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Atkins AP, Dean AC, Lennox AJJ. Benzylic C(sp 3)-H fluorination. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1527-1547. [PMID: 39015617 PMCID: PMC11250007 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective fluorination of C(sp3)-H bonds is an attractive target, particularly for pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Consequently, over recent years much attention has been focused on C(sp3)-H fluorination, and several methods that are selective for benzylic C-H bonds have been reported. These protocols operate via several distinct mechanistic pathways and involve a variety of fluorine sources with distinct reactivity profiles. This review aims to give context to these transformations and strategies, highlighting the different tactics to achieve fluorination of benzylic C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice C Dean
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K.
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2
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Carroll L, Holt D, Cha H, Catazaro J, Thorley KJ, Dannals RF, Pomper MG. Investigating the Mechanism of Aluminum Fluoride Chelation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9831-9841. [PMID: 38739498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum fluoride (AlF) complexes have been used over the past decade to incorporate [18F]fluoride into large biomolecules in a highly selective fashion by using relatively facile conditions. However, despite their widespread usage, there are a large number of variations in the reaction conditions, without a definitive discussion provided on the mechanism to understand how these changes would alter the end result. Herein, we report a detailed mechanistic investigation of the reaction, using a mixture of theoretical studies, fluorine-19 and fluorine-18 chemistry, and the consequences it has on the efficient clinical translation of AlF-containing imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Carroll
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Daniel Holt
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Hyojin Cha
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Jonathan Catazaro
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Karl J Thorley
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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3
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Azbell TJ, Milner PJ. Cobalt(III) Halide Metal-Organic Frameworks Drive Catalytic Halogen Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38607314 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The selective halogenation of complex (hetero)aromatic systems is a critical yet challenging transformation that is relevant to medicinal chemistry, agriculture, and biomedical imaging. However, current methods are limited by toxic reagents, expensive homogeneous second- and third-row transition metal catalysts, or poor substrate tolerance. Herein, we demonstrate that porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) containing terminal Co(III) halide sites represent a rare and general class of heterogeneous catalysts for the controlled installation of chlorine and fluorine centers into electron-deficient (hetero)aryl bromides using simple metal halide salts. Mechanistic studies support that these halogen exchange (halex) reactions proceed via redox-neutral nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) at the Co(III) sites. The MOF-based halex catalysts are recyclable, enable green halogenation with minimal waste generation, and facilitate halex in a continuous flow. Our findings represent the first example of SNAr catalysis using MOFs, expanding the lexicon of synthetic transformations enabled by these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Azbell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Phillip J Milner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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4
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Dong J, Liang Y, Li Y, Guan W, Zhang Q, Fu J. A Catalytic Three-Component Aminofluorination of Unactivated Alkenes with Electron-Rich Amino Sources. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305006. [PMID: 38226424 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We present herein a copper-catalyzed three-component aminofluorination of unactivated alkenes with N-bromodialkylamines and readily available nucleophilic fluoride under the assistance of a bidentate auxiliary. This protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance toward a wide range of unactivated alkenes and N-bromodialkylamines to furnish the corresponding β-fluoroalkylamines in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner. The appropriate choice of nucleophilic fluoro source is essential to make this reaction a reality. Further DFT calculations show that the exothermic ion exchange between external fluoride ion and Cu(II) intermediate provides additional driving force to the irreversible migratory insertion, which offsets the unfavorable reaction energetics associated with the subsequent C(sp3)-F reductive elimination. This finding offers a new avenue to catalytic intermolecular aminofluorination of unactivated alkenes with electron-rich amino sources via a remarkable reductive elimination of Cu(III) species to forge the C(sp3)-F bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Dong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Fu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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5
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Maikhuri VK, Mathur D, Chaudhary A, Kumar R, Parmar VS, Singh BK. Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines: Recent Advances, Mechanism, Scope and Future Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:4. [PMID: 38296918 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Pyrimidine is a pharmacologically important moiety that exhibits diverse biological activities. This review reflects the growing significance of transition metal-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of pyrimidines (with no discussion being made on the transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrimidines). The effect of different catalysts on the selectivity/yields of pyrimidines and catalyst recyclability (wherever applicable) are described, together with attempts to illustrate the role of the catalyst through mechanisms. Although several methods have been researched for synthesizing this privileged scaffold, there has been a considerable push to expand transition metal-catalyzed, sustainable, efficient and selective synthetic strategies leading to pyrimidines. The aim of the authors with this update (2017-2023) is to drive the designing of new transition metal-mediated protocols for pyrimidine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Mathur
