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Liaqat W, Altaf MT, Barutçular C, Nawaz H, Ullah I, Basit A, Mohamed HI. Ultraviolet-B radiation in relation to agriculture in the context of climate change: a review. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37361481 PMCID: PMC10099031 DOI: 10.1007/s42976-023-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the amount of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) reaching the earth's surface has been altered due to climate change and stratospheric ozone dynamics. This narrow but highly biologically active spectrum of light (280-320 nm) can affect plant growth and development. Depletion of ozone and climate change are interlinked in a very complicated manner, i.e., significantly contributing to each other. The interaction of climate change, ozone depletion, and changes in UV-B radiation negatively affects the growth, development, and yield of plants. Furthermore, this interaction will become more complex in the coming years. The ozone layer reduction is paving a path for UV-B radiation to impact the surface of the earth and interfere with the plant's normal life by negatively affecting the plant's morphology and physiology. The nature and degree of the future response of the agricultural ecosystem to the decreasing or increasing UV-B radiation in the background of climate change and ozone dynamics are still unclear. In this regard, this review aims to elucidate the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation reaching the earth's surface due to the depletion of the ozone layer on plants' physiology and the performance of major cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Liaqat
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Tanveer Altaf
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Sivas University of Science and Technology, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Celaleddin Barutçular
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Hira Nawaz
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Izhar Ullah
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341 Egypt
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Abdulaal MJ, Mehedi IM, Aljohani AJ, Milyani AH, Mahmoud M, Abusorrah AM, Jannat R. Separation of Different Blogs from Skin Disease Data using Artificial Intelligence. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:7538643. [PMID: 36052051 PMCID: PMC9427218 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7538643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A combination of environmental conditions may cause skin illness everywhere on the earth, and it is one of the most dangerous diseases that can develop as a result. A major goal in the selection of characteristics is to produce predictions about skin disease instances in connection with influencing variables, which is one of the most important tasks. As a consequence of the widespread usage of sensors, the amount of data collected in the health industry is disproportionately large when compared to data collected in other sectors. In the past, researchers have used a variety of machine learning algorithms to determine the relationship between illnesses and other disorders. Forecasting is a procedure that involves many steps, the most important of which are the preprocessing of any scenario and the selection of forecasting features. A major disadvantage of doing business in the health industry is a lack of data availability, which is particularly problematic when data is provided in an unstructured format. Filling in missing numbers and converting between various types of data take somewhat more than 70% of the total time. When dealing with missing data in machine learning applications, the mean, average, and median, as well as the stand mechanism, may all be employed to solve the problem. Previous research has shown that the characteristics chosen for a model's overall performance may have an influence on the overall performance of the model's overall performance. One of the primary goals of this study is to develop an intelligent algorithm for identifying relevant traits in models while simultaneously eliminating nonsignificant attributes that have an impact on model performance. To present a full view of the data, artificial intelligence techniques such as SVM, decision tree, and logistic regression models were used in conjunction with three separate feature combination methodologies, each of which was developed independently. As a consequence of this, their accuracy, F-measure, and precision are all raised by a factor of ten, respectively. We then have a list of the most important features, together with the weights that have been allocated to each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed J. Abdulaal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Mehedi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulah Jeza Aljohani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Intelligent Engineering Systems (CEIES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Milyani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Electrical and Engineering Department, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Abdullah M. Abusorrah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahtul Jannat
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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3
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A novel method for prediction of skin disease through supervised classification techniques. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-07435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Integrated mRNA and miRNA Transcriptome Analysis Suggests a Regulatory Network for UV-B-Controlled Terpenoid Synthesis in Fragrant Woodfern ( Dryopteris fragrans). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105708. [PMID: 35628519 PMCID: PMC9148142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragrant woodfern (Dryopteris fragrans) is a medicinal plant rich in terpenoids. Ultraviolet-B (UV–B) light could increase concentration of terpenoids. The aim of this study was to analyze how UV–B regulates the terpenoid synthesis of the molecular regulatory mechanism in fragrant woodfern. In this study, compared with the control group, the content of the terpenes was significantly higher in fragrant woodfern leaves under UV–B treatment for 4 days (d). In order to identify how UV–B regulates the terpenoid metabolic mechanism in fragrant woodfern, we examined the mRNAs and small RNAs in fragrant woodfern leaves under UV–B treatment. mRNA and miRNA–seq identified 4533 DEGs and 17 DEMs in the control group compared with fragrant woodfern leaves under UV–B treatment for 4 d. mRNA–miRNA analysis identified miRNA target gene pairs consisting of 8 DEMs and 115 miRNAs. The target genes were subjected to GO and KEGG analyses. The results showed that the target genes were mainly enriched in diterpene biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, MEP pathway and MVA pathway, in which miR156 and miR160 regulate these pathways by targeting DfSPL and DfARF, respectively. The mRNA and miRNA datasets identified a subset of candidate genes. It provides the theoretical basis that UV–B regulates the terpenoid synthesis of the molecular regulatory mechanism in fragrant woodfern.
