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Kirichuk O, Srimasorn S, Zhang X, Roberts ARE, Coche-Guerente L, Kwok JCF, Bureau L, Débarre D, Richter RP. Competitive Specific Anchorage of Molecules onto Surfaces: Quantitative Control of Grafting Densities and Contamination by Free Anchors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18410-18423. [PMID: 38049433 PMCID: PMC10734310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of surfaces decorated with biomacromolecules such as proteins, glycans, or nucleic acids with well-controlled orientations and densities is of critical importance for the design of in vitro models, e.g., synthetic cell membranes and interaction assays. To this effect, ligand molecules are often functionalized with an anchor that specifically binds to a surface with a high density of binding sites, providing control over the presentation of the molecules. Here, we present a method to robustly and quantitatively control the surface density of one or several types of anchor-bearing molecules by tuning the relative concentrations of target molecules and free anchors in the incubation solution. We provide a theoretical background that relates incubation concentrations to the final surface density of the molecules of interest and present effective guidelines toward optimizing incubation conditions for the quantitative control of surface densities. Focusing on the biotin anchor, a commonly used anchor for interaction studies, as a salient example, we experimentally demonstrate surface density control over a wide range of densities and target molecule sizes. Conversely, we show how the method can be adapted to quality control the purity of end-grafted biopolymers such as biotinylated glycosaminoglycans by quantifying the amount of residual free biotin reactant in the sample solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Kirichuk
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,
Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre
for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Université
Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sumitra Srimasorn
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,
Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre
for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,
Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre
for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Abigail R. E. Roberts
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,
Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre
for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Liliane Coche-Guerente
- Département
de Chimie Moléculaire, Université
Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jessica C. F. Kwok
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Institute
of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lionel Bureau
- Université
Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ralf P. Richter
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,
Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre
for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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2
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Kaushik G, Gupta K, Harms V, Torr E, Evans J, Johnson HJ, Soref C, Acevedo‐Acevedo S, Antosiewicz‐Bourget J, Mamott D, Uhl P, Johnson BP, Palecek SP, Beebe DJ, Thomson JA, Daly WT, Murphy WL. Engineered Perineural Vascular Plexus for Modeling Developmental Toxicity. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000825. [PMID: 32613760 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a vital need to develop in vitro models of the developing human brain to recapitulate the biological effects that toxic compounds have on the brain. To model perineural vascular plexus (PNVP) in vitro, which is a key stage in embryonic development, human embryonic stem cells (hESC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs), neural progenitor cells, and microglia (MG) with primary pericytes (PCs) in synthetic hydrogels in a custom-designed microfluidics device are cocultured. The formation of a vascular plexus that includes networks of ECs (CD31+, VE-cadherin+), MG (IBA1+), and PCs (PDGFRβ+), and an overlying neuronal layer that includes differentiated neuronal cells (βIII Tubulin+, GFAP+) and radial glia (Nestin+, Notch2NL+), are characterized. Increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion and differential metabolite secretion by the vascular plexus and the neuronal cells over time are consistent with PNVP functionality. Multiple concentrations of developmental toxicants (teratogens, microglial disruptor, and vascular network disruptors) significantly reduce the migration of ECs and MG toward the neuronal layer, inhibit formation of the vascular network, and decrease vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secretion. By quantifying 3D cell migration, metabolic activity, vascular network disruption, and cytotoxicity, the PNVP model may be a useful tool to make physiologically relevant predictions of developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Kartik Gupta
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave. Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Victoria Harms
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Elizabeth Torr
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Jonathan Evans
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Hunter J. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Cheryl Soref
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Suehelay Acevedo‐Acevedo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | | | - Daniel Mamott
- Morgridge Institute for Research 330 N Orchard St Madison WI 53715 USA
| | - Peyton Uhl
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Brian P. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1685 Highland Ave. Madison WI 53705 USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Center Research 600 Highland Ave. Madison WI 53792 USA
| | - James A. Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research 330 N Orchard St Madison WI 53715 USA
