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Seo SW, Song Y, Mustakim N. Hydrogel Micropillar Array for Temperature Sensing in Fluid. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2023; 23:19021-19027. [PMID: 37664783 PMCID: PMC10471143 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2023.3293433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Localized temperature sensing and control on a micron-scale have diverse applications in biological systems. We present a micron-sized hydrogel pillar array as potential temperature probes and actuators by exploiting sensitive temperature dependence of their volume change. Soft lithography-based molding processes were presented to fabricate poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (p-NIPAAm)-based hydrogel pillar array on a glass substrate. Au nanorods as light-induced heating elements were embedded within the hydrogel pillars, and near-infrared (NIR) light was used to modulate temperature in a local area. First, static responses of the micro-pillar array were characterized as a function of its temperature. It was shown that the hydrogel had a sensitive volume transition near its low critical solution temperature (LCST). Furthermore, we showed that LCST could be readily adjusted by utilizing copolymerizing with acrylamide (AAM). To demonstrate the feasibility of spatiotemporal temperature mapping and modulation using the presented pillar array, pulsed NIR light was illuminated on a local area of the hydrogel pillar array, and its responses were recorded. Dynamic temperature change in water was mapped based on the abrupt volume change characteristics of the hydrogel pillar, and its potential actuation using NIR light was successfully demonstrated. Considering that the structure can be arrayed in a two-dimensional pixel format with high spatial resolution and high sensitive temperature characteristics, the presented method and the device structure can have diverse applications to change and sense local temperatures in liquid. This is particularly useful in biological systems, where their physiological temperature can be modulated and mapped with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woo Seo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Youngsik Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Nafis Mustakim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, NY 10031 USA
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Johnson CP, Hart A, Jarvis KF, Latario SG, Shrestha S, Leclerc N, Khalil A, Kelley JB. The G-alpha Gpa1 directs septin localization in the mating projection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through its Ubiquitination Domain and Endocytic Machinery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545321. [PMID: 37398119 PMCID: PMC10312744 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The yeast mating response uses a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), Ste2, to detect mating pheromone and initiate mating projection morphogenesis. The septin cytoskeleton plays a key role in the formation of the mating projection, forming structures at the base of the projection. Desensitization of the Gα, Gpa1, by the Regulator of G-protein Signaling (RGS), Sst2, is required for proper septin organization and morphogenesis. In cells where the Gα is hyperactive, septins are mislocalized to the site of polarity, and the cells are unable to track a pheromone gradient. We set out to identify the proteins that mediate Gα control of septins during the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating response by making mutations to rescue septin localization in cells expressing the hyperactive Gα mutant gpa1G302S. We found that single deletions of the septin chaperone Gic1, the Cdc42 GAP Bem3, and the epsins Ent1 and Ent2 rescued the polar cap accumulation of septins in the hyperactive Gα. We created an agent-based model of vesicle trafficking that predicts how changes in endocytic cargo licensing alters localization of endocytosis that mirrors the septin localization we see experimentally. We hypothesized that hyperactive Gα may increase the rate of endocytosis of a pheromone responsive cargo, thereby altering where septins are localized. Both the GPCR and the Gα are known to be internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis during the pheromone response. Deletion of the GPCR C-terminus to block internalization partially rescued septin organization. However, deletion of the Gpa1 ubiquitination domain required for its endocytosis completely abrogated septin accumulation at the polarity site. Our data support a model where the location of endocytosis serves as a spatial mark for septin structure assembly and that desensitization of the Gα delays its endocytosis sufficiently that septins are placed peripheral to the site of Cdc42 polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory P. Johnson
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Andrew Hart
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Katherine F. Jarvis
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
- CompuMAINE Laboratory University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Sarah G. Latario
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Sudati Shrestha
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Nicholas Leclerc
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - André Khalil
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
- CompuMAINE Laboratory University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - Joshua B. Kelley
