1
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Guo W, Tao Y, Yang R, Mao K, Zhou H, Xu M, Sun T, Li X, Shi C, Ge Z, Xue R, Zhou H, Ren Y. Compact highly sensitive photothermal RT-LAMP chip for simultaneous multidisease detection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadq2899. [PMID: 39536102 PMCID: PMC11559619 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Developing instant detection systems with disease diagnostic capabilities holds immense importance for remote or resource-limited areas. However, the task of creating these systems-which are simultaneously easy to operate, rapid in detection, and cost-effective-remains a challenge. In this study, we present a compact highly sensitive photothermal reverse transcriptase-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) chip (SPRC) designed for the detection of multiple diseases. The nucleic acid (NA) amplification on the chip is achieved through LAMP driven by either LED illumination or simple sunlight focusing. SPRC performs sample addition and amplification within a limited volume and autonomous enrichment of NA during the sample addition process, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.2 copies per microliter. Through 120 clinical samples, we achieved an accuracy of 95%, with a specificity exceeding 97.5%. Overall, SPRC has achieved promising progress in the application of point-of-care testing (POCT) by using light energy to simultaneously detect multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruizhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kaihao Mao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Minghui Xu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Changrui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhenyou Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rui Xue
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Haizhou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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2
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Nam KS, Piri A, Choi S, Jung J, Hwang J. Air sampling and simultaneous detection of airborne influenza virus via gold nanorod-based plasmonic PCR. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135180. [PMID: 39067289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Reliable and sensitive virus detection is essential to prevent airborne virus transmission. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most compelling and effective diagnostic techniques for detecting airborne pathogens. However, most PCR diagnostics rely on thermocycling, which involves a time-consuming Peltier block heating methodology. Plasmonic PCR is based on light-driven photothermal heating of plasmonic nanostructures to address the key drawbacks of traditional PCR. This study introduces a methodology for plasmonic PCR detection of air-sampled influenza virus (H1N1). An electrostatic air sampler was used to collect the aerosolized virus in a carrier liquid for 10 min. Simultaneously, the viruses collected in the liquid were transferred to a tube containing gold (Au) nanorods (aspect ratio = 3.6). H1N1 viruses were detected in 12 min, which is the total time required for reverse transcription, fast thermocycling via plasmonic heating through gold nanorods, and in situ fluorescence detection. This methodology showed a limit of detection of three RNA copies/μL liquid for H1N1 influenza virus, which is comparable to that of commercially available PCR devices. This methodology can be used for the rapid and precise identification of pathogens on-site, while significantly reducing the time required for monitoring airborne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sik Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Amin Piri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Institute of Engineering Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Park SY, Faraci G, Ward P, Lee HY. Utilizing cost-effective portable equipment to enhance COVID-19 variant tracking both on-site and at a large scale. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0155823. [PMID: 38415638 PMCID: PMC11005371 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01558-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite optimistic predictions on the eventual end of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), caution is necessary regarding the emergence of new variants to sustain a positive outlook and effectively address any potential future outbreaks. However, ongoing efforts to track COVID-19 variants are concentrated in developed countries and unique social practices and remote habitats of indigenous peoples present additional challenges. By combining small-sized equipment that is easily accessible and inexpensive, we performed SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) whole genome sequencing and measured the sample-to-answer time and accuracy of this portable variant tracking tool. Our portable design determined the variant of SARS-CoV-2 in an infected individual within 9 hours and 15 minutes without external power or internet connection, surpassing the speed of previous portable tools. It took only 16 minutes to complete sequencing run, whole genome assembly, and lineage determination using a single standalone laptop. We then demonstrated the capability to produce 289 SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences in a single portable sequencing run, representing a significant improvement over an existing throughput of 96 sequences per run. We verified the accuracy of portable sequencing by comparison with two other independent sequencing methods. We showed that our high-throughput data consistently represented the circulating variants in Los Angeles, United States, when compared with publicly available sequences. Our scheme is designed to be flexible, rapid, and accurate, making it a valuable tool for large-scale surveillance operations in low- and middle-income countries as well as targeted surveys for vulnerable populations in remote locations.IMPORTANCEThere have been significant efforts to track COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) variants, accumulating over 15 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences as of 2023. However, the distribution of global survey data is highly skewed, with nearly half of all countries having inadequate or low levels of genomic surveillance. In addition, indigenous peoples face more severe threats from COVID-19, due to their generally remote residence and unique social practices. Cost-effective portable sequencing tools have been used to investigate Ebola and Zika outbreaks. However, these tools have a sample-to-answer time of around 24 hours and require an internet connection for data transfer to an off-site cloud server. In our study, we rapidly determined COVID-19 variants using only small and inexpensive equipment, with a completion time of 9 hours and 15 minutes. Furthermore, we produced 289 near-full-length SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from a single portable Nanopore sequencing run, representing a threefold increase in throughput compared with existing Nanopore sequencing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yong Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gina Faraci
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pamela Ward
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ha Youn Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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4
