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Vainauskas J, Wahrhaftig-Lewis A, Friščić T. Utilizing "Latent" Carbon: Repositioning Hydrogen-Bonded Synthons and Assemblies via Halogen Bonding to π-Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408053. [PMID: 38779788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Molecules bearing carboxylic acid, amide, and hydroxyl groups are ubiquitous in crystal engineering, where robust hydrogen-bonded synthons centred on these functionalities enable reliable crystal structure design. We now show that halogen bonding to the carbon π-system of such molecules, traditionally ignored in crystal engineering, permits the recognition and directional assembly of the resulting hydrogen-bonded structural subunits, leaving the archetypal hydrogen-bonded ring, ladder, and chain homosynthons intact, but repositioned in space. When applied to heteromolecular synthons, this enables rearranging more complex hydrogen-bonded motifs and the evolution of binary cocrystals into ternary ones through "latent" carbon-based recognition sites, demonstrating a rational approach to build higher-order solid-state supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogirdas Vainauskas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3 A 0B8, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3 A 0B8, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Haneef J, Ali S. Multicomponent Amorphous Solid Forms of Telmisartan: Insights into Mechanochemical Activation and Physicochemical Attributes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:84. [PMID: 38605282 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to explore the new solid forms of telmisartan (TEL) with alpha-ketoglutaric acid (KGA) and glutamic acid (GA) as potential coformers using mechanochemical approach and their role in augmentation in physicochemical parameters over pure crystalline TEL. Mechanochemical synthesis was performed using 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of TEL and the selected coformers in the presence of catalytic amount of ethanol for 1 h. The ground product was characterized by PXRD, DSC, and FTIR. The new solid forms were evaluated for apparent solubility, intrinsic dissolution, and physical stability. Preliminary characterization revealed the amorphization of the mechanochemical product as an alternate outcome of cocrystallization screening. Mechanistic understanding of the amorphous phase highlights the formation of amorphous-mediated cocrystallization that involves three steps, viz., molecular recognition, intermediate amorphous phase, and product nucleation. The solubility curves of both multicomponent amorphous solid forms (TEL-KGA and TEL-GA) showed the spring-parachute effect and revealed significant augmentation in apparent solubility (8-10-folds), and intrinsic dissolution release (6-9-folds) as compared to the pure drug. Besides, surface anisotropy and differential elemental distributions in intrinsic dissolution compacts of both solid forms were confirmed by FESEM and EDX mapping. Therefore, amorphous phases prepared from mechanochemical synthesis can serve as a potential solid form for the investigation of a cocrystal through amorphous-mediated cocrystallization. This has greater implications in solubility kinetics wherein the rapid precipitation of the amorphous phase can be prevented by the metastable cocrystal phase and contribute to the significant augmentation in the physicochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Haneef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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3
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Silva IDA, Bartalucci E, Bolm C, Wiegand T. Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Mechanochemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304092. [PMID: 37407000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years it is shown that mechanochemical strategies can be beneficial in directed conversions of organic compounds. Finding new reactions proved difficult, and due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical reaction events, respective efforts have mostly remained empirical. Spectroscopic techniques are crucial in shedding light on these questions. In this overview, the opportunities and challenges of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the field of organic mechanochemistry are discussed. After a brief discussion of the basics of high-resolution solid-state NMR under magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions, seven opportunities for solid-state NMR in the field of organic mechanochemistry are presented, ranging from ex situ approaches to structurally elucidated reaction products obtained by milling to the potential and limitations of in situ solid-state NMR approaches. Particular strengths of solid-state NMR, for instance in differentiating polymorphs, in NMR-crystallographic structure-determination protocols, or in detecting weak noncovalent interactions in molecular-recognition events employing proton-detected solid-state NMR experiments at fast MAS frequencies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Bartalucci
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Aeindartehran L, Lefton JB, Burleson J, Unruh DK, Runčevski T. Soluble thiabendazolium salts with anthelminthic properties. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123516. [PMID: 37863447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Thiabendazole is an anthelmintic drug used to treat strongyloidiasis (threadworm), cutaneous and visceral larva migrans, trichinosis, and other parasites. The active pharmaceutical ingredient is typically administered orally as tablets that should be chewed before swallowing. Current formulations combine the active ingredient with excipients, including sodium saccharinate as a sweetener. Thiabendazole's low aqueous solubility hinders fast dissolution and absorption through the mucous membranes. We sought to reformulate this medicine to improve both solubility and palatability. We utilized the possibility of protonation of the azole nitrogen atom and selected four different hydrogen donors: saccharin, fumaric, maleic, and oxalic acids. Solvothermal synthesis resulted in salts with each co-former, whereas neat and liquid-assisted grinding enabled the synthesis of additional formulations. Product formation was observed by powder X-ray diffraction. To better understand the structural basis of the proton transfer, we solved the crystal structures of the salts with saccharin, maleic acid, and oxalic acid using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of the salt with fumaric acid was solved by powder X-ray diffraction. We further characterized the salts with vibrational spectroscopic and thermoanalytical methods. We report a broad tunability of the aqueous solubility of thiabendazole by salt formation. Reformulation with maleic acid provided a 60-fold increase in solubility, while saccharin and oxalic acid gave a modest improvement. Fumaric acid resulted in a solid with only slightly higher solubility. Furthermore, saccharin is a sweetener, while the acids taste sour. Therefore, the salts formed also result in an intrinsic improvement of palatability. These results can inform new strategies for oral and chewable tablet formulations for treating helminthic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Aeindartehran
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA
| | - Jonathan B Lefton
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA
| | - Jewel Burleson
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- MATFab Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tomče Runčevski
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA.
