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Gill R, Al-Badr M, Alghouti M, Mohamed NA, Abou-Saleh H, Rahman MM. Revolutionizing Cardiovascular Health with Nano Encapsulated Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Nano-Solution Approach. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:256. [PMID: 38921567 PMCID: PMC11204627 DOI: 10.3390/md22060256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) offer diverse health benefits, such as supporting cardiovascular health, improving cognitive function, promoting joint and musculoskeletal health, and contributing to healthy aging. Despite their advantages, challenges like oxidation susceptibility, low bioavailability, and potential adverse effects at high doses persist. Nanoparticle encapsulation emerges as a promising avenue to address these limitations while preserving stability, enhanced bioavailability, and controlled release. This comprehensive review explores the therapeutic roles of omega-3 fatty acids, critically appraising their shortcomings and delving into modern encapsulation strategies. Furthermore, it explores the potential advantages of metal-organic framework nanoparticles (MOF NPs) compared to other commonly utilized nanoparticles in improving the therapeutic effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids within drug delivery systems (DDSs). Additionally, it outlines future research directions to fully exploit the therapeutic benefits of these encapsulated omega-3 formulations for cardiovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gill
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (R.G.); (M.A.-B.)
| | - Mashael Al-Badr
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (R.G.); (M.A.-B.)
| | - Mohammad Alghouti
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Nura Adam Mohamed
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (R.G.); (M.A.-B.)
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Fan Y, Li Z, Shi J, Liu S, Li L, Ding L, Zhao J, Pan Y, Lei H, He T, Li W, Li X, Mi Y, Ma L. The association between prepregnancy dietary fatty acids and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:484-493. [PMID: 38194788 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epidemiologic studies have examined the association between dietary fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in general populations. Evidence regarding their associations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate prepregnancy fatty acids intake in relation to GDM risk. METHODS 3,725 pregnant women from the Xi'an Birth Cohort Study who were free of previous GDM or pre-existing chronic diseases were included. Dietary intake of total fat and individual fatty acids (including saturated fatty acids [SFA], monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA], polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], and trans fatty acids) during the year preceding pregnancy was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire before 16 weeks of gestation. GDM was confirmed based on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Log-binomial or modified Poisson regression models were applied to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95%CIs) of GDM for fatty acids intake. Generalized linear regression was adopted for blood glucose levels with fatty acids intake. RESULTS 644 (17.3 %) incident GDM cases were confirmed in our study. Participants in the highest intake of total fat substituting for carbohydrates had a 33 % reduced risk of GDM than those in the lowest intake (RR:0.67; 95%CI:0.55,0.81). For individual fatty acids, only PUFA intake was associated with a lower risk of GDM, with RR comparing extreme tertiles of 0.61 (95%CI:0.49,0.76). Each 2 % increase in energy from total fat and PUFA replacing carbohydrates decreased the risk of GDM by 6 % (95%CI:3 %,9 %) and 15 % (95%CI:9 %,21 %), respectively. Similar inverse associations with intake of total fat and PUFA were observed for blood glucose levels. Further analyses of SFA substitution showed that replacement of 2 % energy from SFA with PUFA and MUFA was associated with 26 % (RR:0.74; 95%CI:0.62,0.88) and 30 % (RR:0.70; 95%CI:0.50, 0.98) decreased risk of GDM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Greater intake of total fat and PUFA before pregnancy was associated with lower risk of GDM when replacing carbohydrates. Substitution SFA with PUFA and MUFA was also inversely associated with GDM risk. These findings support the important role of optimal dietary fatty acids composition in the prevention of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhaofang Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jia Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sijiao Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lintian Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lu Ding
