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Fan Z, Zhang X, Li Y, Guo X, Jin Z. Construct 3D NiCo-LDH/Cu2O p-n heterojunction via electrostatic self-assembly for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Siavash Moakhar R, Hosseini-Hosseinabad SM, Masudy-Panah S, Seza A, Jalali M, Fallah-Arani H, Dabir F, Gholipour S, Abdi Y, Bagheri-Hariri M, Riahi-Noori N, Lim YF, Hagfeldt A, Saliba M. Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting Using CuO-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007285. [PMID: 34117806 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cost-effective, robust, and efficient electrocatalysts for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting has been extensively studied over the past decade to address a solution for the energy crisis. The interesting physicochemical properties of CuO have introduced this promising photocathodic material among the few photocatalysts with a narrow bandgap. This photocatalyst has a high activity for the PEC hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under simulated sunlight irradiation. Here, the recent advancements of CuO-based photoelectrodes, including undoped CuO, doped CuO, and CuO composites, in the PEC water-splitting field, are comprehensively studied. Moreover, the synthesis methods, characterization, and fundamental factors of each classification are discussed in detail. Apart from the exclusive characteristics of CuO-based photoelectrodes, the PEC properties of CuO/2D materials, as groups of the growing nanocomposites in photocurrent-generating devices, are discussed in separate sections. Regarding the particular attention paid to the CuO heterostructure photocathodes, the PEC water splitting application is reviewed and the properties of each group such as electronic structures, defects, bandgap, and hierarchical structures are critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Siavash Moakhar
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
- Non-Metallic Materials Research Group, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, 14686-13113, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Masudy-Panah
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Low Energy Electronic Systems (LEES), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, 38602, Singapore
| | - Ashkan Seza
- Non-Metallic Materials Research Group, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, 14686-13113, Iran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave, Tehran, 11155-9466, Iran
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Hesam Fallah-Arani
- Non-Metallic Materials Research Group, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, 14686-13113, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dabir
- Non-Metallic Materials Research Group, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, 14686-13113, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholipour
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-547, Iran
| | - Yaser Abdi
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-547, Iran
| | - Mohiedin Bagheri-Hariri
- Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase flow Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Nastaran Riahi-Noori
- Non-Metallic Materials Research Group, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, 14686-13113, Iran
| | - Yee-Fun Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB-ISIC-LSPM, Station 6, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
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Farzad Hosseini, Bahmaei M, Davallo M. Electrochemical Determination of Propranolol, Acetaminophen and Folic Acid in Urine, and Human Plasma Using Cu2O–CuO/rGO/CPE. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193521040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Liu XX, He Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiang Y, Blackwood DJ, Wu R, Chen JS. MOF-reinforced Co9S8 self-supported nanowire arrays for highly durable and flexible supercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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A non-enzymatic sensor based on three-dimensional graphene foam decorated with Cu-xCu2O nanoparticles for electrochemical detection of glucose and its application in human serum. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rao MP, Wu JJ, Asiri AM, Anandan S, Ashokkumar M. Photocatalytic properties of hierarchical CuO nanosheets synthesized by a solution phase method. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 69:115-124. [PMID: 29941246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
CuO nanomaterials were synthesized by a simple solution phase method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant and their photocatalytic property was determined towards the visible-light assisted degradation of Reactive Black-5 dye. A detailed mechanism for the formation of CuO nanostructures has been proposed. The effect of various experimental parameters such as catalyst amount, dye concentration, pH and oxidizing agent on the dye degradation efficiency was studied. About 87% dye was degraded at pH2 in the presence of CuO nanosheets under visible light. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of CuO nanosheets can be ascribed to good crystallinity, grain size, surface morphology and a strong absorption in the visible region. CuO is found to be a promising catalyst for industrial waste water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Purnachander Rao
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620 015, India
| | - Jerry J Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Chinese Taipei
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- The Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620 015, India.
