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Posada Urrutia M, Dyrager C. Tuning the Emission Properties of 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazoles via Regioselective Substitution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400644. [PMID: 38619336 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) unit is a prominent building block commonly used in various research areas such as optoelectronics and bioimaging. Despite its great versatility, the development of strategies to elaborate BTD has been largely neglected, including exploring its reactivity and understanding how regioselective functionalization can be used to tune the fluorescence emission. Previous focus has primarily been on C4- or C4,C7-substitutions. Here, a series of unsymmetrical mono - and disubstituted BTDs was synthesized and characterized for their photophysical properties. The reaction scope includes all six possible substituent patterns on the BTD benzoid ring (C4-, C5-, C4,C5-, C4,C6-, C4,C7- and C5,C6-substitution), which comprise arrangements that previously been synthetically challenging to access. By introducing a methoxy and/or a phenyl group we demonstrate that the emissive behavior of BTD derivatives strongly depends on the position of the substituent (s). We show that regioselective substitution on BTD can engender long-lived fluorescence and circumvent strong fluorescence quenching in polar protic solvents, which is a limitation of many previously described BTD derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Orthogonally-tunable and ER-targeting fluorophores detect avian influenza virus early infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5841. [PMID: 36192426 PMCID: PMC9529605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based assays can monitor virus infection at a single-cell level with high sensitivity and cost-efficiency. For this purpose, it is crucial to develop molecular probes that respond selectively to physiological changes in live cells. We report stimuli-responsive light-emitters built on a T-shaped benzimidazole platform, and consecutive borylation reactions to produce a library of homologs displaying systematic changes in fluorescence quantum yield and environmental sensitivity. We find that certain fluorophores localize selectively at the endoplasmic reticulum, and interact with proteins involved in the stress signaling pathways. Notably, the mono-borylated compound responds selectively to the stress conditions by enhancing fluorescence, and detects avian influenza virus infection at the single-cell level. Our findings demonstrate the unprecedented practical utility of the stress-responsive molecular probes to differentiate cellular states for early diagnosis. Methods to detect and distinguish the early stage of viral infection often involve complicated and time-consuming protocols. Here, the authors disclose a class of fluorescent molecules that enable fast detection of avian influenza virus infection by selectively localizing at the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell.
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3
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Al-Otaibi JS, Sheena Mary Y, Shyma Mary Y, Soman S, Thirunavukkarasu M. Solvation Effects, Reactivity Studies and Molecular Dynamics of Two Phosphonic Acids – Theoretical Investigation. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2126504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamelah S. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sreejit Soman
- Stemskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad, India
| | - M. Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Physics, Indo-American College, Cheyyar, India
- Department of Physics, Thiru A Govindasamy Govt. Arts College, Tindivanam, India
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4
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Small Molecules Containing Amphoteric Imidazole Motifs as Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: An Overview. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:49. [PMID: 36123408 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic dyes, porphyrins and inorganic complexes containing imidazole (IM) motifs have been demonstrated as a new class of sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Particularly, the amphoteric nature of IM-based motifs allows them to be used as donors (D), auxiliary donors (DA), linker/branch (π), or acceptors (A) in D-π-A-based organic dyes and porphyrins and also employed as cyclometalated heteroleptic and ancillary ligands in the Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes for DSSCs. It is noteworthy that the introduction of IM chromophores in the dyes of D-π-A configuration can improve the light-harvesting properties and prohibit the charge recombination reactions due to the extension of the π-conjugated structures and hydrophobic nature. Similarly, in the case of inorganic complexes, the presence of IM motifs as ligands can improve the light-harvesting ability, give facilely tuned HOMO and LUMO energy levels, increase the charge recombination resistance and photostability. This results in enhanced photocurrent (JSC) and photovoltage (VOC) and consequently solar-to-power conversion efficiency (η) of DSSC devices based on Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes. Considering the interesting DSSC applications of IM-derived molecules, in this review, we therefore comprehensively discuss their photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties reported so far and establish their structure-activity relationship to further advance the η of DSSCs. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such a review interpreting the importance of molecules possessing IM-motifs for DSSC applications to date.