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Brukner I, Paliouras M, Trifiro M, Bohbot M, Shamir D, Kirk AG. Assessing Different PCR Master Mixes for Ultrarapid DNA Amplification: Important Analytical Parameters. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:477. [PMID: 38472949 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The basic principles of ultrafast plasmonic PCR have been promulgated in the scientific and technological literature for over a decade. Yet, its everyday diagnostic utility remains unvalidated in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Although the impressive speed of plasmonic PCR reaction is well-documented, implementing this process into a device form compatible with routine diagnostic tasks has been challenging. Here, we show that combining careful system engineering and process control with innovative and specific PCR biochemistry makes it possible to routinely achieve a sensitive and robust "10 min" PCR assay in a compact and lightweight system. The critical analytical parameters of PCR reactions are discussed in the current instrument setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Brukner
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | | | - Mark Trifiro
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Marc Bohbot
- Nexless Healthcare, 1315 Chem. Canora, Mont-Royal, Montreal, QC H3P 2J5, Canada
| | - Daniel Shamir
- Nexless Healthcare, 1315 Chem. Canora, Mont-Royal, Montreal, QC H3P 2J5, Canada
| | - Andrew G Kirk
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
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5
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Madadelahi M, Agarwal R, Martinez-Chapa SO, Madou MJ. A roadmap to high-speed polymerase chain reaction (PCR): COVID-19 as a technology accelerator. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115830. [PMID: 38039729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The limit of detection (LOD), speed, and cost of crucial COVID-19 diagnostic tools, including lateral flow assays (LFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and polymerase chain reactions (PCR), have all improved because of the financial and governmental support for the epidemic. The most notable improvement in overall efficiency among them has been seen with PCR. Its significance for human health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, when it emerged as the commonly used approach for identifying the virus. However, because of problems with speed, complexity, and expense, PCR deployment in point-of-care settings continues to be difficult. Microfluidic platforms offer a promising solution by enabling the development of smaller, more affordable, and faster PCR systems. In this review, we delve into the engineering challenges associated with the advancement of high-speed microfluidic PCR equipment. We introduce criteria that facilitate the evaluation and comparison of factors such as speed, LOD, cycling efficiency, and multiplexing capacity, considering sample volume, fluidics, PCR reactor geometry and materials, as well as heating/cooling methods. We also provide a comprehensive list of commercially available PCR devices and conclude with projections and a discussion regarding the current obstacles that need to be addressed in order to progress further in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Madadelahi
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, Mexico; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, Mexico
| | | | - Marc J Madou
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, Mexico; Autonomous Medical Devices Incorporated (AMDI), Santa Ana, CA, 92704, USA.
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6
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Kumar PPP, Lim DK. Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles as a Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2349. [PMID: 37765317 PMCID: PMC10534847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have received great attention for various medical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. AuNPs with tunable optical properties in the visible and near-infrared regions have been utilized in a variety of applications such as in vitro diagnostics, in vivo imaging, and therapeutics. Among the applications, this review will pay more attention to recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic applications based on the photothermal (PT) effect of AuNPs. In particular, the PT effect of AuNPs has played an important role in medical applications utilizing light, such as photoacoustic imaging, photon polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and hyperthermia therapy. First, we discuss the fundamentals of the optical properties in detail to understand the background of the PT effect of AuNPs. For diagnostic applications, the ability of AuNPs to efficiently convert absorbed light energy into heat to generate enhanced acoustic waves can lead to significant enhancements in photoacoustic signal intensity. Integration of the PT effect of AuNPs with PCR may open new opportunities for technological innovation called photonic PCR, where light is used to enable fast and accurate temperature cycling for DNA amplification. Additionally, beyond the existing thermotherapy of AuNPs, the PT effect of AuNPs can be further applied to cancer immunotherapy. Controlled PT damage to cancer cells triggers an immune response, which is useful for obtaining better outcomes in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors or vaccines. Therefore, this review examines applications to nanomedicine based on the PT effect among the unique optical properties of AuNPs, understands the basic principles, the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, and understands the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Based on this, it is expected that it will help understand the current status and development direction of new nanoparticle-based disease diagnosis methods and treatment methods, and we hope that it will inspire the development of new innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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7
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Jiang K, Lee JH, Fung TS, Wu J, Liu C, Mi H, Rajapakse RPVJ, Balasuriya UBR, Peng YK, Go YY. Next-generation diagnostic test for dengue virus detection using an ultrafast plasmonic colorimetric RT-PCR strategy. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1274:341565. [PMID: 37455070 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The current global COVID-19 pandemic once again highlighted the urgent need for a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive diagnostic platform that can be rapidly developed for distribution and easy access in resource-limited areas. Here, we present a simple and low-cost plasmonic photothermal (PPT)-reverse transcription-colorimetric polymerase chain reaction (RTcPCR) for molecular diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection. The assay can be completed within 54 min with an estimated detection limit of 1.6 copies/μL of viral nucleic acid. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of PPT-RTcPCR were comparable to that of the reference RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, the clinical performance of PPT-RTcPCR was evaluated and validated using 158 plasma samples collected from patients suspected of dengue infection. The results showed a diagnostic agreement of 97.5% compared to the reference RT-qPCR and demonstrated a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 97.0% and 100%, respectively. The simplicity and reliability of our PPT-RTcPCR strategy suggest it can provide a foundation for developing a field-deployable diagnostic assay for dengue and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea.