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Zeng S, Shan S, Lu A, Wang S, Caracciolo DT, Robinson RJ, Shang G, Xue L, Zhao Y, Zhang A, Liu Y, Liu S, Liu Z, Bai F, Wu J, Wang H, Zhong CJ. Copper-alloy catalysts: structural characterization and catalytic synergies. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00179e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of copper-alloy catalysts is highlighted, focusing on the structural and mechanistic characterizations of the catalysts in different catalytic reactions, and challenges and opportunities in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghong Zeng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Shiyao Shan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Aolin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Dominic T. Caracciolo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Richard J. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Guojun Shang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Lei Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Yuansong Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Aiai Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Shangpeng Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Ze Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Wu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010051, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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6
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Vitt S, Mehlis-Rick M, Bakker TCM, Rick IP. Enhanced ambient UVB radiation affects post-mating, but not pre-mating sexual traits in a fish. Oecologia 2019; 190:355-366. [PMID: 31134331 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organisms inhabiting shallow aquatic habitats currently experience increasing levels of solar ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). UVB causes damage on cellular and molecular levels and can affect associated life-history traits either through direct exposure or indirectly through oxidative stress generation. We examined UVB effects on pre- and post-mating sexual traits in three-spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Adult, reproductively non-active males were assigned to two exposure treatments under semi-natural conditions in an outdoor experiment; one group received natural radiation (UVBnormal) whilst the other group received additional UVB (UVBenhanced). After two months, colour metrics were used to quantify male breeding colouration as pre-mating trait. At the post-mating stage, sperm morphology, number and movement as well as testes mass were determined. Males did not significantly differ in sexual ornamentation between treatments, but UVBenhanced fish had smaller testes as well as fewer and shorter sperm than UVBnormal fish. Sperm movement was not significantly different between treatments. However, in UVBenhanced males, linear and progressive movement of sperm was positively correlated with sperm morphology (head-to-tail length ratio), whereas in UVBnormal males this relationship was negative (but not significant). Additionally, there was a significant treatment by body condition interaction concerning head-to-tail length ratio, i.e. head-to-tail length ratio increased with condition in UVBnormal males whereas there was no relationship in UVBenhanced fish. Our findings reveal that increased UVB levels influence post-mating fitness-relevant traits in males whilst having no significant impact on pre-mating sexual traits, suggesting selective UVB-effects at the gamete level with consequences for reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitt
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marion Mehlis-Rick
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theo C M Bakker
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingolf P Rick
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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Bonaventura R, Matranga V. Overview of the molecular defense systems used by sea urchin embryos to cope with UV radiation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 128:25-35. [PMID: 27252015 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The sea urchin embryo is a well-recognized developmental biology model and its use in toxicological studies has been widely appreciated. Many studies have focused on the evaluation of the effects of chemical stressors and their mixture in marine ecosystems using sea urchin embryos. These are well equipped with defense genes used to cope with chemical stressors. Recently, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), particularly UVB (280-315 nm), received more attention as a physical stressor. Mainly in the Polar Regions, but also at temperate latitudes, the penetration of UVB into the oceans increases as a consequence of the reduction of the Earth's ozone layer. In general, UVR induces oxidative stress in marine organisms affecting molecular targets such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. Depending on the UVR dose, developing sea urchin embryos show morphological perturbations affecting mainly the skeleton formation and patterning. Nevertheless, embryos are able to protect themselves against excessive UVR, using mechanisms acting at different levels: transcriptional, translational and post-translational. In this review, we recommend the sea urchin embryo as a suitable model for testing physical stressors such as UVR and summarize the mechanisms adopted to deal with UVR. Moreover, we review UV-induced apoptotic events and the combined effects of UVR and other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bonaventura
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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8
