1
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Szuwarzyński M, Wolski K, Kruk T, Zapotoczny S. Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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2
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Yu Y, Brió Pérez M, Cao C, de Beer S. Switching (bio-) adhesion and friction in liquid by stimulus responsive polymer coatings. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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3
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Cirelli M, Hao J, Bor TC, Duvigneau J, Benson N, Akkerman R, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Printing "Smart" Inks of Redox-Responsive Organometallic Polymers on Microelectrode Arrays for Molecular Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37060-37068. [PMID: 31525020 PMCID: PMC6790938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Printing arrays of responsive spots for multiplexed sensing with electrochemical readout requires new molecules and precise, high-throughput deposition of active compounds on microelectrodes with spatial control. We have designed and developed new redox-responsive polymers, featuring a poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) backbone and side groups with disulfide units, which allow an efficient and stable bonding to Au substrates, using sulfur-gold coupling chemistry in a "grafting-to" approach. The polymer molecules can be employed for area selective molecular sensing following their deposition by high-precision inkjet printing. The new PFS derivatives, which serve as "molecular inks", were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopies and by gel permeation chromatography. The viscosity and surface tension of the inks were assessed by rheology and pendant drop contact angle measurements, respectively. Commercial microelectrode arrays were modified with the new PFS ink by using inkjet printing in the "drop-on-demand" mode. FTIR spectroscopy, AFM, and EDX-SEM confirmed a successful, spatially localized PFS modification of the individual electrodes within the sensing cells of the microelectrode arrays. The potential application of these devices to act as an electrochemical sensor array was demonstrated with a model analyte, ascorbic acid, by using cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cirelli
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jinmeng Hao
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis C. Bor
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Duvigneau
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Benson
- Institute
of Technology for Nanostructures, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Bismarckstr. 81, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Remko Akkerman
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Materials
Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for
Nanotechnology, and Production Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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4
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Chen H, Shao S, Yu Y, Huang Y, Zhu X, Zhang S, Fan J, Yin GY, Chi B, Wan M, Mao C. A dual-responsive biosensor for blood lead detection. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1093:131-141. [PMID: 31735206 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple and accurate detection of trace heavy metals in blood is very important. A novel dual-responsive electrochemical/fluorescent biosensor based on magnetic hyperbranched polyamide with heparin modification (MHPAM-H) for blood lead detection has been successfully developed. Upon conjugated with blood lead ions, dual-biosensor could not only display electrochemical signal but also fluorescence signal owing to the enriched amino groups, cavity structure, and good fluorescence properties of HPAM. Blood biocompatibility, construction of the dual-responsive biosensor, electrochemical/fluorescent detection of lead ions in water phase and blood condition, selectivity and stability of the dual-responsive biosensor were investigated in detail. The proposed dual-responsive biosensor displays good linear relationship (1.5 pM- 4.8 × 103 pM for electrochemical detection and 0.5 pM-4.8 × 103 pM for fluorescent detection) with low detection limit (4.4 pM for electrochemical detection and 1.0 pM for fluorescent detection) for blood lead, providing potential application for blood lead detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuibin Shao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yueqi Yu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yangyang Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaotan Zhu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shiyan Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Guo Yong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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5
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Sha T, Liu J, Sun M, Li L, Bai J, Hu Z, Zhou M. Green and low-cost synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene-like mesoporous nanosheets from the biomass waste of okara for the amperometric detection of vitamin C in real samples. Talanta 2019; 200:300-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Zhu J, Ding X, Li D, Dou M, Lu M, Li Y, Luo F. Graphene Oxide-Supported Catalyst with Thermoresponsive Smart Surface for Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16443-16451. [PMID: 30990017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a graphene oxide (GO)-based thermoresponsive smart catalytic material with a phase-transition temperature of approximately 37 °C was developed by growing poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) on GO sheets (i.e., GO-PNIPAM). The composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, organic elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. GO-PNIPAM-supported Ru catalysts (i.e., Ru/GO-PNIPAM) were then prepared for cinnamaldehyde (CAL) hydrogenation. The influence of thermosensitive smart surface on the reaction