1
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Pantazopoulou P, Kalogeropoulou S, Theohari S, Papamichalis E, Tzeli D. Evaluation of Crocin as green corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in NaCl solution. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2147834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Pantazopoulou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Kalogeropoulou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatina Theohari
- Graphic Design and Visual Communication Department, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Papamichalis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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2
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Sugahara T, Hashizume D, Tokitoh N, Matsui H, Kishi R, Nakano M, Sasamori T. Characterization of resonance structures in aromatic rings of benzene and its heavier-element analogues. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22557-22561. [PMID: 36000346 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the experimental visualization of the valence-electron-density distribution in benzene and its kinetically stabilized heavier-element analogues, i.e., 1,2-disilabenzene and 1,2-digermabenzene. The valence-electron-density-distribution (EDD) analysis on the 1,2-disila- and 1,2-digermabenzenes revealed that these contain incompletely delocalized π electrons on their cyclic conjugation systems, making them less aromatic compared to benzene. Based on the results of this EDD analysis in combination with anisotropy of the current-induced density (ACID) calculations, considerable contributions from the characteristic resonance structures of 1,2-disila- and 1,2-digermabenzenes with cleaved EE bonds can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sugahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC) and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB) Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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3
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Báez-Grez R, Pino-Rios R. Evaluation of Slight Changes in Aromaticity through Electronic and Density Functional Reactivity Theory-Based Descriptors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21939-21945. [PMID: 35785290 PMCID: PMC9245093 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aromaticity is a useful tool to rationalize the structure, stability, and reactivity in several compounds. Although aromaticity is not directly an observable, it is well accepted that electronic delocalization around the molecular ring is a key stabilizing feature of aromatic compounds. This contribution presents a systematic evaluation of the capability of delocalization and reactivity criteria to describe aromaticity in a set of fluorinated benzenes. The aromaticity indices are compared with quantities obtained from the magnetic criteria of aromaticity, i.e., the strength of the ring current induced by an external magnetic field and the popular NICS zz (1) index. In this evaluation, the indices based on delocalization criteria used are aromatic fluctuation index (FLU), para-delocalization index (PDI), PDIπ, and the multicenter delocalization index (MCI). In addition, indices based on the bifurcation values of scalar functions are derived from electron density such as electron localization function (the π contribution, ELFπ) and the π contribution of the localized orbital locator (LOLπ). Furthermore, reactivity indices based on chemical reactivity and the information-theoretic (reactivity) approach are para-linear response (PLR), Shannon entropy, Fisher information, and Ghosh-Berkowitz-Parr (GBP) entropy. The results obtained show that the delocalization-based indicators present a high sensitivity to slight changes in aromaticity and that the reactivity criterion can be considered as a complementary tool for the study of this phenomenon, even when these changes are minimal. These results encourage the use of multiple indicators for a complete understanding of aromaticity in various chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Báez-Grez
- Computational
and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad
Andres Bello, República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Instituto
de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500912 Santiago, Chile
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4
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Energetic and Geometric Characteristics of Substituents, Part 3: The Case of NO2 and NH2 Groups in Their Mono-Substituted Derivatives of Six-Membered Heterocycles. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substituted heterocyclic arenes play important roles in biochemistry, catalysis, and in the design of functional materials. Exemplary six-membered heteroaromatic molecules, that differ from benzene by inclusion of one heteroatom, are pyridine, phosphorine, arsabenzene, and borabenzene. This theoretical study concerns the influence of the heteroatom present in these molecules on the properties of substituents of two types: electron-donating (ED) NH2 group and electron-accepting (EA) NO2 group, attached at the 2-, 3-, or 4-position. The effect is evaluated by the energy of interaction (Erel) between the substituent and the substituted system and electronic properties of the substituents described by the charge of the substituent active region (cSAR) index. In addition, several geometric descriptors of the substituent and heteroaromatic ring, as well as changes in the aromaticity, are considered. The latter are assessed using the Electron Density of Delocalized Bonds (EDDBs) property of delocalized π electrons. The obtained results show that the electronegativity (EN) of the heteroatom has a profound effect on the EA/ED properties of the substituents. This effect is also reflected in the geometry of studied molecules. The Erel parameter indicates that the relative stability of the molecules is highly related to the electronic interactions between the substituent and the heteroarene. This especially applies to the enhancement or weakening of π-resonance due to the EN of the heteroatom. Additionally, in the 2-heteroarene derivatives, specific through-space ortho interactions contribute to the heteroatom effects.