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5
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Raju S, Sheridan PE, Hauer AK, Garrett AE, McConnell DE, Thornton JA, Stokes SL, Emerson J. Cu-Catalyzed Chan-Evans-Lam Coupling reactions of 2-Nitroimidazole with Aryl boronic acids: An effort toward new bioactive agents against S. pneumoniae. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200327. [PMID: 35819995 PMCID: PMC10184775 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of phenylboronic acids with poorly-activated imidazoles is studied as a model system to explore the use of copper-catalyzed Chan-Evans-Lam (CEL) coupling for targeted C-N bond forming reactions. Optimized CEL reaction conditions are reported for four phenanthroline-based ligand systems, where the ligand 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (dafo, L2 ) with 1 molar equivalent of potassium carbonate yielded the highest reactivity. The substrate 2-Nitroimidazole (also known as azomycin) has documented antimicrobial activity against a range of microbes. Here N-arylation of 2-nitroimidazole with a range of aryl boronic acids has been successfully developed by copper(II)-catalyzed CEL reactions. Azomycin and a range of newly arylated azomycin derivatives were screened against S. pneumoniae , where 1-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-2-nitro-1H-imidazole ( 3d ) was demonstrated to have a minimal inhibition concentration value of 3.3 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Raju
- Mississippi State University, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 1115 Hand Laboratory, 39762, Mississippi State, UNITED STATES
| | - Patrick E Sheridan
- Mississippi State University, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 1115 Hand Lab, 39762, Mississippi State, UNITED STATES
| | - Alanna K Hauer
- Mississippi State University, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 1115 Hand Lab, 39762, Mississippi State, UNITED STATES
| | - Allyn E Garrett
- Mississippi State University, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 1115 Hand Lab, 39762, Mississippi State, UNITED STATES
| | - Danielle E McConnell
- Mississippi State University, Biological Sciences, Harned Hall, 39762, Mississippi State, UNITED STATES
| | - Justin A Thornton
- Mississippi State University, Biological Sciences, Harned Hall, 39762, Mississippi State, UNITED STATES
| | - Sean L Stokes
- Mississippi State University, Chemistry, 1115 Hand Lab, 39762, Mississippi State, UNITED STATES
| | - Joseph Emerson
- Mississippi State University, Chemistry, 1115 Hand Laboratory, 310 President's circle, 39762, Mississippi State, UNITED STATES
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6
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Shahid M, Chawla HM. Hydrogen bond and nucleophilicity motifs in the design of molecular probes for CN− and F− ions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Miura Y, Kobayashi K, Yoshioka N. V-shaped fluorophores with a 1-methyl-4,5-bis(arylethynyl)imidazole skeleton displaying solid-state fluorescence, acid responsiveness, and remarkable fluorescence solvatochromism. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05323f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
V-Shaped fluorophores with a 1-methyl-4,5-bis(arylethynyl)imidazole skeleton displayed both solid-state and solution fluorescence, which remarkably changed on exposure to acid vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Kotaro Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
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Kwan CS, Wang T, Chan SM, Cai Z, Leung KCF. Selective detection of sulfide in human lung cancer cells with a blue-fluorescent "ON-OFF-ON" benzimidazole-based chemosensor ensemble. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5445-5453. [PMID: 32266905 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A completely water-soluble, high quantum yield blue-fluorescent benzimidazole derivative (AQ), containing a rigid benzimidazole-thiophene structure, was synthesized. Among 21 metal ions, the fluorescence of AQ was selectively turned off by Cu2+ to form an AQ-Cu2+ ensemble. Thereafter, the fluorescence of the AQ-Cu2+ ensemble was turned on by sulfide (S2-) with high selectivity and sensitivity in pure water solution. In comparison with AQ-Ag+ and AQ-Hg2+ ensembles, AQ-Cu2+ was the only ensemble that was capable of detecting a sulfide anion. Also, the fluorescence intensity of AQ was linearly proportional to the concentration of Cu2+ and S2-. Both Cu2+ and S2- were detected within a minute in vitro. Moreover, AQ worked best in the pH range of 5-10 and had a limit of detection of 50 nM and 354 nM for Cu2+ and S2- respectively. It was employed for the detection of sulfide in human lung cancer A549 cells with low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak-Shing Kwan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
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9
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Horak E, Babić D, Vianello R, Perin N, Hranjec M, Steinberg IM. Photophysical properties and immobilisation of fluorescent pH responsive aminated benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline-6-carbonitriles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117588. [PMID: 31703991 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a systematic evaluation of 2-amino, 5-amino and 2,5-diamino substituted benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline-6-carbonitriles as novel pH probes with a potential application in pH sensing materials or as H+ fluoroionophores in bulk optode membranes. The study was carried out by varying the length, type and position of amino substituents in ten fluorescent dyes with the same benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline-6-carbonitrile core. The photophysical and acid-base properties of the dyes were investigated by the UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and interpreted by the electronic structure DFT calculations. pH