1
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Cai B, Cui Y, Zhou J, Wang YB, Yang L, Tan B, Wang JJ. Asymmetric Hydrophosphinylation of Alkynes: Facile Access to Axially Chiral Styrene-Phosphines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215820. [PMID: 36424372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A Cu/CPA co-catalytic system has been developed for achieving the direct hydrophosphinylation of alkynes with phosphine oxides in delivering novel axially chiral phosphorus-containing alkenes in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % yield and 99 % ee). DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the reaction pathway and the origin of enantiocontrol. This streamlined and modular methodology establishes a new platform for the design and application of new axially chiral styrene-phosphine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Cai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Bin Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Joelle Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Conti R, Widera A, Müller G, Fekete C, Thöny D, Eiler F, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H. Organocatalyzed Phospha-Michael Addition: A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Customized Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxide Photoinitiators. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202563. [PMID: 36200550 PMCID: PMC10100105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Addition of the P-H bond in bis(mesitoyl)phosphine, HP(COMes)2 (BAPH), to a wide variety of activated carbon-carbon double bonds as acceptors was investigated. While this phospha-Michael addition does not proceed in the absence of an additive or catalyst, excellent results were obtained with stoichiometric basic potassium or caesium salts. Simple amine bases can be employed in catalytic amounts, and tetramethylguanidine (TMG) in particular is an outstanding catalyst that allows the preparation of bis(acyl)phosphines, R-P(COMes)2 , under very mild conditions in excellent yields after only a short time. All phosphines RP(COMes)2 can subsequently be oxidized to the corresponding bis(acyl)phosphane oxides, RPO(COMes)2 , a substance class belonging to the most potent photoinitiators for radical polymerizations known to date. Thus, a simple and highly atom economic method has been found that allows the preparation of a broad range of photoinitiators adapted to their specific field of application even on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Widera
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgina Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Csilla Fekete
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Hungary
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Eiler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Hungary.,ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, 1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Hungary
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Zhao J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Xue Y. Exploring the Effects of Water on the Mechanism of the Catalyst-Free Reaction between Isatin and 3-Methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one from the Mixed Implicit/Explicit Multiple Types of Water Clusters. J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:249-261. [PMID: 34932350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations with implicit/explicit water cluster models were conducted to pursue deeper understandings about the mechanism and the water effects in the reaction of isatin with 3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one. The proposed preferential mechanistic scenario here undergoes three major steps: first, 3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one converts to its enol form and then, the aldol addition reaction takes place between isatin and enol to generate the intermediate INT2, followed finally by the tautomerization of INT2 to become the product 3-pyrazolone. The computed results indicate that the direct aldol reaction without the water auxiliary is feasible in the second step and the remaining tautomerization steps (steps 1, 3, and 4) assisted by tri-, tri-, and six-water cluster models, respectively, are the most favorable cases. It is further noted that more hydrogen bonding interactions in the tri-water auxiliary reaction are essential for the reduction of the free energy barrier ΔG⧧ in the proton transfer largely than those assisted by the other types of water cluster models. The origin of the more stable transition state in the rate-determining step of the tri-water cluster model is ascribed to smaller cyclic strain and more global electron density transfer associated to its structure than the other types of water cluster models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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4
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Wani AA, Chourasiya SS, Kathuria D, Bharatam PV. 1,1-Diaminoazines as organocatalysts in phospha-Michael addition reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11717-11720. [PMID: 34697617 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04657h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1,1-Diaminoazines can act as effective organocatalysts for the formation of phosphorus-carbon bonds between biphenylphosphine oxide and an activated alkene (Michael acceptor). These catalysts provide the P-C adducts at a faster rate and with relatively better yields in comparison to the organocatalysts employed earlier. The notable advantage is that 1,1-diaminoazines catalyse the reaction even in an aqueous medium with very good yields. Organocatalysis using 1,1-diaminoazines was also successfully carried out between dimethylphosphite and benzylidenemalononitrile under multicomponent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabid A Wani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Sumit S Chourasiya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- University Center for Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Šebesta R, Veverková E, Molnosiová P. Asymmetric Sequential Michael Addition and Cyclization Reactions of 2-(2-Nitrovinyl)phenols Catalyzed by Bifunctional Amino-Squaramides. SYNOPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this work, we describe the Michael addition–cyclization reaction of 2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenol with two different reactive Michael donors, which lead to chiral benzopyran derivatives. Specifically, bifunctional amino-squaramides with one or two chiral units in the side chains were evaluated as catalysts in these transformations. Furthermore, the utility of selected green solvents as reaction media for these processes was also tested. The best result was achieved with methyl-cyclopentanone-2-carboxylate as the Michael donor in ethyl (–)-l-lactate with quinine-based amino-squaramide as catalyst (yield 72%, dr >99:1, ee 99%).
