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Allen ME, Kamilova E, Monck C, Ceroni F, Hu Y, Yetisen AK, Elani Y. Engineered Bacteria as Living Biosensors in Dermal Tattoos. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309509. [PMID: 38884139 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Dermal tattoo biosensors are promising platforms for real-time monitoring of biomarkers, with skin used as a diagnostic interface. Traditional tattoo sensors have utilized small molecules as biosensing elements. However, the rise of synthetic biology has enabled the potential employment of engineered bacteria as living analytical tools. Exploiting engineered bacterial sensors will allow for potentially more sensitive detection across a broad biomarker range, with advanced processing and sense/response functionalities using genetic circuits. Here, the interfacing of bacterial biosensors as living analytics in tattoos is shown. Engineered bacteria are encapsulated into micron-scale hydrogel beads prepared through scalable microfluidics. These biosensors can sense both biochemical cues (model biomarkers) and biophysical cues (temperature changes, using RNA thermometers), with fluorescent readouts. By tattooing beads into skin models and confirming sensor activity post-tattooing, our study establishes a foundation for integrating bacteria as living biosensing entities in tattoos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- fabriCELL, Imperial College London and King's College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Elina Kamilova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Carolina Monck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Francesca Ceroni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- fabriCELL, Imperial College London and King's College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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2
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Wang Z, Chen H, Liang T, Hu Y, Xue Y, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Zheng Z, Zhai D, Liang P, Shen C, Jiang C, Liu L, Shen Q, Zhu H, Liu Q. The implications of lipid mobility, drug-enhancers (surfactants)-skin interaction, and TRPV1 activation on licorice flavonoid permeability. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1582-1600. [PMID: 37980702 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Licorice flavonoids (LFs) are derived from perennial herb licorice and have been attaining a considerable interest in cosmetic and skin ailment treatments. However, some LFs compounds exhibited poor permeation and retention capability, which restricted their application. In this paper, we systematically investigated and compared the enhancement efficacy and mechanisms of different penetration enhancers (surfactants) with distinct lipophilicity or "heat and cool" characteristics on ten LFs compounds. Herein, the aim was to unveil how seven different enhancers modified the stratum corneum (SC) surface and influence the drug-enhancers-skin interaction, and to relate these effects to permeation enhancing effects of ten LFs compounds. The enhancing efficacy was evaluated by enhancement ratio (ER)permeation, ERretention, and ERcom, which was conducted on the porcine skin. It was summarized that heat capsaicin (CaP) and lipophilic Plurol® Oleique CC 497 (POCC) caused the most significance of SC lipid fluidity, SC water loss, and surface structure alterations, thereby resulting in a higher permeation enhancing effects than other enhancers. CaP could completely occupied drug-skin interaction sites in the SC, while POCC only occupied most drug-skin interactions. Moreover, the enhancing efficacy of both POCC and CaP was dependent on the log P values of LFs. For impervious LFs with low drug solubility, enhancing their drug solubility could help them permeate into the SC. For high-permeation LFs, their permeation was inhibited ascribed to the strong drug-enhancer-skin strength in the SC. More importantly, drug-surfactant-skin energy possessed a good negative correlation with the LFs permeation amount for most LFs molecules. Additionally, the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) could enhance LFs permeation by CaP. The study provided novel insights for drug permeation enhancement from the viewpoint of molecular pharmaceutics, as well as the scientific utilization of different enhancers in topical or transdermal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongkai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yinglin Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zeying Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dan Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peiyi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qun Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Oh SM, Lee Y, Lee JH, Oh M. Investigating the Mechanisms of Intradermal Injection for Easier "Skin Booster" Treatment: A Fluid Mechanics Approach to Determine Optimal Delivery Method. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2024; 12:e5723. [PMID: 38596590 PMCID: PMC11000758 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Background The use of "skin boosters" for rejuvenating aged skin is widely used. However, the accurate injection of the skin booster into the dermal layer remains a challenge due to the density of the dermis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal mechanical variables of delivery that enabled correct targeting of the product to the dermis for optimal results. Methods We investigated the impact of mechanical variables (syringe diameter, needle diameter and length, and viscosity of the skin booster) on the force required for intradermal injection in porcine skin. The correlation between these variables and the injection force was examined as well. Results The results show that smaller syringe diameters, larger needle diameters, shorter needle lengths, and lower viscosity of the skin boosters reduce the injection force needed for intradermal injections. Conclusions During the administration of skin booster injections, clinicians should take into account optimal conditions that facilitate intradermal injections, thus maximizing rejuvenating outcomes. Furthermore, manufacturers of skin boosters should formulate the products with decreased viscosity and provide the product in conjunction with appropriate needles and syringes, designed to optimize ease of injection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongkoo Lee
- Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Yu HL, Goh CF. Glycols: The ubiquitous solvent for dermal formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 196:114182. [PMID: 38224756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Glycols stand out as one of the most commonly employed safe and effective excipients for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products. Their widespread adoption can be attributed to their exceptional solvency characteristics and their ability to interact effectively with skin lipids and keratin for permeation enhancement. Notably, propylene glycol enjoys significant popularity in this regard. Ongoing research endeavours have been dedicated to scrutinising the impact of glycols on dermal drug delivery and shedding light on the intricate mechanisms by which glycols enhance skin permeation. This review aims to mitigate the discordance within the existing literature, assemble a holistic understanding of the impact of glycols on the percutaneous absorption of active compounds and furnish the reader with a profound comprehension of the foundational facets pertaining to their skin permeation enhancement mechanisms, while simultaneously delving deeper into the intricacies of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Long Yu
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Choon Fu Goh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia.
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Liu Y, Zhao C, Song C, Shen X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Ding X. A mussel inspired polyvinyl alcohol/collagen/tannic acid bioadhesive for wet adhesion and hemostasis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113766. [PMID: 38278032 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Bioadhesives are useful in surgery for hemostasis, tissue sealing and wound healing. However, most bioadhesives have limitations such as weak adhesion in wet conditions, insufficient sealing and poor clotting performance. Inspired by the adhesion mechanism of marine mussels, a novel bioadhesive (PCT) was developed by simply combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), collagen (COL) and tannic acid (TA) together. The results showed that the adhesion, sealing and blood coagulation properties boosted with the increase of tannic acid content in PCT. The wet shear adhesion strength of PCT-5 (the weight ratio of PVA:COL:TA=1:1:5) was 60.8 ± 0.6 kPa, the burst pressure was 213.7 ± 0.7 mmHg, and the blood clotting index was 39.3% ± 0.6%, respectively. In rat heart hemostasis tests, PCT-5 stopped bleeding in 23.7 ± 3.2 s and reduced bleeding loss to 83.0 ± 19.1 mg, which outperformed the benchmarks of commercial gauze (53.3 ± 8.7 s and 483.0 ± 15.0 mg) and 3 M adhesive (Type No.1469SB, 35.3 ± 5.0 s and 264.0 ± 14.2 mg). The as-prepared bioadhesive could provide significant benefits for tissue sealing and hemorrhage control along its low cost and facile preparation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629 China
| | - Changtong Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Center of Stomatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fengji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yisong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xuejia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Gidado IM, Nwokoye II, Triantis IF, Qassem M, Kyriacou PA. Multi-Modal Spectroscopic Assessment of Skin Hydration. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1419. [PMID: 38474955 DOI: 10.3390/s24051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Human skin acts as a protective barrier, preserving bodily functions and regulating water loss. Disruption to the skin barrier can lead to skin conditions and diseases, emphasizing the need for skin hydration monitoring. The gold-standard sensing method for assessing skin hydration is the Corneometer, monitoring the skin's electrical properties. It relies on measuring capacitance and has the advantage of precisely detecting a wide range of hydration levels within the skin's superficial layer. However, measurement errors due to its front end requiring contact with the skin, combined with the bipolar configuration of the electrodes used and discrepancies due to variations in various interfering analytes, often result in significant inaccuracy and a need to perform measurements under controlled conditions. To overcome these issues, we explore the merits of a different approach to sensing electrical properties, namely, a tetrapolar bioimpedance sensing approach, with the merits of a novel optical sensing modality. Tetrapolar bioimpedance allows for the elimination of bipolar measurement errors, and optical spectroscopy allows for the identification of skin water absorption peaks at wavelengths of 970 nm and 1450 nm. Employing both electrical and optical sensing modalities through a multimodal approach enhances skin hydration measurement sensitivity and validity. This layered approach may be particularly beneficial for minimising errors, providing a more robust and comprehensive tool for skin hydration assessment. An ex vivo desorption experiment was carried out on fresh porcine skin, and an in vivo indicative case study was conducted utilising the developed optical and bioimpedance sensing devices. Expected outcomes were expressed from both techniques, with an increase in the output of the optical sensor voltage and a decrease in bioimpedance as skin hydration decreased. MLR models were employed, and the results presented strong correlations (R-squared = 0.996 and p-value = 6.45 × 10-21), with an enhanced outcome for hydration parameters when both modalities were combined as opposed to independently, highlighting the advantage of the multimodal sensing approach for skin hydration assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M Gidado
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Ifeabunike I Nwokoye
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Iasonas F Triantis
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Meha Qassem
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Panicos A Kyriacou
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
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7
