1
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Chowdhury T, Murphy F, Kennedy AR, Wilson C, Farnaby JH, Weetman CE. Synthesis and Reactivity of Bis-tris(pyrazolyl)borate Lanthanide/Aluminum Heterobimetallic Trihydride Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9390-9394. [PMID: 38682828 PMCID: PMC11134492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular heterobimetallic hydride complexes of lanthanide (Ln) and main-group (MG) metals exhibit chemical properties unique from their monometallic counterparts and are highly reactive species, making their synthesis and isolation challenging. Herein, molecular Ln/Al heterobimetallic trihydrides [Ln(Tp)2(μ-H)2Al(H)(N″)] [2-Ln; Ln = Y, Sm, Dy, Yb; Tp = hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate; N″ = N(SiMe3)2] have been synthesized by facile insertion of aminoalane [Me3N·AlH3] into the Ln-N amide bonds of [Ln(Tp)2(N″)] (1-Ln). Thus, this is a simple synthetic strategy to access a range of Ln/Al hydrides. Reactivity studies demonstrate that 2-Ln is a heterobimetallic hydride, with evidence for the cooperative nature of 2-Ln shown by the catalytic amine-borane dehydrocoupling under ambient conditions in contrast to its monomeric counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajrian Chowdhury
- Joseph
Black Building, School of Chemistry, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Fáinché Murphy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Claire Wilson
- Joseph
Black Building, School of Chemistry, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Joy H. Farnaby
- Joseph
Black Building, School of Chemistry, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Catherine E. Weetman
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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2
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Omaña AA, Frenette BL, Dornsiepen E, Kobayashi R, Ferguson MJ, Iwamoto T, Rivard E. Frustrated Lewis pair-ligated tetrelenes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:774-786. [PMID: 36594250 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03807b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of [PB{SiX2}] (X = Cl, Br; PB = 1,2-iPr2(C6H4)BCy2; E = Si, Ge) adducts is described, with an initial focus on reduction attempts to access [PB{E}]x species; however, in all cases only free PB ligand was formed as the soluble product. Moreover, computations were performed to evaluate the energy penalty associated with EX2 dissociation from the PB chelates. Moving up the periodic table, the formal methylene adduct [PB{CH2}] was isolated and its reactivity was compared with its heavier element congeners of [PB{EH2}]. We also introduce new phosphine-borane frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chelates and explore preliminary coordination chemistry with these ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Brandon L Frenette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Eike Dornsiepen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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3
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Qu ZW, Zhu H, Streubel R, Grimme S. C‐H Deprotonation and C=C Hydrogenation of N‐heterocyclic Olefin with Calcium Hydride Complexes: Cooperative Ca‐H‐Ca Bridge versus Terminal Ca‐H bond. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wang Qu
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Beringstr. 4 D-53115 Bonn GERMANY
| | - Hui Zhu
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemsitry Bonn GERMANY
| | - Rainer Streubel
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Institut für Anorganische Chemie Bonn GERMANY
| | - Stefan Grimme
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Bonn GERMANY
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4
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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5
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Elsen H, Langer J, Ballmann G, Wiesinger M, Harder S. Insights into LiAlH 4 Catalyzed Imine Hydrogenation. Chemistry 2021; 27:401-411. [PMID: 32869898 PMCID: PMC7839755 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Commercial LiAlH4 can be used in catalytic quantities in the hydrogenation of imines to amines with H2 . Combined experimental and theoretical investigations give deeper insight in the mechanism and identifies the most likely catalytic cycle. Activity is lost when Li in LiAlH4 is exchanged for Na or K. Exchanging Al for B or Ga also led to dramatically reduced activities. This indicates a heterobimetallic mechanism in which cooperation between Li and Al is crucial. Potential intermediates on the catalytic pathway have been isolated from reactions of MAlH4 (M=Li, Na, K) and different imines. Depending on the imine, double, triple or quadruple imine insertion has been observed. Prolonged reaction of LiAlH4 with PhC(H)=NtBu led to a side-reaction and gave the double insertion product LiAlH2 [N]2 ([N]=N(tBu)CH2 Ph) which at higher temperature reacts further by ortho-metallation of the Ph ring. A DFT study led to a number of conclusions. The most likely catalyst for hydrogenation of PhC(H)=NtBu with LiAlH4 is LiAlH2 [N]2 . Insertion of a third imine via a heterobimetallic transition state has a barrier of +23.2 kcal mol-1 (ΔH). The rate-determining step is hydrogenolysis of LiAlH[N]3 with H2 with a barrier of +29.2 kcal mol-1 . In agreement with experiment, replacing Li for Na (or K) and Al for B (or Ga) led to higher calculated barriers. Also, the AlH4 - anion showed very high barriers. Calculations support the experimentally observed effects of the imine substituents at C and N: the lowest barriers are calculated for imines with aryl-substituents at C and alkyl-substituents at N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversity Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversity Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversity Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Wiesinger
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversity Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversity Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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6
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Izod K, Watson JM, Harrington RW, Clegg W. Phosphido-bis(borane) complexes of the alkaline earth metals. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1019-1024. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03895d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phosphido-bis(borane) complexes 2–4 crystallise with remarkably similar structures, in spite of the progressively increasing ionic radii of the metal centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Izod
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - James M. Watson
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Ross W. Harrington
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - William Clegg
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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7
