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Vainauskas J, Borchers TH, Arhangelskis M, McCormick McPherson LJ, Spilfogel TS, Hamzehpoor E, Topić F, Coles SJ, Perepichka DF, Barrett CJ, Friščić T. Halogen bonding with carbon: directional assembly of non-derivatised aromatic carbon systems into robust supramolecular ladder architectures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13031-13041. [PMID: 38023516 PMCID: PMC10664517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon, although the central element in organic chemistry, has been traditionally neglected as a target for directional supramolecular interactions. The design of supramolecular structures involving carbon-rich molecules, such as arene hydrocarbons, has been limited almost exclusively to non-directional π-stacking, or derivatisation with heteroatoms to introduce molecular assembly recognition sites. As a result, the predictable assembly of non-derivatised, carbon-only π-systems using directional non-covalent interactions remains an unsolved fundamental challenge of solid-state supramolecular chemistry. Here, we propose and validate a different paradigm for the reliable assembly of carbon-only aromatic systems into predictable supramolecular architectures: not through non-directional π-stacking, but via specific and directional halogen bonding. We present a systematic experimental, theoretical and database study of halogen bonds to carbon-only π-systems (C-I⋯πC bonds), focusing on the synthesis and structural analysis of cocrystals with diversely-sized and -shaped non-derivatised arenes, from one-ring (benzene) to 15-ring (dicoronylene) polycyclic atomatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and fullerene C60, along with theoretical calculations and a systematic analysis of the Cambridge Structural Database. This study establishes C-I⋯πC bonds as directional interactions to arrange planar and curved carbon-only aromatic systems into predictable supramolecular motifs. In >90% of herein presented structures, the C-I⋯πC bonds to PAHs lead to a general ladder motif, in which the arenes act as the rungs and halogen bond donors as the rails, establishing a unique example of a supramolecular synthon based on carbon-only molecules. Besides fundamental importance in the solid-state and supramolecular chemistry of arenes, this synthon enables access to materials with exciting properties based on simple, non-derivatised aromatic systems, as seen from large red and blue shifts in solid-state luminescence and room-temperature phosphorescence upon cocrystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogirdas Vainauskas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura Street Warsaw 02-093 Poland
| | - Laura J McCormick McPherson
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton UK
| | - Toni S Spilfogel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Simon J Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton UK
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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2
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Yamashita K, Hirokawa R, Ichikawa M, Hisanaga T, Nagao Y, Takita R, Watanabe K, Kawato Y, Hamashima Y. Mechanistic Details of Asymmetric Bromocyclization with BINAP Monoxide: Identification of Chiral Proton-Bridged Bisphosphine Oxide Complex and Its Application to Parallel Kinetic Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3913-3924. [PMID: 35226811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of our previously reported catalytic asymmetric bromocyclization reactions using 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl (BINAP) monoxide was examined in detail by the means of control experiments, NMR studies, X-ray structure analysis, and CryoSpray electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. The chiral BINAP monoxide was transformed to a key catalyst precursor, proton-bridged bisphosphine oxide complex (POHOP·Br), in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and contaminating water. The thus-formed POHOP further reacts with NBS to afford BINAP dioxide and molecular bromine (Br2) simultaneously in equimolar amounts. While the resulting Br2 is activated by NBS to form a more reactive brominating reagent (Br2─NBS), BINAP dioxide serves as a bifunctional catalyst, acting as both a Lewis base that reacts with Br2─NBS to form a chiral brominating agent (P═O+─Br) and also as a Brønsted base for the activation of the substrate. By taking advantage of this novel concerted Lewis/Brønsted base catalysis by BINAP dioxide, we achieved the first regio- and chemodivergent parallel kinetic resolutions (PKRs) of racemic unsymmetrical bisallylic amides via bromocyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yamashita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Hirokawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ichikawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Hisanaga
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nagao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Takita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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3
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Samiee S, Gable RW. A new and unexpected coordination mode of a bis-phosphine monoxide (BPMO) ligand in a palladacycle complex. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Azzali A, d'Agostino S, Capacci M, Spinelli F, Ventura B, Grepioni F. Assembling photoactive materials from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): room temperature phosphorescence and excimer-emission in co-crystals with 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Co-crystallization of PAHs with a polyhalogenated co-former afforded three novel co-crystals, which display remarkable features such as mechanochemical interconversion, photoreactivity, excimer fluorescence, and RTP phosphorescence in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Azzali