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5
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Julien PA, Arhangelskis M, Germann LS, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Morris AJ, Friščić T. Illuminating milling mechanochemistry by tandem real-time fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy monitoring. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12121-12132. [PMID: 37969588 PMCID: PMC10631231 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of accessible and interpretable methods for direct and real-time observation of mechanochemical reactions, we demonstrate a tandem spectroscopic method for monitoring of ball-milling transformations combining fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy, accompanied by high-level molecular and periodic density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, including periodic time-dependent (TD-DFT) modelling of solid-state fluorescence spectra. This proof-of-principle report presents this readily accessible dual-spectroscopy technique as capable of observing changes to the supramolecular structure of the model pharmaceutical system indometacin during mechanochemical polymorph transformation and cocrystallisation. The observed time-resolved in situ spectroscopic and kinetic data are supported by ex situ X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. The application of first principles (ab initio) calculations enabled the elucidation of how changes in crystalline environment, that result from mechanochemical reactions, affect vibrational and electronic excited states of molecules. The herein explored interpretation of both real-time and ex situ spectroscopic data through ab initio calculations provides an entry into developing a detailed mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical milling processes and highlights the challenges of using real-time spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada 13 General Crerar Crescent K7K 7B4 Kingston Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura St. 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Luzia S Germann
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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6
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Dmour I, Taha MO. Tableting-induced mechanochemical matrix crosslinking: Towards non-disintegrating chitosan-based sustained delivery tablets. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023; 86:104696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
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7
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Buikin P, Vologzhanina A, Novikov R, Dorovatovskii P, Korlyukov A. Abiraterone Acetate Complexes with Biometals: Synthesis, Characterization in Solid and Solution, and the Nature of Chemical Bonding. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2180. [PMID: 37765151 PMCID: PMC10535913 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate (AbirAc) is the most used steroidal therapeutic agent for treatment of prostate cancer. The mainly hydrophobic molecular surface of AbirAc results in its poor solubility and plays an important role for retention of abiraterone in the cavity of the receptor formed by peptide chains and heme fragments. In order to evaluate the hydrolytic stability of AbirAc, to modify its solubility by formation of new solid forms and to model bonding of this medication with the heme, a series of d-metal complexes with AbirAc was obtained. AbirAc remains stable in water, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and ethanol, and readily interacts with dications as a terminal ligand to create discrete complexes, including [FePC(AbirAc)2] and [ZnTPP(AbirAc)] (H2PC = phthalocyanine and H2TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrine) models for ligand-receptor bonding. In reactions with silver(I) nitrate, AbirAc acts as a bridge ligand. Energies of chemical bonding between AbirAc and these cations vary from 97 to 235 kJ mol-1 and exceed those between metal atoms and water molecules. This can be indicative of the ability of abiraterone to replace solvent molecules in the coordination sphere of biometals in living cells, although the model [ZnTPP] complex remains stable in CDCl3, CD2Cl2, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2 solvents and decomposes in polar dimethylsulfoxide-d6 and methanol-d4 solvents, as follows from the 1H DOSY spectra. Dynamics of its behavior in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2 were studied by ROESY and NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Buikin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Vologzhanina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Roman Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Alexander Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
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8
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Ma P, Toussaint B, Roberti EA, Scornet N, Santos Silva A, Castillo Henríquez L, Cadasse M, Négrier P, Massip S, Dufat H, Hammad K, Baraldi C, Gamberini MC, Richard C, Veesler S, Espeau P, Lee T, Corvis Y. New Lidocaine-Based Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: Preparation, Characterization, and Influence of the Racemic vs. Enantiopure Coformer on the Physico-Chemical Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041102. [PMID: 37111588 PMCID: PMC10142540 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the preparation, characterization, and influence of the enantiopure vs. racemic coformer on the physico-chemical properties of a pharmaceutical cocrystal. For that purpose, two new 1:1 cocrystals, namely lidocaine:dl-menthol and lidocaine:d-menthol, were prepared. The menthol racemate-based cocrystal was evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman, thermal analysis, and solubility experiments. The results were exhaustively compared with the first menthol-based pharmaceutical cocrystal, i.e., lidocaine:l-menthol, discovered in our group 12 years ago. Furthermore, the stable lidocaine/dl-menthol phase diagram has been screened, thoroughly evaluated, and compared to the enantiopure phase diagram. Thus, it has been proven that the racemic vs. enantiopure coformer leads to increased solubility and improved dissolution of lidocaine due to the low stable form induced by menthol molecular disorder in the lidocaine:dl-menthol cocrystal. To date, the 1:1 lidocaine:dl-menthol cocrystal is the third menthol-based pharmaceutical cocrystal, after the 1:1 lidocaine:l-menthol and the 1:2 lopinavir:l-menthol cocrystals reported in 2010 and 2022, respectively. Overall, this study shows promising potential for designing new materials with both improved characteristics and functional properties in the fields of pharmaceutical sciences and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Ma
- CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Balthazar Toussaint
- CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
- Département Recherche et Développement Pharmaceutique (DRDP), Agence générale des Équipements et Produits de Santé, AP-HP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Enrica Angela Roberti
- CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Noémie Scornet
- CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Axel Santos Silva
- CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Luis Castillo Henríquez
- CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Monique Cadasse
- Département Physico-Chimie du Médicament, Unité Pédagogique de Chimie Analytique, Physique et Toxicologie, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Négrier
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d’Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Stéphane Massip
- CNRS, INSERM, IECB, Université de Bordeaux, UAR 3033, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hanh Dufat
- CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8038, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Karim Hammad
- CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8038, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Baraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Cyrille Richard
- CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Veesler
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, CINaM (Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanosciences de Marseille), Campus de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Espeau
- CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Tu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Yohann Corvis
- CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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9
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Wohlgemuth M, Mayer M, Rappen M, Schmidt F, Saure R, Grätz S, Borchardt L. From Inert to Catalytically Active Milling Media: Galvanostatic Coating for Direct Mechanocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212694. [PMID: 36098910 PMCID: PMC9828539 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The inert milling balls, commonly utilized in mechanochemical reactions, were coated with a layer of Pd and utilized as catalyst in the direct mechanocatalytic Suzuki reaction. With high yields (>80 %), the milling balls can be recycled multiple times in the absence of any solvents, ligands, catalyst-molecules and -powders, while utilizing as little as 0.8 mg of Pd per coated milling ball. The coating sequence, the support material, and the layer thickness were examined towards archiving high catalyst retention, low abrasion and high conversion. The approach was transferred to the coating of milling vessels revealing the interplay between catalytically available surface area and the mechanical energy impact in direct mechanocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wohlgemuth
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Maike Mayer
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Marisol Rappen
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Fabian Schmidt
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Roman Saure
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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10