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Paculová V, Prasad A, Sedlářová M, Pospíšil P. Oxidative modification of collagen by malondialdehyde in porcine skin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109850. [PMID: 38065250 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Human skin is exposed to various physical and chemical stress factors, which commonly cause the oxidation of lipids and proteins. In this study, azo initiator AAPH [2,2' -azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride] was employed to initiate lipid peroxidation in porcine skin as an ex vivo model for human skin. We demonstrate that malondialdehyde (MDA), a secondary product of lipid peroxidation, is covalently bound to collagen in the dermis, forming MDA-collagen adducts. The binding of MDA to collagen results in an unfolding of the collagen triple helix, formation of the dimer of α-chains of collagen, and fragmentation of the collagen α-chain. It is proposed here that the MDA is bound to the lysine residues of α-chain collagen, which are involved in electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding with the glutamate and aspartate of other α-chains of the triple helix. Our data provide crucial information about the MDA binding topology in the skin, which is necessary to understand better the various types of skin-related diseases and the aging process in the skin under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Paculová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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8
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Bisgaard SI, Nguyen LQ, Bøgh KL, Keller SS. Dermal tissue penetration of in-plane silicon microneedles evaluated in skin-simulating hydrogel, rat skin and porcine skin. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 155:213659. [PMID: 37939443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, microneedle-based sensors have been introduced as novel strategy for in situ monitoring of biomarkers in the skin. Here, in-plane silicon microneedles with different dimensions and shapes are fabricated and their ability to penetrate skin is evaluated. Arrays with flat, triangular, hypodermic, lancet and pencil-shaped microneedles, with lengths of 500-1000 μm, widths of 200-400 μm and thickness of 180-500 μm are considered. Fracture force is higher than 20 N for all microneedle arrays (MNA) confirming a high mechanical stability of the microneedles. Penetration force in skin-simulating hydrogels, excised rat abdominal skin and porcine ear skin is at least five times lower than the fracture force for all MNA designs. The lowest force for skin penetration is required for triangular microneedles with a low width and thickness. Skin tissue staining and histological analysis of rat abdominal skin and porcine ear skin confirm successful penetration of the epidermis for all MNA designs. However, the penetration depth is between 100 and 300 μm, which is considerably lower than the microneedle length. Tissue damage estimated by visual analysis of the penetration hole is smallest for triangular microneedles. Penetration ability and tissue damage are compared to the skin prick test (SPT) needle applied in allergy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ingemann Bisgaard
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 347, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; National Food Institute, DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Long Quang Nguyen
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 347, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katrine Lindholm Bøgh
- National Food Institute, DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephan Sylvest Keller
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 347, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Brunetti G, Patton D, Moore Z, Palomeque-Chavez JC, O'Brien FJ, Boyle CJ. Validation of a sub-epidermal moisture scanner for early detection of pressure ulcers in an ex vivo porcine model of localized oedema. J Tissue Viability 2023; 32:508-515. [PMID: 37442720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Pressure ulcers (PUs) remain a chronic health problem with severe impacts on healthcare systems. Early detection is crucial to providing effective interventions. However, detecting PUs currently relies on subjective tissue evaluations, such as visual skin assessment, precluding interventions prior to the development of visible tissue damage. There is an unmet need for solutions that can detect early tissue damage before visual and tactile signs occur. Assessments based on sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) measurements represent an opportunity for robust and objective early detection of PUs, preventing broken skin PUs in more high-risk patients at high-risk anatomical locations. While SEM assessment technology has been validated in computational, bench and tissue phantom models, validation in soft tissue was absent. In this study, we successfully validated the ability of a commercially available SEM assessment device to measure and detect sub-epidermal moisture changes in a novel ex vivo porcine soft tissue model of localised oedema. When controlled and incremental fluid volumes (Phosphate Buffer Solution) were injected into porcine soft tissues, statistically significant differences were found in SEM values between fluid-injected sites, representing an inflammatory oedematous condition, and healthy tissue control sites, as measured by the SEM device. The device provided reproducible readings by detecting localised oedema changes in soft tissues, reflecting the build-up of fluid as small as 1 ml into the underlying tissue. Spatial characterization experiments described the ability of the device technology to differentiate between healthy and oedematous tissue. Our findings validate the use of SEM assessment technology to measure and quantify localized oedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brunetti
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - D Patton
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Z Moore
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J C Palomeque-Chavez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C J Boyle
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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10
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Wagner P, Springenberg M, Kröger M, Moritz RKC, Schleusener J, Meinke MC, Ma J. Semantic modeling of cell damage prediction: a machine learning approach at human-level performance in dermatology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8336. [PMID: 37221254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning is transforming the field of histopathology. Especially in classification related tasks, there have been many successful applications of deep learning already. Yet, in tasks that rely on regression and many niche applications, the domain lacks cohesive procedures that are adapted to the learning processes of neural networks. In this work, we investigate cell damage in whole slide images of the epidermis. A common way for pathologists to annotate a score, characterizing the degree of damage for these samples, is the ratio between healthy and unhealthy nuclei. The annotation procedure of these scores, however, is expensive and prone to be noisy among pathologists. We propose a new measure of damage, that is the total area of damage, relative to the total area of the epidermis. In this work, we present results of regression and segmentation models, predicting both scores on a curated and public dataset. We have acquired the dataset in collaborative efforts with medical professionals. Our study resulted in a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed damage metrics in the epidermis, with recommendations, emphasizing practical relevance for real world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wagner
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Springenberg
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius Kröger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rose K C Moritz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jackie Ma
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
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Wang Z, Hu Y, Xue Y, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Chen H, Guo Y, Liang P, Liang T, Shen C, Jiang C, Liu L, Shen Q, Zhu H, Liu Q. 4'-OH as the Action Site of Lipids and MRP1 for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Flavonoids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36913526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, the transdermal delivery study mainly focused on the drug delivery systems' design and efficacy evaluation. Few studies reported the structure-affinity relationship of the drug with the skin, further revealing the action sites of the drugs for enhanced permeation. Flavonoids attained a considerable interest in transdermal administration. The aim is to develop a systematic approach to evaluate the substructures that were favorable for flavonoid delivery into the skin and understand how these action sites interacted with lipids and bound to multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) for enhanced transdermal delivery. First, we investigated the permeation properties of various flavonoids on the porcine skin or rat skin. We found that 4'-OH (hydroxyl group on the carbon 4' position) rather than 7-OH on the flavonoids was the key group for flavonoid permeation and retention, while 4'-OCH3 and -CH2═CH2-CH-(CH3)2 were unfavorable for drug delivery. 4'-OH could decrease flavonoids' lipophilicity to an appropriate log P and polarizability for better transdermal drug delivery. In the stratum corneum, flavonoids used 4'-OH as a hand to specifically grab the C═O group of the ceramide NS (Cer), which increased the miscibility of flavonoids and Cer and then disturbed the lipid arrangement of Cer, thereby facilitating their penetration. Subsequently, we constructed overexpressed MRP1 HaCaT/MRP1 cells by permanent transfection of human MRP1 cDNA in wild HaCaT cells. In the dermis, we observed that 4'-OH, 7-OH, and 6-OCH3 substructures were involved in H-bond formation within MRP1, which increased the flavonoid affinity with MRP1 and flavonoid efflux transport. Moreover, the expression of MRP1 was significantly enhanced after the treatment of flavonoids on the rat skin. Collectively, 4'-OH served as the action site for increased lipid disruption and enhanced affinity for MRP1, which facilitate the transdermal delivery of flavonoids, providing valuable guidelines for molecular modification and drug design of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongkai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yinglin Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peiyi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qun Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Skin-Based Vaccination: A Systematic Mapping Review of the Types of Vaccines and Methods Used and Immunity and Protection Elicited in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020450. [PMID: 36851328 PMCID: PMC9962282 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The advantages of skin-based vaccination include induction of strong immunity, dose-sparing, and ease of administration. Several technologies for skin-based immunisation in humans are being developed to maximise these key advantages. This route is more conventionally used in veterinary medicine. Skin-based vaccination of pigs is of high relevance due to their anatomical, physiological, and immunological similarities to humans, as well as being a source of zoonotic diseases and their livestock value. We conducted a systematic mapping review, focusing on vaccine-induced immunity and safety after the skin immunisation of pigs. Veterinary vaccines, specifically anti-viral vaccines, predominated in the literature. The safe and potent skin administration to pigs of adjuvanted vaccines, particularly emulsions, are frequently documented. Multiple methods of skin immunisation exist; however, there is a lack of consistent terminology and accurate descriptions of the route and device. Antibody responses, compared to other immune correlates, are most frequently reported. There is a lack of research on the underlying mechanisms of action and breadth of responses. Nevertheless, encouraging results, both in safety and immunogenicity, were observed after skin vaccination that were often comparable to or superior the intramuscular route. Further research in this area will underlie the development of enhanced skin vaccine strategies for pigs, other animals and humans.