| | - William T. Daly
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1111 Highland Ave., WIMR 5418 Madison WI 53705 USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
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3
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Le NNT, Liu TL, Johnston J, Krutty JD, Templeton KM, Harms V, Dias A, Le H, Gopalan P, Murphy WL. Customized hydrogel substrates for serum-free expansion of functional hMSCs. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3819-3829. [PMID: 32543628 PMCID: PMC7436193 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a screening approach to identify customized substrates for serum-free human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) culture. In particular, we combine a biomaterials screening approach with design of experiments (DOE) and multivariate analysis (MVA) to understand the effects of substrate stiffness, substrate adhesivity, and media composition on hMSC behavior in vitro. This approach enabled identification of poly(ethylene glycol)-based and integrin binding hydrogel substrate compositions that supported functional hMSC expansion in multiple serum-containing and serum-free media, as well as the expansion of MSCs from multiple, distinct sources. The identified substrates were compatible with standard thaw, seed, and harvest protocols. Finally, we used MVA on the screening data to reveal the importance of serum and substrate stiffness on hMSC expansion, highlighting the need for customized cell culture substrates in optimal hMSC biomanufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nhi T Le
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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4
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Rathod ML, Ahn J, Saha B, Purwar P, Lee Y, Jeon NL, Lee J. PDMS Sylgard 527-Based Freely Suspended Ultrathin Membranes Exhibiting Mechanistic Characteristics of Vascular Basement Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40388-40400. [PMID: 30360091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past, significant effort has been made to develop ultrathin membranes exhibiting physiologically relevant mechanical properties, such as thickness and elasticity of native basement membranes. However, most of these fabricated membranes have a relatively high elastic modulus, ∼MPa-GPa, relevant only to retinal and epithelial basement membranes. Vascular basement membranes exhibiting relatively low elastic modulus, ∼kPa, on the contrary, have seldom been mimicked. Membranes demonstrating high compliance, with moduli ranging in ∼kPa along with sub-microscale thicknesses have rarely been reported, and would be ideal to mimic vascular basement membranes in vitro. To address this, we fabricate ultrathin membranes demonstrating the mechanistic features exhibited by their vascular biological counterparts. Salient features of the fabricated ultrathin membranes include free suspension, physiologically relevant thickness ∼sub-micrometers, relatively low modulus ∼kPa, and sufficiently large culture area ∼20 mm2. To fabricate such ultrathin membranes, undiluted PDMS Sylgard 527 was utilized as opposed to the conventional diluted polymer-solvent mixture approach. In addition, the necessity to have a sacrificial layer for releasing membranes from the underlying substrates was also eliminated in our approach. The novelty of our work lies in achieving the distinct combination of membranes having thickness in sub-micrometers and the associated elasticity in kilopascal using undiluted polymer, which past approaches with dilution have not been able to accomplish. The ultrathin membranes with average thickness of 972 nm (thick) and 570 nm (thin) were estimated to have an elastic modulus of 45 and 214 kPa, respectively. Contact angle measurements revealed the ultrathin membranes exhibited hybrophobic characteristics in unpeeled state and transformed to hydrophilic behavior when freely suspended. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on the polymeric ultrathin membranes, and the temporal cell response to change in local compliance of the membranes was studied by evaluating the cell spread area, density, percentage area coverage, and spread rate. After 24 h, single cells, pairs, and group of three to four cells were noticed on highly compliant thick membranes, having average thickness of 972 nm and modulus of 45 kPa. On the contrary, the cell monolayer was noted on the glass slide acting as a control. For the thin membranes featuring average thickness of 570 nm and modulus of 214 kPa, the cells tend to exhibit response similar to that on control with initiation of monolayer formation. Our results indicate, the local compliance, in turn, the membrane thickness governs the cell behavior and this can have vital implications during disease initiation and progression, wound healing, and cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh L Rathod
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Jungho Ahn
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Chemical Engineering Department , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , Odisha , India 769008
| | - Prashant Purwar
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
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5