| | - To Sing Fung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingrui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Congnuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Mi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - R P V Jayanthe Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Udeni B R Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Yung-Kang Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yun Young Go
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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8
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Kim BK, Lee SA, Park M, Jeon EJ, Kim MJ, Kim JM, Kim H, Jung S, Kim SK. Ultrafast Real-Time PCR in Photothermal Microparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20533-20544. [PMID: 36475304 PMCID: PMC9799066 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As the turnaround time of diagnosis becomes important, there is an increasing demand for rapid, point-of-care testing (POCT) based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the most reliable diagnostic tool. Although optical components in real-time PCR (qPCR) have quickly become compact and economical, conventional PCR instruments still require bulky thermal systems, making it difficult to meet emerging needs. Photonic PCR, which utilizes photothermal nanomaterials as heating elements, is a promising platform for POCT as it reduces power consumption and process time. Here, we develop a photonic qPCR platform using hydrogel microparticles. Microparticles consisting of hydrogel matrixes containing photothermal nanomaterials and primers are dubbed photothermal primer-immobilized networks (pPINs). Reduced graphene oxide is selected as the most suitable photothermal nanomaterial to generate heat in pPIN due to its superior light-to-heat conversion efficiency. The photothermal reaction volume of 100 nL (predefined by the pPIN dimensions) provides fast heating and cooling rates of 22.0 ± 3.0 and 23.5 ± 2.6 °C s-1, respectively, enabling ultrafast qPCR within 5 min only with optical components. The microparticle-based photonic qPCR facilitates multiplex assays by loading multiple encoded pPIN microparticles in a single reaction. As a proof of concept, four-plex pPIN qPCR for bacterial discrimination are successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Kyun Kim
- Division
of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- BioActs
Co., Ltd., Incheon 21666, Korea
- Center
for Augmented Safety Systems with Intelligence, Sensing and Tracking
(ASSIST), KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sang-A Lee
- Center
for Augmented Safety Systems with Intelligence, Sensing and Tracking
(ASSIST), KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Minju Park
- Soft
Hybrid Materials Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Eui Ju Jeon
- Center
for Augmented Safety Systems with Intelligence, Sensing and Tracking
(ASSIST), KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Center
for Augmented Safety Systems with Intelligence, Sensing and Tracking
(ASSIST), KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Center
for Augmented Safety Systems with Intelligence, Sensing and Tracking
(ASSIST), KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Heesuk Kim
- Soft
Hybrid Materials Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division
of Energy and Environmental Technology, KIST School, UST, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seungwon Jung
- Center
for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department
of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Center
for Augmented Safety Systems with Intelligence, Sensing and Tracking
(ASSIST), KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sang Kyung Kim
- Center
for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
- KHU-KIST
Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Center
for Augmented Safety Systems with Intelligence, Sensing and Tracking
(ASSIST), KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
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9
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Blumenfeld NR, Bolene MAE, Jaspan M, Ayers AG, Zarrandikoetxea S, Freudman J, Shah N, Tolwani AM, Hu Y, Chern TL, Rogot J, Behnam V, Sekhar A, Liu X, Onalir B, Kasumi R, Sanogo A, Human K, Murakami K, Totapally GS, Fasciano M, Sia SK. Multiplexed reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction using plasmonic nanoparticles for point-of-care COVID-19 diagnosis. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:984-992. [PMID: 35879456 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) offers the capabilities of real-time monitoring of amplified products, fast detection, and quantitation of infectious units, but poses technical hurdles for point-of-care miniaturization compared with end-point polymerase chain reaction. Here we demonstrate plasmonic thermocycling, in which rapid heating of the solution is achieved via infrared excitation of nanoparticles, successfully performing reverse-transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR) in a reaction vessel containing polymerase chain reaction chemistry, fluorescent probes and plasmonic nanoparticles. The method could rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from human saliva and nasal specimens with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, as well as two distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. The use of small optical components for both thermocycling and multiplexed fluorescence monitoring renders the instrument amenable to point-of-care use. Overall, this study demonstrates that plasmonic nanoparticles with compact optics can be used to achieve real-time and multiplexed RT-qPCR on clinical specimens, towards the goal of rapid and accurate molecular clinical diagnostics in decentralized settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Blumenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Rover Diagnostics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Anne E Bolene
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Rover Diagnostics, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Abigail G Ayers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabin Zarrandikoetxea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Rover Diagnostics, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Rover Diagnostics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela M Tolwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Rover Diagnostics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuhang Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Rover Diagnostics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terry L Chern