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Nanoscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center and Department of Chemistry, City College & Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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6
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Ma T, Wei XP, Wang XC, Qiao XX, Li G, He Y, Zhao XJ. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 3 a-Fluorofuro[3,2- b]indolines via Organocatalytic Aza-Friedel-Crafts Reaction/Selective C-F Bond Activation. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38014969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylated compounds are of high interest in drug discovery and have inspired the evolution of diverse C-F bond activation methodologies. However, the selective activation of polyfluorinated compounds remains challenging. Herein, we describe an unprecedented strategy for synthesizing enantioenriched fluorofuro[3,2-b]indolines through the organocatalytic aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction coupled with selective C-F bond activation. These reactions feature excellent enantioselectivities (≤96% ee) and yields (≤96%) as well as good functional group compatibility. Mechanistic investigations by means of 19F nuclear magnetic resonance experiments provided sufficient support for silica gel as the key medium in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xing-Pin Wei
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xin-Chun Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Qiao
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ganpeng Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yonghui He
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
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7
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Tang J, Lu F, Sun Y, Zhang G, Zhang E, Jiang YY. Late-Stage Diversification of Peptides via Pd-Catalyzed Site-Selective δ-C(sp 2)-H Fluorination and Amination. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14165-14171. [PMID: 37751495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective C-H fluorination is an attractive strategy for directly transforming inert C-H bonds into C-F bonds, yet it remains a significant challenge. Herein, we have developed an efficient and versatile strategy for site-selective fluorination and amination of phenylalanine-containing peptides via late-stage Pd-catalyzed δ-C(sp2)-H activation, providing a valuable tool for the in situ synthesis of fluorinated indoline scaffolds within peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fengjie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Ensheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
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8
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Demonti L, Joven-Sancho D, Nebra N. Cross-Coupling Reactions Enabled by Well-Defined Ag(III) Compounds: Main Focus on Aromatic Fluorination and Trifluoromethylation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300143. [PMID: 37338273 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AgIII compounds are considered strong oxidizers of difficult handling. Accordingly, the involvement of Ag catalysts in cross-coupling via 2e- redox sequences is frequently discarded. Nevertheless, organosilver(III) compounds have been authenticated using tetradentate macrocycles or perfluorinated groups as supporting ligands, and since 2014, first examples of cross-coupling enabled by AgI /AgIII redox cycles saw light. This review collects the most relevant contributions to this field, with main focus on aromatic fluorination/perfluoroalkylation and the identification of AgIII key intermediates. Pertinent comparison between the activity of AgIII RF compounds in aryl-F and aryl-CF3 couplings vs. the one shown by its CuIII RF and AuIII RF congeners is herein disclosed, thus providing a more profound picture on the scope of these transformations and the pathways commonly associated to C-RF bond formations enabled by coinage metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Demonti
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
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9
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Haufe G. Selective Synthesis of Monofluorinated Compounds Applying Amine/HF Reagents. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300140. [PMID: 37229773 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For nucleophilic monofluorination, amine/HF reagents such as Et3 N⋅3HF, Pyr⋅9HF (Olah's reagent) and similar combinations belong to the most frequently used fluoride sources, whereupon the selectivity of these reagents can be very different depending of its acidity, the nucleophilicity of the fluoride equivalent, and the structure of the particular substrate. These reagents can be used safely in ordinary chemistry laboratories for nucleophilic substitution reactions by fluoride at sp3 -hybridized carbon centers. For ring opening reactions of epoxides, the regio- and stereoselectivity is very much depending of the nature of the epoxide and the acidity of the HF reagent favoring either SN 1 or SN 2 type reactions. Similarly, the outcome of halofluorination and similar reactions with sulfur or seleno electrophiles can be controlled by the particular combination of the electrophile and the fluoride source. Examples for the application of these reaction types for the synthesis of fluorine-containing analogues of natural products or biologically relevant compounds are in the focus of this personal account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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10
