fluorescently labeled A2E. The autophagic activity in ARPE-19 cells was measured upon blue light (BL) exposure, after A2E treatment. Autophagy flux was determined by measuring LC3-II formation using immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. To determine whether autophagy via the NMDA receptor is involved in A2E clearance, ATG5-deficient cells were used. Results: Ro 25-6981, an NR2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonist, effectively cleared A2E. Ro 25-6981 reduced A2E accumulation in the lysosomes of ARPE-19 cells at sub-cytotoxic concentrations, while increasing the formation of LC3-II and decreasing p62 protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. The autophagic flux monitored by RFP-GFP-LC3 and bafilomycin A1 assays was significantly increased by Ro 25-6981. A2E clearance by Ro 25-6981 was abolished in ATG5-depleted ARPE-19 cells, suggesting that A2E degradation by Ro 25-6981 was mediated by autophagy. Furthermore, treatment with other NMDA receptor antagonists, CP-101,606 and AZD6765, showed similar effects on autophagy activation and A2E degradation in ARPE-19 cells. In contrast, glutamate, an NMDA receptor agonist, exhibited a contrasting effect, suggesting that both the activation of autophagy and the degradation of A2E by Ro 25-6981 in ARPE-19 cells occur through inhibition of the NMDA receptor pathway. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that NMDA receptor antagonists degrade lipofuscin via autophagy in human RPE cells and suggests that NMDA receptor antagonists could be promising new therapeutics for retinal degenerative diseases.
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7
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Vincent M, Simon L, Brabet P, Legrand P, Dorandeu C, Him JLK, Durand T, Crauste C, Begu S. Formulation and Evaluation of SNEDDS Loaded with Original Lipophenol for the Oral Route to Prevent Dry AMD and Stragardt’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051029. [PMID: 35631617 PMCID: PMC9147958 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (Dry AMD) and Stargardt’s disease (STGD1) are common eye diseases, characterized by oxidative and carbonyl stress (COS)-inducing photoreceptor degeneration and vision loss. Previous studies have demonstrated the protective effect of photoreceptors after the intravenous administration of a new lipophenol drug, phloroglucinol-isopropyl-DHA (IP-DHA). In this study, we developed an oral formulation of IP-DHA (BCS Class IV) relying on a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). SNEDDS, composed of Phosal® 53 MCT, Labrasol®, and Transcutol HP® at a ratio of 25/60/15 (w/w/w), led to a homogeneous nanoemulsion (NE) with a mean size of 53.5 ± 4.5 nm. The loading of IP-DHA in SNEDDS (SNEDDS-IP-DHA) was successful, with a percentage of IP-DHA of 99.7% in nanoemulsions. The in vivo study of the therapeutic potency of SNEDDS-IP-DHA after oral administration on mice demonstrated photoreceptor protection after the induction of retinal degeneration with acute light stress (73–80%) or chronic light stress (52–69%). Thus, SNEDDS formulation proved to increase the solubility of IP-DHA, improving its stability in intestinal media and allowing its passage through the intestinal barrier after oral force-fed administration, while maintaining its biological activity. Therefore, SNEDDS-IP-DHA is a promising future preventive treatment for dry AMD and STGD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Vincent
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.V.); (L.S.); (P.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Laurianne Simon
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.V.); (L.S.); (P.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Philippe Brabet
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INSERM U1051, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Philippe Legrand
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.V.); (L.S.); (P.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Christophe Dorandeu
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.V.); (L.S.); (P.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Josephine Lai Kee Him
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U1054, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Céline Crauste
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sylvie Begu
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (M.V.); (L.S.); (P.L.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (C.C.); (S.B.)
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8
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Franks RR, King D, Bodine W, Chisari E, Heller A, Jamal F, Luksch J, Quinn K, Singh R, Solomon M. AOASM Position Statement on Esports, Active Video Gaming, and the Role of the Sports Medicine Physician. Clin J Sport Med 2022; 32:e221-e229. [PMID: 35470342 PMCID: PMC9042337 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Electronic sports, or esports, has a global audience of over 300 million fans and is increasing in popularity, resulting in projected revenue of over $1 billion by the end of this past year. The global pandemic of 2020 had little to no effect on these increasing numbers because athletes have been able to continue to engage in sports because of its electronic nature and fans have been able to follow them virtually. Esports has been recognized as an organized sport by the International Olympic Committee, the US National Collegiate Athletic Association, and several secondary school athletic associations within the United States. In addition, professional teams have been established in several major cities within the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. With the growth of esports, the necessity of incorporating esports medicine into the practice of sports medicine physicians has become paramount. Esports can be played on a monitor or screen and played using physical activity in what has become known as active video gaming. Within both of these platforms, there have emerged certain conditions unique to esports. There are also certain conditions seen in other sports applicable to esports athletes. This document will review the evaluation of the esports athlete, introduce conditions unique to these athletes and review common conditions seen in esports, discuss diagnostics used in the evaluation of esports athletes, introduce treatment options for conditions unique to esports and review those for commonly seen injuries in esports, discuss prevention of injuries in esports, and introduce a framework for the future development of esports medicine that can be introduced into the daily practice of the sports medicine physician.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Warren Bodine
- Greater Lawrence Family Health Center, Lawrence, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alan Heller
- Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Faraz Jamal
- Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey
| | - John Luksch
- Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kate Quinn
- Maine Medical Partners Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Portland, Maine
| | - Raunak Singh
- Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey
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9
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Filtering blue light mitigates the deleterious effects induced by the oxidative stress in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2022; 217:108978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Jin HL, Jeong KW. Transcriptome Analysis of Long-Term Exposure to Blue Light in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:291-297. [PMID: 35074938 PMCID: PMC9047491 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a type of progressive blindness that is primarily due to dysfunction and the loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The accumulation of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E), a by-product of the visual cycle, causes RPE and photoreceptor degeneration that impairs vision. Genes associated with dry AMD have been identified using a blue light model of A2E accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium and transcriptomic studies of retinal tissue from patients with AMD. However, dry macular degeneration progresses slowly, and current approaches cannot reveal changes in gene transcription according to stages of AMD progression. Thus, they are limited in terms of identifying genes responsible for pathogenesis. Here, we created a model of long-term exposure to identify temporally-dependent changes in gene expression induced in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) exposed to blue light and a non-cytotoxic dose of A2E for 120 days. We identified stage-specific genes at 40, 100, and 120 days, respectively. The expression of genes corresponding to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the early stage, glycolysis and angiogenesis during the middle stage, and apoptosis and inflammation pathways during the late stage was significantly altered by A2E and blue light. Changes in the expression of genes at the late stages of the EMT were similar to those found in human eyes with late-stage AMD. Our results provide further insight into the pathogenesis of dry AMD induced by blue light and a novel model in vitro with which relevant genes can be identified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kwang Won Jeong
- Gachon Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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11
