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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M. Bioremediation of Hazardous Pollutants Using Enzyme-Immobilized Reactors. Molecules 2024; 29:2021. [PMID: 38731512 PMCID: PMC11085290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation uses the degradation abilities of microorganisms and other organisms to remove harmful pollutants that pollute the natural environment, helping return it to a natural state that is free of harmful substances. Organism-derived enzymes can degrade and eliminate a variety of pollutants and transform them into non-toxic forms; as such, they are expected to be used in bioremediation. However, since enzymes are proteins, the low operational stability and catalytic efficiency of free enzyme-based degradation systems need improvement. Enzyme immobilization methods are often used to overcome these challenges. Several enzyme immobilization methods have been applied to improve operational stability and reduce remediation costs. Herein, we review recent advancements in immobilized enzymes for bioremediation and summarize the methods for preparing immobilized enzymes for use as catalysts and in pollutant degradation systems. Additionally, the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of immobilized enzymes in bioremediation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 871-12 Sugido, Mashiki, Kamimashiki, Kumamoto 861-2205, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 871-12 Sugido, Mashiki, Kamimashiki, Kumamoto 861-2205, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, 871-12 Sugido, Mashiki, Kamimashiki, Kumamoto 861-2205, Japan
| | - Masaya Miyazaki
- HaKaL Inc., Kurume Research Park, 1488-4 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864, Japan;
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2
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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M. Enzyme-immobilized microfluidic devices for biomolecule detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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3
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Chen N, Chang B, Shi N, Yan W, Lu F, Liu F. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates immobilization: preparation, characterization, and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:369-383. [PMID: 35430938 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2038073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are commonly used as biocatalysts for various biological and chemical processes. However, some major drawbacks of free enzymes (e.g. poor reusability and instability) significantly restrict their industrial practices. How to overcome these weaknesses remain considerable challenges. Enzyme immobilization is one of the most effective ways to improve the reusability and stability of enzymes. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) has been known as a novel and versatile carrier-free immobilization method. CLEAs is attractive due to its simplicity and robustness, without purification. It generally shows: high catalytic specificity and selectivity, good operational and storage stabilities, and good reusability. Moreover, co-immobilization of different kinds of enzymes can be acquired. These CLEAs advantages provide opportunities for further industrial applications. Herein, the preparation parameters of CLEAs were first summarized. Next, characterization of structural and catalytic properties, stability and reusability are also proposed. Finally, some important applications of this technique in: environmental protection, industrial chemistry, food industry, and pharmaceutical synthesis and delivery are introduced. Potential challenges and future research directions, such as improving cross-linking efficiency and internal mass transfer efficiency, are also presented. This implies that CLEAs provide an efficient and feasible technique to improve the properties of enzymes for use in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Baogen Chang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Nian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Chauhan V, Kaushal D, Dhiman VK, Kanwar SS, Singh D, Dhiman VK, Pandey H. An Insight in Developing Carrier-Free Immobilized Enzymes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:794411. [PMID: 35309979 PMCID: PMC8924610 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.794411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes play vital roles in all organisms. The enzymatic process is progressively at its peak, mainly for producing biochemical products with a higher value. The immobilization of enzymes can sometimes tremendously improve the outcome of biocatalytic processes, making the product(s) relatively pure and economical. Carrier-free immobilized enzymes can increase the yield of the product and the stability of the enzyme in biocatalysis. Immobilized enzymes are easier to purify. Due to these varied advantages, researchers are tempted to explore carrier-free methods used for the immobilization of enzymes. In this review article, we have discussed various aspects of enzyme immobilization, approaches followed to design a process used for immobilization of an enzyme and the advantages and disadvantages of various common processes used for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Diksha Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | | | - Shamsher Singh Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
