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Venkatesh SS, Vellaichamy P, Thirumalachari S, Ramalingam V, Doraiswamy Raju M. Experimental investigation and comparison of PBI/MWCNT and PSF/MWCNT membranes for recovering water from RO reject of brackish water by FO. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28455. [PMID: 38586360 PMCID: PMC10998056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The performances of polybenzimidazole (PBI) and polysulfone (PSF) membranes for recovering water from reverse osmosis (RO) reject of brackish water through forward osmosis (FO) were assessed and compared. Non-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were added to the membrane casting solutions, with concentrations ranging from 0 to 3 wt%. The experiment was conducted for eight samples using RO reject of brackish water as the feed solution (FS) and 2 M analytical grade MgCl2 as the draw solution (DS). The hydrophilicity, water permeability, salt rejection rate (Rs), water flux (WF) and porosity of the membranes improved with increasing MWCNT content up to 2 wt%. Also, the structural parameter, salt permeability and reverse solute flux decreased. PBI/MWCNT2 wt% exhibited the best performance among the membranes tested compared with porosity of 70 ± 4 %, structural parameter of 0.36 ± 0.2 μm, and Rs of 93.5 %. In contrast with the pristine PBI membrane, an average water flux enhancement of 15 % and 49 % was observed for the FS and DS sides, respectively, for PBI/MWCNT2 wt%. It is evident from the results that including MWCNT improves the performance of both membranes, with better relative performance for PBI membranes than PSF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pandiyarajan Vellaichamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundararajan Thirumalachari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velraj Ramalingam
- Institute for Energy Studies, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Doraiswamy Raju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes for pervaporation dehydration: The effect of functionalization agents for CNT on pervaporation performance. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Lee G, Nguyen NA, Nguyen VT, Larina LL, Chuluunbat E, Park E, Kim J, Choi HS, Keidar M. High entropy alloy electrocatalyst synthesized using plasma ionic liquid reduction. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Achieving high power density and excellent durability for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on crosslinked branched polybenzimidazole and metal-organic frameworks. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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5
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Stenina IA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:198. [PMID: 33799886 PMCID: PMC7998860 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane technologies are widely demanded in a number of modern industries. Ion-exchange membranes are one of the most widespread and demanded types of membranes. Their main task is the selective transfer of certain ions and prevention of transfer of other ions or molecules, and the most important characteristics are ionic conductivity and selectivity of transfer processes. Both parameters are determined by ionic and molecular mobility in membranes. To study this mobility, the main techniques used are nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy. In this comprehensive review, mechanisms of transfer processes in various ion-exchange membranes, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and hybrid ones, are discussed. Correlations of structures of ion-exchange membranes and their hydration with ion transport mechanisms are also reviewed. The features of proton transfer, which plays a decisive role in the membrane used in fuel cells and electrolyzers, are highlighted. These devices largely determine development of hydrogen energy in the modern world. The features of ion transfer in heterogeneous and hybrid membranes with inorganic nanoparticles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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6
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Enhancing Proton Conduction of Poly(benzimidazole) with Sulfonated Titania Nano Composite Membrane for PEM Fuel Cell Applications. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Jheng LC, Rosidah AA, Hsu SLC, Ho KS, Pan CJ, Cheng CW. Nanocomposite membranes of polybenzimidazole and amine-functionalized carbon nanofibers for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9964-9976. [PMID: 35423528 PMCID: PMC8695395 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09972d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanofibers functionalized with aminobenzoyl groups (CNF–aminobenzoyl) were prepared via direct Friedel–Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid. The functionalization of CNFs was characterized using XPS, FTIR, TGA, and Raman analyses. Hexafluoroisopropylidene-containing polybenzimidazole (6FPBI) composite membranes containing pristine CNFs or CNF–aminobenzoyl were prepared using solvent-assisted dispersion and solvent-casting methods. In this work, the influence of the incorporation of functionalized CNFs on several physicochemical properties of the 6FPBI nanocomposite membranes, including their thermal stability, mechanical strength, and acid doping level, was studied. The results showed that CNF–aminobenzoyl provided better mechanical reinforcement for the nanocomposite membrane, compared to pristine CNF. The SEM observation confirmed the good compatibility between the CNF–aminobenzoyl fillers and the 6FPBI matrix. For the 0.3 wt% CNF–aminobenzoyl/6FPBI composite membrane, the tensile stress was increased by 12% to be 78.9 MPa (as compared to the 6FPBI membrane), the acid doping level was improved to 12.0, and the proton conductivity at 160 °C was measured above 0.2 S cm−1. Furthermore, the fuel cell performance of the membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) for each nanocomposite membrane was evaluated. The maximum power density at 160 °C was found up to 461 mW cm−2 for the MEA based on the 0.3 wt% CNF–aminobenzoyl/6FPBI composite membrane. Carbon nanofibers functionalized with aminobenzoyl groups (CNF–aminobenzoyl) were prepared via direct Friedel–Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cheng Jheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