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Yakovleva MA, Feldman TB, Lyakhova KN, Utina DM, Kolesnikova IA, Vinogradova YV, Molokanov AG, Ostrovsky MA. Ionized Radiation-Mediated Retinoid Oxidation in the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium of the Murine Eye. Radiat Res 2021; 197:270-279. [PMID: 34879150 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00069.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of proton and gamma-ray ionizing radiation on the mouse eye. The aim of this work was to analyze radiation-mediated retinoid oxidation in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The findings from this analysis can be used to develop a noninvasive method for rapid assessment of the effects of ionizing radiation. Comparative fluorescence and chromatographic analyses of retinoids before and after irradiations were performed. The fluorescent properties of chloroform extracts from irradiated mouse retina and RPE exhibited an increase in fluorescence intensity in the short-wave region of the spectrum (λ < 550 nm). This change is due to increased retinal and RPE retinoid oxidation and degradation products after radiation exposure. Comparative analyses of radiation effects demonstrated that the effect of proton exposure on the retina and RPE was higher than that of gamma-ray exposure. The present study revealed a new approach to assessing the level of radiation exposure in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Yakovleva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana B Feldman
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina N Lyakhova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Dina M Utina
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Inna A Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Alexander G Molokanov
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
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12
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Zhang D, Mihai DM, Washington I. Vitamin A cycle byproducts explain retinal damage and molecular changes thought to initiate retinal degeneration. Biol Open 2021; 10:273577. [PMID: 34842275 PMCID: PMC8649638 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the most prevalent retinal diseases, including Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), byproducts of vitamin A form in the retina abnormally during the vitamin A cycle. Despite evidence of their toxicity, whether these vitamin A cycle byproducts contribute to retinal disease, are symptoms, beneficial, or benign has been debated. We delivered a representative vitamin A byproduct, A2E, to the rat's retina and monitored electrophysiological, histological, proteomic, and transcriptomic changes. We show that the vitamin A cycle byproduct is sufficient alone to damage the RPE, photoreceptor inner and outer segments, and the outer plexiform layer, cause the formation of sub-retinal debris, alter transcription and protein synthesis, and diminish retinal function. The presented data are consistent with the theory that the formation of vitamin A byproducts during the vitamin A cycle is neither benign nor beneficial but may be sufficient alone to cause the most prevalent forms of retinal disease. Retarding the formation of vitamin A byproducts could potentially address the root cause of several retinal diseases to eliminate the threat of irreversible blindness for millions of people. Summary: During the vitamin A cycle, byproducts of vitamin A form in the eye. Using a rat model, we show that the byproducts alone can explain several retinal derangements observed in the prodromal phase of human retinal disease. Retarding the formation of these byproducts may address the root cause of the most prevalent retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Columbia University Medical Center, Ophthalmology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Doina M Mihai
- Columbia University Medical Center, Ophthalmology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ilyas Washington
- Columbia University Medical Center, Ophthalmology, New York, NY 10032, USA.,biOOrg3.14, Buffalo, WY 82834, USA
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13
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Miralles de Imperial-Ollero JA, Gallego-Ortega A, Ortín-Martínez A, Villegas-Pérez MP, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Vidal-Sanz M. Animal Models of LED-Induced Phototoxicity. Short- and Long-Term In Vivo and Ex Vivo Retinal Alterations. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111137. [PMID: 34833013 PMCID: PMC8617611 DOI: 10.3390/life11111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototoxicity animal models have been largely studied due to their degenerative communalities with human pathologies, e.g., age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies have documented not only the effects of white light exposure, but also other wavelengths using LEDs, such as blue or green light. Recently, a blue LED-induced phototoxicity (LIP) model has been developed that causes focal damage in the outer layers of the superior-temporal region of the retina in rodents. In vivo studies described a progressive reduction in retinal thickness that affected the most extensively the photoreceptor layer. Functionally, a transient reduction in a- and b-wave amplitude of the ERG response was observed. Ex vivo studies showed a progressive reduction of cones and an involvement of retinal pigment epithelium cells in the area of the lesion and, in parallel, an activation of microglial cells that perfectly circumscribe the damage in the outer retinal layer. The use of neuroprotective strategies such as intravitreal administration of trophic factors, e.g., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and topical administration of the selective alpha-2 agonist (Brimonidine) have demonstrated to increase the survival of the cone population after LIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Miralles de Imperial-Ollero
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
| | - Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
| | - Arturo Ortín-Martínez
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - María Paz Villegas-Pérez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
| | - Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
- Correspondence: (F.J.V.-S.); (M.V.-S.); Tel.: +34-868-88-4503 (F.J.V-S.); +34-868-88-4330 (M.V.-S.)
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.M.d.I.-O.); (A.G.-O.); (M.P.V.-P.)
- Correspondence: (F.J.V.-S.); (M.V.-S.); Tel.: +34-868-88-4503 (F.J.V-S.); +34-868-88-4330 (M.V.-S.)
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14
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Checa-Ros A, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite D, Edson-Scott A, Carr B, Cerquiglini A, Seri S. Efficacy of color lenses in abolishing photosensitivity: Beyond the one-type-fits-all approach? Epilepsy Behav 2021; 124:108332. [PMID: 34619544 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Red-light filtering lenses represent an additional option to medication in photosensitive epilepsy. Blue lenses (Clarlet Z1 F133) can dramatically reduce seizure frequency, with a substantial restriction in luminance that can limit their applicability in daily life. We investigated the efficacy of 4 blue lenses with higher transmittance and reduced chromatic distortion in abolishing the photoparoxysmal EEG response (PPR) compared to the gold-standard Z1 lenses. METHODS We reviewed EEG data during photic-and pattern stimulation in 19 consecutive patients (6-39 years) with photosensitivity (PS). Stimulation was performed at baseline and while wearing Z1 and the four new lenses. Lenses were tested in the same session by asking the patient to wear them in a sequentially randomized fashion while stimulating again with the most provocative photic/pattern stimuli. The primary outcome was the change in the initial PPR observed for each lens, categorized as no change, reduction, and abolition. RESULTS Photosensitivity was detected in 17 subjects (89.5%); pattern sensitivity (PtS) was identified in 14 patients (73.7%). The highest percentages of PPR abolition/reduction were observed with Z1, for both PS and PtS. Regarding the new lenses, B1 + G1 offered the best rates, followed by B1 + G2. B1 + G3 and B1 showed lower efficacy rates, particularly for PtS. In the comparative analysis, no significant differences in PPR suppression were detected between the five lenses for PS. For PtS, the capacity of Z1 for PPR abolition was significantly higher compared with B1 + G3 and B1. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests efficacy of the new group of blue lenses with potentially greater tolerability, particularly in regions with fewer sunlight hours during winter. In line with the current trend for personalized approach to treatment, this study suggests that in some patients there might be scope in extending the testing to offer the lens with the higher transmittance effective in abolishing the PPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Checa-Ros
- Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite
- Department of Neurosurgery and Epilepsy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Nesmos Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza Università, Roma, Italy
| | - A Edson-Scott
- Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - B Carr
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Cerquiglini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico Chirurgiche, Facoltà di Farmacia e Medicina Polo Pontino, Sapienza Università, Roma, Italy
| | - S Seri
- Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
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15