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Adamson K, Spain E, Prendergast U, Moran N, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. Peptide-Mediated Platelet Capture at Gold Micropore Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32189-32201. [PMID: 27933817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ordered spherical cap gold cavity arrays with 5.4, 1.6, and 0.98 μm diameter apertures were explored as capture surfaces for human blood platelets to investigate the impact of surface geometry and chemical modification on platelet capture efficiency and their potential as platforms for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of single platelets. The substrates were chemically modified with single-constituent self-assembled monolayers (SAM) or mixed SAMs comprised of thiol-functionalized arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD, a platelet integrin target) with or without 1-octanethiol (adhesion inhibitor). As expected, platelet adhesion was promoted and inhibited at RGD and alkanethiol modified surfaces, respectively. Platelet adhesion was reversible, and binding efficiency at the peptide modified substrates correlated inversely with pore diameter. Captured platelets underwent morphological change on capture, the extent of which depended on the topology of the underlying substrate. Regioselective capture of the platelets enabled study for the first time of the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of single blood platelets, yielding high quality Raman spectroscopy of individual platelets at 1.6 μm diameter pore arrays. Given the medical importance of blood platelets across a range of diseases from cancer to psychiatric illness, such approaches to platelet capture may provide a useful route to Raman spectroscopy for platelet related diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Adamson
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine Spain
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Una Prendergast
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moran
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert J Forster
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin 9, Ireland
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6
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Le NNT, Zorn S, Schmitt SK, Gopalan P, Murphy WL. Hydrogel arrays formed via differential wettability patterning enable combinatorial screening of stem cell behavior. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:93-103. [PMID: 26386315 PMCID: PMC4794413 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have developed a novel method for forming hydrogel arrays using surfaces patterned with differential wettability. Our method for benchtop array formation is suitable for enhanced-throughput, combinatorial screening of biochemical and biophysical cues from chemically defined cell culture substrates. We demonstrated the ability to generate these arrays without the need for liquid handling systems and screened the combinatorial effects of substrate stiffness and immobilized cell adhesion peptide concentration on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior during short-term 2-dimensional cell culture. Regardless of substrate stiffness, hMSC initial cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation were linearly correlated with immobilized CRGDS peptide concentration. Increasing substrate stiffness also resulted in increased hMSC initial cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation; however, examination of the combinatorial effects of CRGDS peptide concentration and substrate stiffness revealed potential interplay between these distinct substrate signals. Maximal hMSC proliferation seen on substrates with either high stiffness or high CRGDS peptide concentration suggests that some baseline level of cytoskeletal tension was required for hMSC proliferation on hydrogel substrates and that multiple substrate signals could be engineered to work in synergy to promote mechanosensing and regulate cell behavior. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Our novel array formation method using surfaces patterned with differential wettability offers the advantages of benchtop array formation for 2-dimensional cell cultures and enhanced-throughput screening without the need for liquid handling systems. Hydrogel arrays formed via our method are suitable for screening the influence of chemical (e.g. cell adhesive ligands) and physical (stiffness, size, shape, and thickness) substrate properties on stem cell behavior. The arrays are also fully compatible with commercially available micro-array add-on systems, which allows for simultaneous control of the insoluble and soluble cell culture environment. This study used hydrogel arrays to demonstrate that synergy between cell adhesion and mechanosensing can be used to regulate hMSC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nhi T Le
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stefan Zorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha K Schmitt
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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7
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Satav T, Huskens J, Jonkheijm P. Effects of Variations in Ligand Density on Cell Signaling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5184-5199. [PMID: 26292200 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple simultaneous interactions between receptors and ligands dictate the extracellular and intracellular activities of cells. The concept of programmable ligand display is generally used to study the interaction between ligands, displayed on surfaces at various densities, with receptors present on cell surfaces. Various strategies are discussed here to display ligands on surfaces to study their effect on cell behavior. Only very few strategies have been reported where this display combines precise control over density with lateral spacing of ligands on surfaces. In this review, selected examples of strategies to control ligand density and spacing and their implications for biological functions of cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Satav
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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8