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Imaging and Characterization of Oxidative Protein Modifications in Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043981. [PMID: 36835390 PMCID: PMC9959078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin plays an important role in protection, metabolism, thermoregulation, sensation, and excretion whilst being consistently exposed to environmental aggression, including biotic and abiotic stresses. During the generation of oxidative stress in the skin, the epidermal and dermal cells are generally regarded as the most affected regions. The participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a result of environmental fluctuations has been experimentally proven by several researchers and is well known to contribute to ultra-weak photon emission via the oxidation of biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). More recently, ultra-weak photon emission detection techniques have been introduced to investigate the conditions of oxidative stress in various living systems in in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies. Research into two-dimensional photon imaging is drawing growing attention because of its application as a non-invasive tool. We monitored spontaneous and stress-induced ultra-weak photon emission under the exogenous application of a Fenton reagent. The results showed a marked difference in the ultra-weak photon emission. Overall, these results suggest that triplet carbonyl (3C=O∗) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are the final emitters. Furthermore, the formation of oxidatively modified protein adducts and protein carbonyl formation upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were observed using an immunoblotting assay. The results from this study broaden our understanding of the mechanism of the generation of ROS in skin layers and the formation/contribution of various excited species can be used as tools to determine the physiological state of the organism.
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Kalvodová A, Dvořáková K, Petrová E, Michniak-Kohn BB, Zbytovská J. The Contest of Nanoparticles: Searching for the Most Effective Topical Delivery of Corticosteroids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020513. [PMID: 36839836 PMCID: PMC9962773 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their complicated pathophysiology, the treatment of skin diseases necessitates a complex approach. Conventional treatment using topical corticosteroids often results in low effectiveness and the incidence of local or even systemic side effects. Nanoformulation of potent anti-inflammatory drugs has been selected as an optimal strategy for enhanced topical delivery of corticosteroids. In order to assess the efficiency of various nanoformulations, we formulated hydrocortisone (HC) and hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (HCB) into three different systems: lipid nanocapsules (LNC), polymeric nanoparticles (PNP), and ethosomes (ETZ). The systems were characterized using dynamic light scattering for their particle size and uniformity and the morphology of nanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The nanosystems were tested using ex vivo full thickness porcine and human skin for the delivery of HC and HCB. The skin penetration was observed by confocal microscopy of fluorescently labelled nanosystems. ETZ were proposed as the most effective delivery system for both transdermal and dermal drug targeting but were also found to have a profound effect on the skin barrier with limited restoration. LNC and PNP were found to have significant effects in the dermal delivery of the actives with only minimal transdermal penetration, especially in case of HCB administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kalvodová
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Dvořáková
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Petrová
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bozena B. Michniak-Kohn
- Center for Dermal Research (CDR), Life Sciences Building, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jarmila Zbytovská
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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15
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Hugo Infante V, Maria Maia Campos P, Darvin M, Lohan S, Schleusener J, Schanzer S, Lademann J, Meinke M. Cosmetic Formulations with Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil for the Improvement of Photoaged Skin: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:176-183. [PMID: 35668682 DOI: 10.1111/php.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration depth, antioxidant capacity and the clinical efficacy of Melaleuca alternifolia pure essential oil and in a nanoemulsion to prevent skin photoaging. For this, 2% of pure essential oil or 2% of this essential oil in a nanoemulsion were vehiculated in a formulation. The skin penetration was evaluated using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. The radical protection factor was evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. For a clinical study, 40 male participants, aged 18-28 years, were enrolled, being divided into three groups: vehicle formulation, M. alternifolia pure essential oil and M. alternifolia Nanoemulsion. All the participants also received a sunscreen SPF 50 to use during the day. Before and after 90 days of study, skin hydrolipidics and morphological characteristics were performed by skin imaging and biophysical techniques. The nanoemulsion presented a lower antioxidant capacity and a higher penetration through the stratum corneum, reaching the viable epidermis, improving the stratum granulosum morphology. The groups presented an increase in the papillary depth, improving in the dermis echogenicity and the collagen fibers. Melaleuca alternifolia essential provides the potential to improve photoaged skin, being the application of nanoemulsion able to reach deeper skin layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxim Darvin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Silke Lohan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Sabine Schanzer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martina Meinke
- Klinik für Dermatologie, CCP, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Yeoh SC, Loh PL, Murugaiyah V, Goh CF. Development and Characterisation of a Topical Methyl Salicylate Patch: Effect of Solvents on Adhesion and Skin Permeation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112491. [PMID: 36432686 PMCID: PMC9698037 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of skin patch formulation design and technology has enabled the commercialisation of methyl salicylate (MS) as a topical patch. However, the most fundamental aspect of skin permeation is unknown at present. The study aims to investigate the effect of solvent choice on the skin permeation of MS in a neat solvent system and patch formulation with an emphasis on patch adhesion. MS in six selected solvents (propylene glycol (PG), Transcutol®, isopropyl myristate, Labrasol®, Plurol® oleique CC 497 and Maisine® CC) was characterised and in vitro permeation studies were also performed. An ATR-FTIR analysis on solvent-treated skin was conudcted. Patch formulation was prepared and characterised for adhesion, in vitro drug release and skin permeation studies. The highest MS permeation was found in neat PG over 24 h (~90 μg/cm2) due to its strong skin protein conformation effect. Transcutol® and isopropyl myristate showed better skin deposition and formulation retention, respectively. Nevertheless, PG enhanced the patch adhesion despite having a lower cumulative amount of MS permeated (~80 μg/cm2) as compared with Transcutol® and Maisine® (~110-150 μg/cm2). These two solvents, however, demonstrated better skin deposition and formulation retention but a lower patch adhesion. The unpredictable influence of the solvent on patch adhesion highlights the importance of the trade-off between patch adhesion and skin permeation during formulation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Chin Yeoh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Poh Lee Loh
- THP Medical Sdn Bhd, 1209, Jalan Perindustrian Bukit Minyak 18, Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, Simpang Ampat 14100, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Choon Fu Goh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Ribeiro CM, Souza M, Pelegrini BL, Palacios RS, Lima SM, Sato F, Bento AC, Baesso ML, Lima MMS. Ex vivo UV-vis and FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy of natural nanoemulsions from cellulose nanocrystals and saponins topically applied into the skin: Diffusion rates and physicochemical evaluation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 236:112587. [PMID: 36283255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions are increasingly gaining importance in the development of topically applied medicine and cosmetic products because their small droplets favor the penetration rates of active compounds into the body. In this scenario, the measurements of their diffusion rates as well as eventual physicochemical changes in the target tissues are of utmost importance. It is also recognized that the use of natural surfactants can avoid allergic reactions as frequently observed for synthetic products. The natural saponins extracted from Sapindus Saponaria have the property of forming foam and are exploited as biocompatible and biodegradable, while cellulose nanocrystals are known to increase the stability of a formulation avoiding the coalescence of drops at the interface. Therefore, nanoemulsions combining natural saponins and cellulose nanocrystals are promising systems that may facilitate greater diffusion rates of molecules into the skin, being candidates to substitute synthetic formulations. This study applied the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy technique to measure the diffusion rates and the physicochemical properties of nanoemulsified formulations containing saponins and cellulose nanocrystals topically applied to the skin. The ex vivo study combined the first-time photoacoustic measurements performed in both ultraviolet-visible and mid-infrared spectral regions. The toxicity of these formulations in L929 cells was also evaluated. The results showed that the formulations were able to propagate throughout the skin to a depth of approximately 756 μm, reaching the dermal side. The non-observation of absorbing band shifting or new bands in the FTIR spectra suggests that there were no structural changes in the skin as well as in the formulations after the nanoemulsions administration. The cytotoxicity results showed that the increase of cellulose nanocrystals concentration decreased cellular toxicity. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the advantage of combining photoacoustic methods in the ultraviolet-visible and mid-infrared spectral regions to analyze drug diffusion and interaction with the skin tissues. Both methods complement each other, allowing the confirmation of the nanoemulsion diffusion through the skin and also suggesting there were no detectable physicochemical changes in the tissues. Formulations stabilized with saponins and cellulose nanocrystals showed great potential for the development of topically administered cosmetics and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - M Souza
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - B L Pelegrini
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - R S Palacios
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - S M Lima
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais- CERNA, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul-UEMS, 351, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - F Sato
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - A C Bento
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - M L Baesso
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - M M S Lima
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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18