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5
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M, Aleksić J. Revival of Hückel Aromatic (Poly)benzenoid Subunits in Triplet State Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Silicon Substitution. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101261. [PMID: 34964285 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
By employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations we show that mono- and disilicon substitution in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, having two to four benzene units, quenches their triplet state antiaromaticity by creating Hückel aromatic (poly)benzenoid subunit(s) and weakly antiaromatic, or almost nonaromatic silacycle. Therefore, such systems are predicted to be globally aromatic in both the ground state and the first excited triplet state. Putting the silicon atom(s) into various positions of a hydrocarbon provides an opportunity to tune the singlet-triplet energy gaps. They depend on the global aromaticity degree which, in turn, depends on the type of aromatic carbocyclic subunit(s) and the extent of their aromaticity. On the basis of the set of studied compounds, some preliminary rules on how to regulate the extent of global, semiglobal and local aromaticity are proposed. The results of this work extend the importance of Hückel aromaticity concept to excited triplet states which are usually characterized by the Baird type of (anti)aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Organic Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, SERBIA
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy: Institut za hemiju tehnologiju i metalurgiju, Center for Chemistry, SERBIA
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy: Institut za hemiju tehnologiju i metalurgiju, Center for Chemistry, SERBIA
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6
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N,N‐ and N,O‐6‐membered Ring
peri
‐Annelation in Naphthalene. Is it a Heteroring or merely a
peri
‐ Heterobridge? ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M, Aleksić J. Triplet state (anti)aromaticity of some monoheterocyclic analogues of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By employing DFT calculations, we show the influence of heteroatom substitution on the triplet state (anti)aromaticity of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry
- Technology and Metallurgy – Center for Chemistry
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry
- Technology and Metallurgy – Center for Chemistry
- Belgrade
- Serbia
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8
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Heteroatom effects on aromaticity of five-membered rings in acenaphthylene analogs. J Mol Model 2020; 26:275. [PMID: 32959185 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of cyclic conjugation was thoroughly studied in the series of N- and P-acenaphthylene derivatives using several different aromaticity indices: the energy effect (ef), multicenter delocalization index (MCI), harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) index, and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). The Kekulé-structure-based reasoning predicts that there would be no cyclic conjugation in the "empty" five-membered heteroatom-containing rings in the studied molecules. It was found that according to the ef, MCI, and HOMA values, the extent of cyclic conjugation in the pentagonal rings is strongly influenced by the number and mutual arrangement of the hexagonal rings. In addition, it was revealed that in some of the examined molecules, the intensity of cyclic conjugation in the "empty" pentagons is even stronger than that of some hexagonal rings within the same molecule. The obtained results refute what one would expect based on "chemical intuition," which is usually strongly rooted to the Kekulé structures.Graphical abstract.
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9
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Brown PA, Martin CD, Shuford KL. Aromaticity of unsaturated BEC 4 heterocycles (E = N, P, As, Sb, O, S, Se, Te). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18458-18466. [PMID: 31250870 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A compendium of pnictogen and chalcogen substituted boron heterocycles were assessed for their aromatic character by first principles density functional theory. Group-15 and Group-16 elements were placed at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions of six-membered rings relative to boron to assess their impact on the aromaticity of the unsaturated heterocycles. Aromaticity was analyzed by a multidimensional approach using nuclear independent chemical shifts, gauge-including magnetically induced current, as well as natural bond orbital and natural resonance theory analyses. Based on these methods, we observe a general decline of aromaticity in heavier pnictaborines while the chalcogen analogues maintain relatively strong aromatic character. These general trends result from complementary π-π* natural bond order interactions that sustain resonance within the ring of each heterocycle establishing a pattern of cyclic delocalization. Consequently, natural resonance theory displays strong resonance, which is corroborated with the signed modulus of ring current, toroidal vortices of current maps, and elevated average induced current throughout the ring. The 1,3-configurations for pnictaborines and chalcogenaborines are generally more aromatic compared to the 1,2- and 1,4-isomers, which contain π-holes that limit diatropism within the heterocycles. However, an energetic trend favors the 1,2-heterocycles in both groups, with a few exceptions driven in large-part by π-donation of the lone pair on the heteroatom to the pz orbital on the adjacent boron resulting in stabilization. The importance of planarity for high aromaticity is demonstrated, especially in the pnictaborine isomers where pyramidalization at the pnictogen is favored, while bond regularity seems a less important criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Brown
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, USA.