was investigated. Results indicated that GO-PNIPAM exhibited the hydrophilic surface at 25 °C, which resulted in highly dispersed Ru nanoparticles on the composite. Afterward, the surface wettability of Ru catalyst was spontaneously changed to hydrophobicity at 70 °C that greatly improved CAL sorption on the catalyst in the reaction. The synergistic effect between Ru and GO-PNIPAM as well as the great adsorption ability to reactants on Ru/GO-PNIPAM jointly resulted in the enhancement of catalytic activity over it in comparison to that over GO-supported Ru catalyst (Ru/GO). Meanwhile, the hydrophobic surface of Ru/GO-PNIPAM at a high-temperature preferred C═O adsorption mode, yielding a higher cinnamyl alcohol selectivity than Ru/GO did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Xuejie Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Dan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Mengdi Dou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Mohong Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Faliang Luo
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Ningxia University , Yinchuan 750021 , China
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7
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Gallei M, Rüttiger C. Recent Trends in Metallopolymer Design: Redox-Controlled Surfaces, Porous Membranes, and Switchable Optical Materials Using Ferrocene-Containing Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:10006-10021. [PMID: 29532972 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metallopolymers with metal functionalities are a unique class of functional materials. Their redox-mediated optoelectronic and catalytic switching capabilities, their outstanding structure formation and separation capabilities have been reported recently. Within this Minireview, the scope and limitations of intriguing ferrocene-containing systems will be discussed. In the first section recent advances in metallopolymer design will be given leading to a plethora of novel metallopolymer architectures. Discussed synthetic pathways comprise controlled and living polymerization protocols as well as surface immobilization strategies. In the following sections, we focus on recent advances and new applications for side-chain and main-chain ferrocene-containing polymers as (i) remote-switchable materials, (ii) smart surfaces, (iii) redox-responsive membranes, and some recent trends in (iv) photonic structures and (v) other optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Rüttiger
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Musgrave RA, Choi P, Harniman RL, Richardson RM, Shen C, Whittell GR, Crassous J, Qiu H, Manners I. Chiral Transmission to Cationic Polycobaltocenes over Multiple Length Scales Using Anionic Surfactants. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7222-7231. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226, CNRS Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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9
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Gan L, Suchand Sangeeth C, Yuan L, Jańczewski D, Song J, Nijhuis CA. Tuning charge transport across junctions of ferrocene-containing polymer brushes on ITO by controlling the brush thickness and the tether lengths. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Choueiri RM, Klinkova A, Pearce S, Manners I, Kumacheva E. Self-Assembly and Surface Patterning of Polyferrocenylsilane-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [PMID: 29144010 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and topographic surface patterning of inorganic polymer-functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) and their self-assembly in nanostructures with controllable architectures enable the design of new NP-based materials. Capping of NPs with inorganic polymer ligands, such as metallopolymers, can lead to new synergetic properties of individual NPs or their assemblies, and enhance NP processing in functional materials. Here, for gold NPs functionalized with polyferrocenylsilane, two distinct triggers are used to induce attraction between the polymer ligands and achieve NP self-assembly or topographic surface patterning of individual polymer-capped NPs. Control of polymer-solvent interactions is achieved by either changing the solvent composition or by the electrooxidation of polyferrocenylsilane ligands. These results expand the range of polymer ligands used for NP assembly and patterning, and can be used to explore new self-assembly modalities. The utilization of electrochemical polymer oxidation stimuli at easily accessible potentials broadens the range of stimuli leading to NP self-assembly and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle M Choueiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Anna Klinkova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Samuel Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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11
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Zhang K, Feng X, Ye C, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Hydrogels with a Memory: Dual-Responsive, Organometallic Poly(ionic liquid)s with Hysteretic Volume-Phase Transition. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10029-10035. [PMID: 28654756 PMCID: PMC5538755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and structure-property relations of a novel, dual-responsive organometallic poly(ionic liquid) (PIL), consisting of a poly(ferrocenylsilane) backbone of alternating redox-active, silane-bridged ferrocene units and tetraalkylphosphonium sulfonate moieties in the side groups. This PIL is redox responsive due to the presence of ferrocene in the backbone and also exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type thermal responsive behavior. The LCST phase transition originates from the interaction between water molecules and the ionic substituents and shows a concentration-dependent, tunable transition temperature in aqueous solution. The PIL's LCST-type transition temperature can also be influenced by varying the redox state of ferrocene in the polymer main chain. As the polymer can be readily cross-linked and is easily converted into hydrogels, it represents a new dual-responsive materials platform. Interestingly, the as-formed hydrogels display an unusual, strongly hysteretic volume-phase transition indicating useful thermal memory properties. By employing the dispersing abilities of this cationic PIL, CNT-hydrogel composites were successfully prepared. These hybrid conductive composite hydrogels showed bi-stable states and tunable resistance in heating-cooling cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chongnan Ye