- *Correspondence: Shamsher Singh Kanwar,
| | - Devendra Singh
- B.N. College of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Dhiman
- Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, India
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Deng Y, Ouyang J, Liu H, Wang J, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Yang C, Li D, Ma K. An effective immobilization of β-glucosidases by partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1035-1043. [PMID: 35015605 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2024848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization provides ideal operating conditions for enzymes stabilization and sustainable recycling. In this work, as a kind of clay material, montmorillonite (MTL) was chosen for immobilizing the β-glucosidase extracted from Agrocybe aegirit. The immobilized β-glucosidase via partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates (pCLEAs) formed by self-catalysis provided biocatalysts with satisfactory thermal and pH stability. Compared to the glutaraldehyde cross-linked, the immobilized β-glucosidase (β-G-pCLEAs@MTL) exhibited significantly higher immobilization efficiency (IE) and immobilization yield (IY), which were 80.6% and 76.9%, respectively. The β-G-pCLEAs@MTL also showed better stability and preferable reusability. And the activity of the β-G-pCLEAs@MTL remained 85.0% after 5 cycles and 74.7% after 10 cycles. Therefore, the method based on the pre- crosslinking to form pCLEAs and after-immobilization can effectively improve IY and IE. In addition, MTL seems to be a good alternative carrier to immobilize other enzymes for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqian Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengli Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dali Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Sharma A, Thatai KS, Kuthiala T, Singh G, Arya SK. Employment of polysaccharides in enzyme immobilization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Efficient substrate accessibility of cross-linked levanase aggregates using dialdehyde starch as a macromolecular cross-linker. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118159. [PMID: 34119133 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are influenced by mass diffusion limitations such as the degree of molecular cross-linking attained, which affects substrate accessibility. Thus, this study seeks to improve substrate accessibility using macromolecular cross-linkers in cross-linked levanase aggregates (CLLAs) formation for levan-type fructooligosaccharides (L-FOS) production. Dialdehyde starch-tapioca (DAST) was successfully developed and used to cross-link levanase to form CLLAs-D and with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form CLLAs-DB which showed activity recoveries of 65.6% and 81.6%, respectively. After cross-linking, the pH (6-10) and thermal stability (30-40 °C) increased, and organic solvent tolerance resulted in the activation of CLLAs. Likewise, CLLAs-DB had higher substrate affinity and accessibility and a higher effectiveness factors than CLLAs-D. The total L-FOS yield of CLLAs-DB (78.9% (w/v)) was higher than that of CLLAs-D (62.4% (w/v)). Therefore, as a cross-linker, DAST may have application prospects as a promising and green biocatalyst for product formation.
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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M. Laccase aggregates via poly-lysine-supported immobilization onto PEGA resin, with efficient activity and high operational stability and can be used to degrade endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Laccase was for the first time immobilized as enzyme aggregates onto PEGA resin using the technique of poly-lysine-supported cross-linking. Immobilized laccase showed efficient enzymatic activity with high operational stability and good reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Liberal Art Education Center
- Tokai University
- Kumamoto
- Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture
| | - Masaya Miyazaki
- Center for Plasma Nano-interface Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
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Rodriguez-Abetxuko A, Sánchez-deAlcázar D, Muñumer P, Beloqui A. Tunable Polymeric Scaffolds for Enzyme Immobilization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:830. [PMID: 32850710 PMCID: PMC7406678 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of methodologies for the immobilization of enzymes using polymeric supports is continuously growing due to the developments in the fields of biotechnology, polymer chemistry, and nanotechnology in the last years. Despite being excellent catalysts, enzymes are very sensitive molecules and can undergo denaturation beyond their natural environment. For overcoming this issue, polymer chemistry offers a wealth of opportunities for the successful combination of enzymes with versatile natural or synthetic polymers. The fabrication of functional, stable, and robust biocatalytic hybrid materials (nanoparticles, capsules, hydrogels, or films) has been proven advantageous for several applications such as biomedicine, organic synthesis, biosensing, and bioremediation. In this review, supported with recent examples of enzyme-protein hybrids, we provide an overview of the methods used to combine both macromolecules, as well as the future directions and the main challenges that are currently being tackled in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Muñumer