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
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3
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Zhao Y, Kim HS, Zou X, Huang L, Liang X, Li Z, Kim JS, Lin W. Harnessing Dual-Fluorescence Lifetime Probes to Validate Regulatory Mechanisms of Organelle Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20854-20865. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Hyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Xiang Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zihong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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Rivas Aiello MB, Azcárate JC, Zelaya E, David Gara P, Bosio GN, Gensch T, Mártire DO. Photothermal therapy with silver nanoplates in HeLa cells studied by in situ fluorescence microscopy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2608-2619. [PMID: 33595000 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01952f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a noninvasive treatment for cancer relying on the incorporation of NIR-light absorbing nanomaterials into cells, which upon illumination release heat causing thermally induced cell death. We prove that irradiation of aqueous suspensions of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-coated silver nanoplates (PVPAgNP) or PVPAgNP in HeLa cells with red or NIR lasers causes a sizeable photothermal effect, which in cells can be visualized with the temperature sensing fluorophore Rhodamine B (RhB) using spinning disk confocal fluorescence microscopy or fluorescence lifetime imaging. Upon red-light irradiation of cells that were incubated with both, RhB and PVPAgNP at concentrations with no adverse effects on cell viability, a substantial heat release is detected. Initiation of cell death by photothermal effect is observed by positive signals of fluorescent markers for early and late apoptosis. Surprisingly, a new nanomaterial-assisted cell killing mode is operating when PVPAgNP-loaded HeLa cells are excited with moderate powers of fs-pulsed NIR light. Small roundish areas are generated with bright and fast (<1 ns) decaying emission, which expand fast and destroy the whole cell in seconds. This characteristic emission is assigned to efficient optical breakdown initiation around the strongly absorbing PVPAgNP leading to plasma formation that spreads fast through the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Rivas Aiello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C. C. 16, Suc. 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
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5
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Hashim H, Maruyama H, Akita Y, Arai F. Hydrogel Fluorescence Microsensor with Fluorescence Recovery for Prolonged Stable Temperature Measurements. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19235247. [PMID: 31795304 PMCID: PMC6928776 DOI: 10.3390/s19235247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a hydrogel fluorescence microsensor for prolonged stable temperature measurements. Temperature measurement using microsensors has the potential to provide information about cells, tissues, and the culture environment, with optical measurement using a fluorescent dye being a promising microsensing approach. However, it is challenging to achieve stable measurements over prolonged periods with conventional measurement methods based on the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent dye because the excited fluorescent dye molecules are bleached by the exposure to light. The decrease in fluorescence intensity induced by photobleaching causes measurement errors. In this work, a photobleaching compensation method based on the diffusion of fluorescent dye inside a hydrogel microsensor is proposed. The factors that influence compensation in the hydrogel microsensor system are the interval time between measurements, material, concentration of photo initiator, and the composition of the fluorescence microsensor. These factors were evaluated by comparing a polystyrene fluorescence microsensor and a hydrogel fluorescence microsensor, both with diameters of 20 µm. The hydrogel fluorescence microsensor made from 9% poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) 575 and 2% photo initiator showed excellent fluorescence intensity stability after exposure (standard deviation of difference from initial fluorescence after 100 measurement repetitions: within 1%). The effect of microsensor size on the stability of the fluorescence intensity was also evaluated. The hydrogel fluorescence microsensors, with sizes greater than the measurement area determined by the axial resolution of the confocal microscope, showed a small decrease in fluorescence intensity, within 3%, after 900 measurement repetitions. The temperature of deionized water in a microchamber was measured for 5400 s using both a thermopile and the hydrogel fluorescence microsensor. The results showed that the maximum error and standard deviation of error between these two sensors were 0.5 °C and 0.3 °C, respectively, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairulazwan Hashim
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (Y.A.); (F.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-52-789-5026; Fax: +81-52-789-5104
| | - Hisataka Maruyama
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (Y.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Yusuke Akita
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (Y.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (H.M.); (Y.A.); (F.A.)