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6
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Guanidine-Amide-Catalyzed Aza-Henry Reaction of Isatin-Derived Ketimines: Origin of Selectivity and New Catalyst Design. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071965. [PMID: 33807341 PMCID: PMC8037019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism and the enantioselectivity of the aza-Henry reaction of isatin-derived ketimine catalyzed by chiral guanidine–amide catalysts at the M06-2X-D3/6-311+G(d,p)//M06-2X-D3/6-31G(d,p) (toluene, SMD) theoretical level. The catalytic reaction occurred via a three-step mechanism: (i) the deprotonation of nitromethane by a chiral guanidine–amide catalyst; (ii) formation of C–C bonds; (iii) H-transfer from guanidine to ketimine, accompanied with the regeneration of the catalyst. A dual activation model was proposed, in which the protonated guanidine activated the nitronate, and the amide moiety simultaneously interacted with the ketimine substrate by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The repulsion of CPh3 group in guanidine as well as N-Boc group in ketimine raised the Pauli repulsion energy (∆EPauli) and the strain energy (∆Estrain) of reacting species in the unfavorable si-face pathway, contributing to a high level of stereoselectivity. A new catalyst with cyclopropenimine and 1,2-diphenylethylcarbamoyl as well as sulfonamide substituent was designed. The strong basicity of cyclopropenimine moiety accelerated the activation of CH3NO2 by decreasing the energy barrier in the deprotonation step. The repulsion between the N-Boc group in ketimine and cyclohexyl group as well as chiral backbone in the new catalyst raised the energy barrier in C–C bond formation along the si-face attack pathway, leading to the formation of R-configuration product. A possible synthetic route for the new catalyst is also suggested.
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7
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Kee CW, Wong MW. Bicyclic Guanidine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reaction of Anthrones-Bifunctional Binding Modes and Origin of Stereoselectivity. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15139-15153. [PMID: 33175532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a computational analysis of the [5,5] bicyclic guanidine-catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition reaction of anthrones. Based on extensive conformational search of key intermediates and transition states on the potential energy surface and density functional theory calculations, we studied five plausible binding modes between the guanidine catalyst and substrates for this reaction. Our results indicate that the most favorable pathway is a stepwise conjugate addition-Aldol sequence via the dual hydrogen-bond binding mode. The predicted level of enantioselectivity is in good agreement with experimental values. Trends in variation of substrates and catalysts have also been reproduced by our calculations. Decomposition analysis revealed the significance of aromatic interactions in stabilizing the key enantioselectivity-determining transition state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Wee Kee
- Process & Catalysis Research, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627899.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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8
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Il’in A, Gubaev A, Antonova A, Khannanov A, Galkin V. Phosphine catalyzed addition of long-chain dialkyl phosphites to electron-deficient alkenes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1799015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Il’in
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Arthur Gubaev
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Antonova
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Arthur Khannanov
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Galkin
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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9
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Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Z. A computational study on NHC-Catalyzed [3+4] annulation between isatin-derived enal and aurone-derived azadiene: Insights into mechanism and stereoselectivity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Tian J, Yuan H, Zhang J. Mechanistic details of metal-free cyclization reaction of organophosphorus oxide with alkynes mediated by 2,6-lutidine and Tf 2 O. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1709-1717. [PMID: 32323872 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical investigations have elucidated the mechanism of metal-free electrophilic phosphinative cyclization of alkynes reaction reported by Miura and coworkers. Two competitive mechanisms I and II were explored without or with 2,6-lutidine. Both of I and II involve transformation of P(V) to P(III), electrophilic addition, ring opening and cyclization/cyclization, hydrogen-transfer, and oxidation. The rate-determining step of mechanism I and competitive less-step II is electrophilic [2 + 1] cycloaddition and electrophilic addition via single CP bond formation with activation barrier of 13.5 and 10.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Our calculation results suggested that the cumulative effect of the isomer of 2,6-lutidine and Tf2 O as well as TfO- affects the title reaction to some extent, and simultaneously activates key reaction sites and reverses the polarities of them via the formation of abundant noncovalent interactions to decrease activation barriers of TSs. In addition, the effects of two series substituents on reactivity of phosphine oxide were investigated. Therefore, our study will serve as useful guidance for more efficient metal-free synthesis of organophosphorus compounds mediated by pyridine reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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11