- Kaohsiung
- Republic of China
| | - Afira Ainur Rosidah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Cheng-Kung University
- Tainan
- Republic of China
| | - Steve Lien-Chung Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Cheng-Kung University
- Tainan
- Republic of China
| | - Ko-Shan Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
- Kaohsiung
- Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jern Pan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
- Kaohsiung
- Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Cheng-Kung University
- Tainan
- Republic of China
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8
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Kajita T, Noro A, Seki T, Matsushita Y, Nakamura N. Acidity effects of medium fluids on anhydrous proton conductivity of acid-swollen block polymer electrolyte membranes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19012-19020. [PMID: 35478621 PMCID: PMC9033556 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton-conductive polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) were prepared by infiltrating sulfuric acid (Sa) or phosphoric acid (Pa) into a polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-polystyrene (S–P–S) triblock copolymer. When the molar ratio of acid to pyridyl groups in S–P–S, i.e., the acid doping level (ADL), is below unity, the P-block/acid phase in the PEMs exhibited a moderately high glass transition temperature (Tg) of ∼140 °C because of consumption of acids for forming the acid–base complexes between the pyridyl groups and the acids, also resulting in almost no free protons in the PEMs; therefore, the PEMs were totally glassy and exhibited almost no anhydrous conductivity. In contrast, when ADL is larger than unity, the Tgs of the phase composed of acid and P blocks were lower than room temperature, due to the excessive molar amount of acid serving as a plasticizer. Such swollen PEMs with excessive amounts of acid releasing free protons were soft and exhibited high conductivities even without humidification. In particular, an S–P–S/Sa membrane with ADL of 4.6 exhibited a very high anhydrous conductivity of 1.4 × 10−1 S cm−1 at 95 °C, which is comparable to that of humidified Nafion membranes. Furthermore, S–P–S/Sa membranes with lower Tgs exhibited higher conductivities than S–P–S/Pa membranes, whereas the temperature dependence of the conductivities for S–P–S/Pa is stronger than that for S–P–S/Sa, suggesting Pa with a lower acidity would not be effectively dissociated into a dihydrogen phosphate anion and a free proton in the PEMs at lower temperatures. Sulfuric acid-swollen block polymer membranes exhibit anhydrous conductivities of ∼0.1 S cm−1 that is higher than those of phosphoric acid-swollen membranes, whereas temperature dependence of conductivities of the latter is stronger than the former.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Kajita
- Department of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Noro
- Department of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Yushu Matsushita
- Department of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- FC Material Development Dept., Electrification & Environment Material Engineering Div
- Advanced R&D and Engineering Company
- Higashifuji Technical Center
- TOYOTA Motor Corporation
- Shizuoka
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9
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Sulfonated polybenzimidazole/amine functionalized titanium dioxide (sPBI/AFT) composite electrolyte membranes for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells usage. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Escorihuela J, Olvera-Mancilla J, Alexandrova L, del Castillo LF, Compañ V. Recent Progress in the Development of Composite Membranes Based on Polybenzimidazole for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1861. [PMID: 32825111 PMCID: PMC7564738 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increasing of the population in combination with the emergence of new energy-consuming technologies has risen worldwide total energy consumption towards unprecedent values. Furthermore, fossil fuel reserves are running out very quickly and the polluting greenhouse gases emitted during their utilization need to be reduced. In this scenario, a few alternative energy sources have been proposed and, among these, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising. Recently, polybenzimidazole-based polymers, featuring high chemical and thermal stability, in combination with fillers that can regulate the proton mobility, have attracted tremendous attention for their roles as PEMs in fuel cells. Recent advances in composite membranes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) for high temperature PEM fuel cell applications are summarized and highlighted in this review. In addition, the challenges, future trends, and prospects of composite membranes based on PBI for solid electrolytes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jessica Olvera-Mancilla
- Departamento de Polímeros, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (J.O.-M.); (L.A.); (L.F.d.C.)