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Schmitt SK, Xie AW, Ghassemi RM, Trebatoski DJ, Murphy WL, Gopalan P. Polyethylene Glycol Coatings on Plastic Substrates for Chemically Defined Stem Cell Culture. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1555-64. [PMID: 25995154 PMCID: PMC5172397 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a widely available and clinically relevant cell type with a host of applications in regenerative medicine. Current clinical expansion methods can lead to selective changes in hMSC phenotype potentially resulting from relatively undefined cell culture surfaces. Chemically defined synthetic surfaces can aid in understanding the influence of cell-material interactions on stem cell behavior. Here, a thin copolymer coating for hMSC culture on plastic substrates is developed. The random copolymer is synthesized by living free radical polymerization and characterized in solution before application to the substrate, ensuring a homogeneous coating and limiting the sample-to-sample variations. The ability to coat multiple substrate types and cover large surface areas is reported. Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides are incorporated into the coating under aqueous conditions via their lysine or cysteine side chains, resulting in amide and thioester linkages, respectively. Stability studies show amide linkages to be stable and thioester linkages to be labile under standard serum-containing culture conditions. In addition, chemically defined passaging of hMSCs using only ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on polystyrene dishes is shown. After passage, the hMSCs can be seeded back onto the same plate, indicating potential reusability of the coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Schmitt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Angela W Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Raha M Ghassemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David J Trebatoski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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9
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Hansen TD, Koepsel JT, Le NN, Nguyen EH, Zorn S, Parlato M, Loveland SG, Schwartz MP, Murphy WL. Biomaterial arrays with defined adhesion ligand densities and matrix stiffness identify distinct phenotypes for tumorigenic and nontumorigenic human mesenchymal cell types. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:745-756. [PMID: 25386339 PMCID: PMC4224020 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, we aimed to investigate migration of a model tumor cell line (HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells, HT-1080s) using synthetic biomaterials to systematically vary peptide ligand density and substrate stiffness. A range of substrate elastic moduli were investigated by using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel arrays (0.34 - 17 kPa) and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) arrays (~0.1-1 GPa), while cell adhesion was tuned by varying the presentation of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptides. HT-1080 motility was insensitive to cell adhesion ligand density on RGD-SAMs, as they migrated with similar speed and directionality for a wide range of RGD densities (0.2-5% mol fraction RGD). Similarly, HT-1080 migration speed was weakly dependent on adhesion on 0.34 kPa PEG surfaces. On 13 kPa surfaces, a sharp initial increase in cell speed was observed at low RGD concentration, with no further changes observed as RGD concentration was increased further. An increase in cell speed ~ two-fold for the 13 kPa relative to the 0.34 kPa PEG surface suggested an important role for substrate stiffness in mediating motility, which was confirmed for HT-1080s migrating on variable modulus PEG hydrogels with constant RGD concentration. Notably, despite ~ two-fold changes in cell speed over a wide range of moduli, HT-1080s adopted rounded morphologies on all surfaces investigated, which contrasted with well spread primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Taken together, our results demonstrate that HT-1080s are morphologically distinct from primary mesenchymal cells (hMSCs) and migrate with minimal dependence on cell adhesion for surfaces within a wide range of moduli, whereas motility is strongly influenced by matrix mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Justin T. Koepsel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ngoc Nhi Le
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric H. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stefan Zorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew Parlato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel G. Loveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael P. Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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10
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Differential effects of cell adhesion, modulus and VEGFR-2 inhibition on capillary network formation in synthetic hydrogel arrays. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2149-61. [PMID: 24332391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficient biomaterial screening platforms can test a wide range of extracellular environments that modulate vascular growth. Here, we used synthetic hydrogel arrays to probe the combined effects of Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (CRGDS) cell adhesion peptide concentration, shear modulus and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibition on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) viability, proliferation and tubulogenesis. HUVECs were encapsulated in degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels with defined CRGDS concentration and shear modulus. VEGFR2 activity was modulated using the VEGFR2 inhibitor SU5416. We demonstrate that synergy exists between VEGFR2 activity and CRGDS ligand presentation in the context of maintaining HUVEC viability. However, excessive CRGDS disrupts this synergy. HUVEC proliferation significantly decreased with VEGFR2 inhibition and increased modulus, but did not vary monotonically with CRGDS concentration. Capillary-like structure (CLS) formation was highly modulated by CRGDS concentration and modulus, but was largely unaffected by VEGFR2 inhibition. We conclude that the characteristics of the ECM surrounding encapsulated HUVECs significantly influence cell viability, proliferation and CLS formation. Additionally, the ECM modulates the effects of VEGFR2 signaling, ranging from changing the effectiveness of synergistic interactions between integrins and VEGFR2 to determining whether VEGFR2 upregulates, downregulates or has no effect on proliferation and CLS formation.