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Gruden E, Prinčič GG, Hočevar J, Iskra J, Kvíčala J, Tavčar G. From cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) precursors to fluorinating reagents. Experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37368434 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01476b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Addition of anhydrous HF to the hydrochloride [MeCAACH][Cl(HCl)0.5] resulted in the formation of salts with high HF content. By stepwise removal of HF in vacuo, we selectively prepared [MeCAACH][F(HF)2] (3) and [MeCAACH][F(HF)3] (4). We also characterised a salt with [F(HF)4]- anions within the structure of [MeCAACH][F(HF)3.5] (5). Compounds with a lower content of HF were not accessible under vacuum conditions. MeCAAC(H)F (1) was selectively prepared by abstraction of HF from 3 with CsF or KF, while [MeCAACH][F(HF)] (2) was prepared by mixing 3 and 1 in a 1 : 1 ratio. Compound 2 proved to be quite unstable as it tends to disproportionate into 1 and 3. This observation triggered our computational study, in which the structural relationships between CAAC-based fluoropyrrolidines and dihydropyrrolium fluorides were investigated using different DFT methods. The study showed that the results were very sensitive to the computational method used. For a correct description, the quality of the triple-ζ basis set was crucial. Surprisingly, the isodesmic reaction of [MeCAACH][F] + [MeCAACH][F(HF)2] → [MeCAACH][F(HF)] + [MeCAACH][F(HF)] did not confirm the low thermodynamic stability of 2. Furthermore, the use of 3 as a nucleophilic fluorinating reagent was tested on a range of organic substrates, as it is the most stable compound in this series. It was found to have the potential to fluorinate benzyl bromides, 1- and 2-alkyl bromides, silanes and sulfonyls with good to excellent yields of the target fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Gruden
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Griša Grigorij Prinčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Hočevar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Iskra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaroslav Kvíčala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gašper Tavčar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Leibler INM, Gandhi SS, Tekle-Smith MA, Doyle AG. Strategies for Nucleophilic C(sp 3)-(Radio)Fluorination. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9928-9950. [PMID: 37094357 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective surveys the progress and current limitations of nucleophilic fluorination methodologies. Despite the long and rich history of C(sp3)-F bond construction in chemical research, the inherent challenges associated with this transformation have largely constrained nucleophilic fluorination to a privileged reaction platform. In recent years, the Doyle group─along with many others─has pursued the study and development of this transformation with the intent of generating deeper mechanistic understanding, developing user-friendly fluorination reagents, and contributing to the invention of synthetic methods capable of enabling radiofluorination. Studies from our laboratory are discussed along with recent developments from others in this field. Fluoride reagent development and the mechanistic implications of reagent identity are highlighted. We also outline the chemical space inaccessible by current synthetic technologies and a series of future directions in the field that can potentially fill the existing dark spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivaani S Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Makeda A Tekle-Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Sun Q, Li H, Chen X, Hao J, Deng H, Jiang H. Silver-Promoted Radical Cascade Aryldifluoromethylation/Cyclization of 2-Allyloxybenzaldehydes for the Synthesis of 3-Aryldifluoromethyl-Containing Chroman-4-one Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083578. [PMID: 37110812 PMCID: PMC10142801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A convenient silver-promoted radical cascade aryldifluoromethylation/cyclization of 2-allyloxybenzaldehydes has been developed. Experimental studies disclosed that the addition of aryldifluoromethyl radicals in situ produced from easily accessible gem-difluoroarylacetic acids to unactivated double bonds in 2-allyloxybenzaldehyde was an effective route to access a series of 3-aryldifluoromethyl-containing chroman-4-one derivatives in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hongxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jian Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hongmei Deng
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haizhen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Sancheti SP, Mondal DJ, Patil NT. Fluorination of α-Imino Gold Carbenes to Access C 3-Fluorinated Aza-Heterocycles. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank P. Sancheti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Dibya Jyoti Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Nitin T. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
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14
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García-Abellán S, Barrena-Espés D, Munarriz J, Passarelli V, Iglesias M. Cobalt-catalysed nucleophilic fluorination in organic carbonates. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4585-4594. [PMID: 36928731 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00731f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The novel P-N ligand 1-((diphenylphosphaneyl)methyl)-1H-benzo-1,2,3-triazole (1), based on a benzotriazole scaffold, has been prepared. The reaction of 1 with [CoCp*(CH3CN)3][BF4]2 and [CoCp*(I)2]2 (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) affords the chelate complexes [CoCp*(CH3CN)(P-N)][BF4]2 (2) and [CoCp*(I)(P-N)]I (3), respectively. Complexes 2 and 3 were studied as catalysts in the fluorination of aromatic and aliphatic acyl chlorides in CH2Cl2, with 3 showing notably higher activities than 2. Subsequently, organic carbonates (dimethyl carbonate and propylene carbonate) were also employed as solvents, which led to shorter reaction times and to the broadening of the substrate scope to a variety of aliphatic halides. Comparative studies between 3 and the analogous complex [CoCp*(I)2(PMePh2)], which features a monodentate phosphane ligand, showed that higher yields were obtained in the case of the former. DFT calculations and experimental studies were performed in order to shed light on the reaction mechanism, which entails the formation of a cobalt fluoride species that reacts via nucleophilic attack with the substrate to afford the corresponding fluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Abellán
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Daniel Barrena-Espés
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Universidad de Oviedo. Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006-Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julen Munarriz
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica. Universidad de Oviedo. Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006-Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Manuel Iglesias
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Facultad de Ciencias, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain.