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Wei L, Tian Y, Yan W, Cheung K, Ho D. Liquid-core waveguide TCSPC sensor for high-accuracy fluorescence lifetime analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3641-3652. [PMID: 31037372 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-core waveguide (LCW) has many advantages such as the elimination of optical artifacts typically exhibited in systems employing lenses and filters. However, due to the effect of temporal dispersion, LCWs are typically employed in steady-state fluorescence detection microsystems rather than in fluorescence lifetime measurement (FLM) systems. In this paper, we present a compact liquid-core waveguide time-correlated single-photon counting (LCW-TCSPC) sensor for FLM. The propagation of excitation within the LCW is analyzed both analytically and in simulations, with results in agreement with experimental characterization. Results reveal an optimal region within the LCW for highly accurate FLM. The proposed prototype achieves excellent excitation rejection and low temporal dispersion as a result of optimization of the propagation length of the excitation within the LCW. The prototype achieves a detection limit of 5 nM for Coumarin 6 in dimethyl sulfoxide with < 3% lifetime error. The techniques proposed for analyzing the LCW for TCSPC based FLM and prototype demonstration pave the way for developing high-performance fluorescence lifetime measurement for microfluidics and point-of-care applications. Graphical abstract A compact liquid-core waveguide time-correlated single-photon counting (LCW-TCSPC) sensor for fluorescence lifetime measurement (FLM) is presented. Results reveal an optimal propagation length region within the LCW for highly accurate FLM. The prototype achieves a detection limit of 5 nM for Coumarin 6 in dimethyl sulfoxide with < 3% lifetime error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenrong Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kawai Cheung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Derek Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Vyšniauskas A, Kuimova MK. A twisted tale: measuring viscosity and temperature of microenvironments using molecular rotors. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2018.1510461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Vyšniauskas
- Center of Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Chemistry Department, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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8
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Lee SC, Heo J, Woo HC, Lee JA, Seo YH, Lee CL, Kim S, Kwon OP. Fluorescent Molecular Rotors for Viscosity Sensors. Chemistry 2018; 24:13706-13718. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Heo
- Center for Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 39-1 Hawolgok-dong Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Hee Chul Woo
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI); Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ah Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Seo
- Center for Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 39-1 Hawolgok-dong Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Chang-Lyoul Lee
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI); Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); 39-1 Hawolgok-dong Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology; KIST School; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); Seoul 02792 Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology; Korea University; 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - O-Pil Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Republic of Korea
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10
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Mercadé-Prieto R, Rodriguez-Rivera L, Chen XD. Fluorescence lifetime of Rhodamine B in aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and proteins as a function of viscosity and temperature. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:1727-1734. [PMID: 29083002 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodamine B (RhB) is a well known dye extensively used in thermometric studies, either considering the decrease in the fluorescence intensity or the lifetime (τ) with temperature. Lifetime measurements are preferred over intensity ones as they are more robust. In order to expand microscopy thermometry to complex food fluids, the effect of solutes on the τ of RhB was studied using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in a two-photon microscope. Polysaccharides of different molecular weights (glucose, lactose, dextran, maltodextrin, and sodium alginate), as well as whey proteins, were considered as typical model food ingredients. A linear increase in τ with the concentration is observed in most polysaccharides, highlighting that it is not due to an increase in the macroscopic viscosity, but in maltodextrins a Langmuir-like concentration dependence is observed. There are extensive interactions between RhB and whey proteins at small concentrations that quickly increase τ up to saturation at >10 wt% proteins, with τ modelled well using an adsorption Langmuir model. Therefore, the effect of solutes on RhB τ is not related to changes in the macroscopic viscosity. The temperature sensitivity of τ, quantified using apparent activation energies, decreases at high solute contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Mercadé-Prieto
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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11