| | - Larissa Alexandrova
- Departamento de Polímeros, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (J.O.-M.); (L.A.); (L.F.d.C.)
| | - L. Felipe del Castillo
- Departamento de Polímeros, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (J.O.-M.); (L.A.); (L.F.d.C.)
| | - Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera. s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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11
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Stenina I, Golubenko D, Nikonenko V, Yaroslavtsev A. Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5517. [PMID: 32752236 PMCID: PMC7432390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, ion-exchange membranes have numerous applications in water desalination, electrolysis, chemistry, food, health, energy, environment and other fields. All of these applications require high selectivity of ion transfer, i.e., high membrane permselectivity. The transport properties of ion-exchange membranes are determined by their structure, composition and preparation method. For various applications, the selectivity of transfer processes can be characterized by different parameters, for example, by the transport number of counterions (permselectivity in electrodialysis) or by the ratio of ionic conductivity to the permeability of some gases (crossover in fuel cells). However, in most cases there is a correlation: the higher the flux density of the target component through the membrane, the lower the selectivity of the process. This correlation has two aspects: first, it follows from the membrane material properties, often expressed as the trade-off between membrane permeability and permselectivity; and, second, it is due to the concentration polarization phenomenon, which increases with an increase in the applied driving force. In this review, both aspects are considered. Recent research and progress in the membrane selectivity improvement, mainly including a number of approaches as crosslinking, nanoparticle doping, surface modification, and the use of special synthetic methods (e.g., synthesis of grafted membranes or membranes with a fairly rigid three-dimensional matrix) are summarized. These approaches are promising for the ion-exchange membranes synthesis for electrodialysis, alternative energy, and the valuable component extraction from natural or waste-water. Perspectives on future development in this research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Stenina
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Golubenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Andrey Yaroslavtsev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Oh K, Kwon O, Son B, Lee DH, Shanmugam S. Nafion-sulfonated silica composite membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells under operating low humidity condition. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Escorihuela J, García-Bernabé A, Montero A, Andrio A, Sahuquillo Ó, Gimenez E, Compañ V. Proton Conductivity through Polybenzimidazole Composite Membranes Containing Silica Nanofiber Mats. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1182. [PMID: 31337094 PMCID: PMC6680558 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for sustainable and more efficient energy-converting devices has been the focus of researchers' efforts in the past decades. In this study, SiO2 nanofiber mats were fabricated through an electrospinning process and later functionalized using silane chemistry to introduce different polar groups -OH (neutral), -SO3H (acidic) and -NH2 (basic). The modified nanofiber mats were embedded in PBI to fabricate mixed matrix membranes. The incorporation of these nanofiber mats in the PBI matrix showed an improvement in the chemical and thermal stability of the composite membranes. Proton conduction measurements show that PBI composite membranes containing nanofiber mats with basic groups showed higher proton conductivities, reaching values as high as 4 mS·cm-1 at 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Abel García-Bernabé
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Montero
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andreu Andrio
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Jaume I, 12080 Castelló, Spain
| | - Óscar Sahuquillo