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10
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Omelchenko IV, Shishkin OV, Dopieralski P, Latajka Z. About the Aromaticity of symm-Triaminotrinitrobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2244-2251. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna V. Omelchenko
- Department of X-ray Diffraction Study and Quantum Chemistry, SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky ave., Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine
| | - Oleg V. Shishkin
- Department of X-ray Diffraction Study and Quantum Chemistry, SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky ave., Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine
| | | | - Zdzislaw Latajka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Pino‐Rios R, Cárdenas‐Jirón G, Ruiz L, Tiznado W. Interpreting Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity through Bifurcation Analysis of the Induced Magnetic Field. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:321-326. [PMID: 30906684 PMCID: PMC6414146 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In all molecules, a current density is induced when the molecule is subjected to an external magnetic field. In turn, this current density creates a particular magnetic field. In this work, the bifurcation value of the induced magnetic field is analyzed in a representative set of aromatic, non-aromatic and antiaromatic monocycles, as well as a set of polycyclic hydrocarbons. The results show that the bifurcation value of the ring-shaped domain adequately classifies the studied molecules according to their aromatic character. For aromatic and nonaromatic molecules, it is possible to analyze two ring-shaped domains, one diatropic (inside the molecular ring) and one paratropic (outside the molecular ring). Meanwhile, for antiaromatic rings, only a diatropic ring-shaped domain (outside the molecular ring) is possible to analyze, since the paratropic domain (inside the molecular ring) is irreducible with the maximum value (attractor) at the center of the molecular ring. In some of the studied cases, i. e., in heteroatomic species, bifurcation values do not follow aromaticity trends and present some inconsistencies in comparison to ring currents strengths, showing that this approximation provides only a qualitative estimation about (anti)aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino‐Rios
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH)Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363Santiago, Estación Central, Región MetropolitanaChile
| | - Gloria Cárdenas‐Jirón
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica, Facultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH)Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363Santiago, Estación Central, Región MetropolitanaChile
| | - Lina Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Computational and Theoretical Chemistry GroupUniversidad Andres Bello (UNAB)Av. República 275Santiago, Región MetropolitanaChile
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12
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Wang J, Oruganti B, Durbeej B. A Straightforward Route to Aromatic Excited States in Molecular Motors that Improves Photochemical Efficiency. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Baswanth Oruganti
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden
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13
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Abstract
This review represents the most complete description of the scientific results obtained on a photochemical reaction described 110 years ago by an Italian scientist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Auria
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
- Italy
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14
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Karaush-Karmazin NN, Baryshnikov GV, Valiulina LI, Valiev R, Ågren H, Minaev BF. Impact of heteroatoms (S, Se, and Te) on the aromaticity of heterocirculenes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computations reveal the structural and energetic aspects of aromaticity in heterocirculenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gleb V. Baryshnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
- Cherkasy
- Ukraine
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
| | | | - Rashid Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- 634050 Tomsk
- Russia
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research
- Faculty of Science
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
- Cherkasy
- Ukraine
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15
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Elguero E, Alkorta I, Elguero J. A theoretical study of the properties of ninety-two “aromatic” six-membered rings including benzene, azines, phosphinines and azaphosphinines. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Elguero
- UMR CNRS 5290, IRD, 911; MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); Montpellier France
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16
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Tzeli D, Kozielewicz P, Zloh M, Antonow D, Tsoungas PG, Petsalakis ID. Naphthalene Peri Annelated N,N- and N,O-Heterocycles: The Effect of Heteroatom-Guided Peri
-Fusion on Their Structure and Reactivity Profiles-A Theoretical Endoscopy. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demeter Tzeli
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute; National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave.; Athens 116 35 Greece
| | - Pawel Kozielewicz
- Karoliska Institutet; Dept of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9; 17165 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mire Zloh
- Dept of Pharmacy; School of Life & Medical Sciences; University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire; AL10 9AB, U K
| | - Dyeison Antonow
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Brazil
| | - Petros G. Tsoungas
- Department of Biochemistry; Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas.Sofias Ave., Athens; GR-11521 Greece