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Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime (FLT) is a robust intrinsic property and material constant of fluorescent matter. Measuring this important physical indicator has evolved from a laboratory curiosity to a powerful and established technique for a variety of applications in drug discovery, medical diagnostics and basic biological research. This distinct trend was mainly driven by improved and meanwhile affordable laser and detection instrumentation on the one hand, and the development of suitable FLT probes and biological assays on the other. In this process two essential working approaches emerged. The first one is primarily focused on high throughput applications employing biochemical in vitro assays with no requirement for high spatial resolution. The second even more dynamic trend is the significant expansion of assay methods combining highly time and spatially resolved fluorescence data by fluorescence lifetime imaging. The latter approach is currently pursued to enable not only the investigation of immortal tumor cell lines, but also specific tissues or even organs in living animals. This review tries to give an actual overview about the current status of FLT based bioassays and the wide range of application opportunities in biomedical and life science areas. In addition, future trends of FLT technologies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany
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12
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Lagarto J, Hares JD, Dunsby C, French PMW. Development of Low-Cost Instrumentation for Single Point Autofluorescence Lifetime Measurements. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1643-1654. [PMID: 28540652 PMCID: PMC5583312 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Autofluorescence lifetime measurements, which can provide label-free readouts in biological tissues, contrasting e.g. different types and states of tissue matrix components and different cellular metabolites, may have significant clinical potential for diagnosis and to provide surgical guidance. However, the cost of the instrumentation typically used currently presents a barrier to wider implementation. We describe a low-cost single point time-resolved autofluorescence instrument, exploiting modulated laser diodes for excitation and FPGA-based circuitry for detection, together with a custom constant fraction discriminator. Its temporal accuracy is compared against a "gold-standard" instrument incorporating commercial TCSPC circuitry by resolving the fluorescence decays of reference fluorophores presenting single and double exponential decay profiles. To illustrate the potential to read out intrinsic contrast in tissue, we present preliminary measurements of autofluorescence lifetime measurements of biological tissues ex vivo. We believe that the lower cost of this instrument could enhance the potential of autofluorescence lifetime metrology for clinical deployment and commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lagarto
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Jonathan D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BD, UK
| | - Christopher Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul M W French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Gruber P, Marques MPC, Szita N, Mayr T. Integration and application of optical chemical sensors in microbioreactors. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2693-2712. [PMID: 28725897 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of key variables such as oxygen, pH, carbon dioxide, glucose, and temperature provides essential information for biological and biotechnological applications and their development. Microfluidic devices offer an opportunity to accelerate research and development in these areas due to their small scale, and the fine control over the microenvironment, provided that these key variables can be measured. Optical sensors are well-suited for this task. They offer non-invasive and non-destructive monitoring of the mentioned variables, and the establishment of time-course profiles without the need for sampling from the microfluidic devices. They can also be implemented in larger systems, facilitating cross-scale comparison of analytical data. This tutorial review presents an overview of the optical sensors and their technology, with a view to support current and potential new users in microfluidics and biotechnology in the implementation of such sensors. It introduces the benefits and challenges of sensor integration, including, their application for microbioreactors. Sensor formats, integration methods, device bonding options, and monitoring options are explained. Luminescent sensors for oxygen, pH, carbon dioxide, glucose and temperature are showcased. Areas where further development is needed are highlighted with the intent to guide future development efforts towards analytes for which reliable, stable, or easily integrated detection methods are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gruber
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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14
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The Effect of Temperature on Microtubule-Based Transport by Cytoplasmic Dynein and Kinesin-1 Motors. Biophys J 2017; 111:1287-1294. [PMID: 27653487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin are both microtubule-based molecular motors but are structurally and evolutionarily unrelated. Under standard conditions, both move with comparable unloaded velocities toward either the microtubule minus (dynein) or plus (most kinesins) end. This similarity is important because it is often implicitly incorporated into models that examine the balance of cargo fluxes in cells and into models of the bidirectional motility of individual cargos. We examined whether this similarity is a robust feature, and specifically whether it persists across the biologically relevant temperature range. The velocity of mammalian cytoplasmic dynein, but not of mammalian kinesin-1, exhibited a break from simple Arrhenius behavior below 15°C-just above the restrictive temperature of mammalian fast axonal transport. In contrast, the velocity of yeast cytoplasmic dynein showed a break from Arrhenius behavior at a lower temperature (∼8°C). Our studies implicate cytoplasmic dynein as a more thermally tunable motor and therefore a potential thermal regulator of microtubule-based transport. Our theoretical analysis further suggests that motor velocity changes can lead to qualitative changes in individual cargo motion and hence net intracellular cargo fluxes. We propose that temperature can potentially be used as a noninvasive probe of intracellular transport.