- PolyZymes group, POLYMAT and Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Beloqui
- PolyZymes group, POLYMAT and Department of Applied Chemistry (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
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Sadeghzadeh S, Ghobadi Nejad Z, Ghasemi S, Khafaji M, Borghei SM. Removal of bisphenol A in aqueous solution using magnetic cross-linked laccase aggregates from Trametes hirsuta. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123169. [PMID: 32182473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic removal of Bisphenol A (BPA), acknowledged as an environmentally friendly approach, is a promising method to deal with hard degradable contaminants. However, the application of "enzymatic treatment" has been limited due to lower operational stability and practical difficulties associated with recovery and recycling. Enzyme immobilization is an innovative approach which circumvents these drawbacks. In this study, laccase from Trametes hirsuta was used for BPA removal. Amino-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via the co-precipitation method followed by surface modification with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). The as-prepared nanoparticles were utilized for the immobilization of laccase with the magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates method (MCLEAs). Activity recovery of 27% was achieved, while no immobilized laccase was observed in the cross-linked enzyme aggregates method. The performance of immobilized laccase was measured by analyzing the degradation of BPA pollutant. The maximum removal efficiency of 87.3% was attained with an initial concentration of 60 ppm throughout 11 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Sadeghzadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghobadi Nejad
- Biochemistry & Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O Box 11155-1399, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Ghasemi
- Institute of Water and Energy, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O Box 11365-8639, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Khafaji
- Institute for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O Box 14588-89694, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Borghei
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Biochemistry & Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, P.O Box 11155-1399, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Nawawi NN, Hashim Z, Rahman RA, Murad AMA, Bakar FDA, Illias RM. Entrapment of porous cross-linked enzyme aggregates of maltogenic amylase from Bacillus lehensis G1 into calcium alginate for maltooligosaccharides synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Immobilization of Enzymes as Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates: General Strategy to Obtain Robust Biocatalysts. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2100:345-361. [PMID: 31939135 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0215-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Among carrier-free immobilization techniques, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) have been extensively described for a great number of diverse enzymes. During the last two decades, numerous efforts have been devoted to identify and understand the main variables involved in CLEA's preparation process leading to robust immobilized biocatalysts. Since every enzyme immobilized as CLEA requires specific conditions and protocols, herein we provide a general preparation strategy where main parameters are highlighted and correlated with a possible desired improved enzyme feature.
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Jin W, Xu Y, Yu XW. Formation lipase cross-linked enzyme aggregates on octyl-modified mesocellular foams with oxidized sodium alginate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Abdul Wahab MKH, El-Enshasy HA, Bakar FDA, Murad AMA, Jahim JM, Illias RM. Improvement of cross-linking and stability on cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA)-xylanase by protein surface engineering. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Poly-lysine supported cross-linked enzyme aggregates of penicillin G acylase and its application in synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:423-428. [PMID: 31381925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Providencia rettgeri PX04 (PrPGA) was utilized to synthesize β-lactam antibiotics. Poly-lysine supported cross-linked enzyme aggregates (PL-CLEAs) were prepared using PGA. Addition of poly-lysine significantly increased retention of PGA activity in CLEAs, with a decrease in the synthesis/hydrolysis (S/H) ratio. PL-CLEAs with 0.56 mg/mL poly-lysine retained 83% of free PGA activity, and displayed a higher S/H ratio than that of the free enzyme. Both PL-CLEAs and CLEAs exhibited high pH and thermal stabilities. PL-CLEAs possessed the best stability profile, and the lowest α value [(kcat/Km)Ps/(kcat/Km)AD], and was most effective at amoxicillin synthesis. A >94% yield of amoxicillin was achieved using a D-HPGME/6-APA ratio of 1.2:1 (240 mM, 200 mM), with fed-batch addition of D-HPGME. PL-CLEAs displayed excellent operational stability during amoxicillin synthesis. Over 97% of initial conversion was retained after twenty rounds of catalysis. PL-CLEAs exhibited greater potency than CLEAs in practical catalysis, permitting a higher concentration of reactants.