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Krumpholz L, Clarke JF, Polak S, Wiśniowska B. An open-access data set of pig skin anatomy and physiology for modelling purposes. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6754191. [PMID: 36208224 PMCID: PMC9547536 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of animal as opposed to human skin for in vitro permeation testing (IVPT) is an alternative, which can reduce logistical and economic issues. However, this surrogate also has ethical considerations and may not provide an accurate estimation of dermal absorption in humans due to physiological differences. The current project aimed to provide a detailed repository for the anatomical and physiological parameters of porcine skin, with the aim of parametrizing the Multi-phase Multi-layer Mechanistic Dermal Absorption (MPML MechDermA) Model in the Simcyp Simulator. The MPML MechDermA Model is a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that accounts for the physiology and geometry of skin in a mechanistic mathematical modelling framework. The database provided herein contains information on 14 parameters related to porcine skin anatomy and physiology, namely, skin surface pH, number of stratum corneum (SC) layers, SC thickness, corneocyte thickness, corneocyte dimensions (length and width), volume fraction of water in corneocyte (where SC is divided into four parts with different water contents), intercellular lipid thickness, viable epidermis thickness, dermis thickness, hair follicle and hair shaft diameter, hair follicle depth and hair follicle density. The collected parameters can be used to parameterize PBPK models, which could be further utilized to bridge the gap between animal and human studies with interspecies extrapolation or to predict dermatokinetic properties typically assessed in IVPT experiments. Database URL: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/mwz9xv4cpd/1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krumpholz
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, str., Kraków 30-688, Poland,Doctoral School in Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Łazarza Str. 16, Kraków 31-530, Poland
| | - James F Clarke
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, str., Kraków 30-688, Poland,Certara UK Ltd. (Simcyp Division), 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, str., Kraków 30-688, Poland,Certara UK Ltd. (Simcyp Division), 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
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19
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Jang M, Kim HD, Koo HJ, So JH. Textile-Based Wearable Sensor for Skin Hydration Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22186985. [PMID: 36146334 PMCID: PMC9500932 DOI: 10.3390/s22186985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This research describes a wearable skin hydration sensor based on cotton textile to determine the state of hydration within the skin via impedance analysis. The sensor structure comprises a textile substrate, thermoplastic over-layer, conductive patterns, and encapsulant, designed for stable and reliable monitoring of the skin's impedance change in relation to hydration level. The porcine skin with different hydration levels was prepared as a model system of the skin, and the textile-based sensor carefully investigated the porcine skin samples' impedance characteristics. The impedance study reveals that (1) the total impedance of skin decreases as its hydration level increases, and (2) the impedance of the stratum corneum and epidermis layers are more dominantly affected by the hydration level of the skin than the dermis layer. Even after repetitive bending cycles, the impedance data of skin measured by the sensor exhibit a reliable dependence on the skin hydration level, which validates the flexibility and durability of the sensor. Finally, it is shown that the textile-based skin hydration sensor can detect various body parts' different hydration levels of human skin while maintaining a stable conformal contact with the skin. The resulting data are well-matched with the readings from a commercial skin hydration sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Jang
- Material & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Korea
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin 16890, Korea
| | - Ho-Dong Kim
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin 16890, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Koo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
- Department of New and Renewable Energy Convergence, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Ju-Hee So
- Material & Component Convergence R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaul-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
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20
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Geisenberger D, Große Perdekamp M, Pollak S, Thierauf-Emberger A, Thoma V. Differing sizes of bullet entrance holes in skin of the anterior and posterior trunk. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1597-1603. [PMID: 36006518 PMCID: PMC9576652 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish whether the size (diameter and area) of bullet entrance holes in skin varies between distant shots to the anterior and posterior trunk, respectively, when using the same ammunition (in concreto pistol cartridges 9 mm Luger). For that purpose, specimens of porcine skin from the belly region and the back were taken (10 samples each) and shot at from a distance of 1.6 m. The entrance holes were photo-documented under standardised conditions. After image processing for contrast enhancement, the maximum diameter and the area of each skin defect were measured automatically by means of an image analysis system. Both size parameters differed significantly depending on the body region affected. On the back with its comparatively thick dermis, the skin defects were considerably smaller than those on the ventral trunk where the corium is less thick. This difference can be explained by the fact that the elastic properties of skin are strongly determined by the connective tissue which is especially rich in fibres. The study results were consistent with the authors’ casework experience and support the assumption that the entrance site of gunshot wounds has a major influence on the size of the bullet hole in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Geisenberger
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Große Perdekamp
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Pollak
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Thierauf-Emberger
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Thoma
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 9, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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21
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Abd-El-Azim H, Tekko IA, Ali A, Ramadan A, Nafee N, Khalafallah N, Rahman T, Mcdaid W, Aly RG, Vora LK, Bell SJ, Furlong F, McCarthy HO, Donnelly RF. Hollow microneedle assisted intradermal delivery of hypericin lipid nanocapsules with light enabled photodynamic therapy against skin cancer. J Control Release 2022; 348:849-869. [PMID: 35728715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) to manage non-melanoma skin cancers has garnered great attention over the past few years. Hypericin (Hy) is a potent lipid-soluble photosensitiser with promising anticancer therapeutic activities. Nevertheless, its poor water-solubility, aggregation in biological systems and insufficient skin penetration restricted its effective exploitation. Herein, we report for the first-time encapsulation of Hy into lipid nanocapsules (Hy-LNCs), and then application of an AdminPen™ hollow microneedles (Ho-MNs) array and an in-house fabricated Ho-MN to enable efficient intradermal delivery. The physicochemical properties, photoactivity, ex vivo drug distribution and cellular uptake were evaluated. Results showed that Hy-LNCs were successfully formed with a particle size of 47.76 ± 0.49 nm, PDI of 0.12 ± 0.02, high encapsulation efficiency (99.67% ± 0.35), 396 fold higher photoactivity, 7 fold higher skin drug deposition, significantly greater cellular uptake and higher photocytotoxicity compared to free Hy. The therapeutic effect of Hy-LNCs was finally assessed in vivo using a nude mouse model with transplanted tumours. Interestingly, Hy-LNCs delivered by Ho-MN exhibited remarkable anti-tumour destruction (85.84%) after irradiation with 595 nm. This study showed that Ho-MNs-driven delivery of Hy-LNCs followed by irradiation could form a promising minimally invasive, effective and site-specific approach for managing non-melanoma skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abd-El-Azim
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, El Beheira, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Ahlam Ali
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alyaa Ramadan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Nafee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Taifur Rahman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - William Mcdaid
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Rania G Aly
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Steven J Bell
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona Furlong
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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22
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Sarmin AM, El Moussaid N, Suntornnond R, Tyler EJ, Kim YH, Di Cio S, Megone WV, Pearce O, Gautrot JE, Dawson J, Connelly JT. Multi-Scale Analysis of the Composition, Structure, and Function of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Human Skin and Wound Healing Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060837. [PMID: 35740962 PMCID: PMC9221483 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex mixture of structural proteins, proteoglycans, and signaling molecules that are essential for tissue integrity and homeostasis. While a number of recent studies have explored the use of decellularized ECM (dECM) as a biomaterial for tissue engineering, the complete composition, structure, and mechanics of these materials remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed an in-depth characterization of skin-derived dECM biomaterials for human skin equivalent (HSE) models. The dECM materials were purified from porcine skin, and through mass spectrometry profiling, we quantified the presence of major ECM molecules, including types I, III, and VI collagen, fibrillin, and lumican. Rheological analysis demonstrated the sol-gel and shear-thinning properties of dECM materials, indicating their physical suitability as a tissue scaffold, while electron microscopy revealed a complex, hierarchical structure of nanofibers in dECM hydrogels. The dECM materials were compatible with advanced biofabrication techniques, including 3D printing within a gelatin microparticle support bath, printing with a sacrificial material, or blending with other ECM molecules to achieve more complex compositions and structures. As a proof of concept, we also demonstrate how dECM materials can be fabricated into a 3D skin wound healing model using 3D printing. Skin-derived dECM therefore represents a complex and versatile biomaterial with advantageous properties for the fabrication of next-generation HSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiya M. Sarmin
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (A.M.S.); (N.E.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Nadia El Moussaid
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (A.M.S.); (N.E.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Ratima Suntornnond
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (A.M.S.); (N.E.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Eleanor J. Tyler
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (E.J.T.); (O.P.)