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15
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Shishkin I, Alon T, Dagan R, Ginzburg P. Temperature and Phase Transition Sensing in Liquids with Fluorescent Probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2017.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Rodríguez-Sevilla P, Labrador-Páez L, Jaque D, Haro-González P. Optical trapping for biosensing: materials and applications. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9085-9101. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical trapping has been evidence as a very powerful tool for the manipulation and study of biological entities. This review explains the main concepts regarding the use of optical trapping for biosensing, focusing its attention to those applications involving the manipulation of particles which are used as handles, force transducers and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Fluorescence Imaging Group
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - L. Labrador-Páez
- Fluorescence Imaging Group
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - D. Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - P. Haro-González
- Fluorescence Imaging Group
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
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17
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Hong W, Takshak A, Osunbayo O, Kunwar A, Vershinin M. The Effect of Temperature on Microtubule-Based Transport by Cytoplasmic Dynein and Kinesin-1 Motors. Biophys J 2016. [PMID: 27653487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.006.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin are both microtubule-based molecular motors but are structurally and evolutionarily unrelated. Under standard conditions, both move with comparable unloaded velocities toward either the microtubule minus (dynein) or plus (most kinesins) end. This similarity is important because it is often implicitly incorporated into models that examine the balance of cargo fluxes in cells and into models of the bidirectional motility of individual cargos. We examined whether this similarity is a robust feature, and specifically whether it persists across the biologically relevant temperature range. The velocity of mammalian cytoplasmic dynein, but not of mammalian kinesin-1, exhibited a break from simple Arrhenius behavior below 15°C-just above the restrictive temperature of mammalian fast axonal transport. In contrast, the velocity of yeast cytoplasmic dynein showed a break from Arrhenius behavior at a lower temperature (∼8°C). Our studies implicate cytoplasmic dynein as a more thermally tunable motor and therefore a potential thermal regulator of microtubule-based transport. Our theoretical analysis further suggests that motor velocity changes can lead to qualitative changes in individual cargo motion and hence net intracellular cargo fluxes. We propose that temperature can potentially be used as a noninvasive probe of intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Hong
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anjneya Takshak
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Olaolu Osunbayo
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ambarish Kunwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Michael Vershinin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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18
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Wong D, Yesiloz G, Boybay MS, Ren CL. Microwave temperature measurement in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2192-2197. [PMID: 27199210 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In spite of various existing thermometry methods for microfluidic applications, it remains challenging to measure the temperature of individual droplets in segmented flow since fast moving droplets do not allow sufficient exposure time demanded by both fluorescence based techniques and resistance temperature detectors. In this contribution, we present a microwave thermometry method that is non-intrusive and requires minimal external equipment. This technique relies on the correlation of fluid temperature with the resonance frequency of a microwave sensor that operates at a GHz frequency range. It is a remote yet direct sensing technique, eliminating the need for mixing fluorescent dyes with the working fluid. We demonstrated that the sensor operates reliably over multiple tests and is capable of both heating and sensing. It measures temperature to within ±1.2 °C accuracy and can detect the temperature of individual droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wong
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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19
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Rodríguez-Sevilla P, Zhang Y, Haro-González P, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Jaque F, Solé JG, Liu X, Jaque D. Thermal Scanning at the Cellular Level by an Optically Trapped Upconverting Fluorescent Particle. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2421-2426. [PMID: 26821941 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
3D optical manipulation of a thermal-sensing upconverting particle allows for the determination of the extension of the thermal gradient created in the surroundings of a plasmonic-mediated photothermal-treated HeLa cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Yuhai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Patricia Haro-González
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanz-Rodríguez
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Francisco Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José García Solé
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, 28034, Spain
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20