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15
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Dai L, Zhang Z, Zhu G, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Rong L. Fluorohydroxylation and Hydration Reactions of para-Quinone Methides Promoted by Selectfluor. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1352-1363. [PMID: 36695008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Selectfluor-promoted vicinal fluorohydroxylation and hydration reaction of para-quinone methides (p-QMs) were described, affording vicinal fluorohydrins and ketone/ether products in high yields. The hydration products were highly controlled by the electronic properties of substituents in the aromatic ring, and simultaneously, the amount of Selectfluor was completely different during the synthesis of ketone/ether products. This reaction also represents the first fluorohydroxylation of p-QMs, and the wide range of p-QMs makes the vicinal fluorohydroxylation of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering &Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhou Zhu
- Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P. R. China
| | - Liangce Rong
- Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
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16
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Li Y, Dong Y, Wang X, Li G, Xue H, Xin W, Zhang Q, Guan W, Fu J. Regio-, Site-, and Stereoselective Three-Component Aminofluorination of 1,3-Dienes via Cooperative Silver Salt and Copper Catalysis. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yujiao Dong
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guangfu Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huiqing Xue
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wanyang Xin
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junkai Fu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis and Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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17
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Sander S, Cosgrove EJ, Müller R, Kaupp M, Braun T. Hydrogen Bonding in Platinum Indolylphosphine Polyfluorido and Fluorido Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202768. [PMID: 36327144 PMCID: PMC10107128 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the Pt complexes cis-[Pt(CH3 )(Ar){Ph2 P(Ind)}2 ] (Ind=2-(3-methyl)indolyl, Ar=4-tBuC6 H4 (1 a), 4-CH3 C6 H4 (1 b), Ph (1 c), 4-FC6 H4 (1 d), 4-ClC6 H4 (1 e), 4-CF3 C6 H4 (1 f)) with HF afforded the polyfluorido complexes trans-[Pt(F(HF)2 )(Ar){Ph2 P(Ind)}2 ] 2 a-f, which can be converted into the fluoride derivatives trans-[Pt(F)(Ar){Ph2 P(Ind)}2 ] (3 a-f) by treatment with CsF. The compounds 2 a-f and 3 a-f were characterised thoroughly by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The data reveal hydrogen bonding of the fluorido ligand with HF molecules and the indolylphosphine ligand. Polyfluorido complexes 2 a-f show larger |1 J(F,Pt)|, but lower 1 J(H,F) coupling constants when compared to the fluorido complexes 3 a-f. Decreasing 1 J(P,Pt) coupling constants in 2 a-f and 3 a-f suggest a cis influence of the aryl ligands in the following order: 4-tBuC6 H4 (a) ≈4-CH3 C6 H4 (b)<Ph (c)≪4-FC6 H4 (d)<4-ClC6 H4 (e)<4-CF3 C6 H4 (f). In addition, the larger cis influence of aryl ligands bearing electron-withdrawing groups in the para position correlates with decreasing magnitudes of |1 J(F,Pt)| coupling constants. The interpretation of the experimental data was supported by quantum-chemical DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sander
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elizabeth J Cosgrove
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Cressy D, Akula M, Frederick A, Shipley K, Osborne D. A method for the nucleophilic fluorination of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) pyridinium salts. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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19
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Yuan JW, Zhang MY, Liu Y, Hu WY, Yang LR, Xiao YM, Diao XQ, Zhang SR, Mao J. Transition-metal-free radical difluorobenzylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes: access to ArCF 2-substituted ring-fused quinazolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9722-9733. [PMID: 36440712 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01904c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A mild and efficient transition-metal-free radical difluorobenzylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes toward the synthesis of difluorobenzylated polycyclic quinazolinone derivatives with easily accessible α,α-difluoroarylacetic acids has been developed. This transformation has the advantages of wide functional group compatibility, a broad substrate scope, and operational simplicity. This methodology provided a highly attractive access to pharmaceutically valuable ArCF2-containing polycyclic quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Mei-Yue Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wen-Yu Hu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Liang-Ru Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yong-Mei Xiao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiong Diao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, China.
| | - Jian Mao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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20
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Khandelwal M, Pemawat G, Khangarot RK. Recent Developments in Nucleophilic Fluorination with Potassium Fluoride (KF): A Review. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Khandelwal
- Mohanlal Sukhadia University Department of Chemistry UCOS, Durga Nursery Road 313001 Udaipur INDIA
| | - Gangotri Pemawat
- Mohanlal Sukhadia University Department of Chemistry UCOS, Durga Nursery Road 313001 Udaipur INDIA
| | - Rama Kanwar Khangarot
- Mohanlal Sukhadia University Department of Chemistry UCOS, Durga Nursery Road 313001 Udaipur INDIA
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21
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Qin H, Zhang Z, Qiao K, Chen X, He W, Liu C, Yang X, Yang Z, Fang Z, Guo K. Regioselective C3-Fluoroalcoholation of Indoles with Heptafluoroisopropyl Iodide via Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp 2)–C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling in the Presence of O 2. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9128-9138. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xinran Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- China Biology and Medicine Department, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210031, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- School of Engineering Institution, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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22
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Zou S, Luo X, Chen C, Xi C. Photoredox-catalyzed fluorodifluoroacetylation of alkenes with FSO 2CF 2CO 2Me and Et 3N·3HF. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3726-3730. [PMID: 35466989 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00488g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox-catalyzed three-component fluorodifluoroacetylation of aromatic alkenes is reported, which features a wide substrate scope and functional group tolerance. An advantage of the reaction is the use of a nucleophilic fluoride source and a general difluoroacetylation reagent for the fluorodifluoroacetylation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xuewei Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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23