| | - Ioannis D. Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute; National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave.; Athens 116 35 Greece
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17
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Durbeej B, Wang J, Oruganti B. Molecular Photoswitching Aided by Excited-State Aromaticity. Chempluschem 2018; 83:958-967. [PMID: 31950720 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Central to the development of optoelectronic devices is the availability of efficient synthetic molecular photoswitches, the design of which is an arena where the evolving concept of excited-state aromaticity (ESA) is yet to make a big impact. The aim of this minireview is to illustrate the potential of this concept to become a key tool for the future design of photoswitches. The paper starts with a discussion of challenges facing the use of photoswitches for applications and continues with an account of how the ESA concept has progressed since its inception. Then, following some brief remarks on computational modeling of photoswitches and ESA, the paper describes two different approaches to improve the quantum yields and response times of switches driven by E/Z photoisomerization or photoinduced H-atom/proton transfer reactions through simple ESA considerations. It is our hope that these approaches, verified by quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, will help stimulate the application of the ESA concept as a general tool for designing more efficient photoswitches and other functional molecules used in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Baswanth Oruganti
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Science (GIS), GITAM University, Visakhapatnam-, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
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18
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Rabanal-León WA, Vásquez-Espinal A, Yañez O, Pino-Rios R, Arratia-Pérez R, Alvarez-Thon L, Torres-Vega JJ, Tiznado W. Aromaticity of [M3(µ-X)3X6]0/2-(M = Re and Tc, X = Cl, Br, I) Clusters Confirmed by Ring Current Analysis and Induced Magnetic Field. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter A. Rabanal-León
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Av. República 275, Santiago, Chile República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Unidad Mérida; Km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73 97310 Cordemex México
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Av. República 275, Santiago, Chile República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Av. República 275, Santiago, Chile República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Pérez
- Universidad Andrés Bello; Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular; República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Luis Alvarez-Thon
- Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Central de Chile; Toesca 1783 Santiago Chile
| | - Juan J. Torres-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Físicas; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; P.O. Box 14-0149 Lima Perú
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Av. República 275, Santiago, Chile República 275 Santiago Chile
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19
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Báez-Grez R, Rabanal-León WA, Alvarez-Thon L, Ruiz L, Tiznado W, Pino-Rios R. Aromaticity in heterocyclic analogues of benzene: Dissected NICS and current density analysis. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Báez-Grez
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago Chile
| | - Walter A. Rabanal-León
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago Chile
| | - Luis Alvarez-Thon
- Facultad de Ingeniería; Universidad Central de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Lina Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - W. Tiznado
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago Chile
| | - R. Pino-Rios
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello; Santiago Chile
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20
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Firouzi R, Shafie H, Tohidnia H. Characterization of Local Aromaticity in Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons Based on Anisotropy of π-Electron Density. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohoullah Firouzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran; P.O. Box 14968-13151 Tehran Iran
| | - Hoda Shafie
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran; P.O. Box 14968-13151 Tehran Iran
| | - Hassan Tohidnia
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran; P.O. Box 14968-13151 Tehran Iran
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21
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Li J, Rogachev AY. Aromatic stabilization of functionalized corannulene cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11781-91. [PMID: 26795551 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07002c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first comprehensive theoretical investigation of aromaticity in functionalized corannulene cations of general formula [CH3-C20H10](+) was accomplished. The experimentally known system [CH3-hub-C20H10](+) was augmented by two other possible isomers, namely, rim- and spoke-ones. Changes in aromaticity, when going from neutral corannulene to its functionalized cations, were monitored with the help of descriptors of different nature such as structure-based HOMA, topological PDI and FLU, and magnetic NICS. A highly efficient tool for analysis and visualization of delocalization and conjugation named ACID was also utilized. In the final step, a complete set of (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts was calculated and compared with the available experimental data. Conservation of aromaticity of 6-membered rings along with vanishing anti-aromatic character of central 5-membered rings was found to be the main reason for the exceptional stability of the hub-isomer. At the same time, functionalization of the corannulene moiety at the rim- or spoke-site resulted in dramatic elimination of aromaticity of 6-membered rings, whereas anti-aromatic character of the central ring remained. Altogether, it led to much lower stability of these isomers in comparison with that of the hub-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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22
