1
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Phang YL, Jin JK, Zhang FL, Wang YF. Radical hydroboration for the synthesis of organoboron compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4275-4289. [PMID: 38566567 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds demonstrate diverse applications in the fields of organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. Compared to the conventional hydroboration reaction, radical hydroboration serves as an alternative approach for the synthesis of organoborons via different mechanisms. In radical hydroboration, a boryl radical is initially generated from homolytic cleavage of a B-H or a B-B bond, which is then added to an unsaturated double bond to deliver a carbon radical. Subsequent hydrogen atom transfer or reduction of the carbon radical to form a carbanion followed by protonation gave the final product. Over the past few years, numerous efforts have been made for efficient synthesis of boryl radicals and the expansion of substrate scope of the radical hydroboration reaction. Here, we discuss the recent advancement of radical hydroboration and its associated mechanisms. Numerous radical hydroboration strategies employing N-heterocyclic carbene borane, bis(pinacolato)diboron and pinacolborane as the boron source were illustrated. Thermochemical, photochemical and electrochemical strategies for the generation of boryl radicals were also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lin Phang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Ji-Kang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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2
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Biremond T, Riomet M, Jubault P, Poisson T. Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Borylation and Silylation Reactions. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300172. [PMID: 37358334 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high versatility borylated and silylated compounds are inevitable synthons for organic chemists. To escape the classical hydroboration/hydrosilylation paradigm, chemists turned their attention to more modern and green methods such as photoredox chemistry and electrosynthesis. This account focuses on novel methods for the generation of boryl and silyl radicals to forge C-B and C-Si bonds from our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Biremond
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Margaux Riomet
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
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3
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Lin YJ, Liu WC, Liu YH, Lee GH, Chien SY, Chiu CW. A linear Di-coordinate boron radical cation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7051. [PMCID: PMC9671878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe pursuit of di-coordinate boron radical has been continued for more than a half century, and their stabilization and structural characterization remains a challenge. Here we report the isolation and structural characterization of a linear di-coordinate boron radical cation, achieved by stabilizing the two reactive atomic orbitals of the central boron atom by two orthogonal π-donating and π-accepting functionalities. The electron deficient radical cation undergoes facile one-electron reduction to borylene and binds Lewis base to give heteroleptic tri-coordinate boron radical cation. The co-existence of half-filled and empty p orbitals at boron also allows the CO-regulated electron transfer to be explored. As the introduction of CO promotes the electron transfer from a tri-coordinate neutral boron radical to a boron radical cation, the removal of CO under vacuum furnishes the reverse electron transfer from borylene to yield a solution consisting of two boron radicals.
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4
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Kuehn L, Zapf L, Werner L, Stang M, Würtemberger-Pietsch S, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Lacôte E, Marder TB, Radius U. NHC induced radical formation via homolytic cleavage of B–B bonds and its role in organic reactions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8321-8333. [PMID: 35919710 PMCID: PMC9297536 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New borylation methodologies have been reported recently, wherein diboron(4) compounds apparently participate in free radical couplings via the homolytic cleavage of the B–B bond. We report herein that bis-NHC adducts of the type (NHC)2·B2(OR)4, which are thermally unstable and undergo intramolecular ring expansion reactions (RER), are sources of boryl radicals of the type NHC–BR2˙, exemplified by Me2ImMe·Bneop˙ 1a (Me2ImMe = 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene, neop = neopentylglycolato), which are formed by homolytic B–B bond cleavage. Attempts to apply the boryl moiety 1a in a metal-free borylation reaction by suppressing the RER failed. However, based on these findings, a protocol was developed using Me2ImMe·B2pin23 for the transition metal- and additive-free boryl transfer to substituted aryl iodides and bromides giving aryl boronate esters in good yields. Analysis of the side products and further studies concerning the reaction mechanism revealed that radicals are likely involved. An aryl radical was trapped by TEMPO, an EPR resonance, which was suggestive of a boron-based radical, was detected in situ, and running the reaction in styrene led to the formation of polystyrene. The isolation of a boronium cation side product, [(Me2ImMe)2·Bpin]+I−7, demonstrated the fate of the second boryl moiety of B2pin2. Interestingly, Me2ImMe NHC reacts with aryl iodides and bromides generating radicals. A mechanism for the boryl radical transfer from Me2ImMe·B2pin23 to aryl iodides and bromides is proposed based on these experimental observations. Bis-NHC adducts of the type (NHC)2·B2(OR)4 are sources of boryl radicals of the type NHC–BR2˙, which are formed by homolytic B–B bond cleavage.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuehn
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Zapf