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (Y.-H.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Stefania Di Cio
- School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (S.D.C.); (W.V.M.); (J.E.G.)
| | - William V. Megone
- School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (S.D.C.); (W.V.M.); (J.E.G.)
| | - Oliver Pearce
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (E.J.T.); (O.P.)
| | - Julien E. Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (S.D.C.); (W.V.M.); (J.E.G.)
| | - Jonathan Dawson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (Y.-H.K.); (J.D.)
| | - John T. Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (A.M.S.); (N.E.M.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Mohamed Salleh NAB, Tanaka Y, Sutarlie L, Su X. Detecting bacterial infections in wounds: a review of biosensors and wearable sensors in comparison with conventional laboratory methods. Analyst 2022; 147:1756-1776. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Review on laboratory-based methods and biosensors and wearable sensors for detecting wound infection by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Asinah binte Mohamed Salleh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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24
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Dvořáková K, Štěpánek P, Kroupová J, Zbytovská J. N-Alkylmorpholines: Potent Dermal and Transdermal Skin Permeation Enhancers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:64. [PMID: 35056959 PMCID: PMC8778526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive non-invasive method offering numerous advantages over the conventional routes of administration. The main obstacle to drug transport is, however, the powerful skin barrier that needs to be modulated, for example, by transdermal permeation enhancers. Unfortunately, there are still only a few enhancers showing optimum properties including low toxicity and reversibility of enhancing effects. For this reason, we investigated a series of new N-alkylmorpholines with various side chains as potential enhancers in an in vitro permeation study, using three model permeants (theophylline, indomethacin, diclofenac). Moreover, electrical impedance, transepidermal water loss, cellular toxicity and infrared spectroscopy measurements were applied to assess the effect of enhancers on skin integrity, reversibility, toxicity and enhancers' mode of action, respectively. Our results showed a bell-shaped relationship between the enhancing activity and the hydrocarbon chain length of the N-alkylmorpholines, with the most efficient derivatives having 10-14 carbons for both transdermal and dermal delivery. These structures were even more potent than the unsaturated oleyl derivative. The best results were obtained for indomethacin, where particularly the C10-14 derivatives showed significantly stronger effects than the traditional enhancer Azone. Further experiments revealed reversibility in the enhancing effect, acceptable toxicity and a mode of action based predominantly on interactions with stratum corneum lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Dvořáková
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiřina Kroupová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jarmila Zbytovská
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
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25
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Chen Y, Guo X, Mensah A, Wang Q, Wei Q. Nature-Inspired Hydrogel Network for Efficient Tissue-Specific Underwater Adhesive. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59761-59771. [PMID: 34894672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Underwater adhesives with efficient, selective, and repeatable adhesion are urgently needed for biomedical applications. Catechol-containing hydrogel adhesives have aroused much interest, but the design of specific underwater adhesives to biotic surfaces is still a challenge. Here we report a facile way that recapitulates the adhesion mechanism of mussel and sea gooseberry for the development of robust and specific hydrogel adhesives. With an exquisite design of chemical bonding, catechol chemistry, and electrostatic interaction, the hydrogel consisting of poly(acrylic acid) grafted with N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (PAA-NHS ester), tea polyphenol (TP), chitosan (CS), and Al3+ exhibited fast, specific, and repeatable underwater adhesion to various biological tissues, such as porcine skin, intestine, liver, and shrimp. Furthermore, nanofibers-hydrogel composite (NF-HG) was prepared via the wicking effect of curcumin-loaded electrospun nanofibers. The NF-HG exhibited pH-responsive color changing properties, sustained drug release, and good cell viability, which made it suitable as a novel wound healing material. This strategy may provide great inspiration for designing multifunctional specific underwater adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred Mensah
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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26
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Sharma A, Rawal P, Tripathi DM, Alodiya D, Sarin SK, Kaur S, Ghosh S. Upgrading Hepatic Differentiation and Functions on 3D Printed Silk-Decellularized Liver Hybrid Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3861-3873. [PMID: 34318665 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We developed hybrid liver-specific three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds using a solubilized native decellularized liver (DCL) matrix and silk fibroin (SF) and investigated their ability to support functional cultures of hepatic cells. Rat livers were decellularized by perfusing detergents via the portal vein, solubilized using pepsin to form DCL, and characterized. SF blended with gelatin (8% w/v) was optimized with varying percentages of DCL to obtain silk gelatin-DCL bioink (SG-DCL). Different compositions of SG-DCL were studied by rheology for optimum versatility and print fidelity. 3D printed six-layered scaffolds were fabricated using a sophisticated direct-write 3D bioprinter. Huh7 cells were cultured on the 3D printed scaffolds for 3 weeks. 3D printed SG scaffolds without DCL along with 2D films (SG and SG-DCL) and 2D culture on tissue culture Petri dish control were used for comparative studies. The DCL matrix showed the absence of cells in histology and SEM. The combined SG-DCL ink at all of the studied DCL percentages (1-10%) revealed shear-thinning behavior in the printable range. The storage modulus value for the SG-DCL ink at all DCL percentages was higher than the loss modulus. In comparison to 2D controls, hepatic cells cultured on 3D SG-DCL revealed increased proliferation until 2 weeks and an upregulated expression of hepatocyte markers, including asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1). The Wnt pathway gene β-catenin was upregulated by more than 4-fold in 3D SG-DCL on day 3, while it showed a decline on day 7 as compared to 3D SG and also 2D controls. The expression of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was however lower in both 2D SG-DCL (2-fold) and 3D SG-DCL (2.5-fold) as compared to that in 2D controls. Immunofluorescence studies validated the protein expression of ASGR1 in 3D SG-DCL. Albumin (ALB) was not identified on SG scaffolds but prominently expressed in 3D SG-DCL constructs. In comparison to 2D SG, both ALB (1.8-fold) and urea (5-fold) were enhanced in cells cultured on 3D SG-DCL on day 7 of culture. Hence, the SG-DCL 3D printed scaffolds provide a conducive microenvironment for elevating differentiation and functions of hepatic cells possibly through an involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sharma
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Preety Rawal
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | | | - Dashrath Alodiya
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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27
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Valetti S, Thomsen H, Wankar J, Falkman P, Manet I, Feiler A, Ericson MB, Engblom J. Can mesoporous nanoparticles promote bioavailability of topical pharmaceutics? Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120609. [PMID: 33901597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
When applied to skin, particulate matter has been shown to accumulate in hair follicles. In addition to follicles, the skin topography also incorporates trench-like furrows where particles potentially can accumulate; however, the furrows have not been as thoroughly investigated in a drug delivery perspective. Depending on body site, the combined follicle orifices cover up to 10% of the skin surface, while furrows can easily cover 20%, reaching depths exceeding 25 µm. Hence, porous particles of appropriate size and porosity could serve as carriers for drugs to be released in the follicles prior to local or systemic absorption. In this paper, we combine multiphoton microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Franz cell diffusion technology to investigate ex-vivo skin accumulation of mesoporous silica particles (average size of 400-600 nm, 2, and 7 µm, respectively), and the potential of which as vehicles for topical delivery of the broad-spectrum antibiotic metronidazole. We detected smaller particles (400-600 nm) in furrows at depths of about 25 µm, also after rinsing, while larger particles (7 µm) where located more superficially on the skin. This implies that appropriately sized porous particles may serve as valuable excipients in optimizing bioavailability of topical formulations. This work highlights the potential of skin furrows for topical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Valetti
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Nanologica AB, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Thomsen
- Biomedical Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jitendra Wankar
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Falkman
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ilse Manet
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Adam Feiler
- Nanologica AB, Södertälje, Sweden; KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marica B Ericson
- Biomedical Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Engblom
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
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28
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Mouritzen MV, Petkovic M, Qvist K, Poulsen SS, Alarico S, Leal EC, Dalgaard LT, Empadinhas N, Carvalho E, Jenssen H. Improved diabetic wound healing by LFcinB is associated with relevant changes in the skin immune response and microbiota. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:726-739. [PMID: 33738327 PMCID: PMC7940703 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bovine lactoferricin (LFcinB) has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties; however, the effects on diabetic wound healing remain poorly understood. The wound healing potential of LFcinB was investigated with in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. Cell migration and proliferation were tested on keratinocytes and on porcine ears. A type 1 diabetic mouse model was also used to evaluate wound healing kinetics, bacterial diversity patterns, and the effect of LFcinB on oxidative stress, macrophage phenotype, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. LFcinB increased keratinocyte migration in vitro (p < 0.05) and ex vivo (p < 0.001) and improved wound healing in diabetic mice (p < 0.05), though not in normoglycemic control mice. In diabetic mouse wounds, LFcinB treatment led to the eradication of Bacillus pumilus, a decrease in Staphylococcus aureus, and an increase in the Staphylococcus xylosus prevalence. LFcinB increased angiogenesis in diabetic mice (p < 0.01), but this was decreased in control mice (p < 0.05). LFcinB improved collagen deposition in both diabetic and control mice (p < 0.05). Both oxidative stress and the M1-to-M2 macrophage ratios were decreased in LFcinB-treated wounds of diabetic animals (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) compared with saline, suggesting a downregulation of inflammation in diabetic wounds. In conclusion, LFcinB treatment demonstrated noticeable positive effects on diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Petkovic
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Katrine Qvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Steen S. Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Alarico
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo C. Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Louise T. Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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29
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Omar MM, Laprise-Pelletier M, Chevallier P, Tuduri L, Fortin MA. High-Sensitivity Permeation Analysis of Ultrasmall Nanoparticles Across the Skin by Positron Emission Tomography. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:729-745. [PMID: 33689293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticles (US-NPs; <20 nm in hydrodynamic size) are now included in a variety of pharmacological and cosmetic products, and new technologies are needed to detect at high sensitivity the passage of small doses of these products across biological barriers such as the skin. In this work, a diffusion cell adapted to positron emission tomography (PET), a highly sensitive imaging technology, was developed to measure the passage of gold NPs (AuNPs) in skin samples in continuous mode. US-AuNPs (3.2 nm diam.; TEM) were functionalized with deferoxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with 89Zr(IV) (half-life: 3.3 days, matching the timeline of diffusion tests). The physicochemical properties of the functionalized US-AuNPs (US-AuNPs-PEG-DFO) were characterized by FTIR (DFO grafting; hydroxamate peaks: 1629.0 cm-1, 1569.0 cm-1), XPS (presence of the O═C-N C 1s peak of DFO at 287.49 eV), and TGA (organic mass fraction). The passage of US-AuNPs-PEG-DFO-89Zr(IV) in skin samples was measured by PET, and the diffusion parameters were extracted thereby. The signals of radioactive US-AuNPs-PEG-DFO-89Zr(IV) leaving the donor compartment, passing through the skin, and entering the acceptor compartment were detected in continuous at concentrations as low as 2.2 nM of Au. The high-sensitivity acquisitions performed in continuous allowed for the first time to extract the lag time to the start of permeation, the lag time to start of the steady state, the diffusion coefficients, and the influx data for AuNPs permeating into the skin. PET could represent a highly valuable tool for the development of nanoparticle-containing topical formulations of drugs and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Omar