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yunjin Pan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Haoyuan Lei
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tongqiang He
- Department of Obstetrics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuelan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Obstetrics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Ayseli MT, Çetinkaya T, Ayseli YI. Innovative Food Safety Approaches and Nutraceuticals to Promote Children's Health on Future Outbreaks with the Reflection of COVID-19. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1458:349-369. [PMID: 39102208 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-61943-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
After the COVID-19 pandemic, innovative methods have emerged for the management of food safety, child nutrition has become more important than ever, and increasing attention has been paid to the consequences of COVID-19. For instance, since SARS-CoV-2 is an animal-based zoonotic virus, there is a changing trend in consumer preferences from conventional meat products to cultured meat and vegan supplementation. Due to the effects mentioned, this chapter provides strategic guidance on novel foods, food safety innovations, and novel health and safety procedures in public places such as restaurants or bars. There are also long-term health impacts on children in the aftermath of COVID-19. Since the risk of myopia is one of the important long-term effects to be considered, trending nutritional immunology approaches are presented to reduce emerging problems in child eye health. The enhancement of immune system remains problematic for many children considering that they cannot use the COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, this chapter also emphasizes the importance of breastfeeding on the side effects of viral infections and new supplements, such as probiotic drops, to improve children's and babies' immune health. Additionally, efforts should be undertaken to improve nanoencapsulation techniques to prepare for future epidemics and pandemics. Nanomaterial-supported nutraceuticals, nanoencapsulation of functional ingredients or their nanoparticles, and nano-combination of phytochemicals, fatty acids, or probiotics should be investigated to improve the immunity of children. In this sense, detailed further research in this area needs to be adapted to innovative technologies for the treatment of infants and children against future zoonotic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Turan Ayseli
- Faculty of Hamidiye Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, 34668, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- Genetris Consulting, 33281, Mersin, Türkiye.
| | - Turgay Çetinkaya
- Department of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Ipek Ayseli
- Mezitli Merkez Family Health Center, 33330, Mersin, Türkiye
- Department of Health Management, Graduate Education Institute of Toros University, 33140, Mersin, Türkiye
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Nana G, Mitra S, Watson H, Young C, Wood HM, Perry SL, Race AD, Quirke P, Toogood GJ, Loadman PM, Hull MA. Luminal Bioavailability of Orally Administered ω-3 PUFAs in the Distal Small Intestine, and Associated Changes to the Ileal Microbiome, in Humans with a Temporary Ileostomy. J Nutr 2021; 151:2142-2152. [PMID: 34036331 PMCID: PMC8349127 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral administration of purified omega-3 (ω-3) PUFAs is associated with changes to the fecal microbiome. However, it is not known whether this effect is associated with increased PUFA concentrations in the gut. OBJECTIVES We investigated the luminal bioavailability of oral ω-3 PUFAs (daily dose 1 g EPA and 1g DHA free fatty acid equivalents as triglycerides in soft-gel capsules, twice daily) and changes to the gut microbiome, in the ileum. METHODS Ileostomy fluid (IF) and blood were obtained at baseline, after first capsule dosing (median 2 h), and at a similar time after final dosing on day 28, in 11 individuals (median age 63 y) with a temporary ileostomy. Fatty acids were measured by LC-tandem MS. The ileal microbiome was characterized by 16S rRNA PCR and Illumina sequencing. RESULTS There was a mean 6.0 ± 9.8-fold and 6.6 ± 9.6-fold increase in ileal EPA and DHA concentrations (primary outcome), respectively, at 28 d, which was associated with increased RBC ω-3 PUFA content (P ≤ 0.05). The first oral dose did not increase the ileal ω-3 PUFA concentration except in 4 individuals, who displayed high luminal EPA and DHA concentrations, which reduced to concentrations similar to the overall study population at day 28, suggesting physiological adaptation. Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Streptococcus were abundant bacterial genera in the ileum. Ileal microbiome variability over time and between individuals was large, with no consistent change associated with acute ω-3 PUFA dosing. However, high concentrations of EPA and DHA in IF on day 28 were associated with higher abundance of Bacteroides (r2 > 0.86, P < 0.05) and reduced abundance of other genera, including Actinomyces (r2 > 0.94, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of ω-3 PUFAs leads to increased luminal ω-3 PUFA concentrations and changes to the microbiome, in the ileum of individuals with a temporary ileostomy. This study is registered on the ISRCTN registry as ISRCTN14530452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael Nana