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luis Werner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Stang
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Würtemberger-Pietsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Abstract
Boron-centred radicals (boryl radicals) are potential and attractive species in main group chemistry and synthetic chemistry. Recently, the development of boron compounds ligated by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has sparked off advavnces in boryl radical chemistry because NHCs can highly stabilise boryl radicals by electronic and steric factors. This review highlights recent synthesis and reactions of such NHC-boryl radicals. From the standpoint of main group chemistry, examples of isolation or detection of unique NHC-boryl radicals are presented. From the standpoint of synthetic chemistry, on the other hand, the development of reactions of user-friendly NHC-boryl radicals, which has contributed to radical chemistry, organoboron chemistry and polymer science, is comprehensively described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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6
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Aubry B, Canterel R, Lansalot M, Bourgeat‐Lami E, Airoudj A, Graff B, Dietlin C, Morlet‐Savary F, Blahut J, Benda L, Pintacuda G, Lacôte E, Lalevée J. Development of a Borane–(Meth)acrylate Photo‐Click Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Aubry
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Rémi Canterel
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon CNRS, C2P2 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon CNRS, C2P2 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat‐Lami
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon CNRS, C2P2 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Aissam Airoudj
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Fabrice Morlet‐Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Jan Blahut
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon CNRS, CRMN 5 rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Ladislav Benda
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon CNRS, CRMN 5 rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon CNRS, CRMN 5 rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
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7
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Aubry B, Canterel R, Lansalot M, Bourgeat-Lami E, Airoudj A, Graff B, Dietlin C, Morlet-Savary F, Blahut J, Benda L, Pintacuda G, Lacôte E, Lalevée J. Development of a Borane-(Meth)acrylate Photo-Click Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17037-17044. [PMID: 33955632 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the development of 3D printing fuels, there is a need for new photoinitiating systems working under mild conditions and/or leading to polymers with new and/or enhanced properties. In this context, we introduce herein N-heterocyclic carbene-borane complexes as reagents for a new type of photo-click reaction, the borane-(meth)acrylate click reaction. Remarkably, the higher bond number of boranes relative to thiols induced an increase of the network density associated with faster polymerization kinetics. Solid-state NMR evidenced the strong participation of the boron centers on the network properties, while DMA and AFM showed that the materials exhibit improved mechanical properties, as well as reduced solvent swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Aubry
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Rémi Canterel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aissam Airoudj
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Jan Blahut
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, CRMN, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ladislav Benda
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, CRMN, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, CRMN, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
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8
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A radical approach for the selective C-H borylation of azines. Nature 2021; 595:677-683. [PMID: 34015802 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Boron functional groups are often introduced in place of aromatic carbon-hydrogen bonds to expedite small-molecule diversification through coupling of molecular fragments1-3. Current approaches based on transition-metal-catalysed activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds are effective for the borylation of many (hetero)aromatic derivatives4,5 but show narrow applicability to azines (nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles), which are key components of many pharmaceutical and agrochemical products6. Here we report an azine borylation strategy using stable and inexpensive amine-borane7 reagents. Photocatalysis converts these low-molecular-weight materials into highly reactive boryl radicals8 that undergo efficient addition to azine building blocks. This reactivity provides a mechanistically alternative tactic for sp2 carbon-boron bond assembly, where the elementary steps of transition-metal-mediated carbon-hydrogen bond activation and reductive elimination from azine-organometallic intermediates are replaced by a direct, Minisci9-style, radical addition. The strongly nucleophilic character of the amine-boryl radicals enables predictable and site-selective carbon-boron bond formation by targeting the azine's most activated position, including the challenging sites adjacent to the basic nitrogen atom. This approach enables access to aromatic sites that elude current strategies based on carbon-hydrogen bond activation, and has led to borylated materials that would otherwise be difficult to prepare. We have applied this process to the introduction of amine-borane functionalities to complex and industrially relevant products. The diversification of the borylated azine products by mainstream cross-coupling technologies establishes aromatic amino-boranes as a powerful class of building blocks for chemical synthesis.