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vira Behnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aditya Sekhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Rover Diagnostics, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert Kasumi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abdoulaye Sanogo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelia Human
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kasey Murakami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goutham S Totapally
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Samuel K Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Curtin K, Fike BJ, Binkley B, Godary T, Li P. Recent Advances in Digital Biosensing Technology. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090673. [PMID: 36140058 PMCID: PMC9496261 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Digital biosensing assays demonstrate remarkable advantages over conventional biosensing systems because of their ability to achieve single-molecule detection and absolute quantification. Unlike traditional low-abundance biomarking screening, digital-based biosensing systems reduce sample volumes significantly to the fL-nL level, which vastly reduces overall reagent consumption, improves reaction time and throughput, and enables high sensitivity and single target detection. This review presents the current technology for compartmentalizing reactions and their applications in detecting proteins and nucleic acids. We also analyze existing challenges and future opportunities associated with digital biosensing and research opportunities for developing integrated digital biosensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Curtin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bethany J. Fike
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Brandi Binkley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Toktam Godary
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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A plasmonic gold nanofilm-based microfluidic chip for rapid and inexpensive droplet-based photonic PCR. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23338. [PMID: 34857792 PMCID: PMC8639772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful tool for nucleic acid amplification and quantification. However, long thermocycling time is a major limitation of the commercial PCR devices in the point-of-care (POC). Herein, we have developed a rapid droplet-based photonic PCR (dpPCR) system, including a gold (Au) nanofilm-based microfluidic chip and a plasmonic photothermal cycler. The chip is fabricated by adding mineral oil to uncured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to suppress droplet evaporation in PDMS microfluidic chips during PCR thermocycling. A PDMS to gold bonding technique using a double-sided adhesive tape is applied to enhance the bonding strength between the oil-added PDMS and the gold nanofilm. Moreover, the gold nanofilm excited by two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) from the top and bottom sides of the chip provides fast heating of the PCR sample to 230 °C within 100 s. Such a design enables 30 thermal cycles from 60 to 95 °C within 13 min with the average heating and cooling rates of 7.37 ± 0.27 °C/s and 1.91 ± 0.03 °C/s, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate successful PCR amplification of the alcohol oxidase (AOX) gene using the rapid plasmonic photothermal cycler and exhibit the great performance of the microfluidic chip for droplet-based PCR.
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Mohammadyousef P, Paliouras M, Trifiro MA, Kirk AG. Plasmonic and label-free real-time quantitative PCR for point-of-care diagnostics. Analyst 2021; 146:5619-5630. [PMID: 34378560 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In response to the world's medical community's need for accurate and immediate infectious pathogen detection, many researchers have focused on adapting the standard molecular diagnostic method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for point-of-care (POC) applications. PCR technology is not without its shortcomings; current platforms can be bulky, slow, and power-intensive. Although there have been some advances in microfluidic PCR devices, a simple-to-operate and fabricate PCR device is still lacking. In the first part of this paper, we introduce a compact plasmonic PCR thermocycler in which fast DNA amplification is derived from efficient photothermal heating of a colloidal reaction mixture containing gold nanorods (AuNRs) using a small-scale vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Using this method, we demonstrate 30 cycle-assay time of sub-ten minutes for successful Chlamydia trachomatis DNA amplification in 20 μL total PCR sample volume. In the second part, we report an ultrasensitive real-time amplicon detection strategy which is based on cycle-by-cycle monitoring of 260 nm absorption of the PCR sample. This was accomplished by irradiating the PCR sample using a UV LED and collecting the transmitted optical power with a photodetector. The UV absorption dependency on the nucleotides' structural degree of freedom gives rise to distinctive features in the shape of UV amplification curves for the determination of PCR results, thus circumventing the need for the complicated design of target-specific probes or intercalating fluorophores. This amplicon quantification method has a high detection sensitivity of one DNA copy. This is the first demonstration of a compact plasmonic thermocycler combined with a real-time fluorophore-free quantitative amplicon detection system. The small footprint of our PCR device stems from hardware miniaturization, while abundant sample volume facilitates highly sensitive detection and fluid handling required for in-field sample analysis, thereby making it an excellent candidate for POC molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padideh Mohammadyousef
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Miltiadis Paliouras
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark A Trifiro