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Suchar VA, Robberecht R. Integration and scaling of UV-B radiation effects on plants: from molecular interactions to whole plant responses. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4866-84. [PMID: 27547319 PMCID: PMC4979713 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A process based model integrating the effects of UV-B radiation to molecular level processes and their consequences to whole plant growth and development was developed from key parameters in the published literature. Model simulations showed that UV-B radiation induced changes in plant metabolic and/or photosynthesis rates can result in plant growth inhibitions. The costs of effective epidermal UV-B radiation absorptive compounds did not result in any significant changes in plant growth, but any associated metabolic costs effectively reduced the potential plant biomass. The model showed significant interactions between UV-B radiation effects and temperature and any factor leading to inhibition of photosynthetic production or plant growth during the midday, but the effects were not cumulative for all factors. Vegetative growth were significantly delayed in species that do not exhibit reproductive cycles during a growing season, but vegetative growth and reproductive yield in species completing their life cycle in one growing season did not appear to be delayed more than 2-5 days, probably within the natural variability of the life cycles for many species. This is the first model to integrate the effects of increased UV-B radiation through molecular level processes and their consequences to whole plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Alexandru Suchar
- Department of Statistical ScienceCollege of ScienceUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS1104MoscowIdaho83844‐1104
| | - Ronald Robberecht
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire SciencesCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS1133MoscowIdaho83844‐1133
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9
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Painting CJ, Rajamohan G, Chen Z, Zeng H, Li D. It takes two peaks to tango: the importance of UVB and UVA in sexual signalling in jumping spiders. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Randriamanana TR, Lavola A, Julkunen-Tiitto R. Interactive effects of supplemental UV-B and temperature in European aspen seedlings: Implications for growth, leaf traits, phenolic defense and associated organisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 93:84-93. [PMID: 25766888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Past studies reveal opposite effects of elevated UV-B and temperature on plant growth and concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds, yet few studies have dealt with the combined and interactive effects of these two climate change factors on woody dioecious plants. We investigated the interactive effects of UV-B and temperature treatments on growth, leaf traits and phenolic concentrations in Populus tremula L. (European aspen) seedlings. We also considered the consequences of these effects on their associated organisms: herbivorous insects, rust pathogens, the presence of endophytic fungi and whether or not the responses differ between genders and genotypes. Supplemental temperature and UV-B were modulated to +2 °C and +30.77% above ambient conditions, respectively. Warming increased growth, photosynthesis and foliar nitrogen concentration but reduced leaf thickness and phenolic concentrations. On the other hand, supplemental UV-B increased total phenolic glycosides, mainly flavonols and phenolic acids, and partially counteracted the positive effects of warming on growth. Fast growing genotypes were less susceptible to the growth-reducing effect of combined UVB + T, less infected with rust disease and less prone to insect damage probably due to their higher salicylate and lower nitrogen concentrations. Under ambient temperature, the males of European aspen were taller and had bigger leaves than the females, while under elevated temperature, females grew bigger and, under UV-B, had more tremulacin than males. The multiple interactive effects of UV-B and temperature on growth, leaf traits and phenolic compounds, highlight the importance of multifactor experiments as a realistic predictor of plant responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendry R Randriamanana
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Anu Lavola
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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11
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Suchar VA, Robberecht R. Integration and scaling of UV-B radiation effects on plants: from DNA to leaf. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2544-55. [PMID: 26257869 PMCID: PMC4523352 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A process-based model integrating the effects of UV-B radiation through epidermis, cellular DNA, and its consequences to the leaf expansion was developed from key parameters in the published literature. Enhanced UV-B radiation-induced DNA damage significantly delayed cell division, resulting in significant reductions in leaf growth and development. Ambient UV-B radiation-induced DNA damage significantly reduced the leaf growth of species with high relative epidermal absorbance at longer wavelengths and average/low pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers (CPD) photorepair rates. Leaf expansion was highly dependent on the number of CPD present in the DNA, as a result of UV-B radiation dose, quantitative and qualitative absorptive properties of epidermal pigments, and repair mechanisms. Formation of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP) has no effect on the leaf expansion. Repair mechanisms could not solely prevent the UV-B radiation interference with the cell division. Avoidance or effective shielding by increased or modified qualitative epidermal absorptance was required. Sustained increased UV-B radiation levels are more detrimental than short, high doses of UV-B radiation. The combination of low temperature and increased UV-B radiation was more significant in the level of UV-B radiation-induced damage than UV-B radiation alone. Slow-growing leaves were more affected by increased UV-B radiation than fast-growing leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Alexandru Suchar