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Zotova J, Twamley B, Tajber L. Impact of the Dicarboxylic Acid Chain Length on Intermolecular Interactions with Lidocaine. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2980-2991. [PMID: 35850530 PMCID: PMC9346613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acid-base multicomponent systems have become a popular choice as a strategy to fine-tune the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Current prediction tools based on the principles of anticrystal engineering cannot always accurately predict the nature of intermolecular interactions within a multicomponent system. Even small changes in the physicochemical parameters of parent components can result in unexpected outcomes, and many salt, cocrystal, and ionic liquid forms are still being discovered empirically. In this work, we aimed to establish structural consistency in a series of mixtures comprising lidocaine (LID) with decanedioic, undecanedioic, dodecanedioic, and tridecanedioic acids and to explore how length and flexibility of the acid carbon backbone affect the molecular recognition, crystallization, and thermal behavior of the expected binary systems. We found that neat grinding of LID with dicarboxylic acids results in the formation of eutectic phases. The observed eutectic melting points deviated from the ideal eutectic temperatures predicted by the Schroeder van Laar model because of hydrogen bonding between the reacting components within the mixtures. Furthermore, thermal and infrared analysis provided evidence for the possible formation of new phases stemming from partial ionization of the counterions. Besides, the structure of a previously undetermined form I of the tridecanedioic acid was solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julija Zotova
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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11
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Liu L, Wang JR, Mei X. Enhancing the stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients by the cocrystal strategy. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystal strategies to achieve excellent physiochemical performance under different environmental stress were highlighted here. The lattice energy and the energy barrier of degradation reactions are two pillars in a stable cocrystal construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Rong Wang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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12
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Garg M, Singh MK, Koli SM, Sreedhar B, Ramakrishna S, Nanubolu JB. Crystalline salts of a diuretic drug torasemide with improved solubility and dissolution properties. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00383j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel pharmaceutical crystalline salts of a diuretic drug torasemide with improved solubility and dissolution profiles are disclosed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Garg
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India
| | - Mayank K. Singh
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India
| | - Saylee Manohar Koli
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India
| | - Bojja Sreedhar
- Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sistla Ramakrishna
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, Department of Analytical & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110025, India
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13
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Adassooriya NM, Mahanta SP, Thakuria R. Mechanochemistry as an Emerging Tool for Preparation of Sustained Release Urea Cocrystals as a Nitrogen Source. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01713f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As the global community facing serious challenges such as increasing population and shrinking cultivation land that will raise an issue regarding sufficient food demand; a 70–100% expansion in global food...
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14
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André V, Duarte MT, Gomes CSB, Sarraguça MC. Mechanochemistry in Portugal-A Step towards Sustainable Chemical Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 27:241. [PMID: 35011471 PMCID: PMC8746420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, publications with mechanochemical methods date back to 2009, with the report on mechanochemical strategies for the synthesis of metallopharmaceuticals. Since then, mechanochemical applications have grown in Portugal, spanning several fields, mainly crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, and organic and inorganic chemistry. The area with the most increased development is the synthesis of multicomponent crystal forms, with several groups synthesizing solvates, salts, and cocrystals in which the main objective was to improve physical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. Recently, non-crystalline materials, such as ionic liquids and amorphous solid dispersions, have also been studied using mechanochemical methods. An area that is in expansion is the use of mechanochemical synthesis of bioinspired metal-organic frameworks with an emphasis in antibiotic coordination frameworks. The use of mechanochemistry for catalysis and organic and inorganic synthesis has also grown due to the synthetic advantages, ease of synthesis, scalability, sustainability, and, in the majority of cases, the superior properties of the synthesized materials. It can be easily concluded that mechanochemistry is expanding in Portugal in diverse research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (IST-ID), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Teresa Duarte
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mafalda C. Sarraguça
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Fael H, Barbas R, Prohens R, Ràfols C, Fuguet E. Synthesis and Characterization of a New Norfloxacin/Resorcinol Cocrystal with Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution Profile. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:49. [PMID: 35056945 PMCID: PMC8778133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new cocrystal of Norfloxacin, a poorly soluble fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been synthetized by a solvent-mediated transformation experiment in toluene, using resorcinol as a coformer. The new cocrystal exists in both anhydrous and monohydrate forms with the same (1:1) Norfloxacin/resorcinol stoichiometry. The solubility of Norfloxacin and the hydrated cocrystal were determined by the shake-flask method. While Norfloxacin has a solubility of 0.32 ± 0.02 mg/mL, the cocrystal has a solubility of 2.64 ± 0.39 mg/mL, approximately 10-fold higher. The dissolution rate was tested at four biorelevant pH levels of the gastrointestinal tract: 2.0, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.4. In a first set of comparative tests, the dissolution rate of Norfloxacin and the cocrystal was determined separately at each pH value. Both solid forms showed the highest dissolution rate at pH 2.0, where Norfloxacin is totally protonated. Then, the dissolution rate decreases as pH increases. In a second set of experiments, the dissolution of the cocrystal was evaluated by a unique dissolution test, in which the pH dynamically changed from 2.0 to 7.4, stepping 30 min at each of the four biorelevant pH values. Results were quite different in this case, since dissolution at pH 2 affects the behavior of Norfloxacin at the rest of the pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Fael
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1–11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Rafael Barbas
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Clara Ràfols
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1–11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Elisabet Fuguet
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1–11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.F.); (C.R.)
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16
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Acebedo-Martínez FJ, Alarcón-Payer C, Frontera A, Barbas R, Prohens R, Di Crisci M, Domínguez-Martín A, Gómez-Morales J, Choquesillo-Lazarte D. Novel Polymorphic Cocrystals of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Niflumic Acid: Expanding the Pharmaceutical Landscape. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122140. [PMID: 34959421 PMCID: PMC8706418 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Any time the pharmaceutical industry develops a new drug, potential polymorphic events must be thoroughly described, because in a crystalline pharmaceutical solid, different arrangements of the same active pharmaceutical ingredient can yield to very different physicochemical properties that might be crucial for its efficacy, such as dissolution, solubility, or stability. Polymorphism in cocrystal formulation cannot be neglected, either. In this work, two different cocrystal polymorphs of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid and caffeine are reported. They have been synthesized by mechanochemical methods and thoroughly characterized in solid-state by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction respectively, as well as other techniques such as thermal analyses, infrared spectroscopy and computational methods. Both theoretical and experimental results are in agreement, confirming a conformational polymorphism. The polymorph NIF-CAF Form I exhibits improved solubility and dissolution rate compared to NIF-CAF Form II, although Form II is significantly more stable than Form I. The conditions needed to obtain these polymorphs and their transition have been carefully characterized, revealing an intricate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Acebedo-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Avda. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain; (F.J.A.-M.); (M.D.C.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Carolina Alarcón-Payer
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Rafael Barbas
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (A.D.-M.); (D.C.-L.)
| | - Milena Di Crisci
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Avda. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain; (F.J.A.-M.); (M.D.C.); (J.G.-M.)
