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Drius G, Bordoni S, Boga C, Monari M, Fiori J, Esposito E, Zalambani C, Pincigher L, Farruggia G, Calonghi N, Micheletti G. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Insights of Lipophilic Ru(II)-Hydroxy Stearic Acid Hybrid Species. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104051. [PMID: 37241793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallodrugs represent a combination of multifunctionalities that are present concomitantly and can act differently on diverse biotargets. Their efficacy is often related to the lipophilic features exhibited both by long carbo-chains and the phosphine ligands. Three Ru(II) complexes containing hydroxy stearic acids (HSAs) were successfully synthesized in order to evaluate possible synergistic effects between the known antitumor activity of HSA bio-ligands and the metal center. HSAs were reacted with [Ru(H)2CO(PPh3)3] selectively affording O,O-carboxy bidentate complexes. The organometallic species were fully characterized spectroscopically using ESI-MS, IR, UV-Vis, and NMR techniques. The structure of the compound Ru-12-HSA was also determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The biological potency of ruthenium complexes (Ru-7-HSA, Ru-9-HSA, and Ru-12-HSA) was studied on human primary cell lines (HT29, HeLa, and IGROV1). To obtain detailed information about anticancer properties, tests for cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and DNA damage were performed. The results demonstrate that the new ruthenium complexes, Ru-7-HSA and Ru-9-HSA, possess biological activity. Furthermore, we observed that the Ru-9-HSA complex shows increased antitumor activity on colon cancer cells, HT29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Drius
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Bordoni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (CIRI SDV), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Boga
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Esposito
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Zalambani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pincigher
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Natalia Calonghi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Micheletti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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2
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New Au(III)- and Fe(III)-based complexes of bio-pharmacological interest: DFT and in silico studies. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Riccardi C, Piccolo M, Ferraro MG, Graziano R, Musumeci D, Trifuoggi M, Irace C, Montesarchio D. Bioengineered lipophilic Ru(III) complexes as potential anticancer agents. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213016. [PMID: 35882162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-conjugated Ru(III) complexes - designed to obtain lipophilic analogues of the low molecular weight derivative AziRu, which is a NAMI-A-like anticancer agent - have been synthesized and fully characterized. A detailed biophysical investigation, including multiple, integrated techniques, allowed determining their molecular and self-assembling properties in aqueous solutions mimicking the extracellular environment, showing that our design produced a protective effect from hydrolysis of the Ru(III) complexes. In vitro biological experiments, carried out in comparison with AziRu, demonstrated that, among the novel lipophilic Ru(III) complexes synthesized, the compounds derivatized with palmitic and stearic acid, that we named PalmiPyRu and StePyRu respectively, showed attractive features and a promising antiproliferative activity, selective on specific breast cancer phenotypes. To get a deeper insight into their interactions with potential biomacromolecular targets, their ability to bind both bovine serum albumin (BSA), an abundant serum carrier protein, and some DNA model systems, including duplex and G-quadruplex structures, has been investigated by spectroscopic techniques. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of the ruthenium amount incorporated in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, after incubation in parallel experiments with PalmiPyRu and AziRu, showed a markedly higher cell uptake of the lipophilic Ru(III) complex with respect to AziRu. These data confirmed that the proper lipidic tail decorating the metal complex not only favoured the formation of aggregates in the extracellular media but also improved their cell membrane penetration, thus leading to higher antiproliferative activity selective on breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Graziano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Fandzloch M, Jędrzejewski T, Wiśniewska J, Sitkowski J, Dobrzańska L, Brożyna AA, Wrotek S. Sawhorse-type ruthenium complexes with triazolopyrimidine ligands - what do they represent in terms of cytotoxic and CORM compounds? Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8804-8820. [PMID: 35616922 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three sawhorse-type ruthenium(I) complexes containing purine analogs such as triazolopyrimidines of the general formula [Ru2(CO)4(μ-OOCCH3)2(L)2], where L is 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tp for 1), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp for 2) and 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dptp for 3), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared analysis, multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C, 15N), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for 1 and 2). By assay with myoglobin, the photo-activated CO-releasing molecule (PhotoCORM) character of (1-3) has been confirmed, thus indicating the possibility of use in CO-based therapies. The importance of UV-induced modification has been investigated in the