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Meso-molding three-dimensionally ordered macroporous alumina: A new platform to immobilize enzymes with high performance. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Mehde AA. Development of magnetic cross-linked peroxidase aggregates on starch as enhancement template and their application for decolorization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:721-733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclable catalysts. One method to achieve this is via carrier-free immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This methodology proved to be very effective with a broad selection of enzymes, in particular carbohydrate-converting enzymes. Methods for optimizing CLEA preparations by, for example, adding proteic feeders to promote cross-linking, and strategies for making the pores accessible for macromolecular substrates are critically reviewed and compared. Co-immobilization of two or more enzymes in combi-CLEAs enables the cost-effective use of multiple enzymes in biocatalytic cascade processes and the use of “smart” magnetic CLEAs to separate the immobilized enzyme from other solids has raised the CLEA technology to a new level of industrial and environmental relevance. Magnetic-CLEAs of polysaccharide-converting enzymes, for example, are eminently suitable for use in the conversion of first and second generation biomass.
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Torabizadeh H, Mikani M. Kinetic and thermodynamic features of nanomagnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of naringinase nanobiocatalyst in naringin hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:717-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Torabizadeh H, Mikani M. Nano-magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of naringinase an efficient nanobiocatalyst for naringin hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Starch is promising candidate material for enhancing the catalytic activity of α-amylase during the crosslinking process. To help meet industrial needs, here we tested the influence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and starch on the performance of crosslinked α-amylase aggregates (CLEA), α-amylase-prepared as CLEA with starch (CLEA-S), and BSA (CLEA-BSA). Our results showed that the activities of CLEA, CLEA-S, and CLEA-BSA were 1.1-, 1.0-, and 0.74-fold higher than the free α-amylase, respectively. The stability of the immobilized enzyme slightly changed. After immobilization, the enzyme increased its pH and temperature ranges with the optimal pH values of 5.5, 7.5, 5.5, respectively for CLEA, CLEA-S, and CLEA-BSA, and an upper temperature limit of 50 °C for all three immobilized forms. Among the three immobilized forms, the CLEA-S was the most thermostable, losing only 3% of its initial activity during 390 min incubation at 50 °C. Our microscopic observations of CLEA-S showed that porous structures were formed and such structures could help substance diffusion. In addition, there was excellent affinity between CLEA-S and the substrate. The results suggest that CLEA-S have great potential for industrial application, including for use in starch-based alcohol fermentation.
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22
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Techniques for Preparation of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates and Their Applications in Bioconversions. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are biocatalysts. They are useful in environmentally friendly production processes and have high potential for industrial applications. However, because of problems with operational stability, cost, and catalytic efficiency, many enzymatic processes have limited applications. The use of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) has been introduced as an effective carrier-free immobilization method. This immobilization method is attractive because it is simple and robust, and unpurified enzymes can be used. Coimmobilization of different enzymes can be achieved. CLEAs generally show high catalytic activities, good storage and operational stabilities, and good reusability. In this review, we summarize techniques for the preparation of CLEAs for use as biocatalysts. Some important applications of these techniques in chemical synthesis and environmental applications are also included. CLEAs provide feasible and efficient techniques for improving the properties of immobilized enzymes for use in industrial applications.