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alicia Domínguez-Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (A.D.-M.); (D.C.-L.)
| | - Jaime Gómez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Avda. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain; (F.J.A.-M.); (M.D.C.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Duane Choquesillo-Lazarte
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Avda. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain; (F.J.A.-M.); (M.D.C.); (J.G.-M.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (A.D.-M.); (D.C.-L.)
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17
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Chow CF, Lam CS, Lau KC, Gong CB. Waste-to-Energy: Production of Fuel Gases from Plastic Wastes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213672. [PMID: 34771229 PMCID: PMC8588166 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new mechanochemical method was developed to convert polymer wastes, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to fuel gases (H2, CH4, and CO) under ball-milling with KMnO4 at room temperature. By using various solid-state characterizations (XPS, SEM, EDS, FTIR, and NMR), and density functional theory calculations, it was found that the activation followed the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism. Two metal oxidant molecules were found to abstract two separate hydrogen atoms from the α-CH and β-CH units of substrates, [-βCH2-αCH(R)-]n, where R = H in PE, R = γCH3 in PP, and R = Cl in PVC, resulting in a di-radical, [-βCH•-αC•(R)-]. Subsequently, the two unpaired electrons of the di-radical were recombined into an alkene intermediate, [-βCH = αC(R)-], which underwent further oxidation to produce H2, CH4, and CO gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Fai Chow
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-29487671
| | - Chow-Shing Lam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (C.-S.L.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (C.-S.L.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Cheng-Bin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
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Chowhan B, Kour J, Gupta M, Paul S. Green Synthesis of Bis(pyrazol‐5‐ole) and Pyrazolopyranopyrimidine Derivatives through Mechanochemistry Using Chitosan as a Biodegradable Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Chowhan
- Department of Chemistry University of Jammu Jammu 180006 India
| | - Jaspreet Kour
- Department of Chemistry University of Jammu Jammu 180006 India
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry University of Jammu Jammu 180006 India
| | - Satya Paul
- Department of Chemistry University of Jammu Jammu 180006 India
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19
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Fetrow TV, Daly SR. Mechanochemical synthesis and structural analysis of trivalent lanthanide and uranium diphenylphosphinodiboranates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11472-11484. [PMID: 34346459 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01932e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphinodiboranates (H3BPR2BH3-) are a class of borohydrides that have merited a reputation as weakly coordinating anions, which is attributed in part to the dearth of coordination complexes known with transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. We recently reported how K(H3BPtBu2BH3) exhibits sluggish salt elimination reactivity with f-metal halides in organic solvents such as Et2O and THF. Here we report how this reactivity appears to be further attenuated in solution when the tBu groups attached to phosphorus are exchanged for R = Ph or H, and we describe how mechanochemistry was used to overcome limited solution reactivity with K(H3BPPh2BH3). Grinding three equivalents of K(H3BPPh2BH3) with UI3(THF)4 or LnI3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd) allowed homoleptic complexes with the empirical formulas U(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (1), Ce(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (2), Pr(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (3), and Nd(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (4) to be prepared and subsequently crystallized in good yields (50-80%). Single-crystal XRD studies revealed that all four complexes exist as dimers or coordination polymers in the solid-state, whereas 1H and 11B NMR spectra showed that they exist as a mixture of monomers and dimers in solution. Treating 4 with THF breaks up the dimer to yield the monomeric complex Nd(H3BPPh2BH3)3(THF)3 (4-THF). XRD studies revealed that 4-THF has one chelating and two dangling H3BPPh2BH3- ligands bound to the metal to accommodate binding of THF. In contrast to the results with K(H3BPPh2BH3), attempting the same mechanochemical reactions with Na(H3BPH2BH3) containing the simplest phosphinodiboranate were unsuccessful; only the partial metathesis product U(H3BPH2BH3)I2(THF)3 (5) was isolated in poor yields. Despite these limitations, our results offer new examples showing how mechanochemistry can be used to rapidly synthesize molecular coordination complexes that are otherwise difficult to prepare using more traditional solution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor V Fetrow
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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20
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Pérez-Venegas M, Juaristi E. Mechanoenzymology: State of the Art and Challenges towards Highly Sustainable Biocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2682-2688. [PMID: 33882180 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global awareness of the importance of developing environmentally friendlier and more sustainable methods for the synthesis of valuable chemical compounds has led to the design of novel synthetic strategies, involving bio- and organocatalysis as well as the application of novel efficient and ground-breaking technologies such as present-day solvent-free mechanochemistry. In this regard, the evaluation of biocatalytic protocols mediated by the combination of mechanical activation and enzymatic catalysis has recently attracted the attention of the chemical community. Such mechanoenzymatic strategy represents an innovative and promising "green" approach in chemical synthesis that poses nevertheless new paradigms regarding the relative resilience of biomolecules to the mechanochemical stress and to the apparent high energy, at least in so-called hot-spots, during the milling process. Herein, relevant comments on the conceptualization of such mechanoenzymatic approach as a sustainable option in chemical synthesis, recent progress in the area, and associated challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez-Venegas
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Chemistry Department Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional, Luis González Obregón # 23, Centro Histórico, 06020, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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21
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Obtaining Cocrystals by Reaction Crystallization Method: Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060898. [PMID: 34204318 PMCID: PMC8234160 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocrystals have gained attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to improve solubility, stability, in vitro dissolution rate, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Conceptually, cocrystals are multicomponent solids that contain two or more neutral molecules in stoichiometric amounts within the same crystal lattice. There are several techniques for obtaining cocrystals described in the literature; however, the focus of this article is the Reaction Crystallization Method (RCM). This method is based on the generation of a supersaturated solution with respect to the cocrystal, while this same solution is saturated or unsaturated with respect to the components of the cocrystal individually. The advantages of the RCM compared with other cocrystallization techniques include the ability to form cocrystals without crystallization of individual components, applicability to the development of in situ techniques for the screening of high quality cocrystals, possibility of large-scale production, and lower cost in both time and materials. An increasing number of scientific studies have demonstrated the use of RCM to synthesize cocrystals, mainly for drugs belonging to class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. The promising results obtained by RCM have demonstrated the applicability of the method for obtaining pharmaceutical cocrystals that improve the biopharmaceutical characteristics of drugs.