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Gimenez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Sun X, Simonsen SC, Norby T, Chatzitakis A. Composite Membranes for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells and Electrolysers: A Critical Review. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E83. [PMID: 31336708 PMCID: PMC6680835 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9070083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and electrolysers offer efficient use and production of hydrogen for emission-free transport and sustainable energy systems. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes like Nafion® and Aquivion® are the state-of-the-art PEMs, but there is a need to increase the operating temperature to improve mass transport, avoid catalyst poisoning and electrode flooding, increase efficiency, and reduce the cost and complexity of the system. However, PSFAs-based membranes exhibit lower mechanical and chemical stability, as well as proton conductivity at lower relative humidities and temperatures above 80 °C. One approach to sustain performance is to introduce inorganic fillers and improve water retention due to their hydrophilicity. Alternatively, polymers where protons are not conducted as hydrated H3O+ ions through liquid-like water channels as in the PSFAs, but as free protons (H+) via Brønsted acid sites on the polymer backbone, can be developed. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) and sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) are such materials, but need considerable acid doping. Different composites are being investigated to solve some of the accompanying problems and reach sufficient conductivities. Herein, we critically discuss a few representative investigations of composite PEMs and evaluate their significance. Moreover, we present advances in introducing electronic conductivity in the polymer binder in the catalyst layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Sun
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, FERMiO, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Christopher Simonsen
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, FERMiO, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Norby
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, FERMiO, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Athanasios Chatzitakis
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, FERMiO, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Novel composite polymer electrolyte membrane using solid superacidic sulfated zirconia - Functionalized carbon nanotube modified chitosan. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Yang T, Li Z, Lyu H, Zheng J, Liu J, Liu F, Zhang Z, Rao H. A graphene oxide polymer brush based cross-linked nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for direct methanol fuel cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15740-15753. [PMID: 35539468 PMCID: PMC9080066 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01731j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional polymer brush modified graphene oxide (FPGO) with functional linear polysiloxane brushes was synthesized via surface precipitation polymerization (sol–gel) and chemical modification. Then, FPGO was covalently cross-linked to the sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) matrix to obtain novel SPSU/FPGO cross-linked nanocomposite membranes. Meanwhile, SPSU/GO composite membranes and a pristine SPSU membrane were fabricated as control groups. Reduced agglomeration of the inorganic filler and better interfacial interaction, which are benefit to increase diffusion resistance of methanol and to generate continuous channels for fast proton transportation at elevated temperature, were observed in SPSU/FPGO cross-linked membranes. Moreover, the enhanced membrane stability (thermal, oxidative and dimensional stability) and good mechanical performance also guaranteed their proton conducting durability. It is noteworthy that the SPSU/FPGO-1 cross-linked membrane possesses the best comprehensive properties among all the prepared membranes and Nafion®117, it acquires the highest proton conductivity of 0.462 S cm−1 at 90 °C under hydrated conditions together with a low methanol permeability of 1.71 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 30 °C. The resulting high membrane selectivity displays the great potential of the SPSU/FPGO cross-linked membrane for DMFCs application. A novel proton exchange nanocomposite which was cross-linked by functional graphene oxide polymer brushes shows interesting and comprehensive advantages for DMFCs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huilong Lyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxin Rao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
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17
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Abstract
Ordered mesoporous siliceous material has been identified as one of the key elements of the catalysis concept. Here we report an efficient Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with isatins catalyzed by PWA/MCM-41, which got the di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones derivatives with high yield. Moreover, the catalysts were characterized by XRD and SEM/EDS, the EDS spectrum indicated that the catalyst used in this reaction also contains tungsten, and the proposed mechanism for the synthesis of 3,3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones was also discussed. Finally, the catalyst can be reused repeatedly for several times without obvious loss of activity.