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Gil-Negrete JM, Hevia E. Main group bimetallic partnerships for cooperative catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1982-1992. [PMID: 34163960 PMCID: PMC8179316 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade s-block metal catalysis has undergone a transformation from being an esoteric curiosity to a well-established and consolidated field towards sustainable synthesis. Earth-abundant metals such as Ca, Mg, and Al have shown eye-opening catalytic performances in key catalytic processes such as hydrosilylation, hydroamination or alkene polymerization. In parallel to these studies, s-block mixed-metal reagents have also been attracting widespread interest from scientists. These bimetallic reagents effect many cornerstone organic transformations, often providing enhanced reactivities and better chemo- and regioselectivities than conventional monometallic reagents. Despite a significant number of synthetic advances to date, most efforts have focused primarily on stoichiometric transformations. Merging these two exciting areas of research, this Perspective Article provides an overview on the emerging concept of s/p-block cooperative catalysis. Showcasing recent contributions from several research groups across the world, the untapped potential that these systems can offer in catalytic transformations is discussed with special emphasis placed on how synergistic effects can operate and the special roles played by each metal in these transformations. Advancing the understanding of the ground rules of s-block cooperative catalysis, the application of these bimetalic systems in a critical selection of catalytic transformations encompassing hydroamination, cyclisation, hydroboration to C-C bond forming processes are presented as well as their uses in important polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Gil-Negrete
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern CH3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern CH3012 Bern Switzerland
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8
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Nolla‐Saltiel R, Geer AM, Taylor LJ, Churchill O, Davies ES, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kays DL. Hydrophosphination of Activated Alkenes by a Cobalt(I) Pincer Complex. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M. Geer
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Laurence J. Taylor
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Olivia Churchill
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - E. Stephen Davies
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of ChemistryThe University of Sydney F11, Eastern Ave Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Deborah L. Kays
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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9
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Elsen H, Langer J, Wiesinger M, Harder S. Alkaline Earth Metal Aluminates as Catalysts for Imine Hydrogenation. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wiesinger
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Abstract
The catalytic dehydrocoupling of amine–boranes has recently received a great deal of attention due to its potential in hydrogen storage applications. The use of aluminum catalysts for this transformation would provide an additional cost-effective and sustainable approach towards the hydrogen economy. Herein, we report the use of both N-heterocyclic imine (NHI)- and carbene (NHC)-supported Al(III) hydrides and their role in the catalytic dehydrocoupling of Me2NHBH3. Differences in the σ-donating ability of the ligand class resulted in a more stable catalyst for NHI-Al(III) hydrides, whereas a deactivation pathway was found in the case of NHC-Al(III) hydrides.
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11
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Boom DHA, Jupp AR, Slootweg JC. Dehydrogenation of Amine-Boranes Using p-Block Compounds. Chemistry 2019; 25:9133-9152. [PMID: 30964220 PMCID: PMC6771515 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Amine-boranes have gained a lot of attention due to their potential as hydrogen storage materials and their capacity to act as precursors for transfer hydrogenation. Therefore, a lot of effort has gone into the development of suitable transition- and main-group metal catalysts for the dehydrogenation of amine-boranes. During the past decade, new systems started to emerge solely based on p-block elements that promote the dehydrogenation of amine-boranes through hydrogen-transfer reactions, polymerization initiation, and main-group catalysis. In this review, we highlight the development of these p-block based systems for stoichiometric and catalytic amine-borane dehydrogenation and discuss the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin H. A. Boom
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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12
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Robertson SD, Uzelac M, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal-Mediated Synergistic Effects in Polar Main Group Organometallic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8332-8405. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
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13
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Elsen H, Färber C, Ballmann G, Harder S. LiAlH 4 : From Stoichiometric Reduction to Imine Hydrogenation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7156-7160. [PMID: 29683545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Imine-to-amine conversion with catalytic instead of stoichiometric quantities of LiAlH4 is demonstrated (85 °C, catalyst loading≥2.5 mol %, pressure≥1 bar). The effects of temperature, pressure, solvent, and catalyst modifications, as well as the substrate scope are discussed. Experimental investigations and preliminary DFT calculations suggest that the catalytically active species is generated in situ: LiAlH4 +Ph(H)C=NtBu→LiAlH2 [N(tBu)CH2 Ph]2 . A cooperative mechanism in which Li and Al both play a prominent role is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Elsen H, Färber C, Ballmann G, Harder S. LiAlH4
: From Stoichiometric Reduction to Imine Hydrogenation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry; Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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15
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Pollard VA, Orr SA, McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Hevia E, Mulvey RE. Lithium diamidodihydridoaluminates: bimetallic cooperativity in catalytic hydroboration and metallation applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1233-1236. [PMID: 29336450 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cooperativity between the Li and Al centres is implicated in catalytic hydroboration reactions of aldehydes and ketones with pinacolborane via heteroleptic lithium diamidodihydridoaluminates. In addition to implementing hydroalumination, these versatile heteroleptic ates can also perform as amido bases as illustrated with an acidic triazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Pollard
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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16