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS1133, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-1133
| | - Ronald Robberecht
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS1133, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-1133
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Martínez-Lüscher J, Morales F, Sánchez-Díaz M, Delrot S, Aguirreolea J, Gomès E, Pascual I. Climate change conditions (elevated CO2 and temperature) and UV-B radiation affect grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo) leaf carbon assimilation, altering fruit ripening rates. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:168-76. [PMID: 26025530 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increase in grape berry ripening rates associated to climate change is a growing concern for wine makers as it rises the alcohol content of the wine. The present work studied the combined effects of elevated CO2, temperature and UV-B radiation on leaf physiology and berry ripening rates. Three doses of UV-B: 0, 5.98, 9.66 kJm(-2)d(-1), and two CO2-temperature regimes: ambient CO2-24/14 °C (day/night) (current situation) and 700 ppm CO2-28/18 °C (climate change) were imposed to grapevine fruit-bearing cuttings from fruit set to maturity under greenhouse-controlled conditions. Photosynthetic performance was always higher under climate change conditions. High levels of UV-B radiation down regulated carbon fixation rates. A transient recovery took place at veraison, through the accumulation of flavonols and the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities. Interacting effects between UV-B and CO2-temperature regimes were observed for the lipid peroxidation, which suggests that UV-B may contribute to palliate the signs of oxidative damage induced under elevated CO2-temperature. Photosynthetic and ripening rates were correlated. Thereby, the hastening effect of climate change conditions on ripening, associated to higher rates of carbon fixation, was attenuated by UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martínez-Lüscher
- Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - F Morales
- Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), CSIC, Dpto. Nutrición Vegetal, Apdo. 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Díaz
- Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Delrot
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - J Aguirreolea
- Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Gomès
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - I Pascual
- Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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13
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Losantos R, Churio MS, Sampedro D. Computational exploration of the photoprotective potential of gadusol. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:155-60. [PMID: 25969813 PMCID: PMC4420587 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadusol shows one of the simplest structures among a series of natural UV-absorbing compounds that have been related to the photoprotective and antioxidant functions in aquatic organisms. CASPT2//CASSCF methodology was used to carry out a theoretical study on this basic structure in order to describe the underlying features responsible for the photoprotective capacity of the molecule. The influence of the enol-enolate equilibrium on the photophysical properties was explored. The results confirm that both forms undergo a rapid deactivation, which very efficiently dissipates light energy as heat. This work highlights the potential of molecular-level studies to provide an understanding of natural photoprotective mechanisms and gives support to the future design of structurally related new synthetic sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Losantos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQMadre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - M Sandra Churio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICETDean Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQMadre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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14
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Huang G, Wang L, Sun Z, Li X, Zhou Q, Huang X. Combined effects of Lanthanum(III) and elevated Ultraviolet-B radiation on root nitrogen nutrient in soybean seedlings. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 163:224-34. [PMID: 25398543 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rare earth element pollution and elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation occur simultaneously in some regions, but the combined effects of these two factors on plants have not attracted enough attention. Nitrogen nutrient is vital to plant growth. In this study, the combined effects of lanthanum(III) and elevated UV-B radiation on nitrate reduction and ammonia assimilation in soybean (Glycine max L.) roots were investigated. Treatment with 0.08 mmol L(-1) La(III) did not change the effects of elevated UV-B radiation on nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), nitrate, ammonium, amino acids, or soluble protein in the roots. Treatment with 0.24 mmol L(-1) La(III) and elevated UV-B radiation synergistically decreased the NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activities as well as the nitrate, amino acid, and soluble protein levels, except for the GDH activity and ammonium content. Combined treatment with 1.20 mmol L(-1) La(III) and elevated UV-B radiation produced severely deleterious effects on all test indices, and these effects were stronger than those induced by La(III) or elevated UV-B radiation treatment alone. Following the withdrawal of La(III) and elevated UV-B radiation, all test indices for the combined treatments with 0.08/0.24 mmol L(-1) La(III) and elevated UV-B radiation recovered to a certain extent, but they could not recover for treatments with 1.20 mmol L(-1) La(III) and elevated UV-B radiation. In summary, combined treatment with La(III) and elevated UV-B radiation seriously affected nitrogen nutrition in soybean roots through the inhibition of nitrate reduction and ammonia assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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15