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Topology of Quantum Mechanical Current Density Vector Fields Induced in a Molecule by Static Magnetic Perturbations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29022-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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23
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Wilkins LC, Hamilton HB, Kariuki BM, Hashmi ASK, Hansmann MM, Melen RL. Lewis acid–base 1,2-addition reactions: synthesis of pyrylium borates from en-ynoate precursors. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5929-32. [PMID: 26435394 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of methyl (Z)-2-alken-4-ynoates with the strong Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane, B(C6F5)3, yield 2,5,6-substituted zwitterionic pyrylium borate species via an intramolecular 6-endo-dig cyclisation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. Wilkins
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Hugh B. Hamilton
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Chemistry Department
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
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24
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25
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Feixas F, Solà M, Barroso JM, Ugalde JM, Matito E. New Approximation to the Third-Order Density. Application to the Calculation of Correlated Multicenter Indices. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:3055-65. [PMID: 26588276 DOI: 10.1021/ct5002736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present the formulas for the calculation of exact three-center electron sharing indices (3c-ESI) and introduce two new approximate expressions for correlated wave functions. The 3c-ESI uses the third-order density, the diagonal of the third-order reduced density matrix, but the approximations suggested in this work only involve natural orbitals and occupancies. In addition, the first calculations of 3c-ESI using Valdemoro's, Nakatsuji's and Mazziotti's approximation for the third-order reduced density matrix are also presented for comparison. Our results on a test set of molecules, including 32 3c-ESI values, prove that the new approximation based on the cubic root of natural occupancies performs the best, yielding absolute errors below 0.07 and an average absolute error of 0.015. Furthemore, this approximation seems to be rather insensitive to the amount of electron correlation present in the system. This newly developed methodology provides a computational inexpensive method to calculate 3c-ESI from correlated wave functions and opens new avenues to approximate high-order reduced density matrices in other contexts, such as the contracted Schrödinger equation and the anti-Hermitian contracted Schrödinger equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Feixas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego , California, California 92103, United States
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Department de Química, Universitat de Girona , Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan M Barroso
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Department de Química, Universitat de Girona , Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Eduard Matito
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Department de Química, Universitat de Girona , Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
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26
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27
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Aromaticity and conformational flexibility of five-membered monoheterocycles: pyrrole-like and thiophene-like structures. Struct Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Papadopoulos AG, Charistos ND, Kyriakidou K, Sigalas MP. Study of Electron Delocalization in 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-Azaborines Based on the Canonical Molecular Orbital Contributions to the Induced Magnetic Field and Polyelectron Population Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10091-100. [PMID: 26348255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electron delocalization in 1,2-azaborine, 1,3-azaborine, and 1,4-azaborine is studied using canonical molecular orbital contributions to the induced magnetic field (CMO-IMF) method and polyelectron population analysis (PEPA). Contour maps of the out-of-plane component of the induced magnetic field (Bz(ind)) of the π system show that the three azaborines, in contrast with borazine, sustain much of benzene's π-aromatic character. Among them, 1,3-azaborine exhibits the strongest π delocalization, while 1,4-azaborine is the weakest. Contour maps of Bz(ind) for individual π orbitals reveal that the differentiation of the magnetic response among the three isomers originates from the π-HOMO orbitals, whose magnetic response is governed by rotational allowed transitions to unoccupied orbitals. The low symmetry of azaborines enables a paratropic response from HOMO to unoccupied orbitals excitations, with their magnitude depending on the shape of interacting orbitals. 1,3-Azaborine presents negligible paratropic contributions to Bz(ind) from HOMO to unoccupied orbitals transitions, where 1,2- and 1,4-azaborine present substantial paratropic contributions, which lead to reduced diatropic response. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis employing PEPA shows that only the 1,3-azaborine contains π-electron fully delocalized resonance structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios G Papadopoulos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Katerina Kyriakidou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Michael P Sigalas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Quantum Chemistry, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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29