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18
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Graphene oxide-anchored reactive sulfonated copolymer via simple one pot condensation polymerization: proton-conducting solid electrolytes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Sun H, Tang B, Wu P. Two-Dimensional Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Networks Modified Proton Exchange Membranes for Improving Transport Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35075-35085. [PMID: 28952721 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF)/polymer composite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are being intensively investigated due to their potentials for the systematic design of proton-conducting properties. However, the development of MOF/polymer composite PEMs possessing high selectivity remains exceedingly desirable and challenging for practical application. Herein, two-dimensional (2D) zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8)/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid cross-linked networks (ZCN) were synthesized via the rational design of the physical form of ZIF-8, and then a series of composite PEMs were prepared by hybridizing ZCN with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) matrix. The effect of the incorporation of zero-dimensional (0D) raw ZIF-8 nanoparticles and 2D ZCN on the proton conduction and methanol permeability of the composite membranes was systemically studied. Benefiting from the morphological and compositional advantages of ZCN, the SPEEK/ZCN composite membranes displayed a significant enhancement in proton conductivity under various conditions. In particular, the proton conductivity of SPEEK/ZCN-2.5 membrane was up to 50.24 mS cm-1 at 120 °C-30% RH, which was 11.2 times that of the recast SPEEK membrane (4.50 mS cm-1) and 2.1 times that of SPEEK/ZIF membrane (24.1 mS cm-1) under the same condition. Meanwhile, the methanol permeability of the SPEEK/ZCN composite membranes was greatly reduced. Therefore, novel MOF/polymer composite PEMs with high selectivity were obtained. Our investigation results reveal that the proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the MOF/polymer composite membranes can be effectively tailored via creating more elaborate superstructures of MOFs rather than altering the chemical component. This effective strategy may provide a useful guideline to integrate with other interesting MOFs to design MOF/polymer composite membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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20
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Chitosan-based composite membranes containing chitosan-coated carbon nanotubes for polymer electrolyte membranes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Polymer and Composite Membranes for Proton-Conducting, High-Temperature Fuel Cells: A Critical Review. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10070687. [PMID: 28773045 PMCID: PMC5551730 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer fuel cells operating above 100 °C (High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, HT-PEMFCs) have gained large interest for their application to automobiles. The HT-PEMFC devices are typically made of membranes with poly(benzimidazoles), although other polymers, such as sulphonated poly(ether ether ketones) and pyridine-based materials have been reported. In this critical review, we address the state-of-the-art of membrane fabrication and their properties. A large number of papers of uneven quality has appeared in the literature during the last few years, so this review is limited to works that are judged as significant. Emphasis is put on proton transport and the physico-chemical mechanisms of proton conductivity.
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22
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Polymer electrolyte membrane with heterocyclic terminated poly(ethylene glycol) brushes: An approach to decorate proton conductive species on membrane surface. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Nanohybrids of graphene oxide chemically-bonded with Nafion: Preparation and application for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Singha S, Jana T. Influence of interfacial interactions on the properties of polybenzimidazole/clay nanocomposite electrolyte membrane. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Jo SG, Kim TH, Yoon SJ, Oh SG, Cha MS, Shin HY, Ahn JM, Lee JY, Hong YT. Synthesis and investigation of random-structured ionomers with highly sulfonated multi-phenyl pendants for electrochemical applications. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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27
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Liu YL. Effective approaches for the preparation of organo-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the corresponding MWCNT/polymer nanocomposites. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of porous polybenzimidazole materials for CO2 adsorption at high pressures. ADSORPTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-016-9762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Romero M, Faccio R, Mombrú ÁW. Novel fluorine-free 2,2′-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole) additive for lithium-ion poly(methyl methacrylate) solid polymer electrolytes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11838k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we study the effect of the addition of fluorine-free 2,2′-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole) (BDI) on lithium-ion solid polymer electrolytes based on lithium nitrate and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Romero
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat Lab/Física – DETEMA – Facultad de Química – Universidad de la República
- Uruguay
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Nanotecnología
- Química y Física de Materiales – Espacio Interdisciplinario – Universidad de la República
- Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Faccio
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat Lab/Física – DETEMA – Facultad de Química – Universidad de la República
- Uruguay
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Nanotecnología
- Química y Física de Materiales – Espacio Interdisciplinario – Universidad de la República
- Uruguay
| | - Álvaro W. Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat Lab/Física – DETEMA – Facultad de Química – Universidad de la República
- Uruguay
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Nanotecnología