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Nolla-Saltiel R, Geer AM, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kays DL. Dehydrogenation of dimethylamine-borane mediated by Group 1 pincer complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1825-1828. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08385h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal carbazolido complexes are precatalysts for the dehydrogenation of Me2NH·BH3, where the cation plays a vital role in the reaction outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M. Geer
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
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17
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Fonblanc D, Lopez-Ferber D, Wynn M, Lale A, Soleilhavoup A, Leriche A, Iwamoto Y, Rossignol F, Gervais C, Bernard S. Crosslinking chemistry of poly(vinylmethyl-co-methyl)silazanes toward low-temperature formable preceramic polymers as precursors of functional aluminium-modified Si–C–N ceramics. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14580-14593. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Study of the crosslinking chemistry of liquid polysilazanes with alane hydride-based complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mélanie Wynn
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes)
- UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM)
- Universite Montpellier
- Place E. Bataillon
- Montpellier
| | | | - Anne Soleilhavoup
- Sorbonne Université
- Collège de France
- UMR 7574
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris
- 75005 Paris
| | - Anne Leriche
- Laboratoire de Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés LMCPA
- UPRES EA 2443
- UVHC-ISTV
- 59600 Maubeuge
- France
| | - Yuji Iwamoto
- Nagoya Inst Technol
- Grad Sch Engn
- Dept Life Sci Appl Chem
- Aichi 4668555
- Japan
| | | | - Christel Gervais
- Sorbonne Université
- Collège de France
- UMR 7574
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris
- 75005 Paris
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18
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McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Orr SA, Robertson SD. 1-Alkali-metal-2-alkyl-1,2-dihydropyridines: Soluble Hydride Surrogates for Catalytic Dehydrogenative Coupling and Hydroboration Applications. Chemistry 2017; 23:16853-16861. [PMID: 28940713 PMCID: PMC5820744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Equipped with excellent hydrocarbon solubility, the lithium hydride surrogate 1-lithium-2-tert-butyl-1,2-dihydropyridine (1tLi) functions as a precatalyst to convert Me2 NH⋅BH3 to [NMe2 BH2 ]2 (89 % conversion) under competitive conditions (2.5 mol %, 60 h, 80 °C, toluene solvent) to that of previously reported LiN(SiMe3 )2 . Sodium and potassium dihydropyridine congeners produce similar high yields of [NMe2 BH2 ]2 but require longer times. Switching the solvent to pyridine induces a remarkable change in the dehydrocoupling product ratio, with (NMe2 )2 BH favoured over [NMe2 BH2 ]2 (e.g., 94 %:2 % for 1tLi). Demonstrating its versatility, precatalyst 1tLi was also successful in promoting hydroboration reactions between pinacolborane and a selection of aldehydes and ketones. Most reactions gave near quantitative conversion to the hydroborated products in 15 minutes, though sterically demanding carbonyl substrates require longer times. The mechanisms of these rare examples of Group 1 metal-catalysed processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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19
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Less RJ, Hanf S, García-Rodríguez R, Bond AD, Wright DS. A [HN(BH═NH)2]2– Dianion, Isoelectronic with a β-Diketiminate. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Less
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Schirin Hanf
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- University of Leipzig, Department of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Raúl García-Rodríguez
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel, Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andrew D. Bond
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Dominic S. Wright
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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20
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Erickson KA, Kiplinger JL. Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Dimethylamine Borane by Highly Active Thorium and Uranium Metallocene Complexes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla A. Erickson
- Chemistry Division, Mail
Stop J514, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jaqueline L. Kiplinger
- Chemistry Division, Mail
Stop J514, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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21
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McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Robertson SD, Mulvey RE. Lithium Dihydropyridine Dehydrogenation Catalysis: A Group 1 Approach to the Cyclization of Diamine Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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22
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McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Robertson SD, Mulvey RE. Lithium Dihydropyridine Dehydrogenation Catalysis: A Group 1 Approach to the Cyclization of Diamine Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1036-1041. [PMID: 28000994 PMCID: PMC5396369 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In reactions restricted previously to a ruthenium catalyst, a 1‐lithium‐2‐alkyl‐1,2‐dihydropyridine complex is shown to be a competitive alternative dehydrogenation catalyst for the transformation of diamine boranes into cyclic 1,3,2‐diazaborolidines, which can in turn be smoothly arylated in good yields. This study established the conditions and solvent dependence of the catalysis through NMR monitoring, with mechanistic insight provided by NMR (including DOSY) experiments and X‐ray crystallographic studies of several model lithio intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Samantha A Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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23
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Metters OJ, Flynn SR, Dowds CK, Sparkes HA, Manners I, Wass DF. Catalytic Dehydrocoupling of Amine–Boranes using Cationic Zirconium(IV)–Phosphine Frustrated Lewis Pairs. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen J. Metters
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Stephanie R. Flynn
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Christiana K. Dowds
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Duncan F. Wass
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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24
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Bellham P, Anker MD, Hill MS, Kociok-Köhn G, Mahon MF. The significance of secondary interactions during alkaline earth-promoted dehydrogenation of dialkylamine-boranes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13969-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of anilidoimine magnesium n-butyl and calcium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide derivatives with Me2NH·BH3 at 25 °C resulted in the isolation of complexes containing [NMe2BH2NMe2BH3]− and [NMe2BH3]− anions respectively.