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew G Kirk
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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You M, Jia P, He X, Wang Z, Feng S, Ren Y, Li Z, Cao L, Gao B, Yao C, Singamaneni S, Xu F. Quantifying and Adjusting Plasmon-Driven Nano-Localized Temperature Field around Gold Nanorods for Nucleic Acids Amplification. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001254. [PMID: 34928096 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast nucleic acid (NA) amplification has found widespread biomedical applications, where high thermocycling rate is the key. The plasmon-driven nano-localized thermocycling around the gold nanorods (AuNRs) is a promising alternative, as the significantly reduced reaction volume enables a rapid temperature response. However, quantifying and adjusting the nano-localized temperature field remains challenging for now. Herein, a simple method is developed to quantify and adjust the nano-localized temperature field around AuNRs by combining experimental measurement and numerical simulation. An indirect method to measure the surface temperature of AuNRs is first developed by utilizing the temperature-dependent stability of Authiol bond. Meanwhile, the relationship of AuNRs' surface temperature with the AuNRs concentration and laser intensity, is also studied. In combination with thermal diffusion simulation, the nano-localized temperature field under the laser irradiation is obtained. The results show that the restricted reaction volume (≈aL level) enables ultrafast thermocycling rate (>104 °C s-1 ). At last, a duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-mediated isothermal amplification is successfully demonstrated within the nano-localized temperature field. It is envisioned that the developed method for quantifying and adjusting the nano-localized temperature field around AuNRs is adaptive for various noble metal nanostructures and will facilitate the development of the biochemical reaction in the nano-localized environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli You
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Pengpeng Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocong He
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Shangsheng Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Zedong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
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Ahrberg CD, Choi JW, Lee JM, Lee KG, Lee SJ, Manz A, Chung BG. Plasmonic heating-based portable digital PCR system. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3560-3568. [PMID: 32844858 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A miniaturized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system is not only important for medical applications in remote areas of developing countries, but also important for testing at ports of entry during global epidemics, such as the current outbreak of the coronavirus. Although there is a large number of PCR sensor systems available for this purpose, there is still a lack of portable digital PCR (dPCR) heating systems. Here, we first demonstrated a portable plasmonic heating-based dPCR system. The device has total dimensions of 9.7 × 5.6 × 4.1 cm and a total power consumption of 4.5 W, allowing for up to 25 dPCR experiments to be conducted on a single charge of a 20 000 mAh external battery. The dPCR system has a maximum heating rate of 10.7 °C s-1 and maximum cooling rate of 8 °C s-1. Target DNA concentrations in the range from 101 ± 1.4 copies per μL to 260 000 ± 20 000 copies per μL could be detected using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microwell membrane with 22 080 well arrays (20 μm diameter). Furthermore, the heating system was demonstrated using a mass producible poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA microwell array with 8100 microwell arrays (80 μm diameter). The PMMA microwell array could detect a concentration from 12 ± 0.7 copies per μL to 25 889 ± 737 copies per μL.
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16
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Progress in molecular detection with high-speed nucleic acids thermocyclers. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Abstract
With the rapid development of high technology, chemical science is not as it used to be a century ago. Many chemists acquire and utilize skills that are well beyond the traditional definition of chemistry. The digital age has transformed chemistry laboratories. One aspect of this transformation is the progressing implementation of electronics and computer science in chemistry research. In the past decade, numerous chemistry-oriented studies have benefited from the implementation of electronic modules, including microcontroller boards (MCBs), single-board computers (SBCs), professional grade control and data acquisition systems, as well as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In particular, MCBs and SBCs provide good value for money. The application areas for electronic modules in chemistry research include construction of simple detection systems based on spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry principles, customizing laboratory devices for automation of common laboratory practices, control of reaction systems (batch- and flow-based), extraction systems, chromatographic and electrophoretic systems, microfluidic systems (classical and nonclassical), custom-built polymerase chain reaction devices, gas-phase analyte detection systems, chemical robots and drones, construction of FPGA-based imaging systems, and the Internet-of-Chemical-Things. The technology is easy to handle, and many chemists have managed to train themselves in its implementation. The only major obstacle in its implementation is probably one's imagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Mohammadyousef P, Paliouras M, Trifiro M, Kirk AG. Model-based Analysis for Real-time Label-free Ultraviolet Quantification of Ultrafast Plasmonic Polymerase Chain Reaction. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:5136-5139. [PMID: 33019142 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model for DNA quantification was calibrated using experimental results from real-time 260nm absorption measurements of plasmonic PCR thermocycling. The effect of different PCR parameters on template amplification was investigated using the calibrated model.