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Xu J, Peng C, Yao B, Xu HJ, Xie Q. Direct Deoxyfluorination of Alcohols with KF as the Fluorine Source. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6471-6478. [PMID: 35442691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a method for the deoxyfluorination of alcohols with KF as the fluorine source via in situ generation of highly active CF3SO2F. Diverse functionalities, including halogen, nitro, ketone, ester, alkene, and alkyne, are well tolerated. Mild conditions, a short reaction time, and a wide substrate scope make this method an excellent choice for the construction of C-F bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Chao Peng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Bolin Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, P. R. China
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24
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25
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Rachor SG, Müller R, Wittwer P, Kaupp M, Braun T. Synthesis, Reactivity, and Bonding of Gold(I) Fluorido-Phosphine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:357-367. [PMID: 34913690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold(I) fluorido complexes with phosphine ligands have been synthesized from their respective iodido precursors. The bonding situation in comparison between complexes bearing phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was explored quantum-chemically, obtaining similar results for both. Calculations of the 19F NMR chemical shifts match the experimental values well, including the approximately 40 ppm low-field shifts for the phosphine complexes compared to the NHC complexes, in spite of similar negative charges on fluorine. The reactivity of the highly water-sensitive gold(I) fluorido complexes was studied, resulting in substitution at the metal using trimethylsilyl reagents. The compounds studied were characterized using NMR as well as X-ray diffraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Rachor
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Wittwer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Sander S, Müller R, Ahrens M, Kaupp M, Braun T. Platinum Indolylphosphine Fluorido and Polyfluorido Complexes: An Interplay between Cyclometallation, Fluoride Migration, and Hydrogen Bonding. Chemistry 2021; 27:14287-14298. [PMID: 34337795 PMCID: PMC8596594 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [PtCl2 (COD)] (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with diisopropyl-2-(3-methyl)indolylphosphine (iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)) led to the formation of the platinum(ii) chlorido complexes, cis-[PtCl2 {iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}2 ] (1) and trans-[PtCl2 {iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}2 ] (2). The cis-complex 1 reacted with NEt3 yielding the complex cis-[PtCl{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}] (3) bearing a cyclometalated κ2 -(P,N)-phosphine ligand, while the isomer 2 with a trans-configuration did not show any reactivity towards NEt3 . Treatment of 1 or 3 with (CH3 )4 NF (TMAF) resulted in the formation of the twofold cyclometalated complex cis-[Pt{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}2 ] (4). The molecular structures of the complexes 1-4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The fluorido complex cis-[PtF{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}] ⋅ (HF)4 (5 ⋅ (HF)4 ) was formed when complex 4 was treated with different hydrogen fluoride sources. The Pt(ii) fluorido complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding in its outer coordination sphere between the fluorido ligand and the NH group of the 3-methylindolyl moiety. In contrast to its chlorido analogue 3, complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 reacted with CO or the ynamide 1-(2-phenylethynyl)-2-pyrrolidinone to yield the complexes trans-[Pt(CO){κ2 -(P,C)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 NCO)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}][F(HF)4 ] (7) and a complex, which we suggest to be cis-[Pt{C=C(Ph)OCN(C3 H6 )}{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}][F(HF)4 ] (9), respectively. The structure of 9 was assigned on the basis of DFT calculations as well as NMR and IR data. Hydrogen bonding of HF and NH to fluoride was proven to be crucial for the existence of 7 and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sander
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Mike Ahrens
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
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27
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Dong T, Tsui GC. Construction of Carbon-Fluorine Bonds via Copper-Catalyzed/-Mediated Fluorination Reactions. CHEM REC 2021; 21:4015-4031. [PMID: 34618399 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The construction of carbon-fluorine bonds is an important yet challenging task in organic synthesis. Transition metal-catalyzed/-mediated C-F bond forming processes have recently emerged as a viable strategy and provided access to value-added monofluorinated compounds. A dramatic increase in fluorination methods using inexpensive and earth-abundant copper can be seen in the past decade surpassing those using palladium and silver. This review discusses the recent development of Cu-catalyzed/-mediated formation of C(sp2 )-F and C(sp3 )-F bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gavin Chit Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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Cui R, Sheng J, Wu BB, Hu DD, Zheng HQ, Wang XS. Nickel-catalyzed reductive monofluoroakylation of alkyl tosylate with bromofluoromethane to primary alkyl fluoride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9084-9087. [PMID: 34498613 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalysed direct terminal monofluoromethlyation between alkyl tosylates and a low-cost, industrial raw material bromofluoromethane has been developed. This transformation has demonstrated high efficiency, mild conditions, and good functional-group compatibility. The key to success of this transformation lies in the ligand and mild base selection, ensuring the generation of various terminal monofluormethylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Sheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Bing-Bing Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Duo-Duo Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Qian Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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29
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SHIDA N, VILLANI E, SANUKI M, MIYAMOTO K, GOTOU A, ISOGAI T, YAMAUCHI A, FUCHIGAMI T, TOMITA I, INAGI S. Bipolar Electrochemical Fluorination of Triphenylmethane and Bis(phenylthio)diphenylmethane Derivatives in a U-shaped Cell. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.21-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki SHIDA