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Xie T, Cai J, Yao Y, Sun C, Yang Q, Wu M, Xu Z, Sun X, Wang X. LXA4 protects against blue-light induced retinal degeneration in human A2E-laden RPE cells and Balb-c mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1249. [PMID: 34532386 PMCID: PMC8421929 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of permanent visual impairment in the elderly. Blue light (BL) has been reported to cause retinal damage and contribute to the onset and development of severe AMD. N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E), a lipofuscin fluorophore, accumulates with ageing in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Once exposed to BL, A2E easily oxidizes to A2E-epoxides, causing oxidative-stress injury to the retina. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), an endogenous anti-antioxidant lipid, plays a key role in multiple organs by binding to the formyl-peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1). This study examined the protective effects of LXA4 on oxidative-stress injury induced by BL exposure, and clarified the underlying mechanisms in cultured RPE cells and Balb-c mice. Methods LXA4 diluent was orally administered to mice before retinal degeneration was established. Optical coherence tomography, retinal histology, and RPE cell injury were assessed. Results LXA4 administration significantly ameliorated retinal damage as evidenced by the thicknesses of the retinal layers and the tight junctions of RPE cells in vivo. LXA4 inhibited BL-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced tight junctions, and the death of A2E-laden RPE cells. LXA4 also potently increased the expression of haem oxygenase-1 (HO1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), probably by decreasing the association between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and Kelch-like ECH (Epichlorohydrin) -associated protein 1 (Keap1), and ameliorating NRF2 nuclear translocation and the antioxidant response element (ARE) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) binding activity. Conclusions Our results showed that LXA4 ameliorated retinal degeneration, and should be considered in the prevention and treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meili Wu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zifan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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16
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Arunkumar R, Gorusupudi A, Li B, Blount JD, Nwagbo U, Kim HJ, Sparrow JR, Bernstein PS. Lutein and zeaxanthin reduce A2E and iso-A2E levels and improve visual performance in Abca4 -/-/Bco2 -/- double knockout mice. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108680. [PMID: 34161819 PMCID: PMC8595537 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of bisretinoids such as A2E and its isomer iso-A2E is thought to mediate blue light-induced oxidative damage associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1). We hypothesize that increasing dietary intake of the macular carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin in individuals at risk of AMD and STGD1 can inhibit the formation of bisretinoids A2E and iso-A2E, which can potentially ameliorate macular degenerative diseases. To study the beneficial effect of macular carotenoids in a retinal degenerative diseases model, we used ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A member 4 (Abca4-/-)/β,β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase 2 (Bco2-/-) double knockout (KO) mice that accumulate elevated levels of A2E and iso-A2E in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and macular carotenoids in the retina. Abca4-/-/Bco2-/- and Abca4-/- mice were fed a lutein-supplemented chow, zeaxanthin-supplemented chow or placebo chow (~2.6 mg of carotenoid/mouse/day) for three months. Visual function and electroretinography (ERG) were measured after one month and three months of carotenoid supplementation. The lutein and zeaxanthin supplemented Abca4-/-/Bco2-/- mice had significantly lower levels of RPE/choroid A2E and iso-A2E compared to control mice fed with placebo chow and improved visual performance. Carotenoid supplementation in Abca4-/- mice minimally raised retinal carotenoid levels and did not show much difference in bisretinoid levels or visual function compared to the control diet group. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between carotenoid levels in the retina and A2E and iso-A2E levels in the RPE/choroid. Supplementation with retinal carotenoids, especially zeaxanthin, effectively inhibits bisretinoid formation in a mouse model of STGD1 genetically enhanced to accumulate carotenoids in the retina. These results provide further impetus to pursue oral carotenoids as therapeutic interventions for STGD1 and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganathan Arunkumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Aruna Gorusupudi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Binxing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J David Blount
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Uzoamaka Nwagbo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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17
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Yang D, Rong R, Yang R, You M, Wang M, Li H, Ji D. CaMK II -induced Drp1 phosphorylation contributes to blue light-induced AIF-mediated necroptosis in retinal R28 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:113-120. [PMID: 33940381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinal damage caused by blue light has become an important public health concern. Mitochondria have been found to play a key role in light-induced retinal cell death. In this study, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism involved in mitochondrion-related retinal cell damage caused by blue light, the major component of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Our results show that blue light (450 nm, 300lux)-induced R28 cell death is caspase independent and can be attenuated by necrostatin-1. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) cleavage and translocation to the nucleus are involved in the cell death progress. Blue light exposure causes mitochondrial fragmentation, which is mediated by phosphorylation at dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) Ser616 site, but it does not alter the protein levels of fission or fusion machinery. Knocking down Drp1 or treatment with Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 protects R28 cells from blue light. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is induced by blue light. The ROS scavenger Trolox decreases Drp1 Ser616 phosphorylation level and mitochondrial fragmentation upon blue light exposure. Moreover, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN93 blocks Drp1 phosphorylation and rescues mitochondrial fragmentation and AIF-mediated cell death caused by blue light. In conclusion, our data suggest that the CaMKII-Drp1 pathway plays a major role in blue light-induced AIF-mediated retinal cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yang
- The School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rongliang Yang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengling You
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mengxiao Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Dan Ji
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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18
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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Blue-Light-Induced Damage to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Zebrafish In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031338. [PMID: 33572787 PMCID: PMC7866289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the progressive degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retina, and choriocapillaris among elderly individuals and is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in retinal tissue activated by blue light exposure is important for developing novel treatment and intervention strategies. In this study, blue-light-emitting diodes with a wavelength of 440 nm were applied to RPE cells at a dose of 3.7 ± 0.75 mW/cm2 for 24 h. ARPE-19 cells were used to investigate the underlying mechanism induced by blue light exposure. A trypan blue exclusion assay was used for the cell viability determination. Flow cytometry was used for apoptosis rate detection and autophagy analysis. An immunofluorescence microscopy analysis was used to investigate cellular oxidative stress and DNA damage using DCFDA fluorescence staining and an anti-γH2AX antibody. Blue light exposure of zebrafish larvae was established to investigate the effect on retinal tissue development in vivo. To further demonstrate the comprehensive effect of blue light on ARPE-19 cells, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed for an ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to reveal additional related mechanisms. The results showed that blue light exposure caused a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells in a time-dependent manner. Oxidative stress increased during the early stage of 2 h of exposure and activated DNA damage in ARPE-19 cells after 8 h. Furthermore, autophagy was activated in response to blue light exposure at 24-48 h. The zebrafish larvae model showed the unfavorable effect of blue light in prohibiting retinal tissue development. The RNA-Seq results confirmed that blue light induced cell death and participated in tissue growth inhibition and maturation. The current study reveals the mechanisms by which blue light induces cell death in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, both the in vivo and NGS data uncovered blue light's effect on retinal tissue development, suggesting that exposing children to blue light could be relatively dangerous. These results could benefit the development of preventive strategies utilizing herbal medicine-based treatments for eye diseases or degeneration in the future.
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19
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Ruan Y, Jiang S, Gericke A. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role of Oxidative Stress and Blood Vessels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031296. [PMID: 33525498 PMCID: PMC7866075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common irreversible ocular disease characterized by vision impairment among older people. Many risk factors are related to AMD and interact with each other in its pathogenesis. Notably, oxidative stress and choroidal vascular dysfunction were suggested to be critically involved in AMD pathogenesis. In this review, we give an overview on the factors contributing to the pathophysiology of this multifactorial disease and discuss the role of reactive oxygen species and vascular function in more detail. Moreover, we give an overview on therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ruan
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-178-276 (Y.R. & A.G.)
| | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-178-276 (Y.R. & A.G.)