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Bhargava KC, Thompson B, Tembhekar A, Malmstadt N. Temperature Sensing in Modular Microfluidic Architectures. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7010011. [PMID: 30407384 PMCID: PMC6190081 DOI: 10.3390/mi7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A discrete microfluidic element with integrated thermal sensor was fabricated and demonstrated as an effective probe for process monitoring and prototyping. Elements were constructed using stereolithography and market-available glass-bodied thermistors within the modular, standardized framework of previous discrete microfluidic elements demonstrated in the literature. Flow rate-dependent response due to sensor self-heating and microchannel heating and cooling was characterized and shown to be linear in typical laboratory conditions. An acid-base neutralization reaction was performed in a continuous flow setting to demonstrate applicability in process management: the ratio of solution flow rates was varied to locate the equivalence point in a titration, closely matching expected results. This element potentially enables complex, three-dimensional microfluidic architectures with real-time temperature feedback and flow rate sensing, without application specificity or restriction to planar channel routing formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisna C Bhargava
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Bryant Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Anoop Tembhekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Noah Malmstadt
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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21
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Zhou H, Sharma M, Berezin O, Zuckerman D, Berezin MY. Nanothermometry: From Microscopy to Thermal Treatments. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:27-36. [PMID: 26443335 PMCID: PMC7396319 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Measuring temperature in cells and tissues remotely, with sufficient sensitivity, and in real time presents a new paradigm in engineering, chemistry and biology. Traditional sensors, such as contact thermometers, thermocouples, and electrodes, are too large to measure the temperature with subcellular resolution and are too invasive to measure the temperature in deep tissue. The new challenge requires novel approaches in designing biocompatible temperature sensors-nanothermometers-and innovative techniques for their measurements. In the last two decades, a variety of nanothermometers whose response reflected the thermal environment within a physiological temperature range have been identified as potential sensors. This review covers the principles and aspects of nanothermometer design driven by two emerging areas: single-cell thermogenesis and image guided thermal treatments. The review highlights the current trends in nanothermometry illustrated with recent representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Darryl Zuckerman
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mikhail Y Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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22
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Fitzgerald C, Hosny NA, Tong H, Seville PC, Gallimore PJ, Davidson NM, Athanasiadis A, Botchway SW, Ward AD, Kalberer M, Kuimova MK, Pope FD. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of optically levitated aerosol: a technique to quantitatively map the viscosity of suspended aerosol particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21710-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03674k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A technique to measure the viscosity of stably levitated single micron-sized aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - N. A. Hosny
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - H. Tong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - P. C. Seville
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Central Lancashire
- Preston
- UK
| | | | - N. M. Davidson
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | | | - S. W. Botchway
- The Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Oxfordshire
- UK
| | - A. D. Ward
- The Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Oxfordshire
- UK
| | - M. Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - M. K. Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - F. D. Pope
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
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23
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Vyšniauskas A, Qurashi M, Gallop N, Balaz M, Anderson HL, Kuimova MK. Unravelling the effect of temperature on viscosity-sensitive fluorescent molecular rotors. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5773-5778. [PMID: 28791085 PMCID: PMC5520772 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02248g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the effect of temperature on three viscosity-sensitive fluorophores termed ‘molecular rotors’. In the case of the conjugated porphyrin dimer, it can be used for measuring both viscosity and temperature concurrently.
Viscosity and temperature variations in the microscopic world are of paramount importance for diffusion and reactions. Consequently, a plethora of fluorescent probes have evolved over the years to enable fluorescent imaging of both parameters in biological cells. However, the simultaneous effect of both temperature and viscosity on the photophysical behavior of fluorophores is rarely considered, yet unavoidable variations in temperature can lead to significant errors in the readout of viscosity and vice versa. Here we examine the effect of temperature on the photophysical behavior of three classes of viscosity-sensitive fluorophores termed ‘molecular rotors’. For each of the fluorophores we decouple the effect of temperature from the effect of viscosity. In the case of the conjugated porphyrin dimer, we demonstrate that, uniquely, simultaneous dual-mode lifetime and intensity measurements of this fluorophore can be used for measuring both viscosity and temperature concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Vyšniauskas
- Chemistry Department , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Maryam Qurashi
- Chemistry Department , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Nathaniel Gallop
- Chemistry Department , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Milan Balaz
- Chemistry Department , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Chemistry Department , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK
| | - Marina K Kuimova
- Chemistry Department , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , SW7 2AZ , UK .