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Ashraf MA, Li C, Norouzi F, Zhang D. New insights into the Lewis acidity of guanidinium species: Lewis acid interaction provides reactivity. CR CHIM 2020. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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An Z, Dai Y, Jiang Y, He J. Asymmetric Knoevenagel‐Phospha‐Michael Tandem Reaction Synergistically Catalyzed by Achiral Silanols and Grafted Chiral Amines on Mesoporous Silica. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yitao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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Jensupakarn N, Gleeson MP, Gleeson D, Boonyarattanakalin K. Theoretical Investigation of the Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of o-Hydroxystyrene and Azlactone. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4025-4032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Napassorn Jensupakarn
- College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - M. Paul Gleeson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Duangkamol Gleeson
- Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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Cao S, Yuan H, Zhang J. A mechanistic investigation into N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed umpolung of ketones and benzonitriles: is the cyano group better than the classical carbonyl group for the addition of NHC? Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cooperative participation of NHC-H2O-activated cyano carbon is more preferred than the classical NHC-activated carbonyl carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- 130024 China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- 130024 China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- 130024 China
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Imberdis A, Lefèvre G, Thuéry P, Cantat T. Metal-Free and Alkali-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Isoureas from Alcohols and Carbodiimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Imberdis
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA; Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA; Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA; Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA; Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
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Imberdis A, Lefèvre G, Thuéry P, Cantat T. Metal-Free and Alkali-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Isoureas from Alcohols and Carbodiimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3084-3088. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Imberdis
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA; Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA; Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA; Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA; Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
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18
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Zhu L, Yuan H, Zhang J. Mechanistic investigation on N → C α → O relay via non-Brook rearrangement: reaction conditions promote synthesis of furo[3,2-c]pyridinones. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9127-9138. [PMID: 29051939 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02081c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive density functional theory investigation was employed to disclose the effect of reaction conditions on the mechanism and effective anion relay sequence of a NaH promoted non-Brook rearrangement of benzaldehyde and 1-cinnamoylcyclopropanecarboxamides. Two main mechanisms were explored under four different reaction conditions: Na+-assisted and nH2O-Na+, 2H2O-DMSO-Na+, and Na+-DMSO co-assisted, and the difference relies on the reaction sequence between the concerted ring-opening and recyclization and electrophilic addition. Being different from previous reports, a cooperative participation of water, solvent DMSO and counterion Na+ is revealed in the preferential mechanism. The preferred scenario undergoes five major steps: deprotonation, aza-Michael addition, electrophilic addition, NaOH elimination and a concerted ring-opening and recyclization step. The rate-determining step is the concerted ring-opening and recyclization process with an energy barrier of 30.2 kcal mol-1. We found that the effective anion relay of a non-Brook rearrangement order is N → Cα → O rather than the previously proposed aza-oxy-carbanion. Meanwhile, a mixed type of ARC chemistry through a novel non-Brook rearrangement was disclosed. Moreover, the non-covalent interactions between substrate and reactant extensively affect the anion relay process by hydrogen-bonding (O-HO and C-HO) and electrostatic (Na+O) interactions. Thus, our results provide insightful clues to the mechanism of the reaction condition catalyzed non-Brook rearrangement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Kee CW, Peh KQE, Wong MW. Coupling Reactions of Alkynyl Indoles and CO 2 by Bicyclic Guanidine: Origin of Catalytic Activity? Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1780-1789. [PMID: 28582609 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the three possible modes of activation for the coupling of CO2 with alkynyl indoles in the presence of a guanidine base. The first of these mechanisms, involving electrophilic activation, was originally proposed by Skrydstrup et al. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 6682). The second mechanism involves the nucleophilic activation of CO2 . Both of these electrophilic and nucleophilic activation processes involve the formation of a guanidine-CO2 zwitterion adduct. We have proposed a third mechanism involving the bifunctional activation of the bicyclic guanidine catalyst, allowing for the simultaneous activation of the indole and CO2 by the catalyst. We demonstrated that a second molecule of catalyst is required to facilitate the final cyclization step. Based on the calculated turnover frequencies, our newly proposed bifunctional activation mechanism is the most plausible pathway for this reaction under these experimental conditions. Furthermore, we have shown that this bifunctional mode of activation is consistent with the experimental results. Thus, this guanidine-catalyzed reaction favors a specific-base catalyzed mechanism rather than the CO2 activation mechanism. We therefore believe that this bifunctional mechanism for the activation of bicyclic guanidine is typical of most CO2 coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Wee Kee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Kai Qi Elizabeth Peh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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20