- Département de génie des mines, de la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Médecine régénératrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 2705, boul. Laurier (T1-61a), Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Myriam Laprise-Pelletier
- Axe Médecine régénératrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 2705, boul. Laurier (T1-61a), Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Axe Médecine régénératrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 2705, boul. Laurier (T1-61a), Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ludovic Tuduri
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5805, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Équipe Physico et Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, Université de Bordeaux, Talence 33405, France
| | - Marc-André Fortin
- Département de génie des mines, de la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Médecine régénératrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, 2705, boul. Laurier (T1-61a), Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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30
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Dachir S, Cohen M, Buch H, Kadar T. Skin decontamination efficacy of sulfur mustard and VX in the pig model: A comparison between Fuller's earth and RSDL. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 336:109393. [PMID: 33508307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin decontamination following exposure to chemical agents is a most important component of the individual defense doctrine, removing the agent, ceasing its penetration and preventing secondary contamination of the first responders. The goal of the current study was to compare the efficacy of Reactive Skin Decontaminant Lotion (RSDL) and Fuller's Earth (FE) following exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) and VX, aiming to find the optimal procedure for mass casualty decontamination protocol. Decontamination efficacy was evaluated in pigs by measurement of lesion area and erythema (SM) and cholinesterase inhibition and clinical symptoms (VX). FE and RSDL were highly effective against both agents. Following SM exposure, the two decontaminants demonstrated a significant decrease in lesions' size together with the decrease in exposure duration. Likewise, skin decontamination following exposure to VX with either FE or RSDL resulted in reduction in clinical symptoms and prevention of death. Decontamination was worthwhile even if postponed, up to 30 min (SM) and 2 h (VX). In conclusion, both decontamination products were efficient in ameliorating the toxic effects even though in a different mechanism. Finally, for mass casualty scenario, FE is preferred as a universal decontaminant, considering its safety, ease of use and longer shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Dachir
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
| | - Maayan Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hillel Buch
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tamar Kadar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
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31
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Xu Y, Ji Y, Ma J. Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Effects in a Mussel-Inspired Citrate-Based Adhesive. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:311-321. [PMID: 33351636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The citrate-based tissue adhesive, synthesized by citric acid, diol, and dopamine, is a kind of mussel-inspired adhesive. The adhesion of mussel-inspired adhesive is not completely dependent on 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) groups. The backbone structure of the adhesive also greatly affects the adhesion. In this study, to explore the effects of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the backbone structure on adhesion, we prepared a series of citrate-based tissue adhesives (POEC-d) by changing the molar ratio of two diols, 1, 8-octanediol (O) and poly(ethylene oxide) (E), which formed hydrophobic segment units and hydrophilic segment units, respectively, in the molecule structure. The properties of cured adhesives showed that the adhesive with high E units had high swelling, rapid degradation, and low cohesion. In the adhesion strength measurement on the porcine skin, the adhesive with higher hydrophobicity was more likely to perform better. For the interfacial adhesion, hydrophilicity was conducive to the diffusion and penetration on the skin surface, but hydrophobic interaction showed a stronger effect to adhere with skin and hydrophobic association increased the adhesive concentration on the interface; for the bulk cohesion, hydrophobicity led to coacervation, promoting the Dopa-quinone coupling for cross-linking. In this amphipathic, citrate-based, soft-tissue adhesive system, when the feed ratio of hydrophilic segment was lower than 0.7, the coacervation could be formed through hydrophobic interaction, forming an efficient underwater adhesion system similar to that of mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yali Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Heard CM. An ex vivo skin model to probe modulation of local cutaneous arachidonic acid inflammation pathway. J Biol Methods 2020; 7:e138. [PMID: 33204741 PMCID: PMC7666330 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2020.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for inexpensive and reliable means to determine the modulation of cutaneous inflammation. The method outlined in this article draws together a number of scientific techniques and makes use of generally unwanted biological tissues as a means of determining skin inflammation ex vivo, and focuses on probing aspects of the arachidonic acid inflammation pathway. Freshly excised skin contains elevated levels of short-lived inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and, under viable conditions, COX-2 and its eicosanoid products will continue to be produced until tissue necrosis, providing a window of time in which relative levels can be probed to determine exacerbation due to an upregulating factor or downregulation due the presence of an agent exerting anti-inflammatory activity. Ex vivo porcine skin, mounted in Franz diffusion cells, is dosed topically with the xenobiotic challenge and then techniques such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry can then be used to probe relative COX-2 levels on a semi-quantitative or qualitative level. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or LCMS can be used to determine relative prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) levels. Thus far, the technique has been used to examine the effects of topically applied anti-inflammatories (betamethasone, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and methotrexate), natural products (fish oil, Devil’s claw extract and pomegranate rind extract) and drug delivery vehicle (polyNIPAM nanogels). Topically applied xenobiotics that modulate factors such as COX-2 and PGE-2 must penetrate the intact skin, and this provides direct evidence of overcoming the "barrier function" of the stratum corneum in order to target the viable epidermis in sufficient levels to be able to elicit such effects. This system has particular potential as a pre-clinical screening tool for those working on the development of topical delivery systems, and has the additional advantage of being in line with 3 Rs philosophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Heard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3 NB Wales, United Kingdom
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Alex A, Chaney EJ, Žurauskas M, Criley JM, Spillman DR, Hutchison PB, Li J, Marjanovic M, Frey S, Arp Z, Boppart SA. In vivo characterization of minipig skin as a model for dermatological research using multiphoton microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:953-960. [PMID: 33311854 PMCID: PMC7725480 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Minipig skin is one of the most widely used non-rodent animal skin models for dermatological research. A thorough characterization of minipig skin is essential for gaining deeper understanding of its structural and functional similarities with human skin. In this study, three-dimensional (3-D) in vivo images of minipig skin was obtained non-invasively using a multimodal optical imaging system capable of acquiring two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images simultaneously. The images of the structural features of different layers of the minipig skin were qualitatively and quantitatively compared with those of human skin. Label-free imaging of skin was possible due to the endogenous fluorescence and optical properties of various components in the skin such as keratin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H), melanin, elastin, and collagen. This study demonstrates the capability of optical biopsy techniques, such as TPEF and FLIM, for in vivo non-invasive characterization of cellular and functional features of minipig skin, and the optical image-based similarities of this commonly utilized model of human skin. These optical imaging techniques have the potential to become promising tools in dermatological research for developing a better understanding of animal skin models, and for aiding in translational pre-clinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Alex
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- GSK, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mantas Žurauskas
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Criley
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Phaedra B. Hutchison
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joanne Li
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen A. Boppart
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Dijkhoff IM, Drasler B, Karakocak BB, Petri-Fink A, Valacchi G, Eeman M, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Impact of airborne particulate matter on skin: a systematic review from epidemiology to in vitro studies. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:35. [PMID: 32711561 PMCID: PMC7382801 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is killing close to 5 million people a year, and harming billions more. Air pollution levels remain extremely high in many parts of the world, and air pollution-associated premature deaths have been reported for urbanized areas, particularly linked to the presence of airborne nano-sized and ultrafine particles. MAIN TEXT To date, most of the research studies did focus on the adverse effects of air pollution on the human cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Although the skin is in direct contact with air pollutants, their damaging effects on the skin are still under investigation. Epidemiological data suggested a correlation between exposure to air pollutants and aggravation of symptoms of chronic immunological skin diseases. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted to understand the current knowledge on the effects of airborne particulate matter on human skin. It aims at providing a deeper understanding of the interactions between air pollutants and skin to further assess their potential risks for human health. CONCLUSION Particulate matter was shown to induce a skin barrier dysfunction and provoke the formation of reactive oxygen species through direct and indirect mechanisms, leading to oxidative stress and induced activation of the inflammatory cascade in human skin. Moreover, a positive correlation was reported between extrinsic aging and atopic eczema relative risk with increasing particulate matter exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini M Dijkhoff
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Drasler
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bedia Begum Karakocak
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Animal Sciences, PHHI NCRC, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | | | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Sun F, Bu Y, Chen Y, Yang F, Yu J, Wu D. An Injectable and Instant Self-Healing Medical Adhesive for Wound Sealing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9132-9140. [PMID: 32058692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Designing versatile functional medical adhesives with injectability, self-healing, and strong adhesion is of great significance to achieve desirable therapeutic effects for promoting wound sealing in healthcare. Herein, a self-healing injectable adhesive is fabricated by physical interaction of polyphenol compound tannic acid (TA) and eight-arm poly(ethylene glycol) end-capped with succinimide glutarate active ester (PEG-SG). The hydrogen bonding induced from the structural unit (-CH2-CH2-O-) of PEG and catechol hydroxyl (-OH) of TA, accompanied by ester exchange between N-hydroxysuccinimide (-NHS) and amino (-NH2) of proteins, contributes to self-healing ability and rapid strong adhesion. Notably, the PEG/TA adhesive can repeatedly adhere to rigid porcine tissues, close the coronary artery under a large incision tension, and bear a heavy load of 2 kg. By exhibiting shear-thinning and anti-swelling properties, the PEG/TA adhesive can be easily applied through single-syringe extrusion onto various wounds. The single-channel toothpaste-like feature of the adhesive ensures its storage hermetically for portable usage. Moreover, in vivo operation and histological H&E staining results indicate that the PEG/TA adhesive greatly accelerates wound healing and tissue regeneration in a rat model. With the specialty of injectability, instant self-healing, and long-lasting strong adhesion to facilitate excellent therapeutic effects, the multifunctional PEG/TA adhesive may provide a new alternative for self-rescue and surgical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yazhong Bu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yourong Chen
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Fei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jiakuo Yu
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
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Yepes-Molina L, Martínez-Ballesta MC, Carvajal M. Plant plasma membrane vesicles interaction with keratinocytes reveals their potential as carriers. J Adv Res 2020; 23:101-111. [PMID: 32089878 PMCID: PMC7025959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli root vesicles showed stability and high entrapment efficiency. Nanoencapsulation with membrane vesicles provide an efficient system for keratinocytes cell delivery. Effectivity is probed by penetrating in skin layers.
