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Revuelta‐Maza MÁ, Heras E, Agut M, Nonell S, Torres T, Torre G. Self‐Assembled Binaphthyl‐Bridged Amphiphilic AABB Phthalocyanines: Nanostructures for Efficient Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2021; 27:4955-4963. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Heras
- Institut Químic de Sarrià Universitat Ramon Llull 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Montserrat Agut
- Institut Químic de Sarrià Universitat Ramon Llull 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià Universitat Ramon Llull 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia C/ Faraday 9 Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid Spain
| | - Gema Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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2
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Revuelta-Maza MÁ, Torres T, Torre GDL. Synthesis and Aggregation Studies of Functional Binaphthyl-Bridged Chiral Phthalocyanines. Org Lett 2019; 21:8183-8186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Okoth EA, Zhou Z, Ongarora B, Stutes A, Mathis JM, Vicente MGH. Synthesis and investigation of phthalocyanine-biotin conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019; 23:125-135. [PMID: 33132689 PMCID: PMC7598017 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An isothiocyanato-functionalized phthalocyanine (Pc) was synthesized in good yield from the corresponding amine-substituted Pc. This Pc reacted with ethanolamine, biotin hydrazine, and biotin diethylamine under mild conditions (room temperature in DMF or DMSO in the presence of TEA) to produce the corresponding thiourea products in 60-75% yields. All Pcs showed intense Q absorptions in DMF around 677 nm, emissions centered at 683 nm, and fluorescence quantum yields in the range 0.18-0.27. The Pcs were phototoxic to human carcinoma HEp2 cells (IC50 ~ 7 at 1.5 J/cm2) and localized in multiple organelles, including the lysosomes, Golgi and ER. One biotin-Pc conjugate was injected via tail vein into nude mice bearing HT-29 tumors and demonstrated selective localization in the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Okoth
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Benson Ongarora
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Alyssa Stutes
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J. Michael Mathis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Revuelta-Maza MA, Nonell S, de la Torre G, Torres T. Boosting the singlet oxygen photosensitization abilities of Zn(ii) phthalocyanines through functionalization with bulky fluorinated substituents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7448-7454. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-aggregated, crosswise ZnPcs functionalized with bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups in facing isoindoles have proved efficient photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- 08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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Abstract
Microbial pathogens have increasingly shown multidrug resistance posing a serious threat to the public health. Advances in technology are opening novel avenues for discovery of compounds that will mitigate the ever-increasing drug-resistant microbes. Use of photodynamic photosensitizer is one of the promising alternative approaches since they offer low risk of bacteria resistance as they use generated reactive oxygen species to kill the microbes. Phthalocyanine (Pc) is one such photosensitizer which has already shown promising antimicrobial photodynamic therapeutic properties. Previous studies have shown effectiveness of the Pc against Gram-positive bacteria. However, its effectiveness toward Gram-negative bacteria is limited by the impermeability of the bacteria’s outer membrane which is made up of lipopolysaccharides layer. The effectiveness of this photosensitizer is determined by its photophysical and photochemical properties such as singlet/triplet lifetimes, singlet oxygen quantum yields, and fluorescence quantum yield. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent significance advances on designing Pc that have this improved property by either conjugating with nanoparticles, quantum dots, functional groups in peripheral position, considering effect of cationic charge, and its position on the macrocycle.