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone d'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Capacci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Floriana Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto ISOF-CNR, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40219 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Torubaev YV, Skabitsky IV, Anisimov AA, Ananyev IV. Long-range supramolecular synthon polymorphism: a case study of two new polymorphic cocrystals of Ph 2Te 2–1,4-C 6F 4I 2. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01487k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two new polymorphic forms of Ph2Te2–1,4-C6F4I2 cocrystals feature an unusual packing of Ph2Te2 molecules, which is typical for native Ph2Se2 but not Ph2Te2. This suggests the existence the yet unknown, Ph2Se2-like polymorph of Ph2Te2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V. Torubaev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-1, Leninsky prospect, 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Skabitsky
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-1, Leninsky prospect, 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei A. Anisimov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Ananyev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-1, Leninsky prospect, 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Chovnik O, Cohen SR, Pinkas I, Houben L, Gorelik TE, Feldman Y, Shimon LJW, Iron MA, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Noncovalent Bonding Caught in Action: From Amorphous to Cocrystalline Molecular Thin Films. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14643-14652. [PMID: 34516094 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the solvent-free amorphous-to-cocrystalline transformations of nanoscale molecular films. Exposing amorphous films to vapors of a haloarene results in the formation of a cocrystalline coating. This transformation proceeds by gradual strengthening of halogen-bonding interactions as a result of the crystallization process. The gas-solid diffusion mechanism involves formation of an amorphous metastable phase prior to crystallization of the films. In situ optical microscopy shows mass transport during this process, which is confirmed by cross-section analysis of the final structures using focused ion beam milling combined with scanning electron microscopy. Nanomechanical measurements show that the rigidity of the amorphous films influences the crystallization process. This surface transformation results in molecular arrangements that are not readily obtained through other means. Cocrystals grown in solution crystallize in a monoclinic centrosymmetric space group, whereas the on-surface halogen-bonded assembly crystallizes into a noncentrosymmetric material with a bulk second-order nonlinear optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Chovnik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sidney R Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tatiana E Gorelik
- Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Yishay Feldman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mark A Iron
- Department of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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7
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Romero-Nieto C, de Cózar A, Regulska E, Mullenix JB, Rominger F, Hindenberg P. Controlling the molecular arrangement of racemates through weak interactions: the synergy between π-interactions and halogen bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7366-7369. [PMID: 34232238 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01700d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
POX and NX halogen bonds in combination with π-stacking interactions lead to the sorting of π-extended R- and S-isomers. Theoretical calculations point to a positive synergistic effect between the π-interactions and the halogen bonds to be the origin of such phenomena. As a result, enantiomeric building blocks form homoleptically connected quadrangular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, Albacete, 02008, Spain
| | - A de Cózar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco P. K. 1072, San Sebastián-Donostia, E-20018, Spain. and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Elzbieta Regulska
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, Albacete, 02008, Spain
| | - John B Mullenix
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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8
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Cooperation/Competition between Halogen Bonds and Hydrogen Bonds in Complexes of 2,6-Diaminopyridines and X-CY3 (X = Cl, Br; Y = H, F). Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The DFT calculations have been performed on a series of two-element complexes formed by substituted 2,6-diaminopyridine (R−PDA) and pyridine (R−Pyr) with X−CY3 molecules (where X = Cl, Br and Y = H, F). The primary aim of this study was to examine the intermolecular hydrogen and halogen bonds in the condition of their mutual coexistence. Symmetry/antisymmetry of the interrelation between three individual interactions is addressed. It appears that halogen bonds play the main role in the stabilization of the structures of the selected systems. However, the occurrence of one or two hydrogen bonds was associated with the favourable geometry of the complexes. Moreover, the impact of different substituent groups attached in the para position to the aromatic ring of the 2,6-diaminopyridine and pyridine on the character of the intermolecular hydrogen and halogen bonds was examined. The results indicate that the presence of electron-donating substituents strengthens the bonds. In turn, the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents reduces the strength of halogen bonds. Additionally, when hydrogen and halogen bonds lose their leading role in the complex formation, the nonspecific electrostatic interactions between dipole moments take their place. Analysis was based on geometric, energetic, and topological parameters of the studied systems.