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20
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Ravera S, Esposito A, Degan P, Caicci F, Manni L, Liguori A, Bisio A, Iobbi V, Schito A, Traverso CE, Panfoli I. The diterpene Manool extracted from Salvia tingitana lowers free radical production in retinal rod outer segments by inhibiting the extramitochondrial F 1 F o ATP synthase. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:528-535. [PMID: 33472276 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled oxidative stress production, especially in the outer retina is one of the causes of retinal degenerations. Mitochondria are considered the principal source of oxidative stress. However, a Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI) production in the retinal photoreceptor layer seems to depend also on the expression of an extramitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) machinery in the rod outer segments (OS). In fact, OS conduct aerobic metabolism, producing ATP through oxygen consumption, although it is devoid of mitochondria. As diterpenes display an antioxidant effect, we have evaluated the effect Manool, extracted from Salvia tingitana, on the extramitochondrial OxPhos and the ROI production in the retinal rod OS. Results confirm that the OxPhos machinery is ectopically expressed in the OS and that F1 Fo -ATP synthase is a target of Manool, which inhibited the OS ATP synthesis, binding the F1 moiety with high affinity, as analysed by molecular docking. Moreover, the overall slowdown of OxPhos metabolism reduced the ROI production elicited in the OS by light exposure, in vitro. In conclusion, data are consistent with the antioxidant properties of Salvia spp., suggesting its ability to lower oxidative stress production, a primary risk factor for degenerative retinal diseases. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Here we show that Manool, a diterpene extracted from Salvia tingitana has the potential to lower the free radical production by light-exposed rod outer segments in vitro, by specifically targeting the rod OS F1 Fo -ATP synthase belonging to the extramitochondrial OxPhos expressed on the disk membrane. The chosen experimental model allowed to show that the rod OS is a primary producer of oxidative stress linked to the pathogenesis of degenerative retinal diseases. Data are also consistent with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of Salvia spp., suggesting a beneficial effect also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alfonso Esposito
- Centro di Biologia Integrata (CIBIO), Università di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- UOC Mutagenesi, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino -IST (Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro), Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Caicci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Manni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Bisio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Iobbi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Schito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Panfoli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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21
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Hamba N, Gerbi A, Tesfaye S. Histopathological effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure on the ocular structures in animal studies –literature review. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2020.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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22
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Ravera S, Esposito A, Degan P, Caicci F, Calzia D, Perrotta E, Manni L, Bisio A, Iobbi V, Schito A, Traverso CE, Panfoli I. Sclareol modulates free radical production in the retinal rod outer segment by inhibiting the ectopic f 1f o-atp synthase. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:368-375. [PMID: 32853720 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the retinal rod outer segments (OS) produce reactive oxygen species in the function of illumination in vitro, establishing a relationship among the extra-mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and phototransduction. This source of oxidative stress in the OS can be modulated by polyphenols, acting as inhibitors of F1Fo-ATP synthase. The present study aimed at exploring whether sclareol, a diterpene, interacts with F1Fo-ATP synthase mitigating the light-induced free radical production in the rod OS. Characterization of bovine retinal sections was conducted by immunogold analysis. Reactive oxygen intermediates production, oxygen consumption, the activity of the four respiratory complexes and ATP synthesis were evaluated in purified bovine rod OS. Molecular docking analyses were also conducted. Sclareol reduced free radical production by light-exposed rod OS. Such antioxidant effect was associated with an inhibition of the respiratory complexes and oxygen consumption (OCR), in coupled conditions. Sclareol also inhibited the rod OS ATP synthetic ability. Since the inhibitor effect on respiratory complexes and OCR is not observed in uncoupled conditions, it is supposed that the modulating effect of sclareol on the ectopic oxidative phosphorylation in the rod OS targets specifically the F1Fo-ATP synthase. This hypothesis is confirmed by the in silico molecular docking analyses, which shows that sclareol binds the F1 moiety of ATP synthase with high affinity. In conclusion, a beneficial effect of sclareol can be envisaged as a modulator of oxidative stress in the photoreceptor, a risk factor for the degenerative retinal diseases, suggestive of its potential beneficial action also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Alfonso Esposito
- Centro di Biologia Integrata (CIBIO), Università di Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- UOC Mutagenesi, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino -IST, Istituto Nazionale per La Ricerca Sul Cancro), Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Caicci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, V.le Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Perrotta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Manni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Bisio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, V.le Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Iobbi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, V.le Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Schito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica, (DINOGMI) Università di Genova, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, V.le Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy.
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Tong Y, Wang S. Not All Stressors Are Equal: Mechanism of Stressors on RPE Cell Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591067. [PMID: 33330470 PMCID: PMC7710875 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.591067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly population. Dysfunction and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer in the retina underscore the pathogenesis of both dry and wet AMD. Advanced age, cigarette smoke and genetic factors have been found to be the prominent risk factors for AMD, which point to an important role for oxidative stress and aging in AMD pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms whereby oxidative stress and aging lead to RPE cell degeneration are still unclear. As cell senescence and cell death are the major outcomes from oxidative stress and aging, here we review the mechanisms of RPE cell senescence and different kinds of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, with an aim to clarify how RPE cell degeneration could occur in response to AMD-related stresses, including H2O2, 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), N-retinylidene-N-retinyl-ethanolamine (A2E), Alu RNA and amyloid β (Aβ). Besides those, sodium iodate (NaIO3) induced RPE cell degeneration is also discussed in this review. Although NaIO3 itself is not related to AMD, this line of study would help understand the mechanism of RPE degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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24
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Xie C, Zhu H, Chen S, Wen Y, Jin L, Zhang L, Tong J, Shen Y. Chronic retinal injury induced by white LED light with different correlated color temperatures as determined by microarray analyses of genome-wide expression patterns in mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 210:111977. [PMID: 32738749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Widely used white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) currently deliver higher levels of blue light than conventional domestic light sources. The high intensity of the blue component is the main source of concern regarding possible health risks of LED to chronic light toxicity to the retina. Therefore, we analyzed retinal injury and genome-wide changes in gene expression induced by white LED light with different correlated color temperatures (CCTs) in a mouse model. Balb/c mice (10 weeks old) were exposed to LED light with CCTs of 2954, 5624, and 7378 K, at different illuminance levels (250, 500, 1000, and 3000 lx) and for different exposure times (7, 14, and 28 days). Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that exposure to 7378 K light at 250 lx for 28 days resulted in a significant reduction of outer nuclear layer (ONL) nuclei, whereas 2954 K light at <3000 lx led to only a mild reduction in the number of ONL nuclei. In addition, 5624 and 7378 K light at 3000 lx resulted in a significant increase in TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei, which was not found at an illuminance of 1000 lx. Genome-wide expression analyses showed that, compared to a control group, there were 121 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 458 downregulated DEGs found in the 7378 K group, and 59 upregulated and only 4 downregulated DEGs in the 2954 K group. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were involved in 341 GO terms and 16 related pathways for the 7378 K group and in 12 GO terms and 7 related pathways for the 2954 K group. Signal pathways related to ubiquitin potentially played an important role in light-induced retinal degeneration. Furthermore, retinal immunohistochemistry (IHC) indicated downregulation of ubiquitin and autophagy function caused by 7378 K light. Taken together, these results indicate that retinal injury in the mice induced by white LED light occurred in a CCT-dependent manner, and that light with a higher CCT was more likely to reduce ONL nuclei; however, the apoptosis pathway may not be the only mechanism involved. Based on genome-wide expression analyses and retinal IHC, the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis signal pathway may have participated in the induction retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, TONGDE, Hospital of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingying Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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25