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9
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Wang Q, Meng W, Feng X, Du H. B(
C
6
F
5
)
3
‐Catalyzed
Hydroboration of Alkenes with
N
‐Heterocyclic
Carbene Boranes
via
B—H Bond Activation. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaotian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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10
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Subervie D, Le Quéméner F, Canterel R, Dugas PY, Boyron O, Lalevée J, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lansalot M, Lacôte E. Visible-Light Emulsion Photopolymerization of Acrylates and Methacrylates: Mechanistic Insights and Introduction of a Simplified Sulfur-Based Photoinitiating System. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Subervie
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP; Bât. Raulin, 2 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Frédéric Le Quéméner
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Canterel
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP; Bât. Raulin, 2 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Dugas
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Boyron
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP; Bât. Raulin, 2 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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11
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Qu HJ, Yuan L, Jia CX, Yu HT, Xu H. DFT Investigation of Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from NHC-Boranes by Methyl, Ethyl and Cyanomethyl Radicals-Composition and Correlation Analysis of Kinetic Barriers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194509. [PMID: 33019654 PMCID: PMC7582687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-boranes is essential for extending the practical applications of boron chemistry. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) computations were performed for the HAA reactions of a series of NHC-boranes attacked by •CH2CN, Me• and Et• radicals. Using the computed data, we investigated the correlations of the activation and free energy barriers with their components, including the intrinsic barrier, the thermal contribution of the thermodynamic reaction energy to the kinetic barriers, the activation Gibbs free energy correction and the activation zero-point vibrational energy correction. Furthermore, to describe the dependence of the activation and free energy barriers on the thermodynamic reaction energy or reaction Gibbs free energy, we used a three-variable linear model, which was demonstrated to be more precise than the two-variable Evans–Polanyi linear free energy model and more succinct than the three-variable Marcus-theory-based nonlinear HAA model. The present work provides not only a more thorough understanding of the compositions of the barriers to the HAA reactions of NHC-boranes and the HAA reactivities of the substrates but also fresh insights into the suitability of various models for describing the relationships between the kinetic and thermodynamic physical quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-jie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.-j.Q.); (L.Y.); (C.-x.J.)
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.-j.Q.); (L.Y.); (C.-x.J.)
| | - Cai-xin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.-j.Q.); (L.Y.); (C.-x.J.)
| | - Hai-tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.-j.Q.); (L.Y.); (C.-x.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.-t.Y.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-451-86608616 (H.-t.Y.)
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.-j.Q.); (L.Y.); (C.-x.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.-t.Y.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-451-86608616 (H.-t.Y.)
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12
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Qu HJ, Yuan L, Jia CX, Yu HT, Xu H. DFT investigation of hydrogen atom-abstraction reactions of NHC-boranes by various carbon-centered radicals: barriers and correlation analyses. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34752-34763. [PMID: 35514392 PMCID: PMC9057721 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07638d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we employed a quantum-mechanical computational method to investigate the hydrogen-atom abstraction reactions of two nitrogen heterocyclic carbene boranes (NHC-boranes), NHC-BH3 and NHC-BH2CN, by a series of carbon-centered radicals bearing various substituents. We explored the degree of correlation of the activation and free energy barriers to their components. Furthermore, we also investigated the effects of the radical and substituent sizes, nucleophilicity/electrophilicity indices, and the spin density distribution of the radical reactants on the three fundamental barriers and the thermal contribution of the reaction energy to the kinetic barrier. Using the generated data, we assessed the abilities of the various radical reactants to abstract the hydrogen atom from NHC-boranes. Further, we performed a similar analysis after dividing those radical reactants into four groups, which were classified based on the dominant factor affecting their electronic density distribution, which involves the inductive effect, conjugation, hyperconjugation, and the feedback of lone-pair electrons. The results and conclusions of this investigation not only provide insight into the relationships between some of the key kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, which is useful for understanding the dynamics of such hydrogen-abstraction reactions, but also provide information for selecting suitable radical reactants for further experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Daqing 163319 P. R. China
| | - Lang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Cai-Xin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
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13
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Zhu C, Dong J, Liu X, Gao L, Zhao Y, Xie J, Li S, Zhu C. Photoredox‐Controlled β‐Regioselective Radical Hydroboration of Activated Alkenes with NHC‐Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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14
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Zhu C, Dong J, Liu X, Gao L, Zhao Y, Xie J, Li S, Zhu C. Photoredox‐Controlled β‐Regioselective Radical Hydroboration of Activated Alkenes with NHC‐Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12817-12821. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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15
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Dutta S, De S, Bose S, Mahal E, Koley D. Cooperative Donor-Acceptor Interactions in Stabilizing Carbene-Borane and Carbene-Alane Compounds: A Theoretical Insight. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
| | - Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
| | - Sanjoy Bose
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
| | - Eti Mahal
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata; 741 246 Mohanpur India