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9
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Saikia B, Pathak D, Sarma B. Variable stoichiometry cocrystals: occurrence and significance. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stoichiometric variation in organic cocrystals, their synthesis, structure elucidation and properties are discussed. Accountable reasons for the occurrence of such cocrystals are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
| | - Debabrat Pathak
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
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10
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Ding XH, Chang YZ, Ou CJ, Lin JY, Xie LH, Huang W. Halogen bonding in the co-crystallization of potentially ditopic diiodotetrafluorobenzene: a powerful tool for constructing multicomponent supramolecular assemblies. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1906-1932. [PMID: 34691532 PMCID: PMC8288552 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Halogen bonding is emerging as a significant driving force for supramolecular self-assembly and has aroused great interest during the last two decades. Among the various halogen-bonding donors, we take notice of the ability of 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-DITFB) to co-crystallize with diverse halogen-bonding acceptors in the range from neutral Lewis bases (nitrogen-containing compounds, N-oxides, chalcogenides, aromatic hydrocarbons and organometallic complexes) to anions (halide ions, thio/selenocyanate ions and tetrahedral oxyanions), leading to a great variety of supramolecular architectures such as discrete assemblies, 1D infinite chains and 2D/3D networks. Some of them act as promising functional materials (e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence, optical waveguide, laser, non-linear optics, dielectric and magnetism) and soft materials (e.g. liquid crystal and supramolecular gel). Here we focus on the supramolecular structures of multicomponent complexes and their related physicochemical properties, highlight representative examples and show clearly the main directions that remain to be developed and improved in this area. From the point of view of crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry, the complexes summarized here should give helpful information for further design and investigation of the elusive category of halogen-bonding supramolecular functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang-Jin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jin-Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
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New Crystal Forms for Biologically Active Compounds. Part 2: Anastrozole as N-Substituted 1,2,4-Triazole in Halogen Bonding and Lp-π Interactions with 1,4-Diiodotetrafluorobenzene. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For an active pharmaceutical ingredient, it is important to stabilize its specific crystal polymorph. If the potential interconversion of various polymorphs is not carefully controlled, it may lead to deterioration of the drug’s physicochemical profile and, ultimately, its therapeutic efficacy. The desired polymorph stabilization can be achieved via co-crystallization with appropriate crystallophoric excipients. In this work, we identified an opportunity for co-crystallization of anastrozole (ASZ), a well-known aromatase inhibitor useful in second-line therapy of estrogen-dependent breast cancer, with a classical XB donor, 1,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-3,6-diiodobenzene (1,4-FIB). In the X-ray structures of ASZ·1.5 (1,4-FIB) co-crystal, different non-covalent interactions involving hydrogen and halogen atoms were detected and studied by quantum chemical calculations and QTAIM analysis at the ωB97XD/DZP-DKH level of theory.
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12
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Phosphine Oxides as Spectroscopic Halogen Bond Descriptors: IR and NMR Correlations with Interatomic Distances and Complexation Energy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061406. [PMID: 32204523 PMCID: PMC7144381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An extensive series of 128 halogen-bonded complexes formed by trimethylphosphine oxide and various F-, Cl-, Br-, I- and At-containing molecules, ranging in energy from 0 to 124 kJ/mol, is studied by DFT calculations in vacuum. The results reveal correlations between R–X⋅⋅⋅O=PMe3 halogen bond energy ΔE, X⋅⋅⋅O distance r, halogen’s σ-hole size, QTAIM parameters at halogen bond critical point and changes of spectroscopic parameters of phosphine oxide upon complexation, such as 31P NMR chemical shift, ΔδP, and P=O stretching frequency, Δν. Some of the correlations are halogen-specific, i.e., different for F, Cl, Br, I and At, such as ΔE(r), while others are general, i.e., fulfilled for the whole set of complexes at once, such as ΔE(ΔδP). The proposed correlations could be used to estimate the halogen bond properties in disordered media (liquids, solutions, polymers, glasses) from the corresponding NMR and IR spectra.