sensing mechanisms and structure-property relations affecting the fluorescence response were discussed through a detailed analysis of the piperidine substituted derivatives 1-4. Push-pull donor-acceptor interactions stimulate strong fluorescence in the visible spectral range (up to Φ = 0.65 for 7) and induce significant changes in the photophysical properties associated with the acid-base equilibria (up to a 50-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity). pKa values in aqueous and mixed solutions (v/v H2O:EtOH 99:1, 50:50), appear suitable for monitoring acidic pH in solution. The most promising candidates were immobilised in thin polymer matrices by the spin coating technique to form fluorescent sensing materials - optodes, and examined as novel pH-sensitive fluoroionophores. In the liquid membrane environment, dyes exhibited significant increase of the apparent pKas by almost 4 units. Bright and blue emissive thin films showed pH response and dynamic range around pKa = 5, making them suitable for a wide range of optical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Horak
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Darko Babić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nataša Perin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Murković Steinberg
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Wang Q, Niu Y, Wang R, Wu H, Zhang Y. Acid-Induced Shift of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Responsible for Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1735-1743. [PMID: 29671954 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The significant progress recently achieved in designing smart acid-responsive materials based on intramolecular charge transfer inspired us to utilize excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) for developing a turn-on acid-responsive fluorescent system with an exceedingly large Stokes shift. Two ESIPT-active fluorophores, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine (HPP) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT), were fused into a novel dye (HBT-HPP) fluorescent only in the protonated state. Moreover, we also synthesized three structurally relevant control compounds to compare their steady-state fluorescence spectra and optimized geometric structures in neutral and acidic media. The results suggest that the fluorescence turn-on was caused by the acid-induced shift of the ESIPT-responsible intramolecular hydrogen bond from the HPP to HBT moiety. This work presents a systematic comparison of the emission efficiencies and basicity of HBT and HPP for the first time, thereby utilizing their differences to construct an acid-responsive smart organic fluorescent material. As a practical application, red fluorescent letters can be written using the acid as an ink on polymer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Niu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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11
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Wang YT, Lü LR, Tang GM. Syntheses, crystal structures and luminescent properties of two salts with 2-((1 H -imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1 H -benzimidazole. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Horak E, Vianello R, Hranjec M, Krištafor S, Zamola GK, Steinberg IM. Benzimidazole acrylonitriles as multifunctional push-pull chromophores: Spectral characterisation, protonation equilibria and nanoaggregation in aqueous solutions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 178:225-233. [PMID: 28199927 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic donor-π-acceptor molecular systems based on an N,N-dimethylamino phenylacrylonitrile benzimidazole skeleton have been characterised and are proposed for potential use in sensing applications. The benzimidazole moiety introduces a broad spectrum of useful multifunctional properties to the system including electron accepting ability, pH sensitivity and compatibility with biomolecules. The photophysical characterisation of the prototropic forms of these chromophores has been carried out in both solution and on immobilisation in polymer films. The experimental results are further supported by computational determination of pKa values. It is noticed that compound 3 forms nanoaggregates in aqueous solutions with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) at 600nm. All the systems demonstrate spectral pH sensitivity in acidic media which shifts towards near-neutral values upon immobilisation in polymer films or upon aggregation in an aqueous environment (compound 3). The structure-property relationships of these functional chromophores, involving their spectral characteristics, acid-base equilibria, pKa values and aggregation effects have been determined. Potential applications of the molecules as pH and biomolecular sensors are proposed based on their pH sensitivity and AIE properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Horak
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Svjetlana Krištafor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grace Karminski Zamola
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Murković Steinberg
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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13
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Dyrager C, Vieira RP, Nyström S, Nilsson KPR, Storr T. Synthesis and evaluation of benzothiazole-triazole and benzothiadiazole-triazole scaffolds as potential molecular probes for amyloid-β aggregation. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent scaffolds that can be easily modifiedviaclick chemistry were investigated as probes for Aβ-plaque deposits in mouse tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby
- Canada
- Department of Physics
| | - Rafael Pinto Vieira
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby
- Canada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia
| | - Sofie Nyström
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology
- Linköping University