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16
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Manar KK, Porwal VK, Kamte RS, Adhikari M, Thakur SK, Bawari D, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Reactions of a BICAAC with hydroboranes: propensity for Lewis adduct formation and carbene insertion into the B-H bond. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17472-17478. [PMID: 31714564 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of a bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) towards different boranes has been examined in the present work. The reactions with boranes BX3·SMe2 (X = H, Cl, Br), BF3·OEt2 and BCl3 yield Lewis adducts [BICAAC·BH3] (1), [BICAAC·BHCl2] (2), [BICAAC·BH2Cl] (3), [BICAAC·BF3] (4), [BICAAC·BCl3] (5) and [BICAAC·BBr3] (6) respectively, whereas more hydridic boranes, 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) and catecholborane (HBcat), enable the insertion of the carbene carbon into the B-H bond to form [BICAAC(H)-(9-BBN)] (7) and [BICAAC(H)-Bcat] (8). These complexes are the first examples of BICAAC-boron compounds and have been characterized using IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Computational analyses were also performed to gain insight into the mechanism of B-H bond activation and adduct formation. Furthermore, the reactions of the BICAAC with boranes have been compared with the known reactions of CAACs and NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Manar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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17
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Friese FW, Studer A. New avenues for C-B bond formation via radical intermediates. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8503-8518. [PMID: 32015798 PMCID: PMC6977546 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective gives an overview on recent findings in the emerging area of C-radical borylation using diborons as radical trapping reagents. Aryl, vinyl and alkyl boronic esters can be accessed via such an approach under mild conditions. These processes are complementary to established transition metal catalysed cross coupling reactions. Radical borylations can be conducted in the absence of a transition metal but some processes require transition metals as catalysts. It will be shown that various readily available C-radical precursors can be used to run these borylations. For a better understanding of the chemistry, mechanistic discussions are also presented and an outlook on this topic will be provided at the end of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Friese
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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18
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Vallet A, Telitel S, Lalevée J, Lacôte E. Reactivity of B‐Xanthyl N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Boranes. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Laure Vallet
- ICSN-CNRSBâtiment 27 1 avenue de la Terrasse FR-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Sofia Telitel
- Université de Haute-AlsaceCNRSIS2M UMR 7361 FR-68100 Mulhouse France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-AlsaceCNRSIS2M UMR 7361 FR-68100 Mulhouse France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ. LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSCNESArianeGroupLHCEPBât. Raulin 2 rue Victor Grignard FR-69622 Villeurbanne France
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi 920-1192 Kanazawa Japan
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20
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Dai W, Geib SJ, Curran DP. Facile Synthesis of α-N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Boryl Ketones from N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Boranes and Alkenyl Triflates. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12355-12361. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15208, United States
| | - Steven J. Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15208, United States
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15208, United States
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21
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Guo A, Han JB, Zhu L, Wei Y, Tang XY. Site-Selective α-Alkoxyl Alkynation of Alkyl Esters Mediated by Boryl Radicals. Org Lett 2019; 21:2927-2931. [PMID: 30924668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for site-selective C-H functionalization of ethyl acetate mediated by pyridine-boryl radicals is presented, delivering a variety of 4-phenylbut-3-yn-2-yl acetate derivatives under mild conditions. A distinguishing feature of this reaction is that the pyridine-ligated boryl radicals can abstract the inactive α-hydrogen of the alkoxyl group instead of the α-hydrogen of carbonyl groups described in a previous report using amine-ligated boryl radicals. Significantly, substrates with halogen atoms are compatible under the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Hubei Engineering University , Hubei 432000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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22
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Dai W, Curran DP, Walton JC. EPR and Preparative Studies of 5- endo Cyclizations of Radicals Derived from Alkenyl NHC-Boranes Bearing tert-Butyl Ester Substituents. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2102-2111. [PMID: 30663305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Radical H atom abstraction from a set of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of alkenylboranes bearing two tert-butyl ester substituents was studied by EPR spectroscopy. The initial boraallyl radical intermediates rapidly ring closed onto the O atoms of their distal ester groups in 5- endo mode to yield 1,2-oxaborole radicals. Unexpectedly, two structural varieties of these radicals were identified from their EPR spectra. These proved to be two stable rotamers, in which the carbonyl group of the tert-butyl ester was oriented toward and away from the NHC ring. These rotamers were akin to the s- trans and s- cis rotamers of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Their stability was attributed to the quasi-allylic interaction of their unpaired electrons with the carbonyl units of their adjacent ester groups. EPR spectroscopic evidence for two rotamers of the analogous methyl ester containing NHC-oxaborole radicals was also obtained. An improved synthetic procedure for preparing rare NHC-boralactones was developed involving treatment of the alkenyl NHC-boranes with AIBN and tert-dodecanethiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - John C Walton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
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23