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Borse S, Joshi S, Khan A. Enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of DNA bases functionalized gold nanoparticles in HeLa cell lines. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA base functionalized AuNPs are internalized to a greater extent with high cellular uptake and enhanced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Borse
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| | - Satyawati Joshi
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune-411007
- India
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30
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Szatylowicz H, Stasyuk OA, Krygowski TM. Substituent Effects in Heterocyclic Systems. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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Theodorou E, Ioannidou HA, Ioannou TA, Kalogirou AS, Constantinides CP, Manoli M, Koutentis PA, Hayes SC. Spectroscopic characterization of C-4 substituted 3,5-dichloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazines. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16144k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of C-4 substitution with electron withdrawing groups on the structure and electronic properties of three 3,5-dichloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazines is characterized using resonance Raman, absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Manoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cyprus
- Nicosia
- Cyprus
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32
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Păuşescu I, Medeleanu M, Ştefănescu M, Peter F, Pop R. A DFT Study on the Stability and Aromaticity of Heterobenzenes Containing Group 15 Elements. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Păuşescu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; University Politehnica of Timişoara; 300006 Timişoara România
- Institute for Chemistry Timişoara of the Romanian Academy; 300223 Timişoara România
| | - Mihai Medeleanu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; University Politehnica of Timişoara; 300006 Timişoara România
| | - Mircea Ştefănescu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; University Politehnica of Timişoara; 300006 Timişoara România
| | - Francisc Peter
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; University Politehnica of Timişoara; 300006 Timişoara România
| | - Raluca Pop
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş” Timişoara; 300041 Timişoara România
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33
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Kozielewicz P, Tzeli D, Tsoungas PG, Zloh M. Arene-fused 1,2-oxazole N-oxides and derivatives. The impact of the N–O dipole and substitution on their aromatic character and reactivity profile. Can it be a useful structure in synthesis? A theoretical insight. Struct Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-014-0459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Krygowski TM, Szatylowicz H, Stasyuk OA, Dominikowska J, Palusiak M. Aromaticity from the viewpoint of molecular geometry: application to planar systems. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6383-422. [PMID: 24779633 DOI: 10.1021/cr400252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz M Krygowski
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University , Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Pelloni S, Monaco G, Della Porta P, Zanasi R, Lazzeretti P. Delocalized Currents without a Ring of Bonded Atoms: Strong Delocalized Electron Currents Induced by Magnetic Fields in Noncyclic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3367-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pelloni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Universitá degli Studi di Modena, via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Porta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Universitá degli Studi di Modena, via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
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36
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Firouzi R, Sharifi Ardani S. Description of heteroaromaticity on the basis of π-electron density anisotropy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11538-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Resonance assisted hydrogen bonds in open-chain and cyclic structures of malonaldehyde enol: A theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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A comparative study of the aromaticity of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and their aza-derivatives. J Mol Model 2013; 19:3529-35. [PMID: 23716174 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relative aromaticity of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and their aza-derivatives has been examined using TRE (topological resonance energy), MRE (magnetic resonance energy), ring current (RC), and ring current diamagnetic susceptibility (χG) methods. The results obtained were compared with results obtained by others who used the energetic method ASE (aromatic stabilization energy), the geometric method HOMA (harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity), and the magnetic method NICS(1) (nucleus-independent chemical shift). The impact of nitrogen atoms on the aromaticity of the aza-derivatives of pyrrole, furan, and thiophene is discussed. An excellent correlation was found between the energetic (TRE, MRE) and magnetic (RC and χG) criteria of aromaticity for all compounds. It was expected that inclusion of a heteroatom would decrease the aromaticity relative to the cyclopentadienyl anion. Our results show that the type of the first heteroatom, which donates two electrons to the system, as well as the number of nitrogen atoms and their positions in the molecule have a strong effect on aromaticity. In general, aromaticity is enhanced when the nitrogen atom is adjacent to the first heteroatom. The magnitude of aromaticity is related closely with the uniformity of distribution of π-electrons in the molecule.