- Materials Science and Technology
of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Materials Science and Technology
of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Materials Science and Technology
of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology,
University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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12
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Folkertsma L, Zhang K, Czakkel O, de Boer HL, Hempenius MA, van den Berg A, Odijk M, Vancso GJ. Synchrotron SAXS and Impedance Spectroscopy Unveil Nanostructure Variations in Redox-Responsive Porous Membranes from Poly(ferrocenylsilane) Poly(ionic liquid)s. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Orsolya Czakkel
- Insitut Laue
Langevin, CS 20156, 71 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
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13
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Dos Ramos L, Lajoinie G, Kieviet BD, de Beer S, Versluis M, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Redox control of capillary filling speed in poly(ferrocenylsilane)-modified microfluidic channels for switchable delay valves. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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15
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Side chain effects in the packing structure and stiffness of redox-responsive ferrocene-containing polymer brushes. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Hailes RLN, Oliver AM, Gwyther J, Whittell GR, Manners I. Polyferrocenylsilanes: synthesis, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5358-407. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00155f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review covers polyferrocenylsilanes (PFSs), a well-established, readily accessible class of main chain organosilicon metallopolymer. The focus is on the recent advances involving PFS homopolymers and block copolymers and the article covers the synthesis, properties, and applications of these fascinating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
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17
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Yu Y, Kieviet BD, Liu F, Siretanu I, Kutnyánszky E, Vancso GJ, de Beer S. Stretching of collapsed polymers causes an enhanced dissipative response of PNIPAM brushes near their LCST. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8508-16. [PMID: 26371862 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01426c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a stimulus-responsive polymer that can switch in water from an expanded state below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32 °C to a globular state above the LCST. It was recently shown that, as a consequence of this conformational transition, the interfacial and (tribo-)mechanical properties of polymeric systems composed of PNIPAM can be switched between two states. Here we show that the tribo-mechanical properties of a particular type of PNIPAM system, which is the PNIPAM brush, do not just change between two states, but instead evolve continuously and non-monotonically upon increasing/decreasing temperature. To do so, we present atomic force microscopy experiments in which we measure the adhesion hysteresis and the friction upon bringing a gold colloid in relative motion with PNIPAM brushes at temperatures around the LCST. Both the friction and the adhesion hysteresis display a pronounced maximum exactly at the LCST. The force vs. distance data captured at these temperatures show a long-ranged adhesive interaction upon moving the colloid away from the original point of contact, which indicates that during this retraction the partly collapsed polymers in the brush become strongly stretched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yu
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Bernard D Kieviet
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Fei Liu
- Physics of Complex Fluids, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Siretanu
- Physics of Complex Fluids, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Edit Kutnyánszky
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - G Julius Vancso
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA + Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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18
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Thin film hydrogels from redox responsive poly(ferrocenylsilanes): Preparation, properties, and applications in electrocatalysis. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Dos Ramos L, de Beer S, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Redox-Induced Backbiting of Surface-Tethered Alkylsulfonate Amphiphiles: Reversible Switching of Surface Wettability and Adherence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6343-6350. [PMID: 25989156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of electrode-supported poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) films bearing iodopropyl (PFS-I) and undecanesulfonate (PFS-SO3(-)) surface moieties are presented. The redox responsiveness of these PFS films allows for controlled and repeatable switching of the surface energy of the PFS-I and PFS-SO3(-) layers under electrochemical control. Static water/surface contact angle measurements showed a change in contact angle values for PFS-I from 80° (reduced state) to 70° (oxidized state) over repeated cycles. However, an opposite change in wettability was observed for PFS-SO3(-), where the values observed varied from 59° (reduced state) to 77° (oxidized state). Nanoscale adherence was assessed with colloid probe AFM. The adhesive forces between these surfaces and a polystyrene (PS) colloid probe in water alternated between 130 nN (reduced state) and 30 nN (oxidized state) for PFS-I layers and between 75 nN (reduced) and 180 nN (oxidized) for the PFS-SO3(-) films. The reversed response of PFS-I films to oxidation compared to that of PFS-SO3(-), in both contact angles and adhesive forces, suggests a different underlying mechanism for switching. As PFS-I is tuned from the reduced to the oxidized state, positively charged ferrocenium (Fc(+)) centers that formed in the film increase its wettability and reduce its adherence to the hydrophobic colloid probe. For PFS-SO3(-) in the reduced state, the exposed alkanesulfonate moieties increase the hydrophilicity of the surface. When oxidized, the Fc(+) units attract the negatively charged sulfonate groups, which results in a bending of the sulfonate groups toward the PFS surface, exposing the undecyl spacer. This alteration of the surface chemistry reduces the surface energy and increases the adherence between the bent alkyl chains and the hydrophobic PS colloid in water. The attraction of the charged sulfonate group to Fc(+) is in competition with the counterions present in the electrolyte solution. Therefore, the backbiting of the chain can be achieved only in electrolytes where the affinity of Fc(+) for the ions is lower than for the sulfonate group, in agreement with the Hofmeister series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Dos Ramos
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Hempenius
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - G Julius Vancso
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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20
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Feng X, Zhang K, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Organometallic polymers for electrode decoration in sensing applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macromolecules containing metals combine the processing advantages of polymers with the functionality offered by the metal centers. The developments in the area of electrochemical chemo/biosensors based on organometallic polymers are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Feng
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
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21
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Kieviet BD, Schön PM, Vancso GJ. Stimulus-responsive polymers and other functional polymer surfaces as components in glass microfluidic channels. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4159-70. [PMID: 25231342 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00784k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The integration of smart stimulus-responsive polymers as functional elements within microfluidic devices has greatly improved the performance capabilities of controlled fluid delivery. For their use as actuators in microfluidic systems, reversible expansion and shrinking are unique mechanisms which can be utilized as both passive and active fluid control elements to establish gate and valve functions (passive) and pumping elements (active). Various constituents in microfluidic glass channels based on stimulus-responsive elements have been reported based on pH-responsive, thermoresponsive and photoresponsive coatings. Fluid control and robust performance have been demonstrated in microfluidic devices in a number of studies. Here we give a brief overview of selected examples from the literature reporting on the use of stimulus response polymers as active or passive elements for fluid control in microfluidic devices, with specific emphasis on glass-based devices. The remaining challenges include improving switching times and achieving local addressability of the responsive constituent. We envisage tackling these challenges by utilizing redox-responsive polymers which offer fast and reversible switching and local addressability in combination with nanofabricated electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard D Kieviet
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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22
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Cumurcu A, Feng X, Ramos LD, Hempenius MA, Schön P, Vancso GJ. Sub-nanometer expansions of redox responsive polymer films monitored by imaging ellipsometry. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:12089-12095. [PMID: 25195609 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel approach to quantitatively visualize sub nm height changes occurring in thin films of redox active polymers upon reversible electrochemical oxidation/reduction in situ and in real-time with electrochemical imaging ellipsometry (EC-IE). Our approach is based on the utilization of a micro-patterned substrate containing circular patterns of passive (non-redox active) 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (MCU) within a redox-responsive oligoethylene sulfide end-functionalized poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (ES-PFS) film on a gold substrate. The non-redox responsive MCU layer was used as a molecular reference layer for the direct visualization of the minute thickness variations of the ES-PFS film. The ellipsometric microscopy images were recorded in aqueous electrolyte solutions at potentials of -0.1 V and 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl corresponding to the reduced and oxidized redox states of ES-PFS, respectively. The ellipsometric contrast images showed a 37 (±2)% intensity increase in the ES-PFS layer upon oxidation. The thickness of the ES-PFS layer reversibly changed between 4.0 (±0.1) nm and 3.4 (±0.1) nm upon oxidation and reduction, respectively, as determined by IE. Additionally, electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) was used to verify the redox controlled thickness variations. The proposed method opens novel avenues to optically visualize minute and rapid height changes occurring e.g. in redox active (and other stimulus responsive) polymer films in a fast and non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Cumurcu