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Chen JS, Huang SP, Xu L, Blackwood DJ. Sodium-Salt-Promoted Growth of Self-Supported Copper Oxides with Comparative Supercapacitive Properties. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song Chen
- Center for Applied Chemistry; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610054 China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices; University of Electronic Science and Technology of People's Republic of China; 610054 Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Song Peng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 117574 Singapore
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 117574 Singapore
| | - Daniel John Blackwood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 117574 Singapore
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Khdary NH, Alkhuraiji WS, Ghanem MA, Alqureshah FA. Anchoring di and tri-metallic nanoparticles on an amorphous functionalized surface for inducing photocatalytic activity. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01925d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalization chemistry was applied to immobilize di and tri metal nanoparticles on amorphous particles for an economically low-cost photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar H. Khdary
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
- Riyadh 11442
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Fahd A. Alqureshah
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
- Riyadh 11442
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Liu SH, Wei YS, Lu JS. Visible-light-driven photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole and methylene blue by Cu2O/rGO photocatalysts. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:118-123. [PMID: 27043377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cuprous oxide-reduced graphene oxide (Cu2O/rGO-x) composites were prepared via a simple wet-chemical method by using CuSO4·5H2O and graphene oxide as precursors and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, respectively. These Cu2O/rGO-x were employed as photocatalysts for degrading emerging contaminants and organic dye pollutants (i.e., sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and methylene blue (MB)) under visible light. A variety of different spectroscopic and analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the physical properties of photocatalysts. In the photodegrading experiments, it can be found that the Cu2O/rGO-80 photocatalyst has the superior visible-light response of ca. 50% removal efficiency of SMX within 120 min and 100% removal efficiency of MB within 40 min. These observations may be attributed the well-dispersed and visible-light-responsive Cu2O nanoparticles are supported on the surface of rGO sheets that can enhance absorption of visible light during photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Heng Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shao Wei
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sheng Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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MAHENDRAPRABHU KAMARAJ, ELUMALAI PERUMAL. Effect of citric acid on formation of oxides of Cu and Zn in modified sol-gel process: A comparative study. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jia B, Qin M, Zhang Z, Cao Z, Wu H, Chen P, Zhang L, Lu X, Qu X. The formation of CuO porous mesocrystal ellipsoids via tuning the oriented attachment mechanism. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02249e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mendonça MCP, Soares ES, de Jesus MB, Ceragioli HJ, Ferreira MS, Catharino RR, da Cruz-Höfling MA. Reduced graphene oxide induces transient blood-brain barrier opening: an in vivo study. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:78. [PMID: 26518450 PMCID: PMC4628296 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a complex physical and functional barrier protecting the central nervous system from physical and chemical insults. Nevertheless, it also constitutes a barrier against therapeutics for treating neurological disorders. In this context, nanomaterial-based therapy provides a potential alternative for overcoming this problem. Graphene family has attracted significant interest in nanomedicine because their unique physicochemical properties make them amenable to applications in drug/gene delivery and neural interface. Results In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) systemically-injected was found mainly located in the thalamus and hippocampus of rats. The entry of rGO involved a transitory decrease in the BBB paracellular tightness, as demonstrated at anatomical (Evans blue dye infusion), subcellular (transmission electron microscopy) and molecular (junctional protein expression) levels. Additionally, we examined the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as a new imaging method for detecting the temporal distribution of nanomaterials throughout the brain. Conclusions rGO was able to be detected and monitored in the brain over time provided by a novel application for MALDI-MSI and could be a useful tool for treating a variety of brain disorders that are normally unresponsive to conventional treatment because of BBB impermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Culturato Padilha Mendonça
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edilene Siqueira Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Helder José Ceragioli
- Department of Semiconductors, Instruments and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Siqueira Ferreira
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Rabieh S, Koushanpour A, Tajabadi F. Green and Straightforward Modification of Graphite Electrode via In Situ Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets for Quantifying Prazosin Hydrochloride in Urine Samples and Pharmaceutical Formulations. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Zhang W, Quan B, Lee C, Park SK, Li X, Choi E, Diao G, Piao Y. One-step facile solvothermal synthesis of copper ferrite-graphene composite as a high-performance supercapacitor material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2404-14. [PMID: 25584805 DOI: 10.1021/am507014w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported a facile approach to prepare a uniform copper ferrite nanoparticle-attached graphene nanosheet (CuFe2O4-GN). A one-step solvothermal method featuring the reduction of graphene oxide and formation of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles was efficient, scalable, green, and controllable. The composite nanosheet was fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which demonstrated that CuFe2O4 nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 100 nm were densely and compactly deposited on GN. To investigate the formation mechanism of CuFe2O4-GN, we discussed in detail the effects of a series of experimental parameters, including the concentrations of the precursor, precipitation agent, stabilizer agent, and graphene oxide on the size and morphology of the resulting products. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the CuFe2O4-GN composite were studied by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. The composite showed high electrochemical capacitance (576.6 F·g(-1) at 1 A·g(-1)), good rate performance, and cycling stability. These results demonstrated that the composite, as a kind of electrode materials, had a high specific capacitance and good retention. The versatile CuFe2O4-GN holds great promise for application in a wide range of electrochemical fields because of the remarkable synergistic effects between CuFe2O4 nanoparticles and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Xu L, Lu Y. One-step synthesis of a cobalt sulfide/reduced graphene oxide composite used as an electrode material for supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CoS/rGO composite electrode exhibit a rather high rate capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Science
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Science
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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Balamurugan T, Berchmans S. Non-enzymatic detection of bilirubin based on a graphene–polystyrene sulfonate composite. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06681f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduced graphene oxide–poly styrene sulfonate (RGO–PSS) modified GC electrode for the detection of bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Balamurugan
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi-630006
- India
| | - Sheela Berchmans
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi-630006
- India
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Khoshhesab ZM. Simultaneous electrochemical determination of acetaminophen, caffeine and ascorbic acid using a new electrochemical sensor based on CuO–graphene nanocomposite. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensor using CuO nanoparticles and graphene was constructed. It is a useful tool for determining of acetaminophen, caffeine and ascorbic acid.
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Tu J, Yuan Y, Jiao H, Jiao S. Controllable Cu2O–Cu nanoparticle electrodeposition onto carbon paper and its superior photoelectrochemical performance. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Biomolecule-assisted synthesis of nickel sulfides/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Liu W, Jia L, Wang Y, Song L, Zhu Y, Chen X, Zhong Z, Su F. Partially Reduced CuO Nanoparticles as Multicomponent Cu-Based Catalysts for the Rochow Reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400369z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuyuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer,
Heilongjiang Province, China 161006
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Lihua Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Qiqihaer University, Qiqihaer,
Heilongjiang Province, China 161006
| | - Yingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Lianying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Yongxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Sciences, A*star, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong
Island, Singapore 627833
| | - Fabing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190
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