context of anticancer properties. Complexes (1) and (2) have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer) and C32 (melanoma), as well as L929 normal fibroblasts in the dark and presence of UV-A light (365 nm). The results were compared with those for cisplatin and two reference ruthenium complexes, namely NAMI-A and KP1019. The most hydrophilic [Ru2(CO)4(μ-OOCCH3)2(tp)2] (1) (log P = -1.12) was found to be more cytotoxic than (2), despite the lower cellular uptake measured by ICP-MS toward HeLa cells. Importantly, photo-induced stimulation of cells with (1) resulted in a lower decrease in the viability of L929 normal cells (IC50 = 154.7 ± 6.5 μM) in comparison with HeLa cancer cells (IC50 = 66.7 ± 3.4 μM). The photo-induced stimulation of (1) and (2) increases ROS generation, and their anticancer activity may be a partially ROS-dependent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- National Institutes of Medicines, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Liliana Dobrzańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Abdolmaleki S, Aslani A, Aliabadi A, Khazayel S, Amininasab SM, Izadi Z, Ghadermazi M, Motieiyan E, Marabello D, Rodrigues VHN. Study on a Ru(III) complex containing picolinate with potent inhibition effect against melanoma cell line. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2039916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdolmaleki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azade Aslani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Aliabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Khazayel
- Department of Research and Technology of Kermanshah, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - S. Mojtaba Amininasab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghadermazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Elham Motieiyan
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Domenica Marabello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Crystallography, University of Torino, Italy
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Fandzloch M, Jędrzejewski T, Dobrzańska L, Esteban-Parra GM, Wiśniewska J, Paneth A, Paneth P, Sitkowski J. New organometallic ruthenium(ii) complexes with purine analogs - a wide perspective on their biological application. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5557-5573. [PMID: 33908935 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03974h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three half-sandwich organometallic ruthenium(ii) complexes containing purine analogs such as triazolopyrimidines of general formula [(η6-p-cym)Ru(L)Cl2], where p-cym represents p-cymene and L is 5,6,7-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tmtp for 1), 5,7-diethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (detp for 2) and 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one (HmtpO for 3), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C, 15N), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for 1 and 2). All these complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines as well as L929 murine fibroblast cells, indicating [(η6-p-cym)Ru(HmtpO)Cl2] (3) as the most active representative against the HeLa cell line and simultaneously being 64-fold less toxic to normal L929 murine fibroblast cells than cisplatin. At the same time, 3 has shown antimetastatic activity comparable to NAMI-A against HeLa cells both after 24 and 48 h of treatment in a wound healing assay. In order to better understand the mechanism of anticancer action and differences in the cytotoxic activity of 1-3, the studies were expanded to determining their lipophilicity, the kinetic stability at pH 6.5-8, the effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HeLa cells and interactions with significant biomolecules (DNA and albumin) by using molecular docking and circular dichroism (CD) experiments. Furthermore, antiparasitic studies against L. braziliensis, L. infantum and T. cruzi reveal that the newly synthesized complexes 1-3 are very promising candidates which can compete with commercial antiparasitic drugs. Complex 3 in particular, on top of exhibiting a high antiparasitic effect (IC50 < 1 μM against two strains), reaches a selectivity index >1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
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Photocytotoxic Activity of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Phenanthroline-Hydrazone Ligands. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072084. [PMID: 33917290 PMCID: PMC8038675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of two new polypyridyl-hydrazone Schiff bases, (E)-N′-(6-oxo-1,10-phenanthrolin-5(6H)-ylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (L1) and (E)-N′-(6-oxo-1,10-phenanthrolin-5(6H)-ylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazide (L2), and their two Ru(II) complexes of the general formula [RuCl(DMSO)(phen)(Ln)](PF6). Considering that hydrazides are a structural part of severa l drugs and metal complexes containing phenanthroline derivatives are known to interact with DNA and to exhibit antitumor activity, more potent anticancer agents can be obtained by covalently linking the thiophene acid hydrazide or the furoic acid hydrazide to a 1,10-phenanthroline moiety. These ligands and the Ru(II) complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, electronic, vibrational, 1H NMR, and ESI-MS spectroscopies. Ru is bound to two different N-heterocyclic ligands. One chloride and one S-bonded DMSO in cis-configuration to each other complete the octahedral coordination sphere around the metal ion. The ligands are very effective in inhibiting cellular growth in a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562. Both complexes are able to interact with DNA and present moderate cytotoxic activity, but 5 min of UV-light exposure increases cytotoxicity by three times.