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Cheng Y, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Metal-Free Radical Borylation of Alkyl and Aryl Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16832-16836. [PMID: 30332527 PMCID: PMC6470957 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free radical borylation of alkyl and aryl iodides with bis(catecholato)diboron (B2 cat2 ) as the boron source under mild conditions is introduced. The borylation reaction is operationally easy to conduct and shows high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Radical clock experiments and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the mechanism and rate constants for C-radical borylation with B2 cat2 are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCenter for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC)Corrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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24
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Cheng Y, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Metal‐Free Radical Borylation of Alkyl and Aryl Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCenter for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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25
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Aubry B, Subervie D, Lansalot M, Bourgeat-Lami E, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Dietlin C, Fouassier JP, Lacôte E, Lalevée J. A Second-Generation Chameleon N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Borane Coinitiator for the Visible-Light Oxygen-Resistant Photopolymerization of Both Organic and Water-Compatible Resins. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Aubry
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université
de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Subervie
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université
de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université
de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université
de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Fouassier
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université
de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université
de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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26
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Dai W, McFadden TR, Curran DP, Früchtl HA, Walton JC. 5- Endo Cyclizations of NHC-Boraallyl Radicals Bearing Ester Substituents: Characterization of Derived 1,2-Oxaborole Radicals and Boralactones. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15868-15875. [PMID: 30369236 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
EPR studies of radical hydrogen abstraction reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of alkenylboranes bearing two ester substituents revealed not the expected boraallyl radicals but instead isomeric 1,2-oaxborole radicals. Such radicals are new, and DFT calculations show that they arise from the initially formed boraallyl radicals by a rapid, exothermic 5- endo cyclization. These spectroscopic and computational discoveries prompted a series of preparative experiments that provided access to a novel family of robust NHC-boralactones. A one-pot procedure was developed to access the boralactones directly from an NHC-borane (NHC-BH3) and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Timothy R McFadden
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Herbert A Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
| | - John C Walton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , United Kingdom
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27
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Subervie D, Graff B, Nerkar S, Curran DP, Lalevée J, Lacôte E. Difluorination at Boron Leads to the First Electrophilic Ligated Boryl Radical (NHC‐BF
2
.
). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Subervie
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR CNRS 7361 Université de Haute Alsace 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Swapnil Nerkar
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR CNRS 7361 Université de Haute Alsace 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
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28
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Subervie D, Graff B, Nerkar S, Curran DP, Lalevée J, Lacôte E. Difluorination at Boron Leads to the First Electrophilic Ligated Boryl Radical (NHC-BF 2. ). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10251-10256. [PMID: 29928777 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene difluoroborane (NHC-BF2 H) was prepared in a one-pot, two-step reaction from the parent ligated borane (NHC-BH3 ). The derived difluoroboryl radical (NHC-BF2. ) was generated by laser flash photolysis experiments and characterized by UV spectroscopy and rate-constant measurements. It is transient and reacts quickly with O2 . Unusually, it also reacts more rapidly with ethyl vinyl ether than with methyl acrylate. By this measure, it is the first electrophilic ligated boryl radical. Both NHC-BH3 and NHC-BF2 H serve as co-initiators in bulk photopolymerizations, converting both electron-poor and electron-rich monomers at roughly similar rates. However, the difluorinated coinitiator provides polymers with dramatically increased chain lengths from both monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Subervie
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Swapnil Nerkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
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29
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Cheng Y, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Transition Metal-Free 1,2-Carboboration of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6221-6225. [PMID: 29741375 PMCID: PMC6014685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A method for transition metal-free
1,2-carboboration of unactivated
alkenes with bis(catecholato)diboron as the boron source in combination
with alkyl halides as the alkyl component is introduced. The three-component
reaction proceeds via a radical pathway on a broad range of unactivated
alkenes, and the 1,2-carboboration products serve as valuable synthetic
building blocks. Density functional theory calculations provide insights
into the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | | | - Armido Studer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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30
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Qi J, Zhang FL, Huang YS, Xu AQ, Ren SC, Yi ZY, Wang YF. Radical Borylative Cyclization of 1,6-Dienes: Synthesis of Boron-Substituted Six-Membered Heterocycles and Carbocycles. Org Lett 2018; 20:2360-2364. [PMID: 29624068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A radical borylative cyclization reaction of 1,6-dienes was developed to assemble boron-handled six-membered heterocycles and carbocycles. This reaction was initiated by the chemo- and regio-controlled addition of an N-heterocyclic carbene-boryl radical to one of the alkene tethers, followed by an intramolecular 6- exo cyclization to afford a six-membered ring framework. The utility of this method was demonstrated in the synthesis of diverse paroxetine analogues through late-stage derivatization of the boryl functional unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Shuai Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Qing Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chao Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