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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23
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Feng X, Sui X, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Electrografting of Stimuli-Responsive, Redox Active Organometallic Polymers to Gold from Ionic Liquids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7865-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503807r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Feng
- Department of Materials Science
and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Sui
- Department of Materials Science
and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Department of Materials Science
and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Department of Materials Science
and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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24
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Takahashi S, Anzai JI. Recent Progress in Ferrocene-Modified Thin Films and Nanoparticles for Biosensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:5742-5762. [PMID: 28788421 PMCID: PMC5452732 DOI: 10.3390/ma6125742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews recent progress in the development of ferrocene (Fc)-modified thin films and nanoparticles in relation to their biosensor applications. Redox-active materials in enzyme biosensors commonly use Fc derivatives, which mediate electron transfer between the electrode and enzyme active site. Either voltammetric or amperometric signals originating from redox reactions of Fc are detected or modulated by the binding of analytes on the electrode. Fc-modified thin films have been prepared by a variety of protocols, including insitu polymerization, layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition, host-guest complexation and molecular recognitions. Insitu polymerization provides a facile way to form Fc thin films, because the Fc polymers are directly deposited onto the electrode surface. LbL deposition, which can modulate the film thickness and Fc content, is suitable for preparing well-organized thin films. Other techniques, such as host-guest complexation and protein-based molecular recognition, are useful for preparing Fc thin films. Fc-modified Au nanoparticles have been widely used as redox-active materials to fabricate electrochemical biosensors. Fc derivatives are often attached to Au nanoparticles through a thiol-Au linkage. Nanoparticles consisting of inorganic porous materials, such as zeolites and iron oxide, and nanoparticle-based composite materials have also been used to prepare Fc-modified nanoparticles. To construct biosensors, Fc-modified nanoparticles are immobilized on the electrode surface together with enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Anzai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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25
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Ganesan V, Rastogi PK, Gupta R, Meredith MT, Minteer SD. Ion exchange voltammetry at branched polyethylenimine cross-linked with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and sensitive determination of ascorbic acid. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Feng X, Cumurcu A, Sui X, Song J, Hempenius MA, Vancso GJ. Covalent layer-by-layer assembly of redox-active polymer multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7257-7265. [PMID: 23311998 DOI: 10.1021/la304498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ferrocenyl(3-bromopropyl)methylsilane) and poly(ethylene imine) are employed in a layer-by-layer deposition process to form covalently connected, redox-active multilayer thin films by means of an amine alkylation reaction. The stepwise buildup of these multilayers on silicon, ITO, and quartz substrates was monitored by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), static contact angle measurements, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, and cyclic voltammetry, which provide evidence for a linear increase in multilayer thickness with the number of deposited bilayers. Upon oxidation and reduction, these covalently interconnected layers do not disassemble, in contrast to poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) layers featuring similar backbone structures that are held together by electrostatic forces. The PFS/PEI multilayers are effective for the electrochemical sensing of ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide and show improved sensing performance at higher bilayer numbers. These covalently linked layers are readily derivatized further and can therefore be regarded as a versatile platform for creating robust, tailorable, redox-active interfaces with applications in sensing and biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, The Netherlands
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27
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Chabanne L, Pfirrmann S, Lunn DJ, Manners I. Controlled thiol–ene post-polymerization reactions on polyferrocenylsilane homopolymers and block copolymers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Qiu H, Gilroy JB, Manners I. DNA-induced chirality in water-soluble poly(cobaltoceniumethylene). Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 49:42-4. [PMID: 23150887 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37026c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(cobaltoceniumethylene), a water-soluble cationic metal-containing polyelectrolyte, adopts a chiral structure when bound electrostatically to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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