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Joksch M, Agarwala H, Ferro M, Michalik D, Spannenberg A, Beweries T. A Comparative Study on the Thermodynamics of Halogen Bonding of Group 10 Pincer Fluoride Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:3571-3577. [PMID: 31846108 PMCID: PMC7154528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamics of halogen bonding of a series of isostructural Group 10 metal pincer fluoride complexes of the type [(3,5‐R2‐tBuPOCOPtBu)MF] (3,5‐R2‐tBuPOCOPtBu=κ3‐C6HR2‐2,6‐(OPtBu2)2 with R=H, tBu, COOMe; M=Ni, Pd, Pt) and iodopentafluorobenzene was investigated. Based on NMR experiments at different temperatures, all complexes 1‐tBu (R=tBu, M=Ni), 2‐H (R=H, M=Pd), 2‐tBu (R=tBu, M=Pd), 2‐COOMe (R=COOMe, M=Pd) and 3‐tBu (R=tBu, M=Pt) form strong halogen bonds with Pd complexes showing significantly stronger binding to iodopentafluorobenzene. Structural and computational analysis of a model adduct of complex 2‐tBu with 1,4‐diiodotetrafluorobenzene as well as of structures of iodopentafluorobenzene in toluene solution shows that formation of a type I contact occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Joksch
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Hemlata Agarwala
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
- Department of Synthetic Molecular ChemistryÅngström Laboratory, Box 523Uppsala UniversityLägerhyddsvägen 175120UppsalaSweden
| | - Monica Ferro
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
- Politecnico di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaMateriali e Ing. Chimica “G. Natta”Via L. Mancinelli 720131MilanoItaly
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
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14
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Dortéz S, Fernández-Palacio F, Damián J, Gaiteiro C, Ramos J, Gómez-Sal P, Mosquera MEG. Halogen bonding (HaB) in E–I⋯X–M systems: influence of the halogen donor on the HaB nature. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A study on how the covalent character of the halogen bond can be modulated by using different halogen donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dortéz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación en Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Palacio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación en Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Jesús Damián
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación en Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Carlos Gaiteiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación en Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Javier Ramos
- BIOPHYM
- Department of Macromolecular Physics
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia
- IEM-CSIC
- Spain
| | - Pilar Gómez-Sal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación en Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
| | - Marta E. G. Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación en Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871-Alcala de Henares
- Spain
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15
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Topić F, Lisac K, Arhangelskis M, Rissanen K, Cinčić D, Friščić T. Cocrystal trimorphism as a consequence of the orthogonality of halogen- and hydrogen-bonds synthons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14066-14069. [PMID: 31693025 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06735c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
True trimorphic cocrystals, i.e. multi-component molecular crystals of identical composition that exhibit three polymorphic structures, are exceedingly rare and so far no halogen-bonded cocrystal system has been reported to exhibit trimorphism. Here we describe a unique example of a trimorphic cocrystal exhibiting both hydrogen and halogen bonds in which the differences between polymorphs reveal their orthogonality, evident by the apparently independent variation of well-defined hydrogen- and halogen-bonded motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3A 0B8, Montreal, Canada.
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16
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Daubignard J, Detz RJ, de Bruin B, Reek JNH. Phosphine Oxide Based Supramolecular Ligands in the Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Daubignard
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Remko J. Detz
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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17
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Lin J, Chen Y, Zhao D, Lu X, Lin Y. Versatile supramolecular binding modes of 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene for molecular cocrystal engineering. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Abstract
In this work, we report the cocrystallization of N9-ethyladenine with 1,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-3,6-diiodobenzene (TFDIB), a classical XB donor. As far as our knowledge extends, this is the first cocrystal reported to date where an adenine derivative acts as a halogen bond acceptor. In the solid state, each adenine ring forms two centrosymmetric H-bonded dimers: one using N1···HA6–N6 and the other N7···HB6–N6. Therefore, only N3 is available as a halogen bond acceptor that, indeed, establishes an N···I halogen bonding interaction with TFDIB. The H-bonded dimers and halogen bonds have been investigated via DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations and the Bader’s Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules (QTAIM) method at the B3LYP/6-311+G* level of theory. The influence of H-bonding interactions on the lone pair donor ability of N3 has also been analyzed using the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface calculations.
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19
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Torubaev YV, Skabitsky IV. The energy frameworks of aufbau synthon modules in 4-cyanopyridine co-crystals. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular arrangement of 4-cyanopyridine (4CNpy) in its native crystal form and its co-crystals with halogen bond (XB) donors is discussed in terms of energy frameworks of long-range synthon aufbau modules (LSAMs) energy frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. V. Torubaev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - I. V. Skabitsky
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
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20
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Tan D, Ng ZX, Sim Y, Ganguly R, García F. cis-Cyclodiphosph(v/v)azanes as highly stable and robust main group supramolecular building blocks. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bench-top stable cis-cyclodiphosph(v/v)azanes are demonstrated to form robust R21(8) bifurcated hydrogen-bonds and PSe⋯Br halogen bonds. This work highlights the potential of cyclodiphosph(v/v)azane building blocks in creating new supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Tan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Zi Xuan Ng
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Ying Sim
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore
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21
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Geboes Y, De Proft F, Herrebout WA. Taking the halogen bonding–hydrogen bonding competition one step further: complexes of difluoroiodomethane with trimethylphosphine, dimethyl sulfide and chloromethane. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:168-178. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To rationalize the driving factors in the competition of halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding, the complexes of the combined halogen-/hydrogen-bond donor difluoroiodomethane with the Lewis bases trimethylphosphine, dimethyl sulfide and chloromethane are studied. For all Lewis bases,ab initiocalculations lead to halogen- and hydrogen-bonded complexes. Fourier transform–IR experiments involving solutions of mixtures of difluoroiodomethane with trimethylphosphine(-d9) or dimethyl sulfide(-d6) in liquid krypton confirm the coexistence of a halogen-bonded and hydrogen-bonded complex. Also for solutions containing chloromethane, evidence of the formation of binary associations is found, but no definitive assignment of the multiple complex bands could be made. Using van't Hoff plots, the experimental complexation enthalpies for the halogen- and hydrogen-bonded complex of difluoroiodomethane with trimethylphosphine are determined to be −15.4 (4) and −10.5 (3) kJ mol−1, respectively, while for the halogen- and hydrogen-bonded complexes with dimethyl sulfide, the values are −11.3 (5) and −7.7 (6) kJ mol−1, respectively. The experimental observation that for both trimethylphospine and dimethyl sulfide the halogen-bonded complex is more stable than the hydrogen-bonded complex supports the finding that softer Lewis bases tend to favor iodine halogen bonding over hydrogen bonding.