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Robinson SA, Erickson DJ. Not just about sunburn--the ozone hole's profound effect on climate has significant implications for Southern Hemisphere ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:515-527. [PMID: 25402975 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate scientists have concluded that stratospheric ozone depletion has been a major driver of Southern Hemisphere climate processes since about 1980. The implications of these observed and modelled changes in climate are likely to be far more pervasive for both terrestrial and marine ecosystems than the increase in ultraviolet-B radiation due to ozone depletion; however, they have been largely overlooked in the biological literature. Here, we synthesize the current understanding of how ozone depletion has impacted Southern Hemisphere climate and highlight the relatively few documented impacts on terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Reviewing the climate literature, we present examples of how ozone depletion changes atmospheric and oceanic circulation, with an emphasis on how these alterations in the physical climate system affect Southern Hemisphere weather, especially over the summer season (December-February). These potentially include increased incidence of extreme events, resulting in costly floods, drought, wildfires and serious environmental damage. The ecosystem impacts documented so far include changes to growth rates of South American and New Zealand trees, decreased growth of Antarctic mosses and changing biodiversity in Antarctic lakes. The objective of this synthesis was to stimulate the ecological community to look beyond ultraviolet-B radiation when considering the impacts of ozone depletion. Such widespread changes in Southern Hemisphere climate are likely to have had as much or more impact on natural ecosystems and food production over the past few decades, than the increased ultraviolet radiation due to ozone depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Robinson
- Institute for Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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16
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Swaminathan A, Lucas RM, Harley D, McMichael AJ. Will Global Climate Change Alter Fundamental Human Immune Reactivity: Implications for Child Health? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 1:403-23. [PMID: 27417487 PMCID: PMC4928742 DOI: 10.3390/children1030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human immune system is an interface across which many climate change sensitive exposures can affect health outcomes. Gaining an understanding of the range of potential effects that climate change could have on immune function will be of considerable importance, particularly for child health, but has, as yet, received minimal research attention. We postulate several mechanisms whereby climate change sensitive exposures and conditions will subtly impair aspects of the human immune response, thereby altering the distribution of vulnerability within populations-particularly for children-to infection and disease. Key climate change-sensitive pathways include under-nutrition, psychological stress and exposure to ambient ultraviolet radiation, with effects on susceptibility to infection, allergy and autoimmune diseases. Other climate change sensitive exposures may also be important and interact, either additively or synergistically, to alter health risks. Conducting directed research in this area is imperative as the potential public health implications of climate change-induced weakening of the immune system at both individual and population levels are profound. This is particularly relevant for the already vulnerable children of the developing world, who will bear a disproportionate burden of future adverse environmental and geopolitical consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Swaminathan
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Corner of Mills and Eggleston Roads, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; E-Mails: ;
- Departments of General Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Canberra Hospital, Yamba Drive, Garran, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2605, Australia
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Robyn M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Corner of Mills and Eggleston Roads, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; E-Mails: ;
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - David Harley
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Corner of Mills and Eggleston Roads, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; E-Mails: ;
| | - Anthony J. McMichael
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Corner of Mills and Eggleston Roads, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; E-Mails: ;
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17