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22
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Su W, Polyakov NE, Xu W, Su W. Preparation of astaxanthin micelles self-assembled by a mechanochemical method from hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin and glyceryl monostearate with enhanced antioxidant activity. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120799. [PMID: 34126176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to overcome the current challenges in the application of natural carotenoid antioxidants, such as their complex preparation processes, low bioavailability and poor drug stability. Herein, a mechanochemical method was used to prepare an inclusion complex (IC) that self-assembles into micelles in aqueous solution and achieves solid-phase loading of astaxanthin (AST). The NMR analysis, thermodynamics study, particle size analysis and electron microscopy image results showed that AST, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS) formed self-assembled micelles and maintained good stability in aqueous solution. The antioxidant performance experiments showed that the formation of IC increases free radical scavenging activity. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that the bioavailability of the astaxanthin inclusion complex increased 4-fold. The tissue distribution experiments showed that the astaxanthin inclusion complex targets the liver to exert its antioxidant effects. The proposed method uses an innovative preparation technology to produce an efficient drug delivery system without solvents, and it exerts powerful antioxidant activity against astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Wenhao Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
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23
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Garg U, Azim Y. Challenges and opportunities of pharmaceutical cocrystals: a focused review on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:705-721. [PMID: 34124670 PMCID: PMC8152597 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of the review is to discuss the relevant and essential aspects of pharmaceutical cocrystals in both academia and industry with an emphasis on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although cocrystals have been prepared for a plethora of drugs, NSAID cocrystals are focused due to their humongous application in different fields of medication such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiplatelet, antitumor, and anti-carcinogenic drugs. The highlights of the review are (a) background of cocrystals and other solid forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) based on the principles of crystal engineering, (b) why cocrystals are an excellent opportunity in the pharma industry, (c) common methods of preparation of cocrystals from the lab scale to bulk quantity, (d) some latest case studies of NSAIDs which have shown better physicochemical properties for example; mechanical properties (tabletability), hydration, solubility, bioavailability, and permeability, and (e) latest guidelines of the US FDA and EMA opening new opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Garg
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Yasser Azim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 Uttar Pradesh India
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Solares-Briones M, Coyote-Dotor G, Páez-Franco JC, Zermeño-Ortega MR, de la O Contreras CM, Canseco-González D, Avila-Sorrosa A, Morales-Morales D, Germán-Acacio JM. Mechanochemistry: A Green Approach in the Preparation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:790. [PMID: 34070646 PMCID: PMC8228148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is considered an alternative attractive greener approach to prepare diverse molecular compounds and has become an important synthetic tool in different fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and material science) since is considered an ecofriendly procedure that can be carried out under solvent free conditions or in the presence of minimal quantities of solvent (catalytic amounts). Being able to substitute, in many cases, classical solution reactions often requiring significant amounts of solvents. These sustainable methods have had an enormous impact on a great variety of chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic synthesis, metal complexes formation, preparation of multicomponent pharmaceutical solid forms, etc. In this sense, we are interested in highlighting the advantages of mechanochemical methods on the obtaining of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Hence, in this review, we describe and discuss the relevance of mechanochemical procedures in the formation of multicomponent solid forms focusing on pharmaceutical cocrystals. Additionally, at the end of this paper, we collect a chronological survey of the most representative scientific papers reporting the mechanochemical synthesis of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizraín Solares-Briones
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Guadalupe Coyote-Dotor
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - José C. Páez-Franco
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Miriam R. Zermeño-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Carmen Myriam de la O Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Daniel Canseco-González
- CONACYT-Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, Texcoco de Mora, C.P. 56230, Mexico;
| | - Alcives Avila-Sorrosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
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25
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Xu W, Su W, Xue Z, Pu F, Xie Z, Jin K, Polyakov NE, Dushkin AV, Su W. Research on Preparation of 5-ASA Colon-Specific Hydrogel Delivery System without Crosslinking Agent by Mechanochemical Method. Pharm Res 2021; 38:693-706. [PMID: 33754258 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to overcome the challenges of the current oral targeted drug delivery system, such as the complex preparation process, poor biocompatibility, and delayed drug release. METHODS Here, a non-covalent polymer hydrogel was prepared using the mechanochemical method, and the solid phase loading of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) was realized. RESULTS The results obtained from the thermodynamics study, particle size analysis, and electron microscopy show that chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) form a pH-sensitive hydrogel under the mechanochemical force and also maintain good stability in aqueous solution. Fluorescent tracers study showed that the pH-sensitive hydrogel could achieve the targeted drug release in the colon and the retention time was over 12 h. Next, in vivo efficacy studies, change in mice body weight, DAI (disease activity index) score, thymus, and spleen index, and the diseased state of the mice colon revealed that the pH-sensitive hydrogel is an improved drug delivery system over 5-ASA API commercial preparations as observed in the efficacy and toxicological studies. CONCLUSION This method uses an innovative preparation technology that without the need of cross-linking agent to produce an efficient colon-targeted drug delivery system for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhencheng Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Faxiang Pu
- Zhejiang Suichang Limin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Suichang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangfu Xie
- Zhejiang Suichang Limin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Suichang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongliang Jin
- Zhejiang Suichang Limin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Suichang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Alexander V Dushkin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Du R, Xu J, Li J, Zhang L, Ning L, Li S. Pharmaceutical salt and salt hydrates of vortioxetine with sulfonic acid to ameliorate the solubility and hygroscopicity via the charge-assisted hydrogen bond assembly. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt forms of vortioxetine (VOT) with three sulfonic acids have been designed and prepared in 1 : 1 stoichiometry ratio, and their crystal structures and physicochemical properties have also been characterized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkai Du
- MOE International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- MOE International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Ning
- National Research Institute for Family Planning
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Li
- MOE International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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27
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Zábranský M, Alves PC, Bravo C, Duarte MT, André V. From pipemidic acid molecular salts to metal complexes and BioMOFs using mechanochemistry. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01533d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry has proven to be an excellent sustainable, efficient and fast tool for the discovery of new crystal forms of old drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zábranský
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paula C. Alves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (IST-ID), Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bravo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (IST-ID), Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Teresa Duarte
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (IST-ID), Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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28
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Interconvertible Hydrochlorothiazide–Caffeine Multicomponent Pharmaceutical Materials: A Solvent Issue. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of new multicomponent pharmaceutical materials that involve different active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), e.g., drug-drug cocrystals, is a novel and interesting approach to address new therapeutic challenges. In this work, the hydrochlorothiazide-caffeine (HCT–CAF) codrug and its methanol solvate have been synthesized by mechanochemical methods and thoroughly characterized in the solid state by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively, as well as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses and infrared spectroscopy. In addition, solubility and stability studies have also been performed looking for improved physicochemical properties of the codrug. Interestingly, the two reported structures show great similarity, which allows conversion between them. The desolvated HCT–CAF cocrystal shows great stability at 24 h and an enhancement of solubility with respect to the reference HCT API. Furthermore, the contribution of intermolecular forces on the improved physicochemical properties was evaluated by computational methods showing strong and diverse H-bond and π–π stacking interactions.