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11
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Schwartz MP, Rogers RE, Singh SP, Lee JY, Loveland SG, Koepsel JT, Witze ES, Montanez-Sauri SI, Sung KE, Tokuda EY, Sharma Y, Everhart LM, Nguyen EH, Zaman MH, Beebe DJ, Ahn NG, Murphy WL, Anseth KS. A quantitative comparison of human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells and primary human dermal fibroblasts identifies a 3D migration mechanism with properties unique to the transformed phenotype. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81689. [PMID: 24349113 PMCID: PMC3857815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe an engineering approach to quantitatively compare migration, morphologies, and adhesion for tumorigenic human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080s) and primary human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) with the aim of identifying distinguishing properties of the transformed phenotype. Relative adhesiveness was quantified using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) arrays and proteolytic 3-dimensional (3D) migration was investigated using matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels (“synthetic extracellular matrix” or “synthetic ECM”). In synthetic ECM, hDFs were characterized by vinculin-containing features on the tips of protrusions, multipolar morphologies, and organized actomyosin filaments. In contrast, HT-1080s were characterized by diffuse vinculin expression, pronounced β1-integrin on the tips of protrusions, a cortically-organized F-actin cytoskeleton, and quantitatively more rounded morphologies, decreased adhesiveness, and increased directional motility compared to hDFs. Further, HT-1080s were characterized by contractility-dependent motility, pronounced blebbing, and cortical contraction waves or constriction rings, while quantified 3D motility was similar in matrices with a wide range of biochemical and biophysical properties (including collagen) despite substantial morphological changes. While HT-1080s were distinct from hDFs for each of the 2D and 3D properties investigated, several features were similar to WM239a melanoma cells, including rounded, proteolytic migration modes, cortical F-actin organization, and prominent uropod-like structures enriched with β1-integrin, F-actin, and melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM/CD146/MUC18). Importantly, many of the features observed for HT-1080s were analogous to cellular changes induced by transformation, including cell rounding, a disorganized F-actin cytoskeleton, altered organization of focal adhesion proteins, and a weakly adherent phenotype. Based on our results, we propose that HT-1080s migrate in synthetic ECM with functional properties that are a direct consequence of their transformed phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MPS); (KSA)
| | - Robert E. Rogers
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samir P. Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Justin Y. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Samuel G. Loveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Justin T. Koepsel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Witze
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, , United States of America
| | - Sara I. Montanez-Sauri
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kyung E. Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Emi Y. Tokuda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Yasha Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lydia M. Everhart
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric H. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Muhammad H. Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Natalie G. Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MPS); (KSA)
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Functionalization of biomaterials with small osteoinductive moieties. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8773-89. [PMID: 23933486 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently recognized as a powerful cell source for regenerative medicine, notably for their capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types. The combination of MSCs with biomaterials functionalized with instructive cues can be used as a strategy to direct specific lineage commitment, and can thus improve the therapeutic efficacy of these cells. In terms of biomaterial design, one common approach is the functionalization of materials with ligands capable of directly binding to cell receptors and trigger specific differentiation signaling pathways. Other strategies focus on the use of moieties that have an indirect effect, acting, for example, as sequesters of bioactive ligands present in the extracellular milieu that, in turn, will interact with cells. Compared with complex biomolecules, the use of simple compounds, such as chemical moieties and peptides, and other small molecules can be advantageous by leading to less expensive and easily tunable biomaterial formulations. This review describes different strategies that have been used to promote substrate-mediated guidance of osteogenic differentiation of immature osteoblasts, osteoprogenitors and MSCs, through chemically conjugated small moieties, both in two- and three-dimensional set-ups. In each case, the selected moiety, the coupling strategy and the main findings of the study were highlighted. The latest advances and future perspectives in the field are also discussed.