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Zores‐Koenig C, Kuhn P, Caeymaex L, Allen A, Berne‐Audeoud F, Bouvard C, Brandicourt A, Casper C, Denoual H, Duboz MA, Evrard A, Fichtner C, Fischer‐Fumeaux C, Girard L, Gonnaud F, Haumont D, Hüppi P, Knezovic N, Laprugne‐Garcia E, Legouais S, Mons F, Pelofy V, Picaud J, Pierrat V, Pladys P, Renaud A, Renesme L, Sizun J, Souet G, Thiriez G, Tourneux P, Touzet M, Truffert P, Zaoui C, Zana‐Taieb E. Recommendations on neonatal light environment from the French Neonatal Society. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1292-1301. [PMID: 31955460 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hospital light may affect neonatal neurosensory development and the well-being of parents and caregivers. We aimed to issue practical recommendations regarding the optimal light environment for neonatal units. METHODS A systematic evaluation was performed using PubMed to identify relevant papers published in English or French up to July 2018, and the different grades of evidence were evaluated. RESULTS We identified 89 studies and one meta-analysis and examined 31 eligible studies. The major results were that natural or artificial light should not exceed 1000 lux and that all changes in light level should be gradual. Light protection should be used for infants of <32 weeks of postmenstrual age and but must be individualised to each infant. Infants should not be exposed to continuous high light levels regardless of their term and postnatal age. Cycled light before discharge seemed to be safe and beneficial. For medical caregivers' well-being, higher light levels and access to natural light are recommended. Special attention should be given to protecting neonatal patients from high light levels that may be necessary when performing specific care procedures. CONCLUSION Consideration of general principles and practical applications can improve the neonatal light environment for newborn infants, parents and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Zores‐Koenig
- Médecine et Réanimation du Nouveau‐né Hôpital de Hautepierre CHU Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212 CNRS et Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Pierre Kuhn
- Médecine et Réanimation du Nouveau‐né Hôpital de Hautepierre CHU Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212 CNRS et Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Laurence Caeymaex
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil Créteil France
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26
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Kim J, Cho K, Choung SY. Protective effect of Prunella vulgaris var. L extract against blue light induced damages in ARPE-19 cells and mouse retina. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:622-631. [PMID: 31811921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of leading causes that induce severe visual impairment and loss in the elderly. Previous studies have suggested that blue light (BL) could induce retinal degeneration, which is a major cause of the onset and development of severe AMD. In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, A2E, a lipofuscin fluorophore, is accumulated with aging. When A2E is exposed to BL, it is easily oxidized to A2E-epoxides, leading to oxidative stress and inflammatory response in retina. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effect of Prunella vulagris (P.V) extract against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by BL, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in the cultured RPE cells and balb-c mice. In both model studies, P.V extract activated NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, followed by inhibition of ROS/MDA production, GSH depletion and reduction in SOD activity. Furthermore, P.V extract inhibited upregulation of inflammatory related genes (interlukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A)) and BL induced RPE cell death, determined by cell viability and histological analyses. The mechanism of protection against inflammation by P.V extract involves inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) along with degradation of NF-kB inhibitor alpha (IkB alpha). The results suggest that P.V extract could be a potential intervention to prevent the onset and development of severe AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungwon Cho
- Chong Kun Dang Healthcare Corporation, 47, Beodeunaru-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Mylona I, Deres ES, Dere GDS, Tsinopoulos I, Glynatsis M. The Impact of Internet and Videogaming Addiction on Adolescent Vision: A Review of the Literature. Front Public Health 2020; 8:63. [PMID: 32195219 PMCID: PMC7066070 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, vision problems that were attributed to the use of electronic screens have gradually shifted from being a workplace health issue to a wider public health issue. “Computer vision syndrome” originally related to the few professionals exposed to long hours of work in front of a computer screen. The widespread use of digital screens in devices used throughout the day have led to the emergence of “digital eye strain” as a new clinical syndrome that affects every individual who spends a large period of time fixated on multiple screens, for work or leisure. A new subcategory, “video game vision” has been proposed to specifically address vision issues related to large periods of continuous use of screen enabled devices in order to play video games. With gaming disorder being included in the next version of the WHO classification of diseases (ICD-11), it is becoming increasingly important to have a clear idea of the impact of this disorder in general health and functioning. At the same time, a number of research studies have reported positive impact of videogame playing on the players vision. This article reviews the latest research studies on the impact of digital screen enabled devices on adolescent vision in light of the increasing reports of internet addiction and gaming disorder while referencing positive findings of videogaming on vision in order to provide a balanced approach and assist with classification, diagnosis and treatment, while providing directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mylona
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Ophthalmology Department, "Hippokration" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis Tsinopoulos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mikes Glynatsis
- Ophthalmology Department, "Hippokration" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Jo YD, Kim J, Choung SY. Protective effects of quercetin-3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside against UVA induced apoptosis via regulating inflammatory pathways in ARPE-19 cells and Balb/c mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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29
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Chen JL, Hung CT, Keller JJ, Lin HC, Wu YJ. Proteomic analysis of retinal pigment epithelium cells after exposure to UVA radiation. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 31375076 PMCID: PMC6679551 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness and severe vision loss in developed countries and is responsible for 8.7% of blindness globally. Ultraviolet radiation can induce DNA breakdown, produce reactive oxygen species, and has been implicated as a risk factor for AMD. This study investigated the effects of UVA radiation on Human retinal pigment epithelial cell (ARPE-19) growth and protein expression. Methods ARPE-19 cells were irradiated with a UVA lamp at different doses (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 J/cm2) from 10 cm. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Visual inspection was first achieved with inverted light microscopy and then the DeadEnd™ Fluorometric TUNEL System was used to observe nuclear DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometry based-Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining was used to further quantify cellular viability. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed with JC-1 staining. 2D electrophoresis maps of exposed cells were compared to nonexposed cells and gel images analyzed with PDQuest 2-D Analysis Software. Spots with greater than a 1.5-fold difference were selected for LC-MS/MS analysis and some confirmed by western blot. We further investigated whether caspase activation, apoptotic-related mitochondrial proteins, and regulators of ER stress sensors were involved in UVA-induced apoptosis. Results We detected 29 differentially expressed proteins (9 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated) in the exposed cells. Some of these proteins such as CALR, GRP78, NPM, Hsp27, PDI, ATP synthase subunit alpha, PRDX1, and GAPDH are associated with anti-proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and oxidative-stress protection. We also detected altered protein expression levels among caspases (caspase 3 and 9) and in the mitochondrial (cytosolic cytochrome C, AIF, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bad, and p-Bad) and ER stress-related (p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP) apoptotic pathways. Conclusions UVA irradiation suppressed the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells in a dose-dependent manner, caused quantitative loses in transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), and induced both early and late apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Liang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tzu Hung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Jordan Keller
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Master's Program, College of Health Technology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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30
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Oddone E, Taino G, Vita S, Schimd M, Frigerio F, Imbriani M. Macular degeneration: peculiar sunlight exposure in an agricultural worker. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2019; 110:241-245. [PMID: 31268431 PMCID: PMC7812542 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v110i3.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Occupational exposure to sunlight, in particular to blue light (wavelength of 380-550 nm), is a risk factor for several pathologies, including chronic retinal photochemical damage and, more specifically, age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Moreover, in addition to the effect of blue light, there is evidence about the role of near ultraviolet light (UV-A) as a risk factor for AMD since, given the wavelength, a precise “turning point” between effect and no effect is not definable. Methods and results: This work reports the case of a woman employed in the agricultural sector from 15 to 25 years of age, with no significant occupational exposure to other risk factors for AMD, who later developed this pathology. The case is of particular interest given that she worked as a “mondina”, a task involving the transplanting of young rice seedlings into water-flooded fields and manual weed control. This practice, although replaced by the introduction of pesticides, entailed the exposure to sunlight reflection on the water surface in addition to direct exposure to natural light. Conclusion: This brief case-report points out that occupational exposure to the short wavelength component of visible light and UV-A deserve further attention regarding preventive measures and the adoption of adequate personal protective equipment, in particular in productive sectors involving lengthy eye exposure to solar radiation and to the reflectance of surrounding surfaces. Furthermore, the cases of AMD and cataract should receive a complete and accurate occupational anamnesis for a more proper recognition of the possible role of occupational solar radiation exposure in the induction of the disease.