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Wu Z, Wang S, Zong L, Li N, Wang J, Jian X. Novel phthalonitrile-based composites with excellent processing, thermal, and mechanical properties. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317719968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phthalonitrile resins exhibit excellent thermostability and mechanical strength after curing. However, poor processability made them difficult to fabricate fiber-reinforced composites with desirable integrated performance. In this article, a novel mixed phthalonitrile resin was developed to be used as the matrix for glass fiber–reinforced laminates. Poly (aryl ether nitrile phthalazinone) oligomer end-capped by phthalonitrile units (PPEN-PN) was firstly designed and blended with bisphenol-based phthalonitrile monomers (BP-PN) (Figure 1), which were obtained according to the literature procedure. A novel mixed curing agent (zinc chloride and 4,4-diamine-diphenylsulfone) was also exploited to accelerate curing rate of the resins. Solubility tests, differential scanning calorimetry and rheological studies revealed that the mixed resins exhibited good processability with low processing viscosity. Thermal gravimetric analysis indicated that the cured resins were stable below 530 to approximately 570 °C in nitrogen atmosphere after low-cost curing procedure. In air, char yields of the resins were between 30 to approximately 40% when heated to 800 °C. The laminates reinforced by E-glass fiber cloth possessed a bending strength of 668 MPa with interlaminar shear strength of 84.6 MPa at room temperature. 50% of the strength and modulus was maintained when heated to 400 °C. Consequently, this type of laminates may be potential candidates for aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiang Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning province, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning province, China
| | - Lishuai Zong
- College of Chemical Engineering Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning province, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning province, China
| | - Xigao Jian
- College of Chemical Engineering Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning province, China
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Dąbrowski JM, Pucelik B, Regiel-Futyra A, Brindell M, Mazuryk O, Kyzioł A, Stochel G, Macyk W, Arnaut LG. Engineering of relevant photodynamic processes through structural modifications of metallotetrapyrrolic photosensitizers. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dąbrowski JM, Pucelik B, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG, Stochel G. Towards tuning PDT relevant photosensitizer properties: comparative study for the free and Zn2+ coordinated meso-tetrakis[2,6-difluoro-5-(N-methylsulfamylo)phenyl]porphyrin. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1073723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Luzitin SA, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer: from local to systemic treatment. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a medical device, a photosensitizing drug and adequate use of both to trigger biological mechanisms that can rapidly destroy the primary tumour and provide long-lasting protection against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
- Luzitin SA
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Ongarora BG, Zhou Z, Okoth EA, Kolesnichenko I, Smith KM, Vicente MGH. Synthesis, spectroscopic, and cellular properties of α-pegylated cis-A 2B 2- and A 3B-types ZnPcs. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014; 18:1021-1033. [PMID: 26064037 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of pegylated cis-A2B2- or A3B-type ZnPcs, substituted on the α-positions with tri(ethylene glycol) and hydroxyl groups, were synthesized from a new bis-phthalonitrile. A clamshell-type bis-phthalocyanine was also obtained as a byproduct. The hydroxyl group of one ZnPc was alkylated with 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride to afford a pegylated ZnPc functionalized with an amine group. All mononuclear ZnPcs were soluble in polar organic solvents, showed intense Q absorptions in DMF, and had fluorescence quantum yields in the range 0.10-0.23. The clamshell-type bis-phthalocyanine adopts mainly open shell conformations in DMF, and closed clamshell conformations in chloroform. All ZnPcs were highly phototoxic to human carcinoma HEp2 cells, particularly the amino-ZnPc mainly protonated under physiological conditions, which showed the highest phototoxicity (IC50 = 0.5 μM at 1.5 J/cm2) and dark cytotoxicity (IC50 = 22 μM), in part due to its high cellular uptake. The ZnPcs localized in multiple organelles, including mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi and ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson G Ongarora
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Okoth
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Igor Kolesnichenko
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M Graça H Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Pankratov AA, Andreeva TN, Yakubovskaya RI, Kogan BY, Butenin AV, Feizulova RKG, Puchnova VA, Novoseletsky NV, Khromov AV, Lukyanets EA, Vorozhtsov GN. Study of photoinduced antitumor activity of phthalocyanin-based nanostructures as pro-photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy of malignant tumors in vivo. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:798-803. [PMID: 25342486 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of aluminum and zinc phthalocyanin and metal-free phthalocyanin (AlPc, ZnPc, and H2Pc), whose molecular forms are photosensitizers, can serve as effective "prophotosensitizers" in photodynamic therapy for malignant tumors. Transition (stimulation) of photo-inert nanoparticles into a photoactive photosensitizer is realized locally in the tumor node by its exposure to potent laser pulses. Systemic injection of AlPc, ZnPc, and H2Pc nanoparticles has not led to accumulation of their photoactive form in the skin, which can lead to the development of skin phototoxicity. Effective protocols of photodynamic therapy with ZnPc nanoparticles are determined. The use of these protocols in mice with S-37 sarcoma led to 92-70% tumor growth inhibition, 48% improvement of survival, and cure in 84% cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Pankratov