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Abstract
Comparison of the results of Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations of isolated benzene, pyrimidine and 1,2,4-triazine molecules reveals that the unusually low population of planar geometry of the benzene ring is caused by entropy effects despite its high aromaticity. The decrease in symmetry of the molecule results in smaller changes in entropy and Gibbs free energy due to out-of-plane deformations of the ring, leading to an increase in the population of planar geometry of the ring. This leads to differences in the topology of potential energy and Gibbs free energy surfaces.
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Majerz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław,
Poland
| | - Teresa Dziembowska
- Institute of Chemistry
and Environmental
Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-061 Szczecin, Poland
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42
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Xiao S, Liang H. The conformational flexibility of nucleic acid bases paired in gas phase: A Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:205102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4720352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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43
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Ab initio and density functional study of barrier heights for methyl group torsion and conformational deformability in 1,4,6-trimethylnaphthalene. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Stasyuk OA, Szatyłowicz H, Krygowski TM. Effect of the H-bonding on aromaticity of purine tautomers. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4035-45. [PMID: 22448684 DOI: 10.1021/jo300406r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four tautomers of purine (1-H, 3-H, 7-H, and 9-H) and their equilibrium H-bonded complexes with F(-) and HF for acidic and basic centers, respectively, were optimized by means of the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Purine tautomer stability increases in the following series: 1-H < 3-H < 7-H < 9-H, consistent with increasing aromaticity. Furthermore, the presence of a hydrogen bond with HF does not change this order. For neutral H-bonded complexes, the strongest and the weakest intermolecular interactions occur (-14.12 and -10.49 kcal/mol) for less stable purine tautomers when the proton acceptor is located in the five- and six-membered rings, respectively. For 9-H and 7-H tautomers the order is reversed. The H-bond energy for the imidazole complex with HF amounts to -14.03 kcal/mol; hence, in the latter case, the fusion of imidazole to pyrimidine decreases its basicity. The ionic H-bonds of N(-)···HF type are stronger by ~10 kcal/mol than the neutral N···HF intermolecular interactions. The hydrogen bond N(-)···HF energies in pyrrole and imidazole are -32.28 and -30.03 kcal/mol, respectively, and are substantially stronger than those observed in purine complexes. The aromaticity of each individual ring and of the whole molecule for all tautomers in ionic complexes is very similar to that observed for the anion of purine. This is not the case for neutral complexes and purine as a reference. The N···HF bonds perturb much more the π-electron structure of five-membered rings than that of the six-membered ones. The H-bonding complexes for 7-H and 9-H tautomers are characterized by higher aromaticity and a much lower range of HOMA variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Stasyuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Karni M, Apeloig Y. Conjugation, Resonance, and Stability in N-Heterocyclic Silylenes and in Phosphorus Ylide Substituted Silylenes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300031x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Karni
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva
Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva
Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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46
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Rogachev AY, Filatov AS, Zabula AV, Petrukhina MA. Functionalized corannulene cations: a detailed theoretical survey. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3554-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23442d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Radenković S, Đurđević J, Bultinck P. Local aromaticity of the five-membered rings in acenaphthylene derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14067-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41472d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Rogachev AY, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Functionalized fullerene cations {R–C60}+ from a theoretical point of view. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10935-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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