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Suparna Mitra
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Watson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Young
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Henry M Wood
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda D Race
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Quirke
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Giles J Toogood
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Hull
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Paulo MC, Marques J, Cardoso C, Coutinho J, Gomes R, Gomes-Bispo A, Afonso C, Bandarra NM. The development of a novel functional food: bioactive lipids in yogurts enriched with Aurantiochytrium sp. biomass. Food Funct 2021; 11:9721-9728. [PMID: 33063067 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01884h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Western diets are poor in healthy n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid. Since microalga Aurantiochytrium sp. is rich in docosahexaenoic acid, a functional food based on lean yogurt and this microalga was tested. This study entailed characterizing the lipid fraction and determining the fatty acid bioaccessibility. The tested yogurts (control and 2% w/w, Aurantiochytrium sp.) had differences. Docosahexaenoic acid was not detected in the control product, but it was the second most important fatty acid in Aurantiochytrium sp. and Aurantiochytrium yogurt, 29.7 ± 0.4% and 18.7 ± 2.0%, respectively. Based on the fatty acid profile only, an amount of 158.7 g of Aurantiochytrium yogurt in wet weight terms would be required to ensure an appropriate intake of healthy fatty acids. Generally, the fatty acid bioaccessibility was not high, remaining below 60-70% in almost all cases. Considering the docosahexaenoic acid bioaccessibility (44 ± 3%), an amount of 360.7 g of Aurantiochytrium yogurt would be advisable. A reasonable dietary prescription would be a daily consumption of 125 ml of Aurantiochytrium yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Paulo
- Depsiextracta Tecnologias Biológicas Lda, Zona Industrial do Monte da Barca, lote 62, rua H, Coruche, Portugal
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Ghasemi Fard S, Loh SP, Turchini GM, Wang B, Elliott G, Sinclair AJ. Microencapsulated Tuna Oil Results in Higher Absorption of DHA in Toddlers. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010248. [PMID: 31963702 PMCID: PMC7019307 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential component for brain and visual acuity development during foetal and early postnatal life. A newly released directive under the European Commission stipulates DHA as a mandatory ingredient in infant formula. This poses challenges to manufacturers in preserving the stability and bioavailability of DHA at levels akin to human breast milk. The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the bioavailability of microencapsulated omega-3 DHA formulations in healthy toddlers compared with high DHA fish oil for a one-month period and (b) to assess the effect of DHA supplementation on children’s sleep and cry patterns. Sixty toddlers were randomly allocated to four groups: 1. unfortified formula, 2. unfortified formula plus high DHA tuna oil, 3. fortified formula with dairy-based microencapsulated high DHA tuna oil powder, and 4. fortified formula with allergenic-free microencapsulated high DHA tuna oil powder. Bioavailability was assessed from both blood and faecal fatty acid levels. The results showed an enhanced bioavailability with significantly greater concentrations of blood DHA levels in formulas with microencapsulated powders. There were no significant effects of treatment on sleep and cry patterns. Application and delivery of microencapsulated DHA tuna oil powder in toddlers’ formula provided better bioavailability of the active DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su Peng Loh
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Giovanni M. Turchini
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Behavioural and Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
| | - Glenn Elliott
- Nu-Mega Ingredients Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.G.F.); (G.E.)