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Monshat H, Wu Z, Pang J, Zhang Q, Lu M. Integration of plasmonic heating and on-chip temperature sensor for nucleic acid amplification assays. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000060. [PMID: 32176462 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid tests have been widely used for diagnosis of diseases by detecting the relevant genetic markers that are usually amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This work reports the use of a plasmonic device as an efficient and low-cost PCR thermocycler to facilitate nucleic acid-based diagnosis. The thermoplasmonic device, consisting of a one-dimensional metal grating, exploited the strong light absorption of plasmonic resonance modes to heat up PCR reagents using a near-infrared laser source. The plasmonic device also integrated a thin-film thermocouple on the metal grating to monitor the sample temperature. The plasmonic thermocycler is capable of performing a PCR amplification cycle in ~2.5 minutes. We successfully demonstrated the multiplex and real-time PCR amplifications of the antibiotic resistance genes using the genomic DNAs extracted from Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Monshat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Black Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jinji Pang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Black Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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20
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Lee Y, Kang BH, Kang M, Chung DR, Yi GS, Lee LP, Jeong KH. Nanoplasmonic On-Chip PCR for Rapid Precision Molecular Diagnostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12533-12540. [PMID: 32101396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging molecular diagnosis requires ultrafast polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on chip for rapid precise detection of infectious diseases in the point-of-care test. Here, we report nanoplasmonic on-chip PCR for rapid precision molecular diagnostics. The nanoplasmonic pillar arrays (NPA) comprise gold nanoislands on the top and sidewall of large-scale glass nanopillar arrays. The nanoplasmonic pillars enhance light absorption of a white light-emitting diode (LED) over the whole visible range due to strong electromagnetic hotspots between the nanoislands. As a result, they effectively induce photothermal heating for ultrafast PCR thermal cycling. The temperature profile of NPA exhibits 30 cycles between 98 and 60 °C for a total of 3 min and 30 s during the cyclic excitation of white LED light. The experimental results also demonstrate the rapid DNA amplification of both 0.1 ng μL-1 of λ-DNA in 20 thermal cycles and 0.1 ng μL-1 of complementary DNA of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 30 thermal cycles using a conventional PCR volume of 15 μL. This nanoplasmonic PCR technique provides a new opportunity for rapid precision molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseop Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Kang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Smart Healthcare Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST (Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology), Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Foundation for infectious Diseases (APFID), 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ki-Hun Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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21
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Ultrafast Photonic PCR Based on Photothermal Nanomaterials. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:637-649. [PMID: 31918858 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, PCR has been the gold standard for detecting nucleic acids (NAs) in various biomedical fields. However, there are several limitations associated with conventional PCR, such as complicated operation, need for bulky equipment, and, in particular, long thermocycling time. Emerging nanomaterials with photothermal effects have shown great potential for developing a new generation of PCR: ultrafast photonic PCR. Here, we review recent applications of photothermal nanomaterials in ultrafast photonic PCR. First, we introduce emerging photothermal nanomaterials and their light-to-heat energy conversion process in photonic PCR. We then review different photothermal nanomaterial-based photonic PCRs and compare their merits and drawbacks. Finally, we summarize existing challenges with photonic PCR and hypothesize its promising future research directions.