During the last few years, membrane vesicles (as exovesicles) have emerged as potential nanocarriers for therapeutic applications. They are receiving attention due to their proteo-lipid nature, size, biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this work, we investigated the potential use of isolated root plasma membrane vesicles from broccoli plants as nanocarriers. For that, the entrapment efficiency and integrity of the vesicles were determined. Also, the delivery of keratinocytes and penetrability through skin were studied. The results show that the broccoli vesicles had high stability, in relation to their proteins, and high entrapment efficiency. Also, the interaction between the vesicles and keratinocytes was proven by the delivery of an encapsulated fluorescent product into cells and by the detection of plant proteins in the keratinocyte plasma membrane, showing the interactions between the membranes of two species of distinct biological kingdoms. Therefore, these results, together with the capacity of brassica vesicles to cross the skin layers, detected by fluorescent penetration, enable us to propose a type of nanocarrier obtained from natural plant membranes for use in transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Yepes-Molina
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Martínez-Ballesta
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Ventura RD, Padalhin AR, Park CM, Lee BT. Enhanced decellularization technique of porcine dermal ECM for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Moolakkadath T, Aqil M, Ahad A, Imam SS, Praveen A, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M, Iqbal Z. Fisetin loaded binary ethosomes for management of skin cancer by dermal application on UV exposed mice. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:78-91. [PMID: 30742987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fisetin loaded binary ethosomes were prepared and optimized using Box-Behnken design for dermal application to alleviate skin cancer. The prepared formulations were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and flux of fisetin. Additionally, the optimized formulation was further evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, vesicles-skin interaction, dermatokinetic study and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) assay. The in vivo study was carried out for the evaluation of tumor incidence, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1α, lipid peroxidation values, glutathione content and catalase activity in mice. The optimized binary ethosomes formulation presented sealed unilamellar shaped vesicles, with vesicles size, entrapment efficiency and flux of 99.89 ± 3.24 nm, 89.23 ± 2.13% and 1.01 ± 0.03 µg/cm2/h respectively. The confocal images of rat skin clearly illustrated the deeper penetration of rhodamine B loaded binary ethosomes formulation. Further, the binary ethosomes gel treated rat skin showed substantial increase in CSkin max and AUC0-8 in comparison to rat skin treated with conventional gel. In vivo study revealed that the mice pre-treated with fisetin binary ethosomes gel caused marked decrease in the levels of TNF-α and IL-1α as compared to the mice exposed to UV only. Further the binary ethosomes gel treated mice group had demonstrated less percentage of tumour incidences (49%) as compared to mice treated with UV only (96% tumour incidence). The novelty of the work lies in successful optimization of formulation using Box-Behnken design and characterization of binary ethosomes carrier of fisetin and demonstration of improved dermal delivery of the same. The overall data suggest that the fisetin loaded binary ethosomes formulation is a potential dermal delivery system for the management of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thasleem Moolakkadath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, U.P., India
| | - Arshiya Praveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, New Delhi 110062, India
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Zhang X, Fincke JR, Wynn CM, Johnson MR, Haupt RW, Anthony BW. Full noncontact laser ultrasound: first human data. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:119. [PMID: 31885865 PMCID: PMC6923376 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Full noncontact laser ultrasound (LUS) imaging has several distinct advantages over current medical ultrasound (US) technologies: elimination of the coupling mediums (gel/water), operator-independent image quality, improved repeatability, and volumetric imaging. Current light-based ultrasound utilizing tissue-penetrating photoacoustics (PA) generally uses traditional piezoelectric transducers in contact with the imaged tissue or carries an optical fiber detector close to the imaging site. Unlike PA, the LUS design presented here minimizes the optical penetration and specifically restricts optical-to-acoustic energy transduction at the tissue surface, maximizing the generated acoustic source amplitude. With an appropriate optical design and interferometry, any exposed tissue surfaces can become viable acoustic sources and detectors. LUS operates analogously to conventional ultrasound but uses light instead of piezoelectric elements. Here, we present full noncontact LUS results, imaging targets at ~5 cm depths and at a meter-scale standoff from the target surface. Experimental results demonstrating volumetric imaging and the first LUS images on humans are presented, all at eye- and skin-safe optical exposure levels. The progression of LUS imaging from tissue-mimicking phantoms, to excised animal tissue, to humans in vivo is shown, with validation from conventional ultrasound images. The LUS system design insights and results presented here inspire further LUS development and are a significant step toward the clinical implementation of LUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jonathan R. Fincke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Charles M. Wynn
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02421 USA
| | - Matt R. Johnson
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02421 USA
| | - Robert W. Haupt
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02421 USA
| | - Brian W. Anthony
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 45 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
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Enhanced delivery of naproxen to the viable epidermis from an activated poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) Nanogel: Skin penetration, modulation of COX-2 expression and rat paw oedema. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2051-2059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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41
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Prasad A, Balukova A, Pospíšil P. Triplet Excited Carbonyls and Singlet Oxygen Formation During Oxidative Radical Reaction in Skin. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1109. [PMID: 30158877 PMCID: PMC6104306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the body and is consistently exposed to aggressive environmental attacks (biological/physical/chemical, etc.). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed during the normal oxidative metabolism which enhances to a lethal level under stress conditions referred to as oxidative stress. While, under normal conditions, cells are capable of dealing with ROS using non-enzymatic and enzymatic defense system, it can lead to a critical damage to cell system via the oxidation of cellular components under stress condition. Lipid peroxidation is a well-established mechanism of cellular injury in all kinds of organisms and it is often used as an indicator of oxidative stress in cells and tissues. In the presence of metal ions, ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produces highly reactive hydroxyl radical (HO•) via Fenton reaction. In the current study, we have used the porcine skin (intact pig ear/skin biopsies) as an ex vivo/in vitro model system to represent human skin. Experimental results have been presented on the participation of HO• in the initiation of lipid peroxidation and thereby leading to the formation of reactive intermediates and the formation of electronically excited species eventually leading to ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). To understand the participation of different electronically excited species in the overall UPE, the effect of a scavenger of singlet oxygen (1O2) on photon emission in the visible and near-infrared region of the spectrum was measured which showed its contribution. In addition, measurement with interference filter with a transmission in the range of 340-540 nm reflected a substantial contribution of triplet carbonyls (3L=O∗) in the photon emission. Thus, it is concluded that during the oxidative radical reactions, the UPE is contributed by the formation of both 3L=O∗ and 1O2. The method used in the current study is claimed to be a potential tool for non-invasive determination of the physiological and pathological state of human skin in dermatological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Anastasiia Balukova
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
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Choe C, Schleusener J, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Human skin in vivo has a higher skin barrier function than porcine skin ex vivo-comprehensive Raman microscopic study of the stratum corneum. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700355. [PMID: 29460347 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Porcine skin is widely used as a human skin model in dermatology. For both, porcine stratum corneum (SC) ex vivo and human SC in vivo, the hydrogen bonding states of water, the secondary and tertiary structures of keratin, the natural moisturizing factor (NMF) concentrations and the intercellular lipids' (ICL) lateral organization are investigated depth-dependently using confocal Raman microscopy. The SC depth profiles show that porcine SC ex vivo is characterized by lower hydrogen bonding states of water (10%-30% SC depth), lower NMF concentration in the whole SC, more β-sheet form of keratin (10%-90% SC depth), more folded tertiary keratin structures (30%-70% SC depth) and higher hexagonal lateral packing order of ICL (10%-50% SC depth) compared to human SC in vivo. The results clearly show a higher value of skin barrier function of human SC in vivo than of porcine SC ex vivo. Thus, the human SC in vivo is less permeable for lipophilic and hydrophilic substances than porcine SC ex vivo. Considering the porcine SC as an ex vivo model of human SC in vivo, these findings should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunSik Choe