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31
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Baksheeva VE, Tiulina VV, Tikhomirova NK, Gancharova OS, Komarov SV, Philippov PP, Zamyatnin AA, Senin II, Zernii EY. Suppression of Light-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Retina by Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 8:E3. [PMID: 30577635 PMCID: PMC6356525 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins provokes retinal injuries and results in progression of degenerative retinal diseases, such as, for instance, iatrogenic photic maculopathies. Having accumulated over years retinal injuries contribute to development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Antioxidant treatment is regarded as a promising approach to protecting the retina from light damage and AMD. Here, we examine oxidative processes induced in rabbit retina by excessive light illumination with or without premedication using mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenyl-phosphonium). The retinal extracts obtained from animals euthanized within 1⁻7 days post exposure were analyzed for H₂O₂, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant activity (AOA), and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) using colorimetric and luminescence assays. Oxidation of visual arrestin was monitored by immunoblotting. The light exposure induced lipid peroxidation and H₂O₂ accumulation in the retinal cells. Unexpectedly, it prominently upregulated AOA in retinal extracts although SOD and GPx activities were compromised. These alterations were accompanied by accumulation of disulfide dimers of arrestin revealing oxidative stress in the photoreceptors. Premedication of the eyes with SkQ1 accelerated normalization of H₂O₂ levels and redox-status of lipids and proteins, contemporarily enhancing AOA and, likely, sustaining normal activity of GPx. Thus, SkQ1 protects the retina from light-induced oxidative stress and could be employed to suppress oxidative damage of proteins and lipids contributing to AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Veronika V Tiulina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Natalia K Tikhomirova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Olga S Gancharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Komarov
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals, Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow 109472, Russia.
| | - Pavel P Philippov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ivan I Senin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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32
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Absorption of blue light by cigarette smoke components is highly toxic for retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:453-465. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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Trang N, Lalonde G, Dubé Y, Bourgault S, Rochette PJ. Short wavelengths filtering properties of sunglasses on the Canadian market: are we protected? Can J Ophthalmol 2018; 53:104-109. [PMID: 29631819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to solar radiation is a risk factor for multiple ocular pathologies. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is involved in ocular diseases, including pterygium, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, and cataracts. High-energy visible light (HEV) is associated with age-related macular degeneration. Ocular protection against solar radiation seems essential to protect our eyes against the adverse effects of those harmful rays. Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and the United States are the only regions with mandatory standards for UV transmission for sunglasses. Adherence to Canadian standards by sunglasses manufacturers is not mandatory. In this study, we evaluated the UV and visible transmission of sunglasses in the Canadian market to test their compliance with Canadian standards. METHODS The transmittance of 207 pairs of sunglasses, divided in 3 categories according to their price range, was measured. RESULTS We show that close to 100% of the sunglasses tested respect the Canadian standards. The average HEV transmittance is around 10%, regardless the price range. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that even if following Canadian standards is optional, most sunglasses sold on the Canadian market follow national and international standards. We also found that sunglasses filter around 90% of HEV. With the recent findings on the potential effects of HEV in retinal pathologies, we can ask whether this filtering capacity is sufficient to protect eyes from harmful HEV light. More work needs to be done to determine acceptable HEV light transmission limits to the existing Canadian standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Trang
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que; Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Que
| | - Gilles Lalonde
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - Yolande Dubé
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - Serge Bourgault
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - Patrick J Rochette
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Que; Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Québec, Que; Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Que; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, Que.
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Ao J, Wood JP, Chidlow G, Gillies MC, Casson RJ. Retinal pigment epithelium in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration and photobiomodulation as a potential therapy? Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 46:670-686. [PMID: 29205705 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) comprises a monolayer of cells located between the neuroretina and the choriocapillaries. The RPE serves several important functions in the eye: formation of the blood-retinal barrier, protection of the retina from oxidative stress, nutrient delivery and waste disposal, ionic homeostasis, phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments, synthesis and release of growth factors, reisomerization of all-trans-retinal during the visual cycle, and establishment of ocular immune privilege. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Dysfunction of the RPE has been associated with the pathogenesis of AMD in relation to increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial destabilization and complement dysregulation. Photobiomodulation or near infrared light therapy which refers to non-invasive irradiation of tissue with light in the far-red to near-infrared light spectrum (630-1000 nm), is an intervention that specifically targets key mechanisms of RPE dysfunction that are implicated in AMD pathogenesis. The current evidence for the efficacy of photobiomodulation in AMD is poor but its safety profile and proposed mechanisms of action motivate further research as a novel therapy for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ao
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Pm Wood
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Glyn Chidlow
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark C Gillies
- The Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lin CH, Wu MR, Li CH, Cheng HW, Huang SH, Tsai CH, Lin FL, Ho JD, Kang JJ, Hsiao G, Cheng YW. Editor's Highlight: Periodic Exposure to Smartphone-Mimic Low-Luminance Blue Light Induces Retina Damage Through Bcl-2/BAX-Dependent Apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2017; 157:196-210. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Fontaine V, Monteiro E, Brazhnikova E, Lesage L, Balducci C, Guibout L, Feraille L, Elena PP, Sahel JA, Veillet S, Lafont R. Norbixin Protects Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells and Photoreceptors against A2E-Mediated Phototoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167793. [PMID: 27992460 PMCID: PMC5161507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E, a toxic by-product of the visual pigment cycle) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a major cause of visual impairment in the elderly. Photooxidation of A2E results in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration followed by that of associated photoreceptors. Present treatments rely on nutrient supplementation with antioxidants. 9’-cis-Norbixin (a natural diapocarotenoid, 97% purity) was prepared from Bixa orellana seeds. It was first evaluated in primary cultures of porcine retinal pigment epithelium cells challenged with A2E and illuminated with blue light, and it provided an improved photo-protection as compared with lutein or zeaxanthin. In Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice (a model of dry AMD), intravitreally-injected norbixin maintained the electroretinogram and protected photoreceptors against light damage. In a standard rat blue-light model of photodamage, norbixin was at least equally as active as phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone, a free radical spin-trap. Chronic experiments performed with Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice treated orally for 3 months with norbixin showed a reduced A2E accumulation in the retina. Norbixin appears promising for developing an oral treatment of macular degeneration. A drug candidate (BIO201) with 9’-cis-norbixin as the active principle ingredient is under development, and its potential will be assessed in a forthcoming clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Fontaine