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23
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One-pot fabrication of chitin-shellac composite microspheres for efficient enzyme immobilization. J Biotechnol 2018; 266:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cui J, Zhao Y, Tan Z, Zhong C, Han P, Jia S. Mesoporous phenylalanine ammonia lyase microspheres with improved stability through calcium carbonate templating. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:887-896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Characterization of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of the fusion protein FUS-PepN_PepX and their application for milk protein hydrolysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates of nitrile hydratase ES-NHT-118 from E. coli by macromolecular cross-linking agent. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cui J, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Lin T, Zhong C, Tan Z, Jia S. Encapsulation of Spherical Cross-Linked Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Aggregates in Mesoporous Biosilica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:618-625. [PMID: 28054483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have recently emerged as a promising tool for enzyme immobilization because of their simplicity and low cost. However, a lack of good size and morphological control over the as-prepared CLEAs has limited their practical applications. For example, the prepared CLEAs exhibit amorphous large clusters that would cause significant mass-transfer limitations, which lead to a low catalytic efficiency. Here, inspired by biomineralized core-shell structures in nature, we develop a novel mesoporous spherical CLEA with a biosilica shell by using phenylalanine ammonia lyase based on CaCO3 microtemplates and biomimetic mineralization. The resultant CLEAs exhibited a spherical structure with good monodispersity instead of the amorphous clusters of conventional CLEAs and showed activity higher than that of conventional CLEAs. Moreover, the thermostability, tolerance against denaturants, and mechanical stability of the spherical CLEAs with a biosilica shell were enhanced significantly compared with those of conventional CLEAs. In particular, the spherical CLEAs with a biosilica shell retained 70% of their original activity after 13 cycles, whereas the conventional CLEAs retained only 35% of their original activity. This approach could be an efficient strategy for improving the catalytic properties of CLEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiao Feng
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lin
- Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhang 050000, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zhilei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Shiru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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Shaarani SM, Jahim JM, Rahman RA, Idris A, Murad AMA, Illias RM. Silanized maghemite for cross-linked enzyme aggregates of recombinant xylanase from Trichoderma reesei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractStructural and functional catalytic characteristics of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) are reviewed. Firstly, advantages of enzyme immobilization and existing types of immobilization are described. Then, a wide description of the factors that modify CLEA activity, selectivity and stability is presented. Nowadays CLEA offers an economic, simple and easy tool to reuse biocatalysts, improving their catalytic properties and stability. This immobilization methodology has been widely and satisfactorily tested with a great variety of enzymes and has demonstrated its potential as a future tool to optimize biocatalytic processes.
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Zhou L, Tang W, Jiang Y, Ma L, He Y, Gao J. Magnetic combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates of horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase: an efficient biocatalyst for dye decolourization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the magnetic combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) of glucose oxidase (GOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were designed and prepared successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving
| | - Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Ying He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving
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Solid state fermentation with recovery of Amyloglucosidase from extract by direct immobilization in cross linked enzyme aggregate for starch hydrolysis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Zhang WW, Yang XL, Jia JQ, Wang N, Hu CL, Yu XQ. Surfactant-activated magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (magnetic CLEAs) of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase for biodiesel production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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LacSubPred: predicting subtypes of Laccases, an important lignin metabolism-related enzyme class, using in silico approaches. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15 Suppl 11:S15. [PMID: 25350584 PMCID: PMC4251044 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s11-s15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are multi-copper oxidases that have gained importance in many industries such as biofuels, pulp production, textile dye bleaching, bioremediation, and food production. Their usefulness stems from the ability to act on a diverse range of phenolic compounds such as o-/p-quinols, aminophenols, polyphenols, polyamines, aryl diamines, and aromatic thiols. Despite acting on a wide range of compounds as a family, individual Laccases often exhibit distinctive and varied substrate ranges. This is likely due to Laccases involvement in many metabolic roles across diverse taxa. Classification systems for multi-copper oxidases have been developed using multiple sequence alignments, however, these systems seem to largely follow species taxonomy rather than substrate ranges, enzyme properties, or specific function. It has been suggested that the roles and substrates of various Laccases are related to their optimal pH. This is consistent with the observation that fungal Laccases usually prefer acidic conditions, whereas plant and bacterial Laccases prefer basic conditions. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that a descriptor-based unsupervised learning system could generate homology independent classification system for better describing the functional properties of Laccases. Results In this study, we first utilized unsupervised learning approach to develop a novel homology independent Laccase classification system. From the descriptors considered, physicochemical properties showed the best performance. Physicochemical properties divided the Laccases into twelve subtypes. Analysis of the clusters using a t-test revealed that the majority of the physicochemical descriptors had statistically significant differences between the classes. Feature selection identified the most important features as negatively charges residues, the peptide isoelectric point, and acidic or amidic residues. Secondly, to allow for classification of new Laccases, a supervised learning system was developed from the clusters. The models showed high performance with an overall accuracy of 99.03%, error of 0.49%, MCC of 0.9367, precision of 94.20%, sensitivity of 94.20%, and specificity of 99.47% in a 5-fold cross-validation test. In an independent test, our models still provide a high accuracy of 97.98%, error rate of 1.02%, MCC of 0.8678, precision of 87.88%, sensitivity of 87.88% and specificity of 98.90%. Conclusion This study provides a useful classification system for better understanding of Laccases from their physicochemical properties perspective. We also developed a publically available web tool for the characterization of Laccase protein sequences (http://lacsubpred.bioinfo.ucr.edu/). Finally, the programs used in the study are made available for researchers interested in applying the system to other enzyme classes (https://github.com/tweirick/SubClPred).