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31
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Guo A, Han JB, Tang XY. Boryl Radicals-Triggered Selective C-H Functionalization for the Synthesis of Diverse Phenanthridine Derivatives. Org Lett 2018; 20:2351-2355. [PMID: 29584434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A boryl radical-triggered C-H functionalization of aliphatic ethers/amines or DMF with isocyanides is developed to deliver diverse phenanthridine derivatives in good to excellent yields. The substrate scope is broad, and a wide range of functional groups are tolerated under the standard conditions. The rapid removal of HBPin species by 4-cyanopyridine 1-oxide provides the driving force for this reaction. This new method should make boryl radicals widely applicable in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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32
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Le Quéméner F, Subervie D, Morlet-Savary F, Lalevée J, Lansalot M, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lacôte E. Visible-Light Emulsion Photopolymerization of Styrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Le Quéméner
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Daniel Subervie
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin; 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)-, UMR CNRS 7361-UHA; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)-, UMR CNRS 7361-UHA; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin; 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
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33
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Le Quéméner F, Subervie D, Morlet-Savary F, Lalevée J, Lansalot M, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lacôte E. Visible-Light Emulsion Photopolymerization of Styrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:957-961. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Le Quéméner
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Daniel Subervie
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin; 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)-, UMR CNRS 7361-UHA; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)-, UMR CNRS 7361-UHA; 15 rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin; 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
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Yu YJ, Zhang FL, Cheng J, Hei JH, Deng WT, Wang YF. Lewis Base–Boryl Radicals Enabled the Desulfurizative Reduction and Annulation of Thioamides. Org Lett 2017; 20:24-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jie Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jing-Hao Hei
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Ting Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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35
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Ren SC, Zhang FL, Qi J, Huang YS, Xu AQ, Yan HY, Wang YF. Radical Borylation/Cyclization Cascade of 1,6-Enynes for the Synthesis of Boron-Handled Hetero- and Carbocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6050-6053. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yun-Shuai Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ai-Qing Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hong-Yi Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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36
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Watanabe T, Hirose D, Curran DP, Taniguchi T. Borylative Radical Cyclizations of Benzo[3,4]cyclodec-3-ene-1,5-diynes and N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Boranes. Chemistry 2017; 23:5404-5409. [PMID: 28205265 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Borylative radical cyclization of benzo[3,4]cyclodec-3-ene-1,5-diynes to provide 5-borylated 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]azulenes has been developed. The experimental results suggest that the reaction proceeds by a radical chain mechanism, in which di-tert-butyl hyponitrite (TBHN) works as a good radical initiator to form boryl radicals from N-heterocyclic carbene-boranes (NHC-boranes). The present reaction is a rare model that illustrates addition of boryl radicals to alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Watanabe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hirose
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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37
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Telitel S, Vallet AL, Flanigan DM, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Rovis T, Lalevée J, Lacôte E. Influence of Electronic Effects on the Reactivity of Triazolylidene-Boryl Radicals: Consequences for the use of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes in Organic and Polymer Synthesis. Chemistry 2015; 21:13772-7. [PMID: 26239157 PMCID: PMC4986694 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A small library of triazolylidene-boranes that differ only in the nature of the aryl group on the external nitrogen atom was prepared. Their reactivity as hydrogen-atom donors, as well as that of the corresponding N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-boryl radicals toward methyl acrylate and oxygen, was investigated by laser flash photolysis, molecular orbital calculations, and ESR spin-trapping experiments, and benchmarked relative to the already known dimethyltriazolylidene-borane. The new NHC-boranes were also used as co-initiators for the Type I photopolymerization of acrylates. This allowed a structure-reactivity relationship with regard to the substitution pattern of the NHC to be established and the role of electronic effects in the reactivity of NHC-boryl radicals to be probed. Although their rate of addition to methyl acrylate depends on their electronegativity, the radicals are all nucleophilic and good initiators for photopolymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Telitel
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M - UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 3-89-33-60-69
| | - Anne-Laure Vallet
- ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France)
| | - Darrin M Flanigan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA)
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M - UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 3-89-33-60-69
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M - UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 3-89-33-60-69
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA)
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M - UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 3-89-33-60-69.
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France).
- Université de Lyon, Institut de chimie de Lyon, UMR 5265 CNRS-Université Lyon I-ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 4-72-43-17-95.