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Gribova V, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Albigès-Rizo C, Auzely-Velty R, Picart C. Effect of RGD functionalization and stiffness modulation of polyelectrolyte multilayer films on muscle cell differentiation. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6468-80. [PMID: 23261924 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering holds promise for the replacement of muscle damaged by injury and for the treatment of muscle diseases. Although arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) substrates have been widely explored in tissue engineering, there have been no studies aimed at investigating the combined effects of RGD nanoscale presentation and matrix stiffness on myogenesis. In the present work we use polyelectrolyte multilayer films made of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and poly(L-glutamic) acid (PGA) as substrates of tunable stiffness that can be functionalized by a RGD adhesive peptide to investigate important events in myogenesis, including adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. C2C12 myoblasts were used as cellular models. RGD presentation on soft films and increasing film stiffness could both induce cell adhesion, but the integrins involved in adhesion were different in the case of soft and stiff films. Soft films with RGD peptide appeared to be the most appropriate substrate for myogenic differentiation, while the stiff PLL/PGA films induced significant cell migration and proliferation and inhibited myogenic differentiation. ROCK kinase was found to be involved in the myoblast response to the different films. Indeed, its inhibition was sufficient to rescue differentiation on stiff films, but no significant changes were observed on stiff films with the RGD peptide. These results suggest that different signaling pathways may be activated depending on the mechanical and biochemical properties of multilayer films. This study emphasizes the advantage of soft PLL/PGA films presenting the RGD peptide in terms of myogenic differentiation. This soft RGD-presenting film may be further used as a coating of various polymeric scaffolds for muscle tissue engineering.
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Koepsel JT, Murphy WL. Patterned self-assembled monolayers: efficient, chemically defined tools for cell biology. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1717-24. [PMID: 22807236 PMCID: PMC3995495 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold can be used to carefully probe immobilized biomolecule interactions with cell-surface receptors. However, due to a lack of experimental throughput associated with labor-intensive production, specialized fabrication apparatus, and other practical challenges, alkanethiolate SAMs have not had widespread use by biological researchers. In this Minireview, we investigate a range of techniques that could enhance the throughput of SAM-based approaches by patterning substrates with arrays of different conditions. Here we highlight microfluidic, photochemical, localized removal, and backfilling techniques to locally pattern SAM substrates with biomolecules and also describe how these approaches have been applied in SAM-based screening systems. Furthermore we provide perspectives on several crucial barriers that need to be overcome to enable widespread use of SAM chemistry in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. Koepsel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1550 Engineering Drive, Engineering Centers Building, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1550 Engineering Drive, Engineering Centers Building, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, WI 53705 (USA)
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Koepsel JT, Brown PT, Loveland SG, Li WJ, Murphy WL. Combinatorial screening of chemically defined human mesenchymal stem cell culture substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 22:19474-19481. [PMID: 23976824 DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold are chemically defined substrates that can be used to evaluate the effects of an immobilized biomolecule. However, the types of biomolecules that can influence stem cell behavior are numerous and inter-related, and efficient experimental formats are a critical need. Here we employed a SAM array technology to investigate the effects of multiple, distinct peptides and peptide combinations on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior. Specifically, we characterized the conjugation of peptide mixtures to SAM arrays and then investigated the combined effects of a bone morphogenic protein receptor-binding peptide (BR-BP), a heparin proteoglycan-binding peptide (HPG-BP), and varied densities of the integrin-binding ligand Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP) on hMSC surface coverage and alkaline phosphatase activity. Results indicate that an amine reactive fluorescent probe can be used to characterize peptide composition after immobilization in SAM array spots. Furthermore, hMSC response to BR-BP and HPG-BP is dependent on GRGDSP density and at day 7, hMSC alkaline phosphatase expression is highly dependent on GRGDSP density. Taken together, we demonstrate how a SAM array approach can be used to probe the combinatorial effects of multiple peptides and motivate further investigations into potential synergies between cell adhesion and other bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Koepsel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1550 Engineering Dr., Engineering Centers Building, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 3706, USA
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