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29
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Sović I, Lukin S, Meštrović E, Halasz I, Porcheddu A, Delogu F, Ricci PC, Caron F, Perilli T, Dogan A, Colacino E. Mechanochemical Preparation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Monitored by In Situ Raman Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28663-28672. [PMID: 33195919 PMCID: PMC7658942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanochemical preparation of silver sulfadiazine and dantrolene, two marketed active pharmaceutical ingredients, was investigated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. For the first time, the mechanochemical transformations involving highly fluorescent compounds could be studied in situ with a high-resolution Raman system combined with a unique suitable Raman probe. Moreover, the kinetic features of the mechanochemical process were examined by a mathematical model allowing to describe the chemical changes under mechanical stress. This approach is promising both to broaden the scope of Raman in situ investigations that would otherwise be impossible and for process optimization at any scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Sović
- Ruđer
Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer
Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Xellia
Pharmaceuticals, Slavonska
avenija 24/6, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer
Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Department of Mechanical,
Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of
Cagliari, via Marengo
2, Cagliari 09123, Italy
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella
Universitaria, SS 554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Fabien Caron
- Endress+Hauser
Process Analysis Support, Saint-Priest 69800, France
| | - Thomas Perilli
- Endress+Hauser
Process Analysis Support, Saint-Priest 69800, France
| | - Anita Dogan
- Endress+Hauser
d.o.o., Zagreb 10020, Croatia
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30
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Dudek MK, Śniechowska J, Wróblewska A, Kaźmierski S, Potrzebowski MJ. Cocrystals "Divorce and Marriage": When a Binary System Meets an Active Multifunctional Synthon in a Ball Mill. Chemistry 2020; 26:13264-13273. [PMID: 32567718 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A well-defined and stable "AB" binary system in the presence of "C" a crystalline synthon ground in a ball mill undergoes selective transformation in the solid state according to the equation AB+C→AC+B. When the amount of C is increased two times then the equation AB+2C→AC+BC is valid. The other variants are more complex. The pathway BC+A is allowed and leads to the AC and B products. The pathway AC+B is not preferred, and no transformation is observed. These non-obvious correlations were observed for cocrystal of barbituric acid (BA):thiobarbituric acid (TBA) recently reported by Shemchuk et al. (Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 11815-11818) in the presence of 1-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-imidazole 3-oxide (HIMO). This synthon shows high affinity for the BA0.5 TBA0.5 cocrystal as well for its individual components, BA and TBA. Single-quantum, double-quantum (SQ-DQ) 2D 1 H very fast MAS NMR with a spinning rate of 60 kHz was employed as a basic and most diagnostic tool for the study of cocrystals transformations. Analysis of the experimental data was supported by theoretical calculations, including computation of the stabilization energy, Estab , defined as the energy difference between the energy of a co-crystal and the sum of the energies of particular components in the respective stoichiometric ratios. Two mechanisms of synthon replacement have been proposed. Pathway 1 assumes a concerted mechanism of substitution. In this approach, synthon attack is synchronized in time with the departure of one of the components of the binary system. Pathway 2 implies a non-concerted process, with an intermediate stage in which three separate components are present. Evidence suggesting a preference for Pathway 2 is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K Dudek
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Justyna Śniechowska
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kaźmierski
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek J Potrzebowski
- Division of Structural Studies, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
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31
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Recent Advances on Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators and (Photo) Redox Initiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10090953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes are used in numerous chemical and photochemical processes in organic chemistry. Metal complexes have not been excluded from the interest of polymerists to convert liquid resins into solid materials. If iridium complexes have demonstrated their remarkable photochemical reactivity in polymerization, their high costs and their attested toxicities have rapidly discarded these complexes for further developments. Conversely, copper complexes are a blooming field of research in (photo) polymerization due to their low cost, easy syntheses, long-living excited state lifetimes, and their remarkable chemical and photochemical stabilities. Copper complexes can also be synthesized in solution and by mechanochemistry, paving the way towards the synthesis of photoinitiators by Green synthetic approaches. In this review, an overview of the different copper complexes reported to date is presented. Copper complexes are versatile candidates for polymerization, as these complexes are now widely used not only in photopolymerization, but also in redox and photoassisted redox polymerization processes.
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32
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Araya-Sibaja AM, Fandaruff C, Wilhelm K, Vega-Baudrit JR, Guillén-Girón T, Navarro-Hoyos M. Crystal Engineering to Design of Solids: From Single to Multicomponent Organic Materials. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190430153231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Primarily composed of organic molecules, pharmaceutical materials, including drugs and
excipients, frequently exhibit physicochemical properties that can affect the formulation, manufacturing
and packing processes as well as product performance and safety. In recent years, researchers
have intensively developed Crystal Engineering (CE) in an effort to reinvent bioactive molecules
with well-known, approved pharmacological effects. In general, CE aims to improve the physicochemical
properties without affecting their intrinsic characteristics or compromising their stability.