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Mihajlovic K, Milosavljevic I, Jeremic J, Savic M, Sretenovic J, Srejovic I, Zivkovic V, Jovicic N, Paunovic M, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V, Novokmet S. Redox and apoptotic potential of novel ruthenium complexes in rat blood and heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:207-217. [PMID: 32976727 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) complexes offer the potential for lower toxicity compared with platinum(II) complexes. Our study aimed to compare cardiotoxicity of [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)Cl][Cl], [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl], [Ru(Cl-tpy)(bpy)Cl][Cl], cisplatin, and saline through assessment of redox status and relative expression of apoptosis-related genes. A total of 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Ruthenium groups received a single dose of complexes intraperitoneally (4 mg/kg/week) for a 4-week period; cisplatin group received cisplatin (4 mg/kg/week) and control group received saline (4 mL/kg/week) in the same manner as ruthenium groups. In collected blood and heart tissue samples, spectrophotometric determination of oxidative stress biomarkers was performed. The relative expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3) in hearts was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that systemic and cardiac pro-oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite) were significantly lower in ruthenium groups compared with cisplatin group, while concentrations of antioxidative parameters (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and oxidized glutathione) were significantly higher. Ruthenium administration led to significantly lower gene expression of Bax and caspase-3 compared with cisplatin-treated rats, while Bcl-2 remained unchanged. Applied ruthenium complexes have less pronounced potential for induction of oxidative stress-mediated cardiotoxicity compared with cisplatin. These findings may help for future studies that should clarify the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of ruthenium-based metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Mihajlovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Isidora Milosavljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Maja Savic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Sretenovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and embryology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Paunovic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Slobodan Novokmet
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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M. El-mahdy K, M. El-kazak A. A Simple Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 1,2,4-Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fandzloch M, Augustyniak AW, Dobrzańska L, Jędrzejewski T, Sitkowski J, Wypij M, Golińska P. First dinuclear rhodium(II) complexes with triazolopyrimidines and the prospect of their potential biological use. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111072. [PMID: 32563102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Five novel rhodium(II) complexes of general formula [Rh2(μ-OOCCH3)4L2], where L is a triazolopyrimidine derivative, in particular dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) for (1), 5,7-diethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (detp) for (2), 7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp) for (3), 7-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (HmtpO) for (4) and 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp) for (5) are reported. These first representatives of paddle-wheel dirhodium complexes with triazolopyrimidines have been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Three of the new complexes (1), (2) and (5) were thoroughly screened in vitro for their cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and L929 murine fibroblast cells. Favorably, they show significantly less effective inhibition on the cell growth of L929 than cisplatin under identical conditions. Complexes (1) and (5) display moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 16.3-21.5 μM) against MCF-7 cells which is induced via reactive oxygen species-independent pathways. Extensive studies of rhodium complexes (1), (2) and (5) against microorganisms have shown that the tested compounds exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) while (5) significantly inhibited the growth of Malassezia furfur. The highest antibacterial, and antifungal activity, was observed for (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Adam W Augustyniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Liliana Dobrzańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- National Institutes of Medicines, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wypij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Patrycja Golińska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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11