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Elena VILLANI
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Mokurai SANUKI
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Kazuhiro MIYAMOTO
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | | | | | - Toshio FUCHIGAMI
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Ikuyoshi TOMITA
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Shinsuke INAGI
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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30
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Adachi A, Aikawa K, Ishibashi Y, Nozaki K, Okazoe T. Bench-Stable Electrophilic Fluorinating Reagents for Highly Selective Mono- and Difluorination of Silyl Enol Ethers. Chemistry 2021; 27:11919-11925. [PMID: 34009678 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds have been intensively studied, recently. Development of practical fluorinating reagents is indispensable for this purpose. Herein, bench-stable electrophilic fluorinating reagents were synthesized as N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) substitutes. Reagents obtained by replacing one of the NFSI sulfonyl groups with an acyl group led to the highly selective monofluorination of silyl enol ethers with suppression of undesired overreaction, that is, difluorination. On the other hand, reagents bearing electron-withdrawing substituents at NFSI benzenesulfonyl groups efficiently facilitated the difluorination of silyl enol ethers under base-free conditions. Thus, both mono- and difluorinated target materials were prepared from the same substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Adachi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Aikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ishibashi
- Yokohama Technical Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Yokohama Technical Center, AGC Inc., 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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31
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Marzo L. Recent Advances in Organic Synthesis Using Light‐Mediated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Marzo
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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32
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Jeon MH, Kwon YD, Kim MP, Torres GB, Seo JK, Son J, Ryu YH, Hong SY, Chun JH. Late-Stage 18F/ 19F Isotopic Exchange for the Synthesis of 18F-Labeled Sulfamoyl Fluorides. Org Lett 2021; 23:2766-2771. [PMID: 33725454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of sulfamoyl [18F]fluorides has been a challenging topic owing to the inefficient nucleophilic radiofluorination of sulfamoyl derivatives. Herein, we report an 18F/19F isotopic exchange approach to synthesize various sulfamoyl [18F]fluorides, otherwise inaccessible via direct synthesis from amines, with high radiochemical yields up to 97% (30 examples). This late-stage labeling protocol offers an efficient route to yield functionalized molecules by diversifying the chemical library possessing sulfamoyl functionalities through nucleophilic 18F incorporation within nitrogen-containing sulfur(VI) frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Pyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gianluca Bartolini Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facility, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung You Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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33
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Mizuta S, Kitamura K, Kitagawa A, Yamaguchi T, Ishikawa T. Silver-Promoted Fluorination Reactions of α-Bromoamides. Chemistry 2021; 27:5930-5935. [PMID: 33274783 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver-promoted C-F bond formation in α-bromoamides by using AgF under mild conditions is reported. This simple method enables access to tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl fluorides involving biomolecular scaffolds. This transformation is applicable to primary and secondary amides and shows broad functional-group tolerance. Kinetics experiments revealed that the reaction rate increased in the order of 3°>2°>1° α-carbon atom. In addition, it was found that the acidic amide proton plays an important role in accelerating the reaction. Mechanistic studies suggested generation of an aziridinone intermediate that undergoes subsequent nucleophilic addition to form the C-F bond with stereospecificity (i.e., retention of configuration). The synthesis of sterically hindered alcohols and ethers by using AgI is also demonstrated. Examples of reactions of α-bromoamides with O nucleophiles are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuta
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kanami Kitamura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Ayako Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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34
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Hong CM, Whittaker AM, Schultz DM. Nucleophilic Fluorination of Heteroaryl Chlorides and Aryl Triflates Enabled by Cooperative Catalysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3999-4006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M. Hong
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
| | - Aaron M. Whittaker
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
| | - Danielle M. Schultz
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
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35
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Jiang X, Li E, Chen J, Huang Y. Photo-induced energy transfer relay of N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis: an asymmetric α-fluorination/isomerization cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:729-732. [PMID: 33346284 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The geometric configuration of olefin products is often driven by thermodynamic control in synthesis. Methods enabling switching of cis/trans selectivity are rare. Recently, photosensitized approaches have emerged as a powerful tool for accomplishing this task. In this report, we report an in situ isomerization of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-bound intermediate by a photo-induced energy transfer process that leads to selective access of chiral allylic fluorides with a cis-olefin geometry. In the absence of a photocatalyst or light, the reaction proceeds smoothly to give (E)-olefin products, while the (Z)-isomer can be obtained under photosensitizing conditions. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest that an energy transfer process might be operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China and Shenzhen Public Platform of Drug Screening and Preclinical Evaluation, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China and Shenzhen Public Platform of Drug Screening and Preclinical Evaluation, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China and Shenzhen Public Platform of Drug Screening and Preclinical Evaluation, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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36