CE involves the molecular recognition of non-covalent interactions, in which organic materials are
responsible for the regular arrangement of molecules into crystal lattices. Modern CE, encompasses
all manipulations that result in the alteration of crystal packing as well as methods that disrupt crystal
lattices or reduce the size of crystals, or a combination of them. Nowadays, cocrystallisation has been
the most explored strategy to improve solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients (API). However, its combinatorial nature involving two or more small organic
molecules, and the use of diverse crystallisation processes increase the possible outcomes. As a result,
numerous organic materials can be obtained as well as several physicochemical and mechanical
properties can be improved. Therefore, this review will focus on novel organic solids obtained when
CE is applied including crystalline and amorphous, single and multicomponent as well as nanosized
ones, that have contributed to improving not only solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability permeability
but also, chemical and physical stability and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krissia Wilhelm
- Escuela de Quimica, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | | | - Teodolito Guillén-Girón
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingenieria de los Materiales, Tecnologico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
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33
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Identification and Pharmaceutical Characterization of a New Itraconazole Terephthalic Acid Cocrystal. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080741. [PMID: 32781726 PMCID: PMC7464664 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization of poorly soluble drug molecules with an excipient into new solid phases called cocrystals has gained a considerable popularity in the pharmaceutical field. In this work, the cocrystal approach was explored for a very poorly water soluble antifungal active, itraconazole (ITR), which was, for the first time, successfully converted into this multicomponent solid using an aromatic coformer, terephthalic acid (TER). The new cocrystal was characterized in terms of its solid-state and structural properties, and a panel of pharmaceutical tests including wettability and dissolution were performed. Evidence of the cocrystal formation was obtained from liquid-assisted grinding, but not neat grinding. An efficient method of the ITR–TER cocrystal formation was ball milling. The stoichiometry of the ITR–TER phase was 2:1 and the structure was stabilized by H-bonds. When comparing ITR–TER with other cocrystals, the intrinsic dissolution rates and powder dissolution profiles correlated with the aqueous solubility of the coformers. The rank order of the dissolution rates of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from the cocrystals was ITR–oxalic acid > ITR–succinic acid > ITR–TER. Additionally, the ITR–TER cocrystal was stable in aqueous conditions and did not transform to the parent drug. In summary, this work presents another cocrystal of ITR that might be of use in pharmaceutical formulations.
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34
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Lukin S, Stolar T, Lončarić I, Milanović I, Biliškov N, di Michiel M, Friščić T, Halasz I. Mechanochemical Metathesis between AgNO 3 and NaX (X = Cl, Br, I) and Ag 2XNO 3 Double-Salt Formation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12200-12208. [PMID: 32806016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe real-time, in situ monitoring of mechanochemical solid-state metathesis between silver nitrate and the entire series of sodium halides, on the basis of tandem powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy monitoring. The mechanistic monitoring reveals that reactions of AgNO3 with NaX (X = Cl, Br, I) differ in reaction paths, with only the reaction with NaBr providing the NaNO3 and AgX products directly. The reaction with NaI revealed the presence of a novel, short-lived intermediate phase, while the reaction with NaCl progressed the slowest through the well-defined Ag2ClNO3 intermediate double salt. While the corresponding iodide and bromide double salts were not observed as intermediates, all three are readily prepared as pure compounds by milling equimolar mixtures of AgX and AgNO3. The in situ observation of reactive intermediates in these simple metathesis reactions reveals a surprising resemblance of reactions involving purely ionic components to those of molecular organic solids and cocrystals. This study demonstrates the potential of in situ reaction monitoring for mechanochemical reactions of ionic compounds as well as completes the application of these techniques to all major compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivor Lončarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Milanović
- Department of Physics (010), Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Biliškov
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marco di Michiel
- ESRF-the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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35
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A study on interwoven hydrogen bonding interactions in new zidovudine-picric acid (1:1) cocrystal through single crystal XRD, spectral and computational methods. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Topić F, Friščić T. No regioselectivity for the steroid α-face in cocrystallization of exemestane with aromatic cocrystal formers based on phenanthrene and pyrene. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer steroidal drug exemestane presents significantly different behavior in cocrystallization with arenes compared with the previously explored steroid progesterone. Mechanochemical and solution-based cocrystallization of exemestane with hydroxy derivatives of phenanthrene and pyrene leads to the formation of cocrystals exhibiting clear O–H···O type arene-steroid hydrogen bonds. So far, exemestane and 1-hydroxypyrene have been observed to form only one type of cocrystal, with the 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of the two components. However, there are two stoichiometric variations of the cocrystal of 9-hydroxyphenanthrene and exemestane, with the arene:steroid stoichiometric ratio of either 1:1 or 1:2. Importantly, although cocrystallization of progesterone with the same arene cocrystal formers was previously reported to take place regioselectively through α···π contacts between the α-face of the steroid and the π-electron surface of the arene, the herein explored cocrystals of exemestane reveal α···π and β···π contacts, as well as sidewise interactions involving the arene π-system and different edges of the steroid molecule. The loss of regioselectivity for the steroid α-face in cocrystallization with the two monohydroxylated arenes is tentatively explained by the highly positive electrostatic surface potential of the steroid β-face and a diminished number of C–H groups on the α-face of exemestane compared with progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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37
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The Lisbon Supramolecular Green Story: Mechanochemistry towards New Forms of Pharmaceuticals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25112705. [PMID: 32545242 PMCID: PMC7321153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This short review presents and highlights the work performed by the Lisbon Group on the mechanochemical synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) multicomponent compounds. Here, we show some of our most relevant contributions on the synthesis of supramolecular derivatives of well-known commercial used drugs and the corresponding improvement on their physicochemical properties. The study reflects, not only our pursuit of using crystal engineering principles for the search of supramolecular entities, but also our aim to correlate them with the desired properties. The work also covers our results on polymorphic screening and describes our proposed alternatives to induce and maintain specific polymorphic forms, and our approach to avoid polymorphism using APIs as ionic liquids. We want to stress that all the work was performed using mechanochemistry, a green advantageous synthetic technique.