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Tong Y, Xin Y, Yang H, Zhang L, Wang W. Efficient improvement on stability of sarcosine oxidase via poly-lysine modification on enzyme surface. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Velasco-Lozano S, López-Gallego F, Vázquez-Duhalt R, Mateos-Díaz JC, Guisán JM, Favela-Torres E. Carrier-Free Immobilization of Lipase from Candida rugosa with Polyethyleneimines by Carboxyl-Activated Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1896-903. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500333v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Departamento
de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco #186, Col. Vicentina 09340, Distrito Federal México
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Biofunctional
Nanomaterials unit, CIC Biomagune, Parque tecnológico de San
Sebastián, Edificio Empresarial “C″, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009, Donostia-San Sebastián Guipúzcoa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque
foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Duhalt
- Centro
de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, UNAM, Ensenada, Baja California, 22780, México
| | - Juan C. Mateos-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación
y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco,
A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, C.P. 44270, Guadalajara, México
| | - José M. Guisán
- Departamento
de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Favela-Torres
- Departamento
de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco #186, Col. Vicentina 09340, Distrito Federal México
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Cui JD, Jia SR. Optimization protocols and improved strategies of cross-linked enzyme aggregates technology: current development and future challenges. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:15-28. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.795516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Cui JD, Sun LM, Li LL. A Simple Technique of Preparing Stable CLEAs of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Using Co-aggregation with Starch and Bovine Serum Albumin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1827-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Talekar S, Joshi A, Joshi G, Kamat P, Haripurkar R, Kambale S. Parameters in preparation and characterization of cross linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Talekar S, Ghodake V, Ghotage T, Rathod P, Deshmukh P, Nadar S, Mulla M, Ladole M. Novel magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (magnetic CLEAs) of alpha amylase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:542-7. [PMID: 22944488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of alpha amylase were prepared by chemical cross-linking of enzyme aggregates with amino functionalized magnetite nanoparticles which can be separated from reaction mixture using magnetic field. Of the initially applied alpha amylase activity 100% was recovered in magnetic CLEAs, whereas only 45% was recovered in CLEAs due to the low content of Lys residues in alpha amylase. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that CLEAs and magnetic CLEAs were spherical structures. The CLEAs and magnetic CLEAs displayed a shift in optimal pH towards the acidic side, whereas optimal temperature of magnetic CLEAs was improved compared to free enzyme and CLEAs. Although V(max) of enzyme in CLEAs and magnetic CLEAs did not change, substrate affinity of the enzyme increased. The magnetic CLEAs also enhanced the thermal stability and storage stability. Moreover, the magnetic CLEAs retained 100% initial activity even after 6 cycles of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Talekar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India.
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Shukla SC, Singh A, Pandey AK, Mishra A. Review on production and medical applications of ɛ-polylysine. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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