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Liang Y, Zhao Z, Taya A, Shibata N. Acyl Fluorides from Carboxylic Acids, Aldehydes, or Alcohols under Oxidative Fluorination. Org Lett 2021; 23:847-852. [PMID: 33464095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel reagent system to obtain acyl fluorides directly from three different functional group precursors: carboxylic acids, aldehydes, or alcohols. The transformation is achieved via a combination of trichloroisocyanuric acid and cesium fluoride, which facilitates the synthesis of various acyl fluorides in high yield (up to 99%). It can be applied to the late-stage functionalization of natural products and drug molecules that contain a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, or an alcohol group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Liang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akihito Taya
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua 321004, China
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37
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Mairhofer C, Haider V, Bögl T, Waser M. Enantiospecific deoxyfluorination of cyclic α-OH-β-ketoesters. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:162-165. [PMID: 33211788 PMCID: PMC7116657 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02152k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the deoxyfluorination of cyclic α-hydroxy-β-ketoesters using diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST). The reaction proceeds with excellent levels of stereospecificity, giving the configurationally inverted α-fluoro-β-ketoesters in high yields under operationally simple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mairhofer
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
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38
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Lee WC, Kang SM, Lee BC, Kim SE, Kim DW. Multifunctional Crown-5-calix[4]arene-based Phase-Transfer Catalysts for Aromatic 18F-Fluorination. Org Lett 2020; 22:9551-9555. [PMID: 33270463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylated bis-triethylene glycolic crown-5-calix[4]arene (M-BTC5A) as a phase-transfer catalyst showed the best performance among other analogues and even conventional Kryptofix 222 in the nucleophilic aromatic 18F-fluorination of diaryliodonium tosylate precursors owing to (i) the efficient release of reactive "naked" [18F]fluoride, (ii) the high stabilization of the precursor in the reaction, and, presumably, (iii) the ease of access between the precursor and the K18F/M-BTC5A complex facilitated by π-π interactions. [18F]Flumazenil was produced in high radiochemical yield using M-BTC5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Chang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Min Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular and Biophamaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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39
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Zaheer MK, Vaishanv NK, Kant R, Mohanan K. Utilization of Unsymmetric Diaryliodonium Salts in α-Arylation of α-Fluoroacetoacetamides. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4297-4301. [PMID: 33180366 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts as a versatile class of arylating agents has been demonstrated by developing a novel strategy to quickly access α-arylated α-fluoroacetoacetamides. The protocol provides a convenient metal-free method for the α-arylation of a diverse class of fluorinated acetoacetamides, and the products are obtained in good yields. The strategy, upon use of electron-deficient diaryliodonium salts as an arylating agent, provides α-fluoroacetamides through a spontaneous arylation/deacylation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Khalid Zaheer
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Vaishanv
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M. Sorlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Fuad O. Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Connor K. English
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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41
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Yakubov S, Barham JP. Photosensitized direct C-H fluorination and trifluoromethylation in organic synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2151-2192. [PMID: 32952732 PMCID: PMC7476599 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fluorinated products in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry has necessitated the development of synthetic fluorination methods, of which direct C-H fluorination is among the most powerful. Despite the challenges and limitations associated with the direct fluorination of unactivated C-H bonds, appreciable advancements in manipulating the selectivity and reactivity have been made, especially via transition metal catalysis and photochemistry. Where transition metal catalysis provides one strategy for C-H bond activation, transition-metal-free photochemical C-H fluorination can provide a complementary selectivity via a radical mechanism that proceeds under milder conditions than thermal radical activation methods. One exciting development in C-F bond formation is the use of small-molecule photosensitizers, allowing the reactions i) to proceed under mild conditions, ii) to be user-friendly, iii) to be cost-effective and iv) to be more amenable to scalability than typical photoredox-catalyzed methods. In this review, we highlight photosensitized C-H fluorination as a recent strategy for the direct and remote activation of C-H (especially C(sp3)-H) bonds. To guide the readers, we present the developing mechanistic understandings of these reactions and exemplify concepts to assist the future planning of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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42
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Escorihuela J, Sedgwick DM, Llobat A, Medio-Simón M, Barrio P, Fustero S. Pauson-Khand reaction of fluorinated compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1662-1682. [PMID: 32733610 PMCID: PMC7372243 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pauson-Khand reaction (PKR) is one of the key methods for the construction of cyclopentenone derivatives, which can in turn undergo diverse chemical transformations to yield more complex biologically active molecules. Despite the increasing availability of fluorinated building blocks and methodologies to incorporate fluorine in compounds with biological interest, there have been few significant advances focused on the fluoro-Pauson-Khand reaction, both in the inter- and intramolecular versions. Furthermore, the use of vinyl fluorides as olefinic counterparts had been completely overlooked. In this review, we collect the advances both on the stoichiometric and catalytic intermolecular and intramolecular fluoro-Pauson-Khand reaction, with special attention to the PKR of enynes containing a fluoride moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel M Sedgwick
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Llobat
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Medio-Simón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Barrio
- Departmento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, Campus Universitario de El Cristo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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43