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38
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Zhang Q, Ren W, Dushkin AV, Su W. Preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies of olmesartan medoxomil in a ternary solid dispersion with N-methyl-D-glucamine and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Sarmah KK, Nath N, Rao DR, Thakuria R. Mechanochemical synthesis of drug–drug and drug–nutraceutical multicomponent solids of olanzapine. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug–drug and drug–nutraceutical multicomponent solids of an antipsychotic drug olanzapine (OLN) are prepared using mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilamoni Nath
- Department of Chemistry
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati 781014
- India
| | | | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati 781014
- India
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40
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Hwang J, Ejsmont A, Freund R, Goscianska J, Schmidt BVKJ, Wuttke S. Controlling the morphology of metal–organic frameworks and porous carbon materials: metal oxides as primary architecture-directing agents. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3348-3422. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We give a comprehensive overview of how the morphology control is an effective and versatile way to control the physicochemical properties of metal oxides that can be transferred to metal–organic frameworks and porous carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkook Hwang
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Aleksander Ejsmont
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Ralph Freund
- Chair of Solid State and Materials Chemistry
- Institute of Physics
- University of Augsburg
- 86159 Augsburg
- Germany
| | - Joanna Goscianska
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | | | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials
- Basque Center for Materials
- UPV/EHU Science Park
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
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41
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Nugrahani I, Utami D, Ayuningtyas L, Garmana AN, Oktaviary R. New Preparation Method Using Microwave, Kinetics, In Vitro Dissolution‐Diffusion, and Anti‐Inflammatory Study of Diclofenac‐ Proline Co–Crystal. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Nugrahani
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of PharmacyBandung Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Utami
- Faculty of PharmacyAhmad Dahlan University Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Livia Ayuningtyas
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of PharmacyBandung Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Afrillia Nuryanti Garmana
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of PharmacyBandung Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rozana Oktaviary
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of PharmacyBandung Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia
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Sarmah KK, Rajbongshi T, Bhuyan A, Thakuria R. Effect of solvent polarity in mechanochemistry: preparation of a conglomerate vs. racemate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10900-10903. [PMID: 31436771 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05687d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of racemic dl-tartaric acid (dl-ta) and achiral isoniazid (ISN) was investigated using mechanochemistry. Neat grinding (NG) and liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) in the presence of non-polar liquids result in the formation of a conglomerate (ISN·d-ta/ISN·l-ta); whereas LAG with polar liquids yields racemic salt ISN·dl-ta. The effect of solvent polarity and dipole moment in mechanochemistry is discussed.
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Tigineh GT, Liu L. Systematic studies on mechanochemical synthesis: Schiff bases from solid aromatic primary amines and aldehydes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Tamiru Tigineh
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryBahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia
| | - Ling‐Kang Liu
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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André V, da Silva ARF, Fernandes A, Frade R, Garcia C, Rijo P, Antunes AMM, Rocha J, Duarte MT. Mg- and Mn-MOFs Boost the Antibiotic Activity of Nalidixic Acid. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2347-2354. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - André Ramires Ferreira da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Auguste Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Raquel Frade
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Catarina Garcia
- Centre Research for Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
- Centre Research for Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Alexandra M. M. Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- University of Aveiro, Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - M. Teresa Duarte
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
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Santiago de Oliveira Y, Saraiva Costa W, Ferreira Borges P, Silmara Alves de Santana M, Ayala AP. The design of novel metronidazole benzoate structures: exploring stoichiometric diversity. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 75:483-495. [PMID: 31062703 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619003838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of supramolecular synthons as a strategy to control crystalline structure is a crucial factor in developing new solid forms with physicochemical properties optimized by design. However, to achieve this objective, it is necessary to understand the intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing. The feasibility of a given synthon depends on its flexibility to combine the drug with a variety of coformers. In the present work, the imidazole-hydroxy synthon is investigated using as the target molecule benzoylmetronidazole [BZMD; systematic name 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl benzoate], whose imidazole group seems to be a suitable acceptor for hydrogen bonds. Thus, coformers with carboxylic acid and phenol groups were chosen. According to the availability of binding sites presented in the coformer, and considering the proposed synthon and hydrogen-bond complementarity as major factors, different drug-coformer stoichiometric ratios were explored (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1). Thirteen new solid forms (two salts and eleven cocrystals) were produced, namely BZMD-benzoic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C7H6O2, BZMD-β-naphthol (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C10H8O, BZMD-4-methoxybenzoic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C8H8O3, BZMD-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C7H4N2O6, BZMD-3-aminobenzoic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C7H7NO2, BZMD-salicylic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C7H6O3, BZMD-maleic acid (1/1) {as the salt 1-[2-(benzoyloxy)ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-3-ium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate}, C13H14N3O4+·C4H3O4-, BZMD-isophthalic acid (1/1), C13H13N3O4·C8H6O4, BZMD-resorcinol (2/1), 2C13H13N3O4·C6H6O2, BZMD-fumaric acid (2/1), C13H13N3O4·0.5C4H4O4, BZMD-malonic acid (2/1), 2C13H13N3O4·C3H2O4, BZMD-2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1/1) {as the salt 1-[2-(benzoyloxy)ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-3-ium 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate}, C13H14N3O4+·C7H5O4-, and BZMD-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3/1), 3C13H13N3O4·C7H6O4, and their crystalline structures elucidated, confirming the robustness of the selected synthon.
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Bose A, Mal P. Mechanochemistry of supramolecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:881-900. [PMID: 31019581 PMCID: PMC6466741 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The urge to use alternative energy sources has gained significant attention in the eye of chemists in recent years. Solution-based traditional syntheses are extremely useful, although they are often associated with certain disadvantages like generation of waste as by-products, use of large quantities of solvents which causes environmental hazard, etc. Contrastingly, achieving syntheses through mechanochemical methods are generally time-saving, environmentally friendly and more economical. This review is written to shed some light on supramolecular chemistry and the synthesis of various supramolecules through mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anima Bose
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
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Évora AO, Castro RA, Maria TM, Ramos Silva M, Canotilho J, Eusébio MES. Lamotrigine: Design and synthesis of new multicomponent solid forms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:148-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Schneidermann C, Otto P, Leistenschneider D, Grätz S, Eßbach C, Borchardt L. Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1618-1627. [PMID: 31479505 PMCID: PMC6693373 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We developed an upcycling process of polyurethane obtaining porous nitrogen-doped carbon materials that were applied in supercapacitor electrodes. In detail, a mechanochemical solvent-free one-pot synthesis is used and combined with a thermal treatment. Polyurethane is an ideal precursor already containing nitrogen in its backbone, yielding nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials with N content values of 1-8 wt %, high specific surface area values of up to 2150 m2·g-1 (at a N content of 1.6 wt %) and large pore volume values of up to 0.9 cm3·g-1. The materials were tested as electrodes for supercapacitors in aqueous 1 M Li2SO4 electrolyte (100 F·g-1), organic 1 M TEA-BF4 (ACN, 83 F·g-1) and EMIM-BF4 (70 F·g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schneidermann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Otto
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Desirée Leistenschneider
- University of Alberta, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 12-340 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211 - 116 Street, AB T6G 1H9 Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sven Grätz
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudia Eßbach
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and partial least squares (PLS) regression in the quantitative analysis of cocrystal formulations by Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:214-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Fu Q, Han Y, Xie YF, Gong NB, Guo F. Carbamazepine cocrystals with several aromatic carboxylic acids in different stoichiometries: Structures and solid state characterization. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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