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Elodie Monteiro
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
| | - Elena Brazhnikova
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
| | - Laëtitia Lesage
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
| | - Christine Balducci
- Biophytis, Parc BIOCITECH, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, Romainville, France
| | - Louis Guibout
- Biophytis, Parc BIOCITECH, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, Romainville, France
| | | | | | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Veillet
- Biophytis, Parc BIOCITECH, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, Romainville, France
| | - René Lafont
- Biophytis, Parc BIOCITECH, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, Romainville, France
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Lee BL, Kang JH, Kim HM, Jeong SH, Jang DS, Jang YP, Choung SY. Polyphenol-enriched Vaccinium uliginosum L. fractions reduce retinal damage induced by blue light in A2E-laden ARPE19 cell cultures and mice. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1402-1414. [PMID: 27993192 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols exert beneficial effects on vision. We hypothesized that polyphenol components of Vaccinium uliginosum L. (V.U.) extract protect retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells against blue light-induced damage. Our aim was to test extracts containing polyphenol components to ascertain effects to reduce damage against blue light in RPEs. We measured the activity in fractions eluted from water, ethanol, and HP20 resin (FH), and found that the FH fraction had the highest beneficial activity. We isolated the individual active compounds from the FH fraction using chromatographic techniques, and found that FH contained flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenyl propanoids, and iridoids. Cell cultures of A2E-laden ARPE-19 exposed to blue light after treatment with V.U. extract fractions and their individual constituents indicated improvement. V uliginosum L extract fractions and constituent compounds significantly reduced A2E photo-oxidation-induced RPE cell death and inhibited intracellular A2E accumulation. Furthermore, Balb/c male mice were exposed to blue light at 10000 lux for 1 h/d for 2 weeks to induce retinal damage. One week after the final blue light exposure, retinal damage evaluated revealed that the outer nuclear layer thickness and nuclei count were improved. Histologic examination of murine photoreceptor cells demonstrated that FH, rich in polyphenols, inhibited the loss of outer nuclear layer thickness and nuclei. Our findings suggest that V.U. extract and eluted fractions are a potential source of bioactive compounds that potentially serve a therapeutic approach for age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bom-Lee Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee Jeong
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lu B, Sun T, Li W, Sun X, Yao X, Sun X. Piceatannol protects ARPE-19 cells against vitamin A dimer-mediated photo-oxidative damage through activation of Nrf2/NQO1 signalling. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived)-Related Factor 2-Associated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Protection under Blue Light-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8694641. [PMID: 27774118 PMCID: PMC5059614 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8694641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. It is a matter of increasing concern that exposure to light-emitting diodes (LED), particularly blue light (BL), damages retinal cells. This study aimed to investigate the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage caused by BL and to elucidate the role of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the pathogenesis of BL-induced RPE damage. Methods. ARPE-19, a human RPE cell line, and mouse primary RPE cells from wild-type and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice were cultured under blue LED exposure (intermediate wavelength, 450 nm). Cell death rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured. TUNEL staining was performed to detect apoptosis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on NRF2 mRNA, and western blotting was performed to detect Nrf2 proteins in the nucleus or cytoplasm of RPE cells. Results. BL exposure increased cell death rate and ROS generation in ARPE-19 cells in a time-dependent manner; cell death was caused by apoptosis. Moreover, BL exposure induced NRF2 mRNA upregulation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation in RPE. Cell death rate was significantly higher in RPE cells from Nrf2-/- mice than from wild-type mice. Conclusions. The Nrf2 pathway plays an important role in protecting RPE cells against BL-induced oxidative stress.
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Kang JH, Choung SY. Protective effects of resveratrol and its analogs on age-related macular degeneration in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1703-1715. [PMID: 27659166 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Damage of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by A2E may be critical for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) management. Accumulation and photooxidation of A2E are known to be one of the critical causes in AMD. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of resveratrol (RES), piceatannol (PIC) and RES glycones on blue-light-induced RPE cell death caused by A2E photooxidation. A2E treatment followed by blue light exposure caused significant damages on human RPE cells (ARPE-19). But the damages were attenuated by post- and pre-treatment of RES and PIC in our in vitro models. The results of cell free system and FAB-MS analysis clearly showed that the reduction of A2E by blue light exposure was significantly rescued, and that oxidized forms of A2E were significantly reduced by RES or PIC treatment. Besides, RES or PIC inhibited the intracellular accumulation of A2E. Not only RES and PIC but RES glycones showed protection of ARPE-19 cells against A2E and blue-light-induced photo-damage. These findings demonstrate that RES and its analogs may have protective effects against A2E and blue-light-induced ARPE-19 cell death through regulation of A2E accumulation as well as photooxidation of A2E. Thus RES and its analogs may be beneficial for AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate effects of current and past sunlight exposure and iris color on early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Of 3,701 individuals from the EUGENDA database, 752 (20.3%) showed early AMD, 1,179 (31.9%) late AMD, and 1,770 (47.8%) were controls. Information about current and past sunlight exposure, former occupation type, subdivided in indoor working and outdoor working, and iris color were obtained by standardized interviewer-assisted questionnaires. Associations between environmental factors adjusted for age, gender, and smoking and early and late AMD were performed by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Current sunlight exposure showed no association with early AMD or late AMD, but past sunlight exposure (≥8 hours outside daily) was significantly associated with early AMD (odds ratio: 5.54, 95% confidence interval 1.25-24.58, P = 0.02) and late AMD (odds ratio: 2.77, 95% confidence interval 1.25-6.16, P = 0.01). Outside working was found to be associated with late AMD (odds ratio: 2.57, 95% confidence interval 1.89-3.48, P = 1.58 × 10). No association was observed between iris color and early or late AMD. CONCLUSION Sunlight exposure during working life is an important risk factor for AMD, whereas sunlight exposure after retirement seems to have less influence on the disease development. Therefore, preventive measures, for example, wearing sunglasses to minimize sunlight exposure, should start early to prevent development of AMD later in life.