| | - Andrew J. Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-0414906341
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7
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Watson H, Mitra S, Croden FC, Taylor M, Wood HM, Perry SL, Spencer JA, Quirke P, Toogood GJ, Lawton CL, Dye L, Loadman PM, Hull MA. A randomised trial of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements on the human intestinal microbiota. Gut 2018; 67:1974-1983. [PMID: 28951525 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anticolorectal cancer (CRC) activity. The intestinal microbiota has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Dietary omega-3 PUFAs alter the mouse intestinal microbiome compatible with antineoplastic activity. Therefore, we investigated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplements on the faecal microbiome in middle-aged, healthy volunteers (n=22). DESIGN A randomised, open-label, cross-over trial of 8 weeks' treatment with 4 g mixed eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid in two formulations (soft-gel capsules and Smartfish drinks), separated by a 12-week 'washout' period. Faecal samples were collected at five time-points for microbiome analysis by 16S ribosomal RNA PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid analysis was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Both omega-3 PUFA formulations induced similar changes in RBC fatty acid content, except that drinks were associated with a larger, and more prolonged, decrease in omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid than the capsule intervention (p=0.02). There were no significant changes in α or β diversity, or phyla composition, associated with omega-3 PUFA supplementation. However, a reversible increased abundance of several genera, including Bifidobacterium, Roseburia and Lactobacillus was observed with one or both omega-3 PUFA interventions. Microbiome changes did not correlate with RBC omega-3 PUFA incorporation or development of omega-3 PUFA-induced diarrhoea. There were no treatment order effects. CONCLUSION Omega-3 PUFA supplementation induces a reversible increase in several short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, independently of the method of administration. There is no simple relationship between the intestinal microbiome and systemic omega-3 PUFA exposure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN18662143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Watson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Suparna Mitra
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Leeds General Infirmary, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Fiona C Croden
- Human Appetite Research Unit (Nutrition and Behaviour Research Group), School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Morag Taylor
- Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Henry M Wood
- Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jade A Spencer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Phil Quirke
- Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Giles J Toogood
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Clare L Lawton
- Human Appetite Research Unit (Nutrition and Behaviour Research Group), School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Louise Dye
- Human Appetite Research Unit (Nutrition and Behaviour Research Group), School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Mark A Hull
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Grassby T, Mandalari G, Grundy MML, Edwards CH, Bisignano C, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, Chessa S, Ray S, Sanderson J, Berry SE, Ellis PR, Waldron KW. In vitro and in vivo modeling of lipid bioaccessibility and digestion from almond muffins: The importance of the cell-wall barrier mechanism. J Funct Foods 2017; 37:263-271. [PMID: 29034005 PMCID: PMC5628021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms of lipid bioaccessibility from almond muffins. An in vitro dynamic gastric model was used to simulate human digestion. A pilot ileostomy study was performed to define the rate of lipid release. Microstructural analysis proved that some lipid remained encapsulated within matrix. The cell-wall is the main factor regulating the lipid bioaccessibility.
This study compares in vitro and in vivo models of lipid digestion from almond particles within a complex food matrix (muffins) investigating whether the cell-wall barrier regulates the bioaccessibility of nutrients within this matrix. Muffins containing small (AF) or large (AP) particles of almond were digested in triplicate using an in vitro dynamic gastric model (DGM, 1 h) followed by a static duodenal digestion (8 h). AF muffins had 97.1 ± 1.7% of their lipid digested, whereas AP muffins had 57.6 ± 1.1% digested. In vivo digestion of these muffins by an ileostomy volunteer (0–10 h) gave similar results with 96.5% and 56.5% lipid digested, respectively. The AF muffins produced a higher postprandial triacylglycerol iAUC response (by 61%) than the AP muffins. Microstructural analysis showed that some lipid remained encapsulated within the plant tissue throughout digestion. The cell-wall barrier mechanism is the main factor in regulating lipid bioaccessibility from almond particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Grassby
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Myriam M-L Grundy
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Cathrina H Edwards
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Shuvra Ray
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah E Berry
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Peter R Ellis
- Biopolymers Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Chen XW, Chen YJ, Wang JM, Guo J, Yin SW, Yang XQ. Phytosterol structured algae oil nanoemulsions and powders: improving antioxidant and flavor properties. Food Funct 2016; 7:3694-702. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00449k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterol structured algae oil nanoemulsions and powders were obtained using a one-pot sonification strategy and followed by spray-drying. β-Sitosterol and γ-oryzanol co-structured microencapsulation is a technique for burying fishy odor and preventing oil oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Chen
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Mei Wang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guo