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UV–vis light transmittance through tinted contact lenses and the effect of color on values. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2014; 37:136-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Martínez-Lüscher J, Torres N, Hilbert G, Richard T, Sánchez-Díaz M, Delrot S, Aguirreolea J, Pascual I, Gomès E. Ultraviolet-B radiation modifies the quantitative and qualitative profile of flavonoids and amino acids in grape berries. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 102:106-14. [PMID: 24713570 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine cv. Tempranillo fruit-bearing cuttings were exposed to supplemental ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation under controlled conditions, in order to study its effect on grape traits, ripening, amino acids and flavonoid profile. The plants were exposed to two doses of UV-B biologically effective (5.98 and 9.66kJm(-2)d(-1)), applied either from fruit set to ripeness or from the onset of veraison to ripeness. A 0kJm(-2)d(-1) treatment was included as a control. UV-B did not significantly modify grape berry size, but increased the relative mass of berry skin. Time to reach ripeness was not affected by UV-B, which may explain the lack of changes in technological maturity. The concentration of must extractable anthocyanins, colour density and skin flavonols were enhanced by UV-B, especially in plants exposed from fruit set. The quantitative and qualitative profile of grape skin flavonols were modified by UV-B radiation. Monosubstituted flavonols relative abundance increased proportionally to the accumulated UV-B doses. Furthermore, trisubstituted forms, which where predominant in non-exposed berries, were less abundant as UV-B exposure increased. Although total free amino acid content remained unaffected by the treatments, the increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as well as the decrease in threonine, isoleucine, methionine, serine and glycine, revealed a potential influence of UV-B on the GABA-mediated signalling and amino acid metabolism. UV-B had an overall positive impact on grape berry composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martínez-Lüscher
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - N Torres
- Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - G Hilbert
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - T Richard
- GESVAB (EA 3675), ISVV, University of Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - M Sánchez-Díaz
- Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Delrot
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - J Aguirreolea
- Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Pascual
- Universidad de Navarra, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Gomès
- INRA, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France; University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, UMR1287 EGFV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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19
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Czégény G, Wu M, Dér A, Eriksson LA, Strid Å, Hideg É. Hydrogen peroxide contributes to the ultraviolet-B (280-315 nm) induced oxidative stress of plant leaves through multiple pathways. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2255-61. [PMID: 24846142 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solar UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation is a developmental signal in plants but may also cause oxidative stress when combined with other environmental factors. Using computer modeling and in solution experiments we show that UV-B is capable of photosensitizing hydroxyl radical production from hydrogen peroxide. We present evidence that the oxidative effect of UV-B in leaves is at least twofold: (i) it increases cellular hydrogen peroxide concentrations, to a larger extent in pyridoxine antioxidant mutant pdx1.3-1 Arabidopsis and; (ii) is capable of a partial photo-conversion of both 'natural' and 'extra' hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radicals. As stress conditions other than UV can increase cellular hydrogen peroxide levels, synergistic deleterious effects of various stresses may be expected already under ambient solar UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Czégény
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - András Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Åke Strid
- Örebro Life Science Centre, School of Science & Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Éva Hideg
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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20
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Kumasaka R, Kikuchi A, Yagi M. Photoexcited states of UV absorbers, benzophenone derivatives. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:727-33. [PMID: 24571426 DOI: 10.1111/php.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The UV absorption, phosphorescence and phosphorescence-excitation spectra of benzophenone (BP) derivatives used as organic UV absorbers have been observed in rigid solutions at 77 K. The triplet-triplet absorption spectra have been observed in acetonitrile at room temperature. The BP derivatives studied are 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BP-2), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone (BP-6), 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone (BP-7) and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (BP-12). The energy levels and lifetimes of the lowest excited triplet (T1 ) states of these BP derivatives were determined from the first peak of phosphorescence. The time-resolved near-IR emission spectrum of singlet oxygen generated by photosensitization with BP-7 was observed in acetonitrile at room temperature. BP-2, BP-3, BP-6 and BP-12 show photoinduced phosphorescence enhancement in ethanol at 77 K. The possible mechanism of the observed phosphorescence enhancement is discussed. The T1 states of 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzophenone, 4-methoxybenzophenone and 2,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone have been studied for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kumasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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21