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Staubli U, Rangel-Diaz N, Alcantara M, Li YX, Yang JY, Zhang KM, Foster AC. Restoration of visual performance by d-serine in models of inner and outer retinal dysfunction assessed using sweep VEP measurements in the conscious rat and rabbit. Vision Res 2016; 127:35-48. [PMID: 27461280 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor and its co-agonist d-serine play a key role in synaptic function in the central nervous system (CNS), including visual cortex and retina. In retinal diseases such as glaucoma and macular degeneration, a loss of vision arises from malfunction of retinal cells, resulting in a glutamate hypofunctional state along the visual pathway in the affected parts of the visual field. An effective strategy to remedy this loss of function might be to increase extracellular levels of d-serine and thereby boost synaptic NMDA receptor-mediated visual transmission and/or plasticity to compensate for the impairment. We tested this idea in brain slices of visual cortex exhibiting long-term potentiation, and in rodent models of visual dysfunction caused by retinal insults at a time when the injury had stabilized to look for neuroenhancement effects. An essential aspect of the in vivo studies involved adapting sweep VEP technology to conscious rats and rabbits and combining it with intracortical recording while the animals were actively attending to visual information. Using this technology allowed us to establish complete contrast sensitivity function curves. We found that systemic d-serine dose-dependently rescued the contrast sensitivity impairment in rats with blue light-induced visual dysfunction. In rabbits with inner retinal dysfunction, both systemic and intravitreal routes of d-serine provided a rescue of visual function. In sum, we show that co-agonist stimulation of the NMDA receptor via administration of exogenous d-serine might be an effective therapeutic strategy to enhance visual performance and compensate for the loss of vision resulting from retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Staubli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Natalie Rangel-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Miguel Alcantara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
| | - Jia-Ying Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Kai-Ming Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Alan C Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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Li W, Jiang Y, Sun T, Yao X, Sun X. Supplementation of procyanidins B2 attenuates photooxidation-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:650-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1189886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Li
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Peng ML, Chiu HF, Chou H, Liao HJ, Chen ST, Wong YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Influence/impact of lutein complex (marigold flower and wolfberry) on visual function with early age-related macular degeneration subjects: A randomized clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Upregulation of GADD45α in light-damaged retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16013. [PMID: 27551507 PMCID: PMC4979445 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for light-induced damage in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells, we developed an automated device to recapitulate intense light exposure. When compared with human fibroblasts, ARPE-19 cells that had been exposed to blue-rich light-emitting diode-light of 10 000 Lux at 37 °C for 9 h displayed dramatic cellular apoptosis. Collectively, gene expression profiling and qPCR demonstrated that growth arrest and DNA damage-45α (GADD45α) expression was markedly upregulated. Transient knockdown of GADD45α partially attenuated light-damage-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells, whereas GADD45α overexpression dramatically increased it. These results demonstrate the critical function of GADD45α in light-induced RPE cellular apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting revealed that the upregulation of GADD45α was under direct control of p53. Moreover, treatment with Ly294002, an inhibitor of AKT phosphorylation, further promoted GADD45α gene transcription in both non-light and light-damaged ARPE-19 cells. Treatment also exacerbated RPE cellular apoptosis after light exposure, confirming that inhibition of Akt phosphorylation increases GADD45α expression. Collectively, our findings reveal that light irrigation induces human RPE cellular apoptosis through upregulation of GADD45α expression mediated through both the p53 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT signaling pathways. These results provide new insights into human retinal diseases elicited by light damage and open a new avenue for disease prevention and treatment.
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Wang Y, Huang F, Zhao L, Zhang D, Wang O, Guo X, Lu F, Yang X, Ji B, Deng Q. Protective Effect of Total Flavones from Hippophae rhamnoides L. against Visible Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Pigmented Rabbits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:161-170. [PMID: 26653970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) flavones have been used as candidate functional food ingredients because of their bioactivities, such as treating cardiovascular disorders, lowering plasma cholesterol level, and regulating immune function. However, the protective effects of sea buckthorn flavones against retinal degeneration remain unclear to date. This study investigated the protective effects of total flavones from H. rhamnoides (TFH) against visible light-induced retinal damage and explored the related mechanisms in pigmented rabbits. Rabbits were treated with TFH (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 2 weeks pre-illumination and 1 week post-illumination until sacrifice. Retinal function was quantified by performing electroretinography 1 day before and 1, 3, and 7 days after light exposure (18000 lx for 2 h). Retinal degeneration was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and performing the TUNEL assay 7 days after light exposure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms of TFH during visible light-induced retinal degeneration. Light exposure produced a degenerative effect primarily on the ONL, inner nuclear layer (INL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL). TFH significantly attenuated the destruction of electroretinograms caused by light damage, maintained ONL thickness, and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the INL and GCL. TFH ameliorated the retinal oxidative stress (GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, and MDA), inflammation (IL-1β and IL-6), angiogenesis (VEGF), and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl2, and caspase-3) induced by light exposure. Therefore, TFH exhibited protective effects against light-induced retinal degeneration by increasing the antioxidant defense mechanisms, suppressing pro-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines, and inhibiting retinal cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
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Nanoceria: a Potential Therapeutic for Dry AMD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 854:111-8. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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The Photobiology of Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the Eye. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:687173. [PMID: 26798505 PMCID: PMC4698938 DOI: 10.1155/2015/687173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin are antioxidants found in the human retina and macula. Recent clinical trials have determined that age- and diet-related loss of lutein and zeaxanthin enhances phototoxic damage to the human eye and that supplementation of these carotenoids has a protective effect against photoinduced damage to the lens and the retina. Two of the major mechanisms of protection offered by lutein and zeaxanthin against age-related blue light damage are the quenching of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species and the absorption of blue light. Determining the specific reactive intermediate(s) produced by a particular phototoxic ocular chromophore not only defines the mechanism of toxicity but can also later be used as a tool to prevent damage.
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Picard E, Le Rouzic Q, Oudar A, Berdugo M, El Sanharawi M, Andrieu-Soler C, Naud MC, Jonet L, Latour C, Klein C, Galiacy S, Malecaze F, Coppin H, Roth MP, Jeanny JC, Courtois Y, Behar-Cohen F. Targeting iron-mediated retinal degeneration by local delivery of transferrin. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1105-21. [PMID: 26454080 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is essential for retinal function but contributes to oxidative stress-mediated degeneration. Iron retinal homeostasis is highly regulated and transferrin (Tf), a potent iron chelator, is endogenously secreted by retinal cells. In this study, therapeutic potential of a local Tf delivery was evaluated in animal models of retinal degeneration. After intravitreal injection, Tf spread rapidly within the retina and accumulated in photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium, before reaching the blood circulation. Tf injected in the vitreous prior and, to a lesser extent, after light-induced retinal degeneration, efficiently protected the retina histology and function. We found an association between Tf treatment and the modulation of iron homeostasis resulting in a decrease of iron content and oxidative stress marker. The immunomodulation function of Tf could be seen through a reduction in macrophage/microglial activation as well as modulated inflammation responses. In a mouse model of hemochromatosis, Tf had the capacity to clear abnormal iron accumulation from retinas. And in the slow P23H rat model of retinal degeneration, a sustained release of Tf in the vitreous via non-viral gene therapy efficently slowed-down the photoreceptors death and preserved their function. These results clearly demonstrate the synergistic neuroprotective roles of Tf against retinal degeneration and allow identify Tf as an innovative and not toxic therapy for retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Picard
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France.
| | - Quentin Le Rouzic
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Oudar
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Berdugo
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed El Sanharawi
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Andrieu-Soler
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Naud
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jonet
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Latour
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Klein
- INSERM, U1138, CICC, Université René Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Galiacy
- INSERM U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - François Malecaze
- INSERM U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Coppin
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Paule Roth
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Claude Jeanny
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Yves Courtois
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, team Behar-Cohen, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Université René Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers UMRS 1138, Paris, France; Jules Gonin Ophthalmic Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Marquioni-Ramella MD, Suburo AM. Photo-damage, photo-protection and age-related macular degeneration. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The course of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is described as the effect of light (400–580 nm) on various molecular targets in photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Photo-damage is followed by inflammation, increasing oxidative stress and, probably, unveiling new photosensitive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela M. Suburo
- Medicina Celular y Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas
- Universidad Austral
- Pilar B1629AHJ
- Argentina
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