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38
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39
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Telitel S, Vallet AL, Schweizer S, Delpech B, Blanchard N, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Curran DP, Robert M, Lacôte E, Lalevée J. Formation of N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Boryl Radicals through Electrochemical and Photochemical Cleavage of the B–S bond in N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Boryl Sulfides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16938-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4066267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Telitel
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M (UMR CNRS 7361), Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | | | - Stéphane Schweizer
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique (EA 4566), Université de Haute-Alsace-ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Delpech
- ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7509), École Européenne
de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M (UMR CNRS 7361), Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M (UMR CNRS 7361), Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 United States
| | - Marc Robert
- Laboratoire
d’Électrochimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7591), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Institut
de chimie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR 5265 CNRS-Université Lyon I-ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M (UMR CNRS 7361), Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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Ligon SC, Husár B, Wutzel H, Holman R, Liska R. Strategies to reduce oxygen inhibition in photoinduced polymerization. Chem Rev 2013; 114:557-89. [PMID: 24083614 DOI: 10.1021/cr3005197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Clark Ligon
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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Martin CD, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Carbene-Stabilized Main Group Radicals and Radical Ions. Chem Sci 2013; 4:3020-3030. [PMID: 23878717 PMCID: PMC3714118 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortly after their discovery at the end of the 80s, stable singlet carbenes have been recognized as excellent ligands for transition metal based catalysts, and as organo-catalysts in their own right. At the end of the 2000s, it has been shown that they can coordinate main group elements in their zero oxidation state, and even activate small molecules. This review covers examples in the literature dealing with the most recent application of stable singlet carbenes, namely their use to stabilize radicals and radical ions that are otherwise unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb D. Martin
- Joint CNRS-UCSD Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- Joint CNRS-UCSD Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Guy Bertrand
- Joint CNRS-UCSD Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
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Li X, Curran DP. Insertion of reactive rhodium carbenes into boron-hydrogen bonds of stable N-heterocyclic carbene boranes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12076-81. [PMID: 23865527 DOI: 10.1021/ja4056245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Readily available rhodium(II) salts catalyze reactions between NHC-boranes (NHC-BH3) and diazocarbonyl compounds (N2CRCOR'). Stable α-NHC-boryl carbonyl compounds (NHC-BH2-CHRCOR') are isolated in good yields. The reaction is a reliable way to make boron-carbon bonds with good tolerance for variation in both the NHC-borane and diazocarbonyl components. It presumably occurs by insertion of a transient rhodium carbene into a boron-hydrogen bond of the NHC-borane. Competitive experiments show that a typical NHC-borane is highly reactive toward rhodium carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiben Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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43
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Pan X, Vallet AL, Schweizer S, Dahbi K, Delpech B, Blanchard N, Graff B, Geib SJ, Curran DP, Lalevée J, Lacôte E. Mechanistic and preparative studies of radical chain homolytic substitution reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene boranes and disulfides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10484-91. [PMID: 23718209 DOI: 10.1021/ja403627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene-borane (diMe-Imd-BH3) and related NHC-boranes with diaryl and diheteroaryl disulfides provide diverse NHC-boryl monosulfides (diMe-Imd-BH2SAr) and NHC-boryl disulfides (diMe-Imd-BH(SAr)2). Heating in the dark with 1 equiv of disulfide favors monosulfide formation, while irradiation with 2 equiv disulfide favors disulfide formation. With heteroaryl disulfides, the NHC-borane in the primary NHC-boryl sulfide product migrates from sulfur to nitrogen to give new products with a thioamide substructure. Most substitution reactions are thought to proceed through radical chains in which homolytic substitution of a disulfide by an NHC-boryl radical is a key step. However, with electrophilic disulfides under dark conditions, a competing ionic path may also be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Tantawy W, Hashem A, Yousif N, Flefel E. The water–boryl radical as a proton-coupled electron transfer reagent for carbon dioxide, formic acid, and formaldehyde — Theoretical approach. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2012-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The thermochemistry of the hydrogen atom transfer reactions from the H2O–BX2 radical system (X = H, CH3, NH2, OH, F) to carbon dioxide, formic acid, and (or) formaldehyde, which produce hydroxyformyl, dihydroxymethyl, and hydroxymethyl radicals, respectively, were investigated theoretically at ROMP2/6–311+G(3DF,2P)//UB3LYP/6–31G(D) and UG3(MP2)-RAD levels of theory. Surprisingly, in the cases of a strong Lewis acid (X = H, CH3, F), the spin transfer process from the water–boryl radical to the carbonyl compounds was barrier-free and associated with a dramatic reduction in the B–H bond dissociation energy (BDE) relative to that of isolated water–borane complexes. Examining the coordinates of these reactions revealed that the entire hydrogen atom transfer process is governed by the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism. Hence, the elucidated mechanism has been applied in the cases of weak Lewis acids (X = NH2, OH), and the variation in the accompanied activation energy was attributed to the stereoelectronic effect interplaying in CO2 and HCOOH compared with HCHO. We ascribed the overall mechanism as a SA-induced five-center cyclic PCET, in which the proton transfers across the so-called complexation-induced hydrogen bond (CIHB) channel, while the SOMOB–LUMOC=O′ interaction is responsible for the electron migration process. Owing to previous reports that interrelate the hydrogen-bonding and the rate of proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions, we postulated that “the rate of the PCET reaction is expected to be promoted by the covalency of the hydrogen bond, and any factor that enhances this covalency could be considered an activator of the PCET process.” This postulate could be considered a good rationale for the lack of a barrier associated with the hydrogen atom transfer from the water-boryl radical system to the carbonyl compounds. Light has been shed on the water–boryl radical reagent from the thermodynamic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waled Tantawy