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22
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Cho B, Lee SH, Song J, Bhattacharjee S, Feng J, Hong S, Song M, Kim W, Lee J, Bang D, Wang B, Riley LW, Lee LP. Nanophotonic Cell Lysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction with Gravity-Driven Cell Enrichment for Rapid Detection of Pathogens. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13866-13874. [PMID: 31756079 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and precise detection of pathogens is a critical step in the prevention and identification of emergencies related to health and biosafety as well as the clinical management of community-acquired urinary tract infections or sexually transmitted diseases. However, a conventional culture-based pathogen diagnostic method is time-consuming, permitting physicians to use antibiotics without ample clinical data. Here, we present a nanophotonic Light-driven Integrated cell lysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a chip with Gravity-driven cell enrichment Health Technology (LIGHT) for rapid precision detection of pathogens (<20 min). We created the LIGHT, which has the three functions of (1) selective enrichment of pathogens, (2) photothermal cell lysis, and (3) photonic PCR on a chip. We designed the gravity-driven cell enrichment via a nanoporous membrane on a chip that allows an effective bacterial enrichment of 40 000-fold from a 1 mL sample in 2 min. We established a light-driven photothermal lysis of preconcentrated bacteria within 1 min by designing the network of nanoplasmonic optical antenna on a chip for ultrafast light-to-heat conversion, created the nanoplasmonic optical antenna network-based ultrafast photonic PCR on a chip, and identified Escherichia coli. Finally, we demonstrated the end-point detection of up to 103 CFU/mL of E. coli in 10 min. We believe that our nanophotonic LIGHT will provide rapid and precise identification of pathogens in both developing and developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungrae Cho
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jihwan Song
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Saptati Bhattacharjee
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jeffrey Feng
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - SoonGweon Hong
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Minsun Song
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Wonseok Kim
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jonghwan Lee
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Doyeon Bang
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Lee W Riley
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Biophysics Graduate Program , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077
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23
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You M, Cao L, Xu F. Plasmon-Driven Ultrafast Photonic PCR. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 45:174-175. [PMID: 31866304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minli You
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China.
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China.
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Sreejith KR, Ooi CH, Jin J, Dao DV, Nguyen NT. Digital polymerase chain reaction technology - recent advances and future perspectives. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3717-3732. [PMID: 30402632 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) technology has remained a "hot topic" in the last two decades due to its potential applications in cell biology, genetic engineering, and medical diagnostics. Various advanced techniques have been reported on sample dispersion, thermal cycling and output monitoring of digital PCR. However, a fully automated, low-cost and handheld digital PCR platform has not been reported in the literature. This paper attempts to critically evaluate the recent developments in techniques for sample dispersion, thermal cycling and output evaluation for dPCR. The techniques are discussed in terms of hardware simplicity, portability, cost-effectiveness and suitability for automation. The present paper also discusses the research gaps observed in each step of dPCR and concludes with possible improvements toward portable, low-cost and automatic digital PCR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, 4111 Queensland, Australia.
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Yu T, Wei Q. Plasmonic molecular assays: Recent advances and applications for mobile health. NANO RESEARCH 2018; 11:5439-5473. [PMID: 32218913 PMCID: PMC7091255 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-018-2094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonics-based biosensing assays have been extensively employed for biomedical applications. Significant advancements in use of plasmonic assays for the construction of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic methods have been made to provide effective and urgent health care of patients, especially in resourcelimited settings. This rapidly progressive research area, centered on the unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of metallic nanostructures with exceptional absorption and scattering abilities, has greatly facilitated the development of cost-effective, sensitive, and rapid strategies for disease diagnostics and improving patient healthcare in both developed and developing worlds. This review highlights the recent advances and applications of plasmonic technologies for highly sensitive protein and nucleic acid biomarker detection. In particular, we focus on the implementation and penetration of various plasmonic technologies in conventional molecular diagnostic assays, and discuss how such modification has resulted in simpler, faster, and more sensitive alternatives that are suited for point-of-use. Finally, integration of plasmonic molecular assays with various portable POC platforms for mobile health applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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26
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Kim J, Kim H, Park JH, Jon S. Gold Nanorod-based Photo-PCR System for One-Step, Rapid Detection of Bacteria. Nanotheranostics 2017; 1:178-185. [PMID: 29071186 PMCID: PMC5646718 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.18720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been an essential tool for diagnosis of infectious diseases, but conventional PCR still has some limitations with respect to applications to point-of-care (POC) diagnostic systems that require rapid detection and miniaturization. Here we report a light-based PCR method, termed as photo-PCR, which enables rapid detection of bacteria in a single step. In the photo-PCR system, poly(enthylene glycol)-modified gold nanorods (PEG-GNRs), used as a heat generator, are added into the PCR mixture, which is subsequently periodically irradiated with a 808-nm laser to create thermal cycling. Photo-PCR was able to significantly reduce overall thermal cycling time by integrating bacterial cell lysis and DNA amplification into a single step. Furthermore, when combined with KAPA2G fast polymerase and cooling system, the entire process of bacterial genomic DNA extraction and amplification was further shortened, highlighting the potential of photo-PCR for use in a portable, POC diagnostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Department of Bio & Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Park
- Department of Bio & Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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27