- Química y Física de Materiales – Espacio Interdisciplinario – Universidad de la República
- Uruguay
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30
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Zeng L, Zhao T, An L, Zhao G, Yan X. Physicochemical properties of alkaline doped polybenzimidazole membranes for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Zhang B, Xie S, Wei R, Ma H, Yu M, Li L, Li J. Radiation induced graft polymerization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for superhydrophobic composite membrane preparation. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Low acid leaching PEM for fuel cell based on polybenzimidazole nanocomposites with protic ionic liquid modified silica. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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32.Sulfonic acid functionalization of 2-aminoterephthalate metal−organic framework and silica nanoparticles by surface initiated radical polymerization: as proton-conducting solid electrolytes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Cui L, Geng Q, Gong C, Liu H, Zheng G, Wang G, Liu Q, Wen S. Novel sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)/silica coated carbon nanotubes high-performance composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Hubei Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing and Finishing Key Laboratory; Wuhan Textile University; Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Qing Geng
- Hubei Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing and Finishing Key Laboratory; Wuhan Textile University; Wuhan 430073 China
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science; Hubei Engineering University; Xiaogan 432100 Hubei China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science; Hubei Engineering University; Xiaogan 432100 Hubei China
| | - Hai Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science; Hubei Engineering University; Xiaogan 432100 Hubei China
| | - Genwen Zheng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science; Hubei Engineering University; Xiaogan 432100 Hubei China
| | - Guangjin Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science; Hubei Engineering University; Xiaogan 432100 Hubei China
| | - Qiming Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Science; Hubei Engineering University; Xiaogan 432100 Hubei China
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35
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Molecularly imprinted organic solvent nanofiltration membranes – Revealing molecular recognition and solute rejection behaviour. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Yang J, Liu C, Gao L, Wang J, Xu Y, He R. Novel composite membranes of triazole modified graphene oxide and polybenzimidazole for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel acid-doped membranes possessing improved proton conductivity and enhanced mechanical properties were prepared from polybenzimidazole and triazole modified graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshuai Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Liping Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Ronghuan He
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
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37
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Singha S, Jana T. Structure and properties of polybenzimidazole/silica nanocomposite electrolyte membrane: influence of organic/inorganic interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21286-21296. [PMID: 25365766 DOI: 10.1021/am506260j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although increased number of reports in recent years on proton exchange membrane (PEM) developed from nanocomposites of polybenzimidazole (PBI) with inorganic fillers brought hope to end the saga of contradiction between proton conductivity and variety of stabilities, such as mechanical, thermal,chemical, etc.; it still remains a prime challenge to develop a highly conducting PEM with superior aforementioned stabilities. In fact the very limited understanding of the interactions especially interfacial interaction between PBI and inorganic filler leads to confusion over the choice of inorganic filler type and their surface functionalities. Taking clue from our earlier study based on poly(4,4'-diphenylether-5,5'-bibenzimidazole) (OPBI)/silica nanocomposites, where silica nanoparticles modified with short chain amine showed interfacial interaction-dependent properties, in this work we explored the possibility of enhanced interfacial interaction and control over the interface by optimizing the chemistry of the silica surface. We functionalized the surface of silica nanoparticles with a longer aliphatic chain having multiple amine groups (named as long chain amine modified silica and abbreviated as LAMS). FTIR and (13)C solid-state NMR provided proof of hydrogen bonding interactions between the amine groups of modifier and those of OPBI. LAMS nanoparticles yielded a more distinguished self-assembly extending all over the OPBI matrix with increasing concentrations. The crystalline nature of these self-assembled clusters was probed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies and the morphological features were captured by transmission electron microscope (TEM). We demonstrated the changes in storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the membranes, the fundamental parameters that are more sensitive to interfacial structure using temperature dependent dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). All the nanocomposite membranes displayed enhanced mechanical, thermal and chemical stability than neat OPBI. The lower water uptake and swelling ratio and volume in both acid and water reflected the more hydrophobic characteristic of the nanocomposites. All the nanocomposite membranes showed phosphoric acid (PA) values to be higher than OPBI but the levels showed decreasing trend with increasing silica content; the reason attributed to the interparticle interaction. The self-assembled clusters of LAMS nanoparticles in the matrix created more sites for proton hopping as a result of which the proton conductivity of all the nanocomposites displayed an increasing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvra Singha
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500046, India
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38
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Maity S, Jana T. Polycondensation of structurally divergent tetraamine monomers with dicarboxylic acids to synthesize polybenzimidazole copolymers for polymer electrolyte membranes. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tushar Jana