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Wang Y, Hu B, Zhang Q, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Yu F. Selectfluor-triggered fluorination/cyclization of o-hydroxyarylenaminones: A facile access to 3-fluoro-chromones. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820923084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A fast and efficient Selectfluor-triggered fluorination/cyclization reaction of o-hydroxyarylenaminones has been successfully developed. The reaction successfully provides an expedient method for the synthesis of 3-fluoro-chromones promoted by potassium carbonate, which shows readily available starting materials and is easy to operate. In addition, a plausible mechanism of this tandem cyclization reaction was proposed where 4 H-chromen-4-one, 2-(dimethylamino)-3,3-difluorochroman-4-one, and 3,3-difluoro-2-hydroxychroman-4-one were not found to be the reactive intermediates. Moreover, these novel compounds have been obtained in moderate to good yields, and their structures have been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Biao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Qiaohe Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Siyun Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P.R. China
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44
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Kervarec M, Kemnitz E, Scholz G, Rudić S, Braun T, Jäger C, Michalchuk AAL, Emmerling F. A HF Loaded Lewis-Acidic Aluminium Chlorofluoride for Hydrofluorination Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:7314-7322. [PMID: 32315479 PMCID: PMC7318592 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The very strong Lewis acid aluminium chlorofluoride (ACF) was loaded with anhydrous HF. The interaction between the surface of the catalyst and HF was investigated using a variety of characterization methods, which revealed the formation of polyfluorides. Moreover, the reactivity of the HF-loaded ACF towards the hydrofluorination of alkynes was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Gudrun Scholz
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Svemir Rudić
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFCRutherford Appleton LaboratoryChilton, DidcotUK
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Jäger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Straße12489BerlinGermany
| | - Adam A. L. Michalchuk
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Straße12489BerlinGermany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Straße12489BerlinGermany
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45
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Appalanaidu K, Dadmal TL, Patil SM, Jagadeesh Babu N, Laxmikanth Rao J, Kumbhare RM. An Efficient One‐Shot Metal‐Free Electrophilic Fluorination of 2‐Iminothiazolidine‐4‐one. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Killari Appalanaidu
- Fluoro AgrochemicalsDivision CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - Tulshiram L. Dadmal
- Department of Chemistry Government of Maharashtra's, IsmailYusuf College, Jogeshwari (E) Mumbai 400060 India
| | - Suvarna M. Patil
- Fluoro AgrochemicalsDivision CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - N. Jagadeesh Babu
- InstitutionLaboratory of X-ray Crystallography CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - J. Laxmikanth Rao
- Dept. Of Catalysis and fine chemical CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - Ravindra M. Kumbhare
- Fluoro AgrochemicalsDivision CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
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46
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Liang Y, Zhao Z, Shibata N. Pd-catalyzed fluoro-carbonylation of aryl, vinyl, and heteroaryl iodides using 2-(difluoromethoxy)-5-nitropyridine. Commun Chem 2020; 3:59. [PMID: 36703482 PMCID: PMC9814140 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl fluorides have recently gained a lot of attention as robust and versatile synthetic tools in synthetic chemistry. While several synthetic routes to acyl fluorides have been reported, a procedure involving direct insertion of the "fluoro-carbonyl" moiety using a single reagent has not yet been realized. Here we report the preparation of acyl fluorides by palladium-catalyzed fluoro-carbonylation of aryl, vinyl, and heteroaryl iodides using 2-(difluoromethoxy)-5-nitropyridine under CO-free conditions. 2-(difluoromethoxy)-5-nitropyridine is a stable, colorless solid that can be used as an alternative to the toxic gaseous formyl fluoride, which is commonly used under fluoride catalysis conditions. A wide variety of acyl fluorides are efficiently and safely obtained in high yield (up to 99%). A broad range of functional groups is tolerated under the optimized reaction conditions and the method can be applied to the late-stage fluoro-carbonylation of structurally complex Csp2-iodides, including bioactive derivatives, such as Fenofibrate, Isoxepac, and Tocopherol. Furthermore, the one-pot transformation of aryl-iodides, including drug-like molecules, into the corresponding amides by successive fluoro-carbonylation/amidation reactions, demonstrates the potential synthetic utility of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Liang
- grid.47716.330000 0001 0656 7591Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555 Japan
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- grid.47716.330000 0001 0656 7591Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555 Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- grid.47716.330000 0001 0656 7591Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555 Japan ,grid.453534.00000 0001 2219 2654Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua, 321004 China
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47
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Reaction evolution of a solvate fluoride ionic liquid induced fluorination process probed by Raman spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Garrido-Castro AF, Gini A, Maestro MC, Alemán J. Unlocking the direct photocatalytic difluoromethylation of C[double bond, length as m-dash]N bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3769-3772. [PMID: 32129433 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01353f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study presents a direct CF2H radical addition to C[double bond, length as m-dash]N bonds predicated on the photocatalytic activation of commercially available zinc difluoromethanesulfinate. The mild conditions in place lead to impressive structural diversity, as quinoxalinones and dibenzazepines, among others, are successfully functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Gini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Maestro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - José Alemán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain. and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Alvino EL, Lochmaier EC, Iacono ST, Jennings AR. Chemoselective nucleophilic additions to perfluorocyclopentene: An efficient building block to highly fluorinated molecules. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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Deoxyfluorination with CuF
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: Enabled by Using a Lewis Base Activating Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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