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24
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25
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Pfeiffer SA, Nagl S. Microfluidic platforms employing integrated fluorescent or luminescent chemical sensors: a review of methods, scope and applications. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:034003. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/3/034003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Lagarto J, Dyer BT, Talbot C, Sikkel MB, Peters NS, French PMW, Lyon AR, Dunsby C. Application of time-resolved autofluorescence to label-free in vivo optical mapping of changes in tissue matrix and metabolism associated with myocardial infarction and heart failure. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:324-46. [PMID: 25780727 PMCID: PMC4354591 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the potential of an instrument combining time-resolved spectrofluorometry and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to measure structural and metabolic changes in cardiac tissue in vivo in a 16 week post-myocardial infarction heart failure model in rats. In the scar region, we observed changes in the fluorescence signal that can be explained by increased collagen content, which is in good agreement with histology. In areas remote from the scar tissue, we measured changes in the fluorescence signal (p < 0.001) that cannot be explained by differences in collagen content and we attribute this to altered metabolism within the myocardium. A linear discriminant analysis algorithm was applied to the measurements to predict the tissue disease state. When we combine all measurements, our results reveal high diagnostic accuracy in the infarcted area (100%) and border zone (94.44%) as well as in remote regions from the scar (> 77%). Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of our instrument to characterize structural and metabolic changes in a failing heart in vivo without using exogenous labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lagarto
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ
UK
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Benjamin T. Dyer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN
UK
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Clifford Talbot
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ
UK
| | - Markus B. Sikkel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN
UK
| | - Nicholas S. Peters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN
UK
| | - Paul M. W. French
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN
UK
| | - Alexander R. Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN
UK
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chris Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ
UK
- Authors contributed equally to this work
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27
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Abstract
Droplet microfluidics may soon change the paradigm of performing chemical analyses and related instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Yu Basova
- Masaryk University
- CEITEC, Central European Institute Technology
- Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Masaryk University
- CEITEC, Central European Institute Technology
- Brno
- Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
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28
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Hoera C, Ohla S, Shu Z, Beckert E, Nagl S, Belder D. An integrated microfluidic chip enabling control and spatially resolved monitoring of temperature in micro flow reactors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:387-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Bennet M, McCarthy A, Fix D, Edwards MR, Repp F, Vach P, Dunlop JWC, Sitti M, Buller GS, Klumpp S, Faivre D. Influence of magnetic fields on magneto-aerotaxis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101150. [PMID: 24983865 PMCID: PMC4077765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of cells to changes in their physico-chemical micro-environment is essential to their survival. For example, bacterial magnetotaxis uses the Earth's magnetic field together with chemical sensing to help microorganisms move towards favoured habitats. The studies of such complex responses are lacking a method that permits the simultaneous mapping of the chemical environment and the response of the organisms, and the ability to generate a controlled physiological magnetic field. We have thus developed a multi-modal microscopy platform that fulfils these requirements. Using simultaneous fluorescence and high-speed imaging in conjunction with diffusion and aerotactic models, we characterized the magneto-aerotaxis of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. We assessed the influence of the magnetic field (orientation; strength) on the formation and the dynamic of a micro-aerotactic band (size, dynamic, position). As previously described by models of magnetotaxis, the application of a magnetic field pointing towards the anoxic zone of an oxygen gradient results in an enhanced aerotaxis even down to Earth's magnetic field strength. We found that neither a ten-fold increase of the field strength nor a tilt of 45° resulted in a significant change of the aerotactic efficiency. However, when the field strength is zeroed or when the field angle is tilted to 90°, the magneto-aerotaxis efficiency is drastically reduced. The classical model of magneto-aerotaxis assumes a response proportional to the cosine of the angle difference between the directions of the oxygen gradient and that of the magnetic field. Our experimental evidence however shows that this behaviour is more complex than assumed in this model, thus opening up new avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bennet
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aongus McCarthy
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, and Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitri Fix
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthew R. Edwards
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Felix Repp
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Vach
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - John W. C. Dunlop
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gerald S. Buller
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, and Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Klumpp
- Department of Theory and Bio-systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Damien Faivre
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
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30
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Hall EW, Faris GW. Microdroplet temperature calibration via thermal dissociation of quenched DNA oligomers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:737-751. [PMID: 24688810 PMCID: PMC3959839 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of microscale analytical techniques has created an increasing demand for reliable and accurate heating at the microscale. Here, we present a novel method for calibrating the temperature of microdroplets using quenched, fluorescently labeled DNA oligomers. Upon melting, the 3' fluorophore of the reporter oligomer separates from the 5' quencher of its reverse complement, creating a fluorescent signal recorded as a melting curve. The melting temperature for a given oligomer is determined with a conventional quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) instrument and used to calibrate the temperature within a microdroplet, with identical buffer concentrations, heated with an infrared laser. Since significant premelt fluorescence prevents the use of a conventional (single-term) sigmoid or logistic function to describe the melting curve, we present a three-term sigmoid model that provides a very good match to the asymmetric fluorescence melting curve with premelting. Using mixtures of three oligomers of different lengths, we fit multiple three-term sigmoids to obtain precise comparison of the microscale and macroscale fluorescence melting curves using "extrapolated two-state" melting temperatures.