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Meador JA, Baldwin AJ, Pakulski JD, Jeffrey WH, Mitchell DL, Douki T. The significance of the Dewar valence photoisomer as a UV radiation-induced DNA photoproduct in marine microbial communities. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16:1808-20. [PMID: 24517516 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Induction of pyrimidine dimers in DNA by solar UV radiation has drastic effects on microorganisms. To better define the nature of these DNA photoproducts in marine bacterioplankton and eukaryotes, a study was performed during a cruise along a latitudinal transect in the Pacific Ocean. The frequency of all possible cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (64PPs) and their related Dewar valence isomers (DEWs) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Studied samples were bacterioplankton and eukaryotic fractions isolated from sea water either collected before sunrise or exposed to ambient sunlight from sunrise to sunset. Isolated DNA dosimeters were also exposed to daily sunlight for comparison purposes. A first major result was the observation in all samples of large amounts of DEWs, a class of photoproducts rarely considered outside photochemical studies. Evidence was obtained for a major role of UVA in the formation of these photoisomerization products of 64PPs. Considerations on the ratio between the different classes of photoproducts in basal and induced DNA damage suggests that photoenzymatic repair (PER) is an important DNA repair mechanism used by marine microorganisms occupying surface seawater in the open ocean. This result emphasizes the biological role of DEWs which are very poor substrate for PER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarah A Meador
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Huang GR, Wang LH, Zhou Q. Combined effects of lanthanum(III) and elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on root growth and ion absorption in soybean seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3621-33. [PMID: 24271737 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth element accumulation in the soil and elevated ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation (280-315 nm) are important environmental issues worldwide. To date, there have been no reports concerning the combined effects of lanthanum (La)(III) and elevated UV-B radiation on plant roots in regions where the two issues occur simultaneously. Here, the combined effects of La(III) and elevated UV-B radiation on the growth, biomass, ion absorption, activities, and membrane permeability of roots in soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings were investigated. A 0.08 mmol L(-1) La(III) treatment improved the root growth and biomass of soybean seedlings, while ion absorption, activities, and membrane permeability were obviously unchanged; a combined treatment with 0.08 mmol L(-1) La(III) and elevated UV-B radiation (2.63/6.17 kJ m(-2) day(-1)) exerted deleterious effects on the investigated indices. The deleterious effects were aggravated in the other combined treatments and were stronger than those of treatments with La(III) or elevated UV-B radiation alone. The combined treatment with 0.24/1.20 mmol L(-1) La(III) and elevated UV-B radiation exerted synergistically deleterious effects on the growth, biomass, ion absorption, activities, and membrane permeability of roots in soybean seedlings. In addition, the deleterious effects of the combined treatment on the root growth were due to the inhibition of ion absorption induced by the changes in the root activity and membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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23
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Robinson SA, Waterman MJ. Sunsafe Bryophytes: Photoprotection from Excess and Damaging Solar Radiation. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Changes in Ultraviolet Transmittance of Hydrogel and Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses Induced by Wear. Eye Contact Lens 2014; 40:28-36. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Leite JCDA, de Vasconcelos RB, da Silva SG, de Siqueira-Junior JP, Marques-Santos LF. ATP-binding cassette transporters protect sea urchin gametes and embryonic cells against the harmful effects of ultraviolet light. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 81:66-83. [PMID: 24254332 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryos of marine organisms whose development occurs externally are particularly sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light (bands A and B, respectively, UVA and UVB). ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are the first line of cellular defense against chemical or physical stress. The present work investigated the involvement of ABC transporters on UVA or UVB effects on eggs, spermatozoa, and embryonic cells of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter. Gametes or embryos were exposed to UVA (3.6-14.4 kJ m(-2)) or UVB (0.112-14.4 kJ m(-2)), and embryonic development was monitored by optical microscopy at different developmental stages in the presence or absence of the ABC-transporter blockers reversin205 (ABCB1 blocker) or MK571 (ABCC1 blocker). E. lucunter eggs, spermatozoa and embryos were resistant to UVA exposure. Resistance to the harmful effects of UVB was strongly associated to ABC transporter activity (embryos > eggs > spermatozoa). ABCB1 or ABCC1 blockage promoted the injurious effects of UVA on spermatozoa. ABCC1 transporter blockage increased UVB-dependent damage in eggs while ABCB1 transporter inhibition increased harmful effects of UVB in embryonic cells. ABC-transporter activity was not, however, affected by UVB exposure. In conclusion, the present study is the first report on the protective role of ABC transporters against harmful effects of UVA and UVB on sea urchin eggs and embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelmo Cássio de Araujo Leite