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Jiang GB, Zhang WY, He M, Gu YY, Bai L, Wang YJ, Yi QY, Du F. New ruthenium polypyridyl complexes functionalized with fluorine atom or furan: Synthesis, DNA-binding, cytotoxicity and antitumor mechanism studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117534. [PMID: 31685424 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two novel ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, namely, [Ru(dmp)2(CAPIP)](ClO4)2 (Ru(II)-1) and [Ru(dmp)2(CFPIP)](ClO4)2 (Ru(II)-2), which respectively contain (E)-2-(2-(furan-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phen-anthroline (CAPIP) and (E)-2-(4-fluorostyryl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline. (CFPIP), were first designed and characterized (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). DNA binding experiments indicated that Ru(II) complexes interact with CT DNA through intercalative mode. In addition, the complexes Ru(II)-1 and Ru(II)-2, showed remarkable cell cytotoxicity, giving the respective IC50 values of 4.1 ± 1.4 μM and 6.1 ± 1.4 μM on the A549 cancer cells. These values indicated higher activity than CAPIP, CFPIP, cisplatin (8.2 ± 1.4 μM) and other corresponding Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes. Furthermore, the Ru(II) complexes could arrive the cytoplasm through the cell membrane and accumulate in the mitochondria. Significantly, complexes Ru(II)-1 and Ru(II)-2 induced A549 cells apoptosis was mediated by increase of ROS levels and dysfunction of mitochondria, and resulted in cell cycle arrest and increased anti-migration activity on A549 cells. Overall, these results indicated that complexes Ru(II)-1 and Ru(II)-2 could be suitable candidates for further investigation as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Wen-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Miao He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Ying Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yang-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Fan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Fandzloch M, Jaromin A, Zaremba-Czogalla M, Wojtczak A, Lewińska A, Sitkowski J, Wiśniewska J, Łakomska I, Gubernator J. Nanoencapsulation of a ruthenium(ii) complex with triazolopyrimidine in liposomes as a tool for improving its anticancer activity against melanoma cell lines. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1207-1219. [PMID: 31903475 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Two types of ruthenium(ii) complexes containing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines of the general formulas [RuCl2(dmso)3(L)] ((1)-(3)) and [RuCl2(dmso)2(L)2] ((4)-(6)), where L represents 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tp for (1)), 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp for (2)), 7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-trizolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp for (3)), 5,7-diethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (detp for (4)), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp for (5)) and 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dptp for (6)), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C, and 15N), and X-ray (for (3), (4), and (5)). All these complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against melanoma cell lines A375 and Hs294T, indicating cis,cis,cis-[RuCl2(dbtp)2(dmso)2] (5) as the most active representative, in addition to being non-toxic to normal human fibroblasts (NHDF) and not inducing hemolysis of human erythrocytes. In order to develop an intravenous formulation for (5), liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), cholesterol (Chol) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2000) were prepared and subsequently characterized. (5)-Loaded liposomes, with spherical morphology, assessed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), exhibited satisfactory encapsulation efficiency and stability. In in vitro experiments, PEG-modified (5)-loaded liposomes were more effective (10-fold) than free (5) for growth inhibition of both human melanoma cell lines. Furthermore, such an approach resulted in the reduction of cancer cell viability that was even 10-fold greater than that observed for free cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland and Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zaremba-Czogalla
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- National Institutes of Medicines, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Iwona Łakomska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Facile and regioselective synthesis of new fluorinated [1,2,4]-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-7(1H)-one derivatives from fluorinated alkynes. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation of ruthenium(III) complexes of triazolopyrimidines with anticancer properties. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 25:109-124. [PMID: 31741123 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes of general formula [RuCl3(L)3] (1,3,5) and [RuCl3(H2O)(L)2] (2,4,6), where L stands for three different triazolopyrimidine-derived ligands, are reported. The compounds have been structurally characterized (IR, EPR, SCXRD), and their magnetic moments have been determined. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry of the Ru(III) complexes with mer configuration in 1 and 5, and fac configuration in 3. In 2 and 4, three chloride ions are in mer configuration and the two triazolopyrimidines are oriented trans mutually with the water molecule playing the role of the sixth ligand. All complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human cervical cancer cell line HeLa, and L929 murine fibroblast cells, uncovering among others that the most lipophilic complexes 5 and 6, containing the bulky ligand dptp (5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), display high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, and HeLa cells. Moreover, it was also revealed that during the interaction of the complexes 1-6 with the cancer MCF-7 cell line, reactive oxygen species are released intracellularly, which could indicate that they are involved in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, extensive studies have been carried out to reveal the mechanism by which complexes 1-6 interact with DNA, albumin, and apotransferrin. The biological studies were complemented by detailed kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of the complexes in the pH range 5-8, to determine the stability of the complexes in solution. Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes with triazolopyrimidine derivatives demonstrated the potential for use as anticancer agents by maintaining the toxic effect on MCF-7 and HeLa cells.