- P. A. Hertzen Moscow Oncological Institute, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia,
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Sehgal I, Li H, Ongarora B, Devillier D, Vicente MGH. Synthesis and biological investigations of a ZnPc-antiCEA bioconjugate for imaging of colorectal cancer. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013; 17:150-156. [PMID: 25328375 DOI: 10.1142/s108842461250143x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) were conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), using an in situ activated carboxylic acid on the ZnPcs. The bioconjugate with the highest ZnPc/MAb ratio of 3 was investigated in vitro for its ability to target and fluorescently label human colorectal HT-29 cells. The ZnPc-CEA MAb 2 was observed to efficiently target HT-29 cells, about 37 times more than unconjugated ZnPc. Furthermore, in the presence of a 4-fold excess of unlabelled anti-CEA antibody, the fluorescence signal of 2 was reduced by ~90% showing that the targeting is CEA-mediated. These studies further confirm the high specificity of Pc-antibody conjugates for antigens over-expressed on tumor cells and warrant further investigations of these immunoconjugates and their derivatives for imaging of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inder Sehgal
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Hairong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Benson Ongarora
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Daniel Devillier
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M Graça H Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Gauna GA, Cobice D, Awruch J. Efficient diborane-mediated synthesis of phthalocyanines carrying amino groups near the macrocycle. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Ongarora BG, Hu X, Verberne-Sutton SD, Garno JC, Vicente MGH. Syntheses and Photodynamic Activity of Pegylated Cationic Zn(II)-Phthalocyanines in HEp2 Cells. Theranostics 2012; 2:850-70. [PMID: 23082098 PMCID: PMC3475216 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-cationic Zn(II)-phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) are promising photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers and for photoinactivation of viruses and bacteria. Pegylation of photosensitizers in general enhances their water-solubility and tumor cell accumulation. A series of pegylated di-cationic ZnPcs were synthesized from conjugation of a low molecular weight PEG group to a pre-formed Pc macrocycle, or by mixed condensation involving a pegylated phthalonitrile. All pegylated ZnPcs were highly soluble in polar organic solvents but were insoluble in water; they have intense Q absorptions centered at 680 nm and fluorescence quantum yields of ca. 0.2 in DMF. The non-pegylated di-cationic ZnPc 6a formed large aggregates, which were visualized by atomic force microscopy. The cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of all cationic ZnPcs were investigated in human carcinoma HEp2 cells. The most phototoxic compounds were found to be the α-substituted Pcs. Among these, Pcs 4a and 16a were the most effective (IC50 ca. 10 μM at 1.5 J/cm2), in part due to the presence of a PEG group and the two positive charges in close proximity (separated by an ethylene group) in these macrocycles. The β-substituted ZcPcs 6b and 4b accumulated the most within HEp2 cells but had low photocytoxicity (IC50 > 100 μM at 1.5 J/cm2), possibly as a result of their lower electron density of the ring and more extended conformations compared with the α-substituted Pcs. The results show that the charge distribution about the Pc macrocycle and the intracellular localization of the cationic ZnPcs mainly determine their photodynamic activity.
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Ongarora BG, Fontenot KR, Hu X, Sehgal I, Satyanarayana-Jois SD, Vicente MGH. Phthalocyanine-peptide conjugates for epidermal growth factor receptor targeting. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3725-38. [PMID: 22468711 DOI: 10.1021/jm201544y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four phthalocyanine (Pc)-peptide conjugates designed to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro using four cell lines: human carcinoma A431 and HEp2, human colorectal HT-29, and kidney Vero (negative control) cells. Two peptide ligands for EGFR were investigated: EGFR-L1 and -L2, bearing 6 and 13 amino acid residues, respectively. The peptides and Pc-conjugates were shown to bind to EGFR using both theoretical (Autodock) and experimental (SPR) investigations. The Pc-EGFR-L1 conjugates 5a and 5b efficiently targeted EGFR and were internalized, in part due to their cationic charge, whereas the uncharged Pc-EGFR-L2 conjugates 4b and 6a poorly targeted EGFR maybe due to their low aqueous solubility. All conjugates were nontoxic (IC(50) > 100 μM) to HT-29 cells, both in the dark and upon light activation (1 J/cm(2)). Intravenous (iv) administration of conjugate 5b into nude mice bearing A431 and HT-29 human tumor xenografts resulted in a near-IR fluorescence signal at ca. 700 nm, 24 h after administration. Our studies show that Pc-EGFR-L1 conjugates are promising near-IR fluorescent contrast agents for CRC and potentially other EGFR overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson G Ongarora
- Louisiana State University, Department of Chemistry, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Urbańska K, Stochel G. Improved biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and photodynamic efficacy using a new photostable sulfonamide bacteriochlorin. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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