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Yuan H, Zhang J. Mechanistic insights on DBU catalyzedβ-amination of nbs to chalcone driving by water: Multiple roles of water. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:438-445. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
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21
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Turočkin A, Raven W, Selig P. Synthesis of Bicyclic and Tricyclic Chiral Guanidinium Salts by an Intramolecular Alkylation Approach. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksej Turočkin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - William Raven
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Philipp Selig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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22
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Janesko BG, Wiberg KB, Scalmani G, Frisch MJ. Electron Delocalization Range in Atoms and on Molecular Surfaces. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:3185-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanni Scalmani
- Gaussian, Inc., 340
Quinnipiac St., Bldg. 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Michael J. Frisch
- Gaussian, Inc., 340
Quinnipiac St., Bldg. 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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23
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Yuan H, Zheng Y, Zhang J. Understanding the Mechanism of the Lewis Acid Promoted [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Propargylic Alcohol and α-Oxo Ketene Dithioacetals. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1989-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yuan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China
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24
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Kee CW, Wong MW. Pentanidium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Conjugate Addition: Prediction of Stereoselectivity via DFT Calculations and Docking Sampling of Transition States, and Origin of Stereoselectivity. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) study, at the M06–2X/6–311+G(d,p)//M06–2X/6–31G(d,p) level, was carried out to examine the catalytic mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity of pentanidium-catalyzed asymmetric phase-transfer conjugate addition. We employed a hybrid approach by combining automated conformation generation through molecular docking followed by subsequent DFT calculation to locate various possible transition states for the enantioselective conjugate addition. The calculated enantioselectivity (enantiomeric excess), based on the key diastereomeric C–C bond-forming transition states, is in good accord with experimental result. Non-covalent interaction analysis of the key transition states reveals extensive non-covalent interactions, including aromatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and non-classical C–H⋯O interactions between the pentanidium catalyst and substrates. The origin of stereoselectivity was analysed using a strain-interaction model.
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25
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Janesko BG, Fisher HC, Bridle MJ, Montchamp JL. P(═O)H to P–OH Tautomerism: A Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10025-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Janesko
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Henry C. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Mark J. Bridle
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Montchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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26
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Cho B, Wong MW. Unconventional Bifunctional Lewis-Brønsted Acid Activation Mode in Bicyclic Guanidine-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition Reactions. Molecules 2015; 20:15108-21. [PMID: 26295222 PMCID: PMC6331857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200815108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DFT calculations have demonstrated that the unconventional bifunctional Brønsted-Lewis acid activation mode is generally applicable to a range of nucleophilic conjugate additions catalyzed by bicyclic guanidine catalysts. It competes readily with the conventional bifunctional Brønsted acid mode of activation. The optimal pro-nucleophiles for this unconventional bifunctional activation are acidic substrates with low pKa, while the best electrophiles are flexible 1,4-diamide and 1,4-diester conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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27
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Xue H, Jiang D, Jiang H, Kee CW, Hirao H, Nishimura T, Wong MW, Tan CH. Mechanistic Insights into Bicyclic Guanidine-Catalyzed Reactions from Microscopic and Macroscopic Perspectives. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5745-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansong Xue
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Danfeng Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Choon Wee Kee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Takahiro Nishimura
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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28