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Wiśniewska J, Fandzloch M, Muzioł T, Łakomska I. The hydrolysis of a ruthenium(III) complex with triazolopyrimidine ligands and mechanistic insights into its anticancer activity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang X, Liu D, Lv F, Yu B, Shen Y, Cong H. Recent advances in ruthenium and platinum based supramolecular coordination complexes for antitumor therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Riccardi C, Musumeci D, Trifuoggi M, Irace C, Paduano L, Montesarchio D. Anticancer Ruthenium(III) Complexes and Ru(III)-Containing Nanoformulations: An Update on the Mechanism of Action and Biological Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E146. [PMID: 31561546 PMCID: PMC6958509 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The great advances in the studies on metal complexes for the treatment of different cancer forms, starting from the pioneering works on platinum derivatives, have fostered an increasingly growing interest in their properties and biomedical applications. Among the various metal-containing drugs investigated thus far, ruthenium(III) complexes have emerged for their selective cytotoxic activity in vitro and promising anticancer properties in vivo, also leading to a few candidates in advanced clinical trials. Aiming at addressing the solubility, stability and cellular uptake issues of low molecular weight Ru(III)-based compounds, some research groups have proposed the development of suitable drug delivery systems (e.g., taking advantage of nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.) able to enhance their activity compared to the naked drugs. This review highlights the unique role of Ru(III) complexes in the current panorama of anticancer agents, with particular emphasis on Ru-containing nanoformulations based on the incorporation of the Ru(III) complexes into suitable nanocarriers in order to enhance their bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. Preclinical evaluation of these nanoaggregates is discussed with a special focus on the investigation of their mechanism of action at a molecular level, highlighting their pharmacological potential in tumour disease models and value for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic characterization, hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT calculations and antibacterial activity of ethyl 2-(4-vinylbenzyl)-2-(5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-(4-vinylphenyl)propanoate. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Srivastava A, Sharma V, Prajapati A, Srivastava N, Naik R. Spectrophotometric Determination of Ruthenium Utilizing its Catalytic Activity on Oxidation of Hexacyanoferrate(II) by Periodate Ion in Water Samples. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht13.03.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Singh PK, Choudhary S, Kashyap A, Verma H, Kapil S, Kumar M, Arora M, Silakari O. An exhaustive compilation on chemistry of triazolopyrimidine: A journey through decades. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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New Heteroleptic Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Sulfamethoxypyridazine and Diimines as Potential Antitumor Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112154. [PMID: 31181667 PMCID: PMC6600252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new complexes of Ru(II) with mixed ligands were prepared: [Ru(bpy)2smp](PF6) (1) and [Ru(phen)2smp](PF6) (2), in which smp = sulfamethoxypyridazine; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline. The complexes have been characterized by elemental and conductivity analyses; infrared, NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopies; and X-ray diffraction of single crystal. Structural analyses reveal a distorted octahedral geometry around Ru(II) that is bound to two bpy (in 1) or two phen (in 2) via their two heterocyclic nitrogens and to two nitrogen atoms from sulfamethoxypyridazine—one of the methoxypyridazine ring and the sulfonamidic nitrogen, which is deprotonated. Both complexes inhibit the growth of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. The interaction of the complexes with bovine serum albumin and DNA is described. DNA footprinting using an oligonucleotide as substrate showed the complexes’ preference for thymine base rich sites. It is worth notifying that the complexes interact with the Src homology SH3 domain of the Abl tyrosine kinase protein. Abl protein is involved in signal transduction and implicated in the development of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of the interaction of complex 2 with the Abl-SH3 domain showed that the most affected residues were T79, G97, W99, and Y115.