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Lee JH, Cheglakov Z, Yi J, Cronin TM, Gibson KJ, Tian B, Weizmann Y. Plasmonic Photothermal Gold Bipyramid Nanoreactors for Ultrafast Real-Time Bioassays. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8054-8057. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zoya Cheglakov
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jaeseok Yi
- The
James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Timothy M. Cronin
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kyle J. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- The
James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- The
Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yossi Weizmann
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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28
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Roche PJR, Najih M, Lee SS, Beitel LK, Carnevale ML, Paliouras M, Kirk AG, Trifiro MA. Real time plasmonic qPCR: how fast is ultra-fast? 30 cycles in 54 seconds. Analyst 2017; 142:1746-1755. [PMID: 28443837 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00304h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a critical tool for biological research investigators but recently it also has been making a significant impact in clinical, veterinary and agricultural applications. Plasmonic PCR, which employs the very efficient heat transfer of optically irradiated metallic nanoparticles, is a simple and powerful methodology to drive PCR reactions. The scalability of next generation plasmonic PCR technology will introduce various forms of PCR applications ranging from small footprint portable point of care diagnostic devices to large footprint central laboratory multiplexing devices. In a significant advance, we have introduced a real time plasmonic PCR and explored the ability of ultra-fast cycling compatible with both label-free and fluorescence-based monitoring of amplicon production. Furthermore, plasmonic PCR has been substantially optimized to now deliver a 30 cycle PCR in 54 seconds, with a detectable product. The advances described here will have an immediate impact on the further development of the use of plasmonic PCR playing a critical role in rapid point of care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J R Roche
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Najih
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Seung S Lee
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Lenore K Beitel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Matthew L Carnevale
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Miltiadis Paliouras
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada. and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew G Kirk
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Mark A Trifiro
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada. and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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Cao L, Cui X, Hu J, Li Z, Choi JR, Yang Q, Lin M, Ying Hui L, Xu F. Advances in digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and its emerging biomedical applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 90:459-474. [PMID: 27818047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1985, PCR has played a significant role in molecular diagnostics for genetic diseases, pathogens, oncogenes and forensic identification. In the past three decades, PCR has evolved from end-point PCR, through real-time PCR, to its current version, which is the absolute quantitive digital PCR (dPCR). In this review, we first discuss the principles of all key steps of dPCR, i.e., sample dispersion, amplification, and quantification, covering commercialized apparatuses and other devices still under lab development. We highlight the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies based on these steps, and discuss the emerging biomedical applications of dPCR. Finally, we provide a glimpse of the existing challenges and future perspectives for dPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xingye Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Zedong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jane Ru Choi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Qingzhen Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Li Ying Hui
- Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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30
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Son JH, Hong S, Haack AJ, Gustafson L, Song M, Hoxha O, Lee LP. Rapid Optical Cavity PCR. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:167-74. [PMID: 26592501 PMCID: PMC7159328 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of deadly infectious diseases, such as Ebola and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, have motivated the research for accurate, rapid diagnostics that can be administered at the point of care. Nucleic acid biomarkers for these diseases can be amplified and quantified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In order to solve the problems of conventional PCR--speed, uniform heating and cooling, and massive metal heating blocks--an innovative optofluidic cavity PCR method using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is accomplished. Using this device, 30 thermal cycles between 94 °C and 68 °C can be accomplished in 4 min for 1.3 μL (10 min for 10 μL). Simulation results show that temperature differences across the 750 μm thick cavity are less than 2 °C and 0.2 °C, respectively, at 94 °C and 68 °C. Nucleic acid concentrations as low as 10(-8) ng μL(-1) (2 DNA copies per μL) can be amplified with 40 PCR thermal cycles. This simple, ultrafast, precise, robust, and low-cost optofluidic cavity PCR is favorable for advanced molecular diagnostics and precision medicine. It is especially important for the development of lightweight, point-of-care devices for use in both developing and developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Son
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - SoonGweon Hong
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Amanda J. Haack
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Lars Gustafson
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Minsun Song
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Ori Hoxha
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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31
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Abstract
This minireview discusses universal electronic modules (generic programmable units) and their use by analytical chemists to construct inexpensive, miniature or automated devices. Recently, open-source platforms have gained considerable popularity among tech-savvy chemists because their implementation often does not require expert knowledge and investment of funds. Thus, chemistry students and researchers can easily start implementing them after a few hours of reading tutorials and trial-and-error. Single-board microcontrollers and micro-computers such as Arduino, Teensy, Raspberry Pi or BeagleBone enable collecting experimental data with high precision as well as efficient control of electric potentials and actuation of mechanical systems. They are readily programmed using high-level languages, such as C, C++, JavaScript or Python. They can also be coupled with mobile consumer electronics, including smartphones as well as teleinformatic networks. More demanding analytical tasks require fast signal processing. Field-programmable gate arrays enable efficient and inexpensive prototyping of high-performance analytical platforms, thus becoming increasingly popular among analytical chemists. This minireview discusses the advantages and drawbacks of universal electronic modules, considering their application in prototyping and manufacture of intelligent analytical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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