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hashem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabil Yousif
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Flefel
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Telitel S, Schweizer S, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Tschamber T, Blanchard N, Fouassier JP, Lelli M, Lacôte E, Lalevée J. Soft Photopolymerizations Initiated by Dye-Sensitized Formation of NHC-Boryl Radicals under Visible Light. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302009p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Telitel
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (LRC CNRS 7228), ENSCMu-UHA
15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | | | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (LRC CNRS 7228), ENSCMu-UHA
15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (LRC CNRS 7228), ENSCMu-UHA
15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Théophile Tschamber
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (LRC CNRS 7228), ENSCMu-UHA
15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
- ENSCMu-UHA, 3 rue
Alfred Werner, 68200 Mulhouse, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (LRC CNRS 7228), ENSCMu-UHA
15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
- ENSCMu-UHA, 3 rue
Alfred Werner, 68200 Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Moreno Lelli
- Centre de RMN à Très
Hauts Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 5, Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne,
France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Institut de chimie
de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR
5265 CNRS-Université
Lyon I-ESCPE Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne,
France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (LRC CNRS 7228), ENSCMu-UHA
15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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46
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Toure M, Chuzel O, Parrain JL. Asymmetric Rhodium-Directed anti-Markovnikov Regioselective Boracyclopentannulation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17892-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Momar Toure
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM2 UMR 7313, case
532, 13397, Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Olivier Chuzel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM2 UMR 7313, case
532, 13397, Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM2 UMR 7313, case
532, 13397, Marseille cedex 20, France
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47
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Taniguchi T, Curran DP. Silica Gel Promotes Reductions of Aldehydes and Ketones by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes. Org Lett 2012; 14:4540-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302010f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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48
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Prokofjevs A, Boussonnière A, Li L, Bonin H, Lacôte E, Curran DP, Vedejs E. Borenium ion catalyzed hydroboration of alkenes with N-heterocyclic carbene-boranes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12281-8. [PMID: 22713106 PMCID: PMC3405176 DOI: 10.1021/ja305061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of alkenes such as 3-hexene, 3-octene, and 1-cyclohexyl-1-butene with the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-derived borane 2 and catalytic HNTf(2) (Tf = trifluoromethanesulfonyl (CF(3)SO(2))) effects hydroboration at room temperature. With 3-hexene, surprisingly facile migration of the boron atom from C(3) of the hexyl group to C(2) was observed over a time scale of minutes to hours. Oxidative workup gave a mixture of alcohols containing 2-hexanol as the major product. A similar preference for the C(2) alcohol was observed after oxidative workup of the 3-octene and 1-cyclohexyl-1-butene hydroborations. NHC-borenium cations (or functional equivalents) are postulated as the species that accomplish the hydroborations, and the C(2) selective migrations are attributed to the four-center interconversion of borenium cations with cationic NHC-borane-olefin π-complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Boussonnière
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109
| | - Hélène Bonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- ICSN CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gifsur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Edwin Vedejs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109
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49
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Lalevée J, Povie G, Tehfe MA, Telitel S, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Fouassier JP. Phototriggered In-Situ Generation of Triethylborane for Polymer Synthesis Under Air. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Merling E, Lamm V, Geib SJ, Lacôte E, Curran DP. [3 + 2]-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boryl Azide. Org Lett 2012; 14:2690-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300851m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Everett Merling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States, ICSN CNRS, Bâtiment 27, Av. de la Terrasse, 9118 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), 4 place Jussieu, C. 229, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vladimir Lamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States, ICSN CNRS, Bâtiment 27, Av. de la Terrasse, 9118 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), 4 place Jussieu, C. 229, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Steven J. Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States, ICSN CNRS, Bâtiment 27, Av. de la Terrasse, 9118 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), 4 place Jussieu, C. 229, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States, ICSN CNRS, Bâtiment 27, Av. de la Terrasse, 9118 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), 4 place Jussieu, C. 229, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States, ICSN CNRS, Bâtiment 27, Av. de la Terrasse, 9118 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR CNRS 7201), 4 place Jussieu, C. 229, 75005 Paris, France
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