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-Dong, Taesong District, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Kim M, Ondrusek BA, Lee C, Douglas WG, Chung H. Synthesis of lightly crosslinked zwitterionic polymer-based bioinspired adhesives for intestinal tissue sealing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Building A, Suite A131; Tallahassee Florida 32310
| | - Brian A. Ondrusek
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Building A, Suite A131; Tallahassee Florida 32310
| | - Choogon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida 32306
| | - Wade G. Douglas
- General Surgery Residency Program at Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1401 Centerville Road, Suite 107; Tallahassee Florida 32308
| | - Hoyong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Building A, Suite A131; Tallahassee Florida 32310
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Martin NA, Falder S. A review of the evidence for threshold of burn injury. Burns 2017; 43:1624-1639. [PMID: 28536038 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burn injury is common and depth is one measure of severity. Although the depth of burn injury is determined by many factors, the relationship between the temperature of the injurious agent and exposure duration, known as the time-temperature relationship, is widely accepted as one of the cornerstones of burn research. Moritz and Henriques first proposed this relationship in 1947 and their seminal work has been cited extensively. However, over the years, readers have misinterpreted their findings and incorporated misleading information about the time-temperature relationship into a wide range of industrial standards, burn prevention literature and medicolegal opinion. AIM The purpose of this paper is to present a critical review of the evidence that relates temperature and time to cell death and the depth of burn injury. These concepts are used by researchers, burn prevention strategists, burn care teams and child protection professionals involved in ascertaining how the mechanism of burning relates to the injury pattern and whether the injury is consistent with the history. REVIEW METHODS This review explores the robustness of the currently available evidence. The paper summarises the research from burn damage experimental work as well as bioheat transfer models and discusses the merits and limitations of these approaches. REVIEW FINDINGS There is broad agreement between in vitro and in vivo studies for superficial burns. There is clear evidence that the perception of pain in adult human skin occurs just above 43°C. When the basal layer of the epidermis reaches 44°C, burn injury occurs. For superficial dermal burns, the rate of tissue damage increases logarithmically with a linear increase in temperature. Beyond 70°C, rate of damage is so rapid that interpretation can be difficult. Depth of injury is also influenced by skin thickness, blood flow and cooling after injury. There is less clinical evidence for a time-temperature relationship for deep or subdermal burns. Bioheat transfer models are useful in research and becoming increasingly sophisticated but currently have limited practical use. Time-temperature relationships have not been established for burns in children's skin, although standards for domestic hot water suggest that the maximum temperature should be revised downward by 3-4°C to provide adequate burn protection for children. CONCLUSION Time-temperature relationships established for pain and superficial dermal burns in adult human skin have an extensive experimental modeling basis and reasonable clinical validation. However, time-temperature relationships for subdermal burns, full thickness burns and burn injury in children have limited clinical validation, being extrapolated from other data, and should be used with caution, particularly if presented during expert evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Martin
- St. Andrews Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 7ET, UK.
| | - S Falder
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK.
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Schönhals A, Tholl H, Glasmacher M, Kröger-Lui N, Pucci A, Petrich W. Optical properties of porcine dermis in the mid-infrared absorption band of glucose. Analyst 2017; 142:1235-1243. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mid-infrared absorption and scattering properties of porcine dermis are quantified using quantum cascade laser-based goniometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Schönhals
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics
- Heidelberg University
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hans Tholl
- Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co. KG
- 88662 Überlingen
- Germany
| | | | - Niels Kröger-Lui
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics
- Heidelberg University
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics
- Heidelberg University
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Petrich
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics
- Heidelberg University
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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The influence of the bullet shape on the width of abrasion collars and the size of gunshot entrance holes. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:441-445. [PMID: 27909866 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate if there is any correlation between the bullet design and the respective dimensions of the abrasion collar and the skin defect in gunshot entrance wounds, experimental studies were performed on dyed pig skin. For the test shots, .38 Special revolver cartridges with three different bullet designs (round nose, wadcutter, and truncated cone) were used. With the help of an image editing program in combination with an image analyzing system, the area size of the abrasion rings and the skin defects was calculated automatically. The measured values differed significantly depending on the bullet type: the abrasion ring areas were largest in shots with round nose bullets and smallest with wadcutter projectiles. With regard to the entrance hole size, the relationship was inverse. The results are discussed with reference to the pertinent literature concerning the dynamic interaction between bullet and skin.
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Patel N, Jain S, Lin S. Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of tacrine hydrochloride: Correlation between in vitro permeation and in vivo performance in rats. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:393-403. [PMID: 27633278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present investigation is to evaluate the feasibility of transdermal iontophoretic delivery of tacrine hydrochloride in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using anodal iontophoretic patches and to correlate plasma tacrine concentration profiles to in vitro tacrine permeation flux. In vitro skin permeation studies were carried out across artificial membrane CELGRAD® 2400, freshly excised SD rat abdominal skin, freshly excised hairless rat abdominal skin, and frozen pig skin to examine the role of permeation membranes. Furthermore, plasma profiles with an application of 0.1-0.3mA current strength and tacrine concentration loading of 5-20mg/ml were obtained in SD rats. The tacrine plasma profiles were fitted to one-compartmental model using WinNonlin and in vivo transdermal absorption rates were then correlated to in vitro permeation profiles using various approaches. Tacrine permeation across membranes revealed current dependent interspecies differences at lower current strength application which diminished at higher current strength application, whereas, no significant difference in tacrine permeation was observed across fresh and frozen SD rat skin under 0.2mA current application. In vivo studies confirmed current and concentration dependent tacrine plasma profiles with possible tacrine depot formation under the skin in-line with earlier in vitro results. Correlation of in vivo transdermal absorption rates to in vitro permeation profiles revealed higher in vitro permeation fluxes compare to in vivo transdermal absorption rates at varied combination of current strength and concentrations. Present in vivo studies support the earlier published in vitro findings and tacrine plasma profiles show a potential to reach therapeutic effective concentration of tacrine hydrochloride to provide a platform for pre-programmed tacrine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketkumar Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Shashank Jain
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Senshang Lin
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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Misra SK, Mukherjee P, Chang HH, Tiwari S, Gryka M, Bhargava R, Pan D. Multi-functionality Redefined with Colloidal Carotene Carbon Nanoparticles for Synchronized Chemical Imaging, Enriched Cellular Uptake and Therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29299. [PMID: 27405011 PMCID: PMC4941412 DOI: 10.1038/srep29299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically, multiplexing high nanoparticle uptake, imaging, and therapy requires careful integration of three different functions of a multiscale molecular-particle assembly. Here, we present a simpler approach to multiplexing by utilizing one component of the system for multiple functions. Specifically, we successfully synthesized and characterized colloidal carotene carbon nanoparticle (C(3)-NP), in which a single functional molecule served a threefold purpose. First, the presence of carotene moieties promoted the passage of the particle through the cell membrane and into the cells. Second, the ligand acted as a potent detrimental moiety for cancer cells and, finally, the ligands produced optical contrast for robust microscopic detection in complex cellular environments. In comparative tests, C(3)-NP were found to provide effective intracellular delivery that enables both robust detection at cellular and tissue level and presents significant therapeutic potential without altering the mechanism of intracellular action of β-carotene. Surface coating of C(3) with phospholipid was used to generate C(3)-Lipocoat nanoparticles with further improved function and biocompatibility, paving the path to eventual in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Prabuddha Mukherjee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Huei-Huei Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Saumya Tiwari
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Mark Gryka
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Tan YJ, Lee CS, Er HM, Lim WH, Wong SF. In-vitro evaluation of griseofulvin loaded lipid nanoparticles for topical delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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