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Wei Yin
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Quan Yang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
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10
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Augustin MA, Sanguansri L. Challenges and Solutions to Incorporation of Nutraceuticals in Foods. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2015; 6:463-77. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia; ,
| | - Luz Sanguansri
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia; ,
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11
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Bioequivalence of n-3 fatty acids from microencapsulated fish oil formulations in human subjects. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:822-31. [PMID: 25711158 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451400436x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil n-3 fatty acids (FA) have known health benefits. Microencapsulation stabilises and protects fish oil from oxidation, enabling its incorporation into foods. The aim of the present study was to compare the bioavailability of n-3 FA delivered as two microencapsulated fish oil-formulated powders or fish oil gel capsules (FOGC) taken with a flavoured milk in healthy participants. Formulation 1 (F1) composed of a heated mixture of milk protein-sugar as an encapsulant, and formulation 2 (F2) comprised a heated mixture of milk protein-sugar-resistant starch as an encapsulant. Participants consumed 4 g fish oil (approximately 1·0 g EPA and DHA equivalent per dose). Bioavailability was assessed acutely after ingestion of a single dose by measuring total plasma FA composition over a period of 48 h (n 14) using a randomised cross-over design, and over the short term for a period of 4 weeks using an unblinded parallel design (after daily supplementation) by measuring total plasma and erythrocyte FA composition at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks (n 47). In the acute study, F1 greatly increased (% Δ) plasma EPA and total n-3 FA levels at 2 and 4 h and DHA levels at 4 h compared with FOGC. The time to reach maximal plasma values (T(max)) was shorter for F1 than for FOGC or F2. In the short-term study, increases in plasma and erythrocyte n-3 FA values were similar for all treatments and achieved an omega-3 index in the range of 5·8-6·3 % after 4 weeks. Overall, the results demonstrated human bioequivalence for microencapsulated fish oil powder compared with FOGC.
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12
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Chung C, McClements DJ. Structure–function relationships in food emulsions: Improving food quality and sensory perception. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Augustin MA, Sanguansri L, Rusli JK, Shen Z, Cheng LJ, Keogh J, Clifton P. Digestion of microencapsulated oil powders: in vitro lipolysis and in vivo absorption from a food matrix. Food Funct 2014; 5:2905-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00743c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation provides a vehicle for the incorporation of fats and oils into powders that can be used as dry ingredients in an expanded variety of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship
- Australia
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship
- Werribee, Australia
| | - Luz Sanguansri
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship
- Australia
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship
- Werribee, Australia
| | - Jenny Kartika Rusli
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship
- Australia
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship
- Werribee, Australia
| | - Zhiping Shen
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship
- Australia
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship
- Werribee, Australia
| | - Li Jiang Cheng
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship
- Australia
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship
- Werribee, Australia
| | - Jennifer Keogh
- Sansom Institute
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Australia
| | - Peter Clifton
- Sansom Institute
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences
- University of South Australia
- Australia
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14
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Marze S. A coarse-grained simulation to study the digestion and bioaccessibility of lipophilic nutrients and micronutrients in emulsion. Food Funct 2014; 5:129-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60184f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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McClements DJ. Utilizing food effects to overcome challenges in delivery of lipophilic bioactives: structural design of medical and functional foods. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1621-32. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.837448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Schuchardt JP, Hahn A. Bioavailability of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:1-8. [PMID: 23676322 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Supplements have reached a prominent role in improving the supply of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5n-3) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3). Similar to other nutrients, the availability of omega-3 fatty acids is highly variable and determined by numerous factors. However, the question of omega-3 fatty acids bioavailability has long been disregarded, which may have contributed to the neutral or negative results concerning their effects in several studies. This review provides an overview of the influence of chemical binding form (free fatty acids bound in ethylesters, triacylglycerides or phospholipids), matrix effects (capsule ingestion with concomitant intake of food, fat content in food) or galenic form (i.e. microencapsulation, emulsification) on the bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids. There is a need to systematically investigate the bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids formulations, which might be a key to designing more effective studies in the future.
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