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Katari M, Rajaraman G, Ghosh P. An insight into a base-free Michael addition reaction as catalyzed by a bifunctional nickel N-heterocyclic carbene complex using density functional theory studies. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Quintard A, Cheshmedzhieva D, Sanchez Duque MDM, Gaudel-Siri A, Naubron JV, Génisson Y, Plaquevent JC, Bugaut X, Rodriguez J, Constantieux T. Origin of the enantioselectivity in organocatalytic Michael additions of β-ketoamides to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls: a combined experimental, spectroscopic and theoretical study. Chemistry 2014; 21:778-90. [PMID: 25382666 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of secondary β-ketoamides to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is reported. Use of bifunctional Takemoto's thiourea catalyst allows enantiocontrol of the reaction leading either to simple Michael adducts or spirocyclic aminals in up to 99 % ee. The origin of the enantioselectivity has been rationalised based on combined DFT calculations and kinetic analysis. This study provides a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism, which involves a predominant role of the secondary amide proton, and clarifies the complex interactions occurring between substrates and the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille (France). Fax: (+33) 491-289-187
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30
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Wong MW, Ng AME. Asymmetric Michael Addition Using Bifunctional Bicyclic Guanidine Organocatalyst: A Theoretical Perspective. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To illustrate the general principle of asymmetric organocatalysis of chiral bicyclic guanidine, a density functional theory study was carried out to examine the catalytic mechanism, activation mode, origin of stereoselectivity of a [5,5]-bicyclic guanidine-catalyzed Michael addition of dimethyl malonate to 2-cyclopenten-1-one. Two types of bifunctional activation modes were examined: Brønsted acid and Brønsted-Lewis acid. The calculated enantioselectivity (ee), based on eight C–C bond forming transition states and their pre-transition state complexes, is in excellent accord with experimental result. The ternary pre-transition state complexes are stable species, which strongly influence the stereoselectivity. Similar to enzyme catalysis, the bicyclic guanidinium catalyst plays an essential recognition role in assembling the substrates together via hydrogen bonds, multiple C–H···O interactions (as oxyanion hole), donor–acceptor, and electrostatic interactions.
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31
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Du D, Lin ZQ, Lu JZ, Li C, Duan WL. Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Diarylphosphines to α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Esters. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Yang H, Wong MW. Oxyanion Hole Stabilization by C–H···O Interaction in a Transition State—A Three-Point Interaction Model for Cinchona Alkaloid-Catalyzed Asymmetric Methanolysis of meso-Cyclic Anhydrides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5808-18. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4005893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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33
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Li W, Huang D, Lv Y. Theoretical study on the mechanism and stereochemistry of the cinchona–thiourea organocatalytic hydrophosphonylation of an α-ketoester. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7497-506. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41397g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Wang C, Goh CMT, Xiao S, Ye W, Tan CH. Enantioselective Protonation Catalyzed by Chiral Br^|^oslash;nsted Bases. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Feng JJ, Huang M, Lin ZQ, Duan WL. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Diarylphosphines to Nitroalkenes for the Synthesis of Chiral P,N-Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Simón L, Goodman JM. Mechanism of Amination of β-Keto Esters by Azadicarboxylates Catalyzed by an Axially Chiral Guanidine: Acyclic Keto Esters React through an E Enolate. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16869-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307712y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Simón
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Plaza de los
Caídos 1-5, Salamanca E37004, Spain
| | - Jonathan M. Goodman
- Unilever Centre for Molecular
Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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37
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Cho B, Tan CH, Wong MW. Origin of Asymmetric Induction in Bicyclic Guanidine-Catalyzed Thio-Michael Reaction: A Bifunctional Mode of Lewis Acid-Brønsted Acid Activation. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6553-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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38
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Wang J, Chen J, Kee CW, Tan CH. Enantiodivergent and γ-Selective Asymmetric Allylic Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Wang J, Chen J, Kee CW, Tan CH. Enantiodivergent and γ-Selective Asymmetric Allylic Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2382-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Yang H, Wong MW. (S)-Proline-catalyzed nitro-Michael reactions: towards a better understanding of the catalytic mechanism and enantioselectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3229-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06993h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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41
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Zhao Y, Lim X, Pan Y, Zong L, Feng W, Tan CH, Huang KW. Asymmetric H–D exchange reactions of fluorinated aromatic ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5479-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31443f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Fu X, Tan CH. Mechanistic considerations of guanidine-catalyzed reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8210-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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