- 581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology
- Linköping University
- 581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry
- Simon Fraser University
- Burnaby
- Canada
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14
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Liu J, Wang C, Ma X, Shi X, Wang X, Li H, Xu Q. Simple Synthesis of Benzazoles by Substrate-Promoted CuI-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclocondensation of o-Thio/Amino/Hydroxyanilines and Amines under Air. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Klikar M, Solanke P, Tydlitát J, Bureš F. Alphabet-Inspired Design of (Hetero)Aromatic Push-Pull Chromophores. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1886-905. [PMID: 27272649 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull molecules represent a unique and fascinating class of organic π-conjugated materials. Herein, we provide a summary of their recent extraordinary design inspired by letters of the alphabet, especially focusing on H-, L-, T-, V-, X-, and Y-shaped molecules. Representative structures from each class were presented and their fundamental properties and prospective applications were discussed. In particular, emphasis is given to molecules recently prepared in our laboratory with T-, X-, and Y-shaped arrangements based on indan-1,3-dione, benzene, pyridine, pyrazine, imidazole, and triphenylamine. These push-pull molecules turned out to be very efficient charge-transfer chromophores with tunable properties suitable for second-order nonlinear optics, two-photon absorption, reversible pH-induced and photochromic switching, photocatalysis, and intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Klikar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Parmeshwar Solanke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tydlitát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
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16
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Lai YL, Ye JS, Huang JM. Electrochemical Synthesis of Benzazoles from Alcohols and o
-Substituted Anilines with a Catalytic Amount of CoII
Salt. Chemistry 2016; 22:5425-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Long Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Shan Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 P. R. China
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17
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Shi X, Guo J, Liu J, Ye M, Xu Q. Unexpectedly Simple Synthesis of Benzazoles bytBuONa-Catalyzed Direct Aerobic Oxidative Cyclocondensation ofo-Thio/Hydroxy/Aminoanilines with Alcohols under Air. Chemistry 2015; 21:9988-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T. M. Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming
Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Nadia S. El-Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming
Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ognjen Š. Miljanić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming
Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Vonnegut CL, Tresca BW, Johnson DW, Haley MM. Ion and molecular recognition using aryl-ethynyl scaffolding. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:522-35. [PMID: 25586943 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aryl-ethynyl linkage has been extensively employed in the construction of hosts for a variety of guests. Uses range from ion detection (e.g., of metal cations in the environment or industrial waste and of anions prevalent in nature), to molecular mimics for biological systems, and to applications targeting future safety issues (such as CO2 capture and indicators for the manufacture of chemical weapons). This Focus Review examines the utilization of the aryl-ethynyl linkage in engineering host molecules for a variety of different guests, and how the alkyne unit plays an integral part as both a rigid scaffolding section in host geometry design as well as a linker to allow conjugative communication between discrete π-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris L Vonnegut
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253 (USA)
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20
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Lee DC, Brownell LV, Jang K, Han SJ, Robins KA. Unusual solvent-dependent photophysical and self-assembly properties of NO2 substituted T-shaped phenazines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:2457-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of NO2 substituent placement on T-shaped phenazines relative to electronic, photophysical, and organogelation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chan Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Nevada Las Vegas
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Lacie V. Brownell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Nevada Las Vegas
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Kyoungmi Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Nevada Las Vegas
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Seung Ju Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Nevada Las Vegas
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Kathleen A. Robins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Nevada Las Vegas
- Las Vegas
- USA
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21
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Inouchi T, Nakashima T, Kawai T. Acid-Base-Responsive Intense Charge-Transfer Emission in Donor-Acceptor-Conjugated Fluorophores. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2542-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Tateno K, Ogawa R, Sakamoto R, Tsuchiya M, Otani T, Saito T. Acid-Responsive Fluorescent Compounds Based on Nitro-Group-Substituted L-Shaped Pentacycles, Pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,8]naphthylidines. Org Lett 2014; 16:3212-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501226x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Tateno