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Lahmidi S, Anouar EH, El Hafi M, Boulhaoua M, Ejjoummany A, El Jemli M, Essassi EM, Mague JT. Synthesis, X-ray, spectroscopic characterization, DFT and antioxidant activity of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Design and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of a Novel Organotin(IV) Complex with 1-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-3-ethyl-3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/2905840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel triphenyltin(IV) compound with 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3-ethyl-3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione was synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. In vitro anticancer activity of ligand precursor and synthesized organotin(IV) compound was determined against tumor cell lines: human adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human myelogenous leukemia (K562), and human breast cancer (MDA-MB-453), using microculture tetrazolium test (MTT) assay. The results indicate that complex exhibited very high antiproliferative activity against all tested cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 0.22 to 0.53 µM. The highest activity organotin(IV) compound expressed against the HeLa cells (IC50 = 0.22 ± 0.04 µM). The ligand precursor did not show anticancer activity (IC50 > 200 µM). Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy analysis of HeLa cells reveal that organotin(IV) complex induced apoptosis as a mode of cell death, which is consistent with the increase of cells in the sub-G1 phase.
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Wiśniewska J, Fandzloch M, Łakomska I. The reduction of ruthenium(III) complexes with triazolopyrimidine ligands by ascorbic acid and mechanistic insight into their action in anticancer therapy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fischer G. Recent advances in 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ong YC, Roy S, Andrews PC, Gasser G. Metal Compounds against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Chem Rev 2018; 119:730-796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yih Ching Ong
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
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Fandzloch M, Dobrzańska L, Jezierska J, Filip-Psurska B, Wiśniewska J, Wietrzyk J, Salas JM, Łakomska I. In search of new anticancer drug – Dimethylsulfoxide ruthenium(III) complex with bulky triazolopyrimidine derivative and preliminary studies towards understanding the mode of action. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Antiproliferative Activity of Gold(III) Complexes with Esters of Cyclohexyl-Functionalized Ethylenediamine-N,N’-Diacetate. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Six gold(III) complexes with esters of cyclohexyl-functionalized ethylenediamine-N,N’-diacetate, general formula [AuCl2{(S,S)-R2eddch}]PF6, [(S,S)-eddch = (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N’-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate, R = Me, Et, n-Pr, n-Bu, i-Bu, i-Am, 1–6, respectively], were tested against cancer cell lines such as human melanoma Fem-x, human colon carcinoma LS174T and non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 as well as a non-cancerous human embryonic lung fibroblasts MRC-5 using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with the aim of assessing in vitro antitumoral activity and selectivity. All investigated complexes showed lower cytotoxicity and better or similar selectivity in comparison to cisplatin, used as reference compound. Complex [AuCl2{(S,S)-(i-Am)2eddch}]PF6 (6) demonstrated the highest activity against Fem-x (IC50 = 14.98 ± 0.34 μM). Additionally, the same complex expressed 4.5 times higher selectivity than cisplatin.
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de Melo ACC, Santana JMSVP, da Costa Nunes KJR, de Amorim Marques M, de Oliveira GAP, Moraes AH, Pereira-Maia EC. Interactions of ruthenium(II) compounds with sulfasalazine and N,N′-heterocyclic ligands with proteins. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fandzloch M, Arriaga JMM, Sánchez-Moreno M, Wojtczak A, Jezierska J, Sitkowski J, Wiśniewska J, Salas JM, Łakomska I. Strategies for overcoming tropical disease by ruthenium complexes with purine analog: Application against Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 176:144-155. [PMID: 28910663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tropical diseases currently constitute a major health problem and thus a challenge in the field of drug discovery. The current treatments show serious disadvantages due to cost, toxicity, long therapy duration and resistance, and the use of metal complexes as chemotherapeutic agents against these ailments appears to be a very attractive alternative. Herein, we describe three newly synthesized ruthenium complexes with a bioactive molecule, the purine analogue 5,6,7-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tmtp): cis,fac-[RuCl2(dmso)3(tmtp)] (1), mer-[RuCl3(dmso)(H2O)(tmtp)]·2H2O (2) and fac,cis-[RuCl3(H2O)(tmtp)2] (3). Their structures were characterized using X-ray and spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR or EPR). The stability of the synthesized complexes 1-3 in various buffered solutions (pH=3-7.4) was monitored using conventional and stopped-flow techniques. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of all ruthenium complexes against promastigote forms of Leishmania spp. (L. infantum, L. braziliensis, and L. donovani) and epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi was investigated. Notably, the results showed that the activity of 1 against L. brasiliensis was more than three-fold higher than that of glucantime, and 1 showed no appreciable toxicity towards J774.2 macrophages. Additionally, 2 displayed even 141-fold lower toxicity against host cells than glucantime, demonstrating significantly higher selectivity than the reference drug. Therefore, 1 and 2 appear to be excellent candidates for further development as potential drugs for the effective treatment of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. All novel complexes were also shown to be potent inhibitors of Fe-SOD in the studied species, while their effects on human CuZn-SOD were very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | | | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Juan Manuel Salas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Iwona Łakomska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Pantelić N, Zmejkovski BB, Kolundžija B, Crnogorac MĐ, Vujić JM, Dojčinović B, Trifunović SR, Stanojković TP, Sabo TJ, Kaluđerović GN. In vitro antitumor activity, metal uptake and reactivity with ascorbic acid and BSA of some gold(III) complexes with N,N'-ethylenediamine bidentate ester ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 172:55-66. [PMID: 28433833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Four novel gold(III) complexes of general formulae [AuCl2{(S,S)-R2eddl}]PF6 (R2eddl=O,O'-dialkyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(4-methyl)pentanoate, R=n-Pr, n-Bu, n-Pe, i-Bu; 1-4, respectively), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, as well as high resolution mass spectrometry. Density functional theory calculations pointed out that (R,R)-N,N'-configuration diastereoisomers were energetically the most favorable. Duo to high cytotoxic activity complex 3 was chosen for stability study in DMSO, no decomposition occurs within 24h, and for the reaction with ascorbic acid in which was reduced immediately. Additionally, 3 interacts with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as proven by UV/Vis spectroscopy. In vitro antitumor activity was determined against human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human myelogenous leukemia (K562), and human melanoma (Fem-x) cancer cell lines, as well as against non-cancerous human embryonic lung fibroblast cells MRC-5. The highest activity was observed against K562 cells (IC50: 5.04-6.51μM). Selectivity indices showed that these complexes are less toxic than cisplatin. 3 had a similar viability kinetics on HeLa cells as cisplatin. Drug accumulation studies in HeLa cells showed that the total gold uptake increased much faster than that of cisplatin pointing out that 3 more efficiently enters the cells than cisplatin. Furthermore, morphological and cell cycle analysis reveal that gold(III) complexes induced apoptosis in time- and dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Pantelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Bojana B Zmejkovski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Jelena M Vujić
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
| | - Biljana Dojčinović
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srećko R Trifunović
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovica 12, P. O. Box 60, 34 000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Tibor J Sabo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran N Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Application of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5 -a ]pyrimidines for the design of coordination compounds with interesting structures and new biological properties. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Gold(III) Complex with O,O′-Diethyl Ester of Ethylenediamine-N,N′-Di-2-(4-Methyl)Pentanoic Acid. METALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/met6090226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Łakomska I, Stefańczak K, Fandzloch M, Sitkowski J, Filip-Psurska B, Wojtczak A. Use of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines to design new “piano-stool” ruthenium(II) compounds. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Ruthenium(III) complexes with monodentate 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one: Structural characterization, interaction with DNA and proteins. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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36
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Liu SH, Xu HH, Zhu JW, Wang Y, Liu YM, Liang JB, Zhang GQ, Cao DH, Lin YY, Guo QF, Wu Y. A ruthenium(II) complex binds protein and inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Lai SH, Jiang GB, Yao JH, Li W, Han BJ, Zhang C, Zeng CC, Liu YJ. Cytotoxic activity, DNA damage, cellular uptake, apoptosis and western blot analysis of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex against human lung decarcinoma A549 cell. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 152:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hoffmann K, Łakomska I, Wiśniewska J, Kaczmarek-Kędziera A, Wietrzyk J. Acetate platinum(II) compound with 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine that overcomes cisplatin resistance: structural characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity, and kinetic studies. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Hoffmann
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Iwona Łakomska
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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39
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Zhang Y, Lai L, Cai P, Cheng GZ, Xu XM, Liu Y. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of dinuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes linked by an alkyl chain. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer activity of three novel ruthenium complexes was studied and the cytotoxicity increased with the increase of the amount of methylene in the bridging ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Lu Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Yangtze University
- Jingzhoun
- China
| | - Ping Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Gong-Zhen Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xi-Ming Xu
- Cancer Center
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
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40