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22
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Szell PMJ, Gabriel SA, Gill RDD, Wan SYH, Gabidullin B, Bryce DL. 13C and 19F solid-state NMR and X-ray crystallographic study of halogen-bonded frameworks featuring nitrogen-containing heterocycles. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 73:157-167. [PMID: 28257009 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616015023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding is a noncovalent interaction between the electrophilic region of a halogen (σ-hole) and an electron donor. We report a crystallographic and structural analysis of halogen-bonded compounds by applying a combined X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) approach. Single-crystal XRD was first used to characterize the halogen-bonded cocrystals formed between two fluorinated halogen-bond donors (1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene and 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene) and several nitrogen-containing heterocycles (acridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine, and hexamethylenetetramine). New structures are reported for the following three cocrystals, all in the P21/c space group: acridine-1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene (1/1), C6F3I3·C13H9N, 1,10-phenanthroline-1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene (1/1), C6F3I3·C12H8N2, and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine-1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene (1/1), C6F3I3·C8H12N2. 13C and 19F solid-state magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR is shown to be a convenient method to characterize the structural features of the halogen-bond donor and acceptor, with chemical shifts attributable to cocrystal formation observed in the spectra of both nuclides. Cross polarization (CP) from 19F to 13C results in improved spectral sensitivity in characterizing the perfluorinated halogen-bond donor when compared to conventional 1H CP. Gauge-including projector-augmented wave density functional theory (GIPAW DFT) calculations of magnetic shielding constants, along with optimization of the XRD structures, provide a final set of structures in best agreement with the experimental 13C and 19F chemical shifts. Data for carbons bonded to iodine remain outliers due to well-known relativistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M J Szell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shaina A Gabriel
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Russell D D Gill
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shirley Y H Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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23
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Maugeri L, Lébl T, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Philp D. Cooperative Binding in a Phosphine Oxide-Based Halogen Bonded Dimer Drives Supramolecular Oligomerization. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1986-1995. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Maugeri
- EaStChem and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Tomáš Lébl
- EaStChem and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStChem and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStChem and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Philp
- EaStChem and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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24
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Su F, Lu L, Zhu M, Feng S. One pot synthesis, structure and magnetic property of a pseudo-interpenetrated 2D copper framework based on coordinated 1,1′-biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylate and synthon. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Abstract
The halogen bond occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a halogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. In this fairly extensive review, after a brief history of the interaction, we will provide the reader with a snapshot of where the research on the halogen bond is now, and, perhaps, where it is going. The specific advantages brought up by a design based on the use of the halogen bond will be demonstrated in quite different fields spanning from material sciences to biomolecular recognition and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cavallo
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
- VTT-Technical
Research Centre of Finland, Biologinkuja 7, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Roberto Milani
- VTT-Technical
Research Centre of Finland, Biologinkuja 7, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tullio Pilati
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere
University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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26
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Vioglio PC, Chierotti MR, Gobetto R. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool for investigating the halogen bond. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Bushuyev OS, Tan D, Barrett CJ, Friščić T. Fluorinated azobenzenes with highly strained geometries for halogen bond-driven self-assembly in the solid state. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce01216j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Nagels N, Geboes Y, Pinter B, De Proft F, Herrebout WA. Tuning the Halogen/Hydrogen Bond Competition: A Spectroscopic and Conceptual DFT Study of Some Model Complexes Involving CHF2I. Chemistry 2014; 20:8433-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Caballero A, Bennett S, Serpell CJ, Beer PD. Iodo-imidazolium salts: halogen bonding in crystals and anion-templated pseudorotaxanes. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26020d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Chen H, Gao F, Yao E, Chen Q, Ma Y. Rapid mechanochemical preparation of a sandwich-like charge transfer complex. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce40585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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