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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26
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Coelho FJRC, Santos AL, Coimbra J, Almeida A, Cunha A, Cleary DFR, Calado R, Gomes NCM. Interactive effects of global climate change and pollution on marine microbes: the way ahead. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1808-18. [PMID: 23789087 PMCID: PMC3686211 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change has the potential to seriously and adversely affect marine ecosystem functioning. Numerous experimental and modeling studies have demonstrated how predicted ocean acidification and increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can affect marine microbes. However, researchers have largely ignored interactions between ocean acidification, increased UVR and anthropogenic pollutants in marine environments. Such interactions can alter chemical speciation and the bioavailability of several organic and inorganic pollutants with potentially deleterious effects, such as modifying microbial-mediated detoxification processes. Microbes mediate major biogeochemical cycles, providing fundamental ecosystems services such as environmental detoxification and recovery. It is, therefore, important that we understand how predicted changes to oceanic pH, UVR, and temperature will affect microbial pollutant detoxification processes in marine ecosystems. The intrinsic characteristics of microbes, such as their short generation time, small size, and functional role in biogeochemical cycles combined with recent advances in molecular techniques (e.g., metagenomics and metatranscriptomics) make microbes excellent models to evaluate the consequences of various climate change scenarios on detoxification processes in marine ecosystems. In this review, we highlight the importance of microbial microcosm experiments, coupled with high-resolution molecular biology techniques, to provide a critical experimental framework to start understanding how climate change, anthropogenic pollution, and microbiological interactions may affect marine ecosystems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J R C Coelho
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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27
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Wargent JJ, Jordan BR. From ozone depletion to agriculture: understanding the role of UV radiation in sustainable crop production. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:1058-1076. [PMID: 23363481 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Largely because of concerns regarding global climate change, there is a burgeoning interest in the application of fundamental scientific knowledge in order to better exploit environmental cues in the achievement of desirable endpoints in crop production. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an energetic driver of a diverse range of plant responses and, despite historical concerns regarding the damaging consequences of UV-B radiation for global plant productivity as related to stratospheric ozone depletion, current developments representative of a range of organizational scales suggest that key plant responses to UV-B radiation may be exploitable in the context of a sustainable contribution towards the strengthening of global crop production, including alterations in secondary metabolism, enhanced photoprotection, up-regulation of the antioxidative response and modified resistance to pest and disease attack. Here, we discuss the prospect of this paradigm shift in photobiology, and consider the linkages between fundamental plant biology and crop-level outcomes that can be applied to the plant UV-B response, in addition to the consequences for related biota and many other facets of agro-ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Wargent
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Brian R Jordan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
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28
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Kikuchi A, Shibata K, Kumasaka R, Yagi M. Optical and Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of the Excited States of a UV-B Absorber (4-Methylbenzylidene)camphor. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1413-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3071772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Kumasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mikio Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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29
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van Dijk A, Slaper H, den Outer PN, Morgenstern O, Braesicke P, Pyle JA, Garny H, Stenke A, Dameris M, Kazantzidis A, Tourpali K, Bais AF. Skin Cancer Risks Avoided by the Montreal Protocol-Worldwide Modeling Integrating Coupled Climate-Chemistry Models with a Risk Model for UV. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:234-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hella Garny
- DLR; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Wessling; Germany
| | - Andrea Stenke
- DLR; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Wessling; Germany
| | - Martin Dameris
- DLR; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Wessling; Germany
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Oguchi-Fujiyama N, Miyazawa K, Kikuchi A, Yagi M. Photophysical properties of dioctyl 4-methoxybenzylidenemalonate: UV-B absorber. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1528-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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