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Łakomska I, Fandzloch M, Wojtczak A. Dimeric ruthenium-triazolopyrimidine complex: Synthesis and structural characterization. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Caballero AB, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Quirós M, Salas JM, Huertas Ó, Ramírez-Macías I, Olmo F, Marín C, Chaves-Lemaur G, Gutierrez-Sánchez R, Sánchez-Moreno M. Triazolopyrimidine compounds containing first-row transition metals and their activity against the neglected infectious Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:526-34. [PMID: 25127147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease remain a significant global problem. Current treatments have serious disadvantage due to cost, toxicity, long therapy duration and resistance. In the last years increasing interest has arisen in drug development to fight both diseases. Recently, metal-based drugs have revealed as promising drugs in a variety of therapeutic areas. Herein we describe six newly synthesized transition metal complexes with a bioactive molecule 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp). All of them have been characterized by X-ray, spectroscopic and thermal methods. In vitro and in vivo studies (murine model) on the antiproliferative activity of these complexes against Leishmania spp. (Leishmania infantum, Leishmania braziliensis) and Trypanosoma cruzi have been carried out. Our results reveal a strong potential of three of the assayed compounds as antiparasitic agents against the above-mentioned infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Caballero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Quirós
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M Salas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Óscar Huertas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Olmo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Chaves-Lemaur
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ramón Gutierrez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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42
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Savić A, Filipović L, Aranđelović S, Dojčinović B, Radulović S, Sabo TJ, Grgurić-Šipka S. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity of novel platinum(II) iodido complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:372-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Metal-based anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 19:144-53. [PMID: 24608084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the cisplatin antitumor activity, great efforts have focused on the rational design of metal-based anticancer agents that can be potentially used in cancer chemotherapy. Over the last four decades, a large number of metal complexes have been extensively investigated and evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and some of them were at different stages of clinical studies. Amongst these complexes, platinum (Pt(II) and Pt(IV)), ruthenium (Ru(II) and Ru(III)), gold (Au(I) and Au(III)) and titanium (Ti(IV)) complexes are the most studied metals. We describe here some most recent progresses on Pt(IV) prodrugs which can be activated once enter tumor cells, polynuclear Pt(II) complexes which have unique DNA binding ability and mode, anti-metastatic Ru(II)/Ru(III) complexes, and Au(I)/Au(III) and Ti(IV) antitumor active complexes. The key focuses of these studies lie in finding novel metal complexes which could potentially overcome the hurdles of current clinical drugs including toxicity, resistance and other pharmacological deficiencies.
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44
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Han BJ, Jiang GB, Wang J, Li W, Huang HL, Liu YJ. The studies on bioactivity in vitro of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes towards human lung carcinoma A549 cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three complexes were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cellular uptake, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle arrest and western blot analysis were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Han
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Bin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Huang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, P.R. China
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45
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Jiang GB, Yao JH, Wang J, Li W, Han BJ, Xie YY, Lin GJ, Huang HL, Liu YJ. The induction of apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway by a ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complex. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cellular uptake, cell cycle arrest, ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, western blot analysis and DNA-binding induced by Ru1 were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun-Hua Yao
- Instrumentation Analysis and Research Center
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Han
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang-Yin Xie
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gan-Jian Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hong-Liang Huang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou, PR China
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46
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Wang J, Zhao X, Yan F, Wei L, Pan Q, Zhang F, Yang P. Synthesis and characterization of dinuclear (Hedta)Ru(III) complexes with N-heterocyclic ligands: magnetic properties and DNA-binding studies. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.848274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Wang
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Liuya Wei
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Qianxiu Pan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Fenglian Zhang
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, P.R. China
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47
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Pantelić N, Zmejkovski BB, Trifunović-Macedoljan J, Savić A, Stanković D, Damjanović A, Juranić Z, Kaluđerović GN, Sabo TJ. Gold(III) complexes with esters of cyclohexyl-functionalized ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetate. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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