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
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39
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Ganeshkumar A, Bera D, Mistri EA, Banerjee S. Triphenyl amine containing sulfonated aromatic polyimide proton exchange membranes. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Kausar A, Khurram M, Siddiq M. Sulfonated poly(sulfone-pyridine-amide)/sulfonated polystyrene/multiwalled carbon nanotube-based fuel cell membranes. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- Nanosciences and Catalysis Division; National Centre For Physics; 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khurram
- Nanosciences and Catalysis Division; National Centre For Physics; 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Siddiq
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
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41
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He G, Zhao J, Hu S, Li L, Li Z, Li Y, Li Z, Wu H, Yang X, Jiang Z. Functionalized carbon nanotube via distillation precipitation polymerization and its application in nafion-based composite membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:15291-15301. [PMID: 25109828 DOI: 10.1021/am503760u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a novel approach to in situ functionalizing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and exploring their application in Nafion-based composite membranes for efficient proton conduction. Covalent grafting of acrylate-modified MWCNTs with poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), poly(vinylphosphonic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), and sulfonated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) was achieved via surface-initiated distillation precipitation polymerization. The formation of core-shell structure was verified by TEM images, and polymer layers with thickness around 30 nm were uniformly covered on the MWCNTs. The graft yield reached up to 93.3 wt % after 80 min of polymerization. The functionalized CNTs (FCNTs) were incorporated into the Nafion matrix to prepare composite membranes. The influence of various functional groups (-COOH, -PO3H2, and -SO3H) in FCNTs on proton transport of the composite membranes was studied. The incorporation of FCNTs afforded the composite membranes significantly enhanced proton conductivities under reduced relative humidity. The composite membrane containing 5 wt % phosphorylated MWCNTs (PCNTs) showed the highest proton conductivity, which was attributed to the construction of lower-energy-barrier proton transport pathways by PCNTs, and excellent water-retention and proton-conduction properties of the cross-linked polymer in PCNTs. Moreover, the composite membranes exhibited an enhanced mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei He
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
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42
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Li HY, Lee YY, Lai JY, Liu YL. Composite membranes of Nafion and poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun nanofiber mats for fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Soylemez S, Kanik FE, Uzun SD, Hacioglu SO, Toppare L. Development of an efficient immobilization matrix based on a conducting polymer and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes: synthesis and its application to ethanol biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:511-521. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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45
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Yang J, Aili D, Li Q, Cleemann LN, Jensen JO, Bjerrum NJ, He R. Covalently cross-linked sulfone polybenzimidazole membranes with poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) for fuel cell applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:275-282. [PMID: 23303655 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalently cross-linked polymer membranes were fabricated from poly(aryl sulfone benzimidazole) (SO(2)PBI) and poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBCl) as electrolytes for high-temperature proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells. The cross-linking imparted organo insolubility and chemical stability against radical attack to the otherwise flexible SO(2)PBI membranes. Steady phosphoric acid doping of the cross-linked membranes was achieved at elevated temperatures with little swelling. The acid-doped membranes exhibited increased mechanical strength compared to both pristine SO(2)PBI and poly[2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole] (mPBI). The superior characteristics of the cross-linked SO(2)PBI membranes allowed higher acid doping levels and, therefore, higher proton conductivity. Fuel-cell tests with the cross-linked membranes demonstrated a high open circuit voltage and improved power performance and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshuai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
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46
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Solution casting Nafion/polytetrafluoroethylene membrane for vanadium redox flow battery application. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Chang CM, Li HY, Lai JY, Liu YL. Nanocomposite membranes of Nafion and Fe3O4-anchored and Nafion-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes exhibiting high proton conductivity and low methanol permeability for direct methanol fuel cells. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Li Q, Liu L, Liang S, Dong Q, Jin B, Bai R. Preparation and characterization of composite membranes with ionic liquid polymer-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for alkaline fuel cells. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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49
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Suryani, Chang YN, Lai JY, Liu YL. Polybenzimidazole (PBI)-functionalized silica nanoparticles modified PBI nanocomposite membranes for proton exchange membranes fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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50
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Liu YL. Developments of highly proton-conductive sulfonated polymers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20106b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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