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Rie Ogawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mizuho Tsuchiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Otani
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Research Center for Chirality, Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takao Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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23
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Kumpf J, Freudenberg J, Schwaebel ST, Bunz UHF. Amine Sensing with Distyrylbenzenes and Their Hexamethylene-Linked Polymers: Spraying Them On. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500486u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kumpf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Thimon Schwaebel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre of Advanced
Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Seehafer K, Bender M, Bunz UHF. Aggregation, Acidochromicity, and Metallochromicity of a Pyridine-Based Poly(aryleneethynylene). Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402615q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Seehafer
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Gong W, Gao P, Li G, Mehdi H, Ning G, Yu J. Construction of fluorescence-tunable pyrido-fused benzimidazoles via direct intramolecular C–H amination under transition-metal-free conditions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08954e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild and efficient synthetic route to fluorescence-tunable pyrido-fused benzimidazole (PBI) scaffolds has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
| | - Hassan Mehdi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
| | - Guiling Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- Dalian Luminglight Science and Technology Co., Ltd
- Dalian, China
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26
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Schwaebel T, Lirag RC, Davey EA, Lim J, Bunz UHF, Miljanić OŠ. Qualitative identification of carboxylic acids, boronic acids, and amines using cruciform fluorophores. J Vis Exp 2013:e50858. [PMID: 23995878 DOI: 10.3791/50858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cruciforms are X-shaped systems in which two conjugation axes intersect at a central core. If one axis of these molecules is substituted with electron-donors, and the other with electron-acceptors, cruciforms' HOMO will localize along the electron-rich and LUMO along the electron-poor axis. This spatial isolation of cruciforms' frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) is essential to their use as sensors, since analyte binding to the cruciform invariably changes its HOMO-LUMO gap and the associated optical properties. Using this principle, Bunz and Miljanić groups developed 1,4-distyryl-2,5-bis(arylethynyl)benzene and benzobisoxazole cruciforms, respectively, which act as fluorescent sensors for metal ions, carboxylic acids, boronic acids, phenols, amines, and anions. The emission colors observed when these cruciform are mixed with analytes are highly sensitive to the details of analyte's structure and - because of cruciforms' charge-separated excited states - to the solvent in which emission is observed. Structurally closely related species can be qualitatively distinguished within several analyte classes: (a) carboxylic acids; (b) boronic acids, and (c) metals. Using a hybrid sensing system composed from benzobisoxazole cruciforms and boronic acid additives, we were also able to discern among structurally similar: (d) small organic and inorganic anions, (e) amines, and (f) phenols. The method used for this qualitative distinction is exceedingly simple. Dilute solutions (typically 10(-6) M) of cruciforms in several off-the-shelf solvents are placed in UV/Vis vials. Then, analytes of interest are added, either directly as solids or in concentrated solution. Fluorescence changes occur virtually instantaneously and can be recorded through standard digital photography using a semi-professional digital camera in a dark room. With minimal graphic manipulation, representative cut-outs of emission color photographs can be arranged into panels which permit quick naked-eye distinction among analytes. For quantification purposes, Red/Green/Blue values can be extracted from these photographs and the obtained numeric data can be statistically processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimon Schwaebel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
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27
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Chen LH, Wu TY, Paike V, Sun CM. Palladium-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 2(2 $$^{\prime }$$ ′ -biphenyl)benzimidazoles through C–H activation. Mol Divers 2013; 17:641-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Jo M, Lim J, Miljanić OŠ. Selective and Sensitive Fluoride Detection through Alkyne Cruciform Desilylation. Org Lett 2013; 15:3518-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Jo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Jaebum Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ognjen Š. Miljanić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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29
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Takagi K, Ito Y, Kusafuka K, Sakaida M. Synthesis of green and blue fluorescent ladder-type conjugated imidazolium compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2245-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40164b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Martínez-Martínez V, Lim J, Bañuelos J, López-Arbeloa I, Miljanić OŠ. Strong intramolecular charge transfer emission in benzobisoxazole cruciforms: solvatochromic dyes as polarity indicators. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:18023-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53527d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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