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25
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Less RJ, García-Rodríguez R, Simmonds HR, Allen LK, Bond AD, Wright DS. Use of crown ethers to isolate intermediates in ammonia-borane dehydrocoupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3650-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 18-crown-6 in the Lewis acid-promoted dehydrocoupling reaction of ammonia borane permits isolation of [(THF)BH2NH3]+ cation.
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26
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Erickson KA, Stelmach JPW, Mucha NT, Waterman R. Zirconium-Catalyzed Amine Borane Dehydrocoupling and Transfer Hydrogenation. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla A. Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - John P. W. Stelmach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Neil T. Mucha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, United States
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27
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Less RJ, Allen LK, Steiner A, Wright DS. Multiple deprotonation of primary aromatic diamines by LiAlH4. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4141-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of LiAlH4with 1,2-phenylenediamine (1H4) in THF gives [{Al(1H2)}2{Al(1H)2}2][Li(THF)2]4, containing the largest aluminate of its type so far reported.
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28
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Roberts AJ, Clegg W, Kennedy AR, Probert MR, Robertson SD, Hevia E. Two alternative approaches to access mixed hydride-amido zinc complexes: synthetic, structural and solution implications. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8169-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene, Zn(HMDS)2can be converted in to either a mononuclear amido/hydride complex or a tetranuclear hydride rich cluster depending on the hydride source and reaction conditions employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Roberts
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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29
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30
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Erickson KA, Dixon LS, Wright DS, Waterman R. Exploration of tin-catalyzed phosphine dehydrocoupling: Catalyst effects and observation of tin-catalyzed hydrophosphination. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Bellham P, Hill MS, Kociok-Köhn G. Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactivity of tert-Butylamine–Borane with Calcium Silylamides. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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32
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He G, Shynkaruk O, Lui MW, Rivard E. Small Inorganic Rings in the 21st Century: From Fleeting Intermediates to Novel Isolable Entities. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7815-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400547x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Melanie W. Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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33
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Vance JR, Schäfer A, Robertson APM, Lee K, Turner J, Whittell GR, Manners I. Iron-Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling/Dehydrogenation of Amine–Boranes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3048-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ja410129j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Vance
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - André Schäfer
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Kajin Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Joshua Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - George R. Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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34
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35
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Li L, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Qiu F, An C, Jiao L, Yuan H. NbN nanoparticles as additive for the high dehydrogenation properties of LiAlH4. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:1806-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), Tianjin Key Lab of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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36
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Less RJ, Simmonds HR, Wright DS. Reactivity and catalytic activity of tert-butoxy-aluminium hydride reagents. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5785-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00152d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity and catalytic activity of thetert-butoxy aluminium hydride reagents [(tBuO)xAlH3−x] [x= 1 (1), 2 (2)] and (L)Li[(tBuO)2AlH2] [L = THF (3), 1,4-dioxane (4)] were investigated. These reagents exhibit interesting reactivity and catalyse the dehydrocoupling reaction of the amine–borane Me2NHBH3into the ring compound [Me2NBH2]2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Less
- Chemistry Department
- Cambridge University
- Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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37
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Cui P, Spaniol TP, Maron L, Okuda J. Dehydrogenation of AmineBorane Me2NH⋅BH3Catalyzed by a LanthanumHydride Complex. Chemistry 2013; 19:13437-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Myers TW, Berben LA. Aluminum–Ligand Cooperative N–H Bond Activation and an Example of Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9988-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4032874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A. Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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