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31
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Benz C, Retzbach H, Nagl S, Belder D. Protein-protein interaction analysis in single microfluidic droplets using FRET and fluorescence lifetime detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2808-2814. [PMID: 23674080 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc00057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of a protein-protein interaction analysis and reaction progress monitoring in microfluidic droplets using FRET and microscopic fluorescence lifetime measurements. The fabrication of microdroplet chips using soft- and photolithographic techniques is demonstrated and the resulting chips reliably generate microdroplets of 630 pL and 6.71 nL at frequencies of 7.9 and 0.75 Hz, respectively. They were used for detection of protein-protein interactions in microdroplets using a model system of Alexa Fluor 488 labelled biotinylated BSA, Alexa Fluor 594 labelled streptavidin and unlabelled chicken egg white avidin. These microchips could be used for quantitative detection of avidin and streptavidin in microdroplets in direct and competitive assay formats with nanomolar detection limits, corresponding to attomole protein amounts. Four droplets were found to be sufficient for analytical determination. Fluorescence intensity ratio and fluorescence lifetime measurements were performed and compared for microdroplet FRET determination. A competitive on-chip binding assay for determination of unlabelled avidin using fluorescence lifetime detection could be performed within 135 s only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Benz
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Gan Z, Wu X, Zhang J, Zhu X, Chu PK. In situ thermal imaging and absolute temperature monitoring by luminescent diphenylalanine nanotubes. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2112-6. [PMID: 23679829 DOI: 10.1021/bm400562c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The temperature sensing capability of diphenylalanine nanotubes is investigated. The materials can detect local rapid temperature changes and measure the absolute temperature in situ with a precision of 1 °C by monitoring the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) intensity and lifetime, respectively. The PL lifetime is independent of ion concentrations in the medium as well as pH in the physiological range. This biocompatible thermal sensing platform has immense potential in the in situ mapping of microenvironmental temperature fluctuations in biological systems for disease diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Gan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Institute of Acoustics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, PR China
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33
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Williams GOS, Euser TG, Russell PSJ, Jones AC. Spectrofluorimetry with attomole sensitivity in photonic crystal fibres. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2013; 1:015003. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/1/015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Abstract
The current status of luminescence nanothermometry is reviewed in detail. Based on the main parameters of luminescence including intensity, bandwidth, bandshape, polarization, spectral shift and lifetime, we initially describe and compare the different classes of luminescence nanothermometry. Subsequently, the various luminescent materials used in each case are discussed and the mechanisms at the root of the luminescence thermal sensitivity are described. The most important results obtained in each case are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales C-04, Insitituto Nicolás Cabrera, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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35
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Choudhury D, Jaque D, Rodenas A, Ramsay WT, Paterson L, Kar AK. Quantum dot enabled thermal imaging of optofluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2414-2420. [PMID: 22538525 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot thermal imaging has been used to analyse the chromatic dependence of laser-induced thermal effects inside optofluidic devices with monolithically integrated near-infrared waveguides. We demonstrate how microchannel optical local heating plays an important role, which cannot be disregarded within the context of on-chip optical cell manipulation. We also report on the thermal imaging of locally illuminated microchannels when filled with nano-heating particles such as carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaditya Choudhury
- SUPA, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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36
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Byrne PJ, Richardson PJ, Chang J, Kusmartseva AF, Allan DR, Jones AC, Kamenev KV, Tasker PA, Parsons S. Piezochromism in Nickel Salicylaldoximato Complexes: Tuning Crystal-Field Splitting with High Pressure. Chemistry 2012; 18:7738-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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