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Báti G, Csókás D, Giurgi GI, Zhou J, Szolga LA, Webster RD, Stuparu MC. Non-Fullerene Electron Acceptors Based on Hybridisation of Corannulene and Thiophene-S,S-Dioxide Motifs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203856. [PMID: 36598176 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we show that hybridisation of buckybowl corannulene and thiophene-S,S-dioxide motifs is a general approach for the preparation of high electron affinity molecular materials. The devised synthesis is modular and relies on thienannulation of corannnulene-based phenylacetylene scaffolds. The final compounds are highly soluble in common organic solvents. These compounds also exhibit interesting optical properties such as absorption and emission in the blue/green regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Importantly, a bis-S,S-dioxide derivative exhibits three reversible reductions similar in their strength to the prevalent fullerene-based electron acceptor phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC61 BM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gavril-Ionel Giurgi
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, România.,Optoelectronics Group, Basis of Electronics Department, ETTI, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului str, Cluj-Napoca, 400114, România
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorant A Szolga
- Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, România.,Optoelectronics Group, Basis of Electronics Department, ETTI, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului str, Cluj-Napoca, 400114, România
| | - Richard D Webster
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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A Novel Donor-Acceptor Thiophene-Containing Oligomer Comprising Dibenzothiophene- S,S-dioxide Units for Solution-Processable Organic Field Effect Transistor. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092938. [PMID: 35566288 PMCID: PMC9101497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A π-conjugated thiophene-containing oligomer with a D-A-D-A-D (D: donor, A: acceptor) architecture, namely, 2,6-bis{[4-(7-n-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]-(dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide-3,3΄-diyl)}-bis((2-ethyl-hexyl)oxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophen (BDT(DBTOTTH)2), was synthesized by Stille coupling reactions. There are obvious shifts in the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the thin film relative to its solution, indicating the existence of the π-π stacking in the solid state of the oligomer BDT(DBTOTTH)2. The optical band gap of the oligomer determined from its absorption onset in UV-Vis spectra is 2.25 eV. It agrees with the value of 2.29 eV determined from the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. Its highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO/LUMO) energy levels, which were calculated from its onset of oxidation and reduction waves in CV curve, are −5.51 and −3.22 eV, respectively. The oligomer is a P-type semiconductor material with a good thermal stability and solubility, which can be used to fabricate organic field effect transistors (OFETs) by the spin coating technique. The OFET with n-octadecanylltrichlorosilane (OTS)-modified SiO2 dielectric layer exhibited a mobility of 1.6 × 10−3 cm2/Vs.
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3
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Lee HJ, Cho SJ, Kang H, He X, Yoon HJ. Achieving Ultralow, Zero, and Inverted Tunneling Attenuation Coefficients in Molecular Wires with Extended Conjugation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005711. [PMID: 33543557 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular tunnel junctions are organic devices miniaturized to the molecular scale. They serve as a versatile toolbox that can systematically examine charge transport behaviors at the atomic level. The electrical conductance of the molecular wire that bridges the two electrodes in a junction is significantly influenced by its chemical structure, and an intrinsically poor conductance is a major barrier for practical applications toward integrating individual molecules into electronic circuitry. Therefore, highly conjugated molecular wires are attractive as active components for the next-generation electronic devices, owing to the narrow highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest occupied molecular orbital gaps provided by their extended π-building blocks. This article aims to highlight the significance of highly conductive molecular wires in molecular electronics, the structures of which are inspired from conductive organic polymers, and presents a body of discussion on molecular wires exhibiting ultralow, zero, or inverted attenuation of tunneling probability at different lengths, along with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Xin He
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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4
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Dressler JJ, Barker JE, Karas LJ, Hashimoto HE, Kishi R, Zakharov LN, MacMillan SN, Gomez-Garcia CJ, Nakano M, Wu JI, Haley MM. Late-Stage Modification of Electronic Properties of Antiaromatic and Diradicaloid Indeno[1,2-b]fluorene Analogues via Sulfur Oxidation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10846-10857. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | | | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1433, United States
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Carlos J. Gomez-Garcia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-6231, United States
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5
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Roy P, Biswas S, Pramanik A, Sarkar P. Substitution induced carrier switching in S,N-heteroacene molecular junctions: A first principle analysis. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Karunakaran J, Manikandan P, Sathish M, Mohanakrishnan AK. Synthesis of Thiophene S,S
-dioxide Based Acenes via Diels-Alder Reaction of Isobenzofurans with Benzothiophene S,S
-dioxides. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Karunakaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus; Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Palani Manikandan
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus; Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Murugan Sathish
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus; Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu India
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7
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Fukazawa A, Toda Y, Hayakawa M, Sekioka A, Ishii H, Okamoto T, Takeya J, Hijikata Y, Yamaguchi S. End-Capping π-Conjugated Systems with Medium-Sized Sulfur-Containing Rings: A Route Towards Solution-Processable Air-Stable Semiconductors. Chemistry 2018; 24:11503-11510. [PMID: 29846021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The sulfur-containing nine-membered heterocycle thiacyclononene (TN) was evaluated as a new type of end-capping group for π-conjugated systems. A systematic study on TN-capped α-oligothiophenes (TNnTs; n=4-7) revealed that the capping with TN, which adopts a bent conformation, imparts the resulting oligothiophenes with drastically increased solubility at approximately 140 °C and high electrochemical stability, whereas the electronic structure remains virtually unperturbed. The even-numbered oligothiophenes TN4T and TN6T form characteristic offset herringbone-type packing structures on account of the steric repulsion between the TN rings and the presence of intermolecular nonbonding S⋅⋅⋅S interactions. This packing mode in combination with the high solubility enabled the solution-process fabrication of field-effect transistors based on TN6T, which exhibited a high performance without degradation even upon exposure to air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yusuke Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Anna Sekioka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishii
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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8
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Tasior M, Czichy M, Łapkowski M, Gryko DT. Dibenzothienopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole: The Missing Member of the Thienoacene Family. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:449-456. [PMID: 29272075 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzothienopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole and the corresponding bis(S,S-dioxide) were synthesized by using a concise synthetic strategy. Despite the presence of six fused aromatic rings, π-expanded pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles of this type absorb and emit at relatively short wavelengths, which reflects inefficient π conjugation due to the angular arrangement of the aromatic rings. They exhibit interesting and complex electrochemical behavior, which highlights their potential in organic electronics. Both heteroacenes undergo two-stage oxidation while retaining the independence of each 1-phenyl-1H-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]pyrrole, which was proved by in situ electron spin resonance measurements. Interestingly, electrochemically generated dicationdiradicals are not only distributed over the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole scaffold, but also over the phenyl substituents located on nitrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Xing X, Wang C, Liu X, Qin L, Wang E, Zhang F. The trade-off between electrochromic stability and contrast of a thiophene—Quinoxaline copolymer. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Meng B, Miao J, Liu J, Wang L. A New Polymer Electron Acceptor Based on Thiophene-S,S
-dioxide Unit for Organic Photovoltaics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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11
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Low JZ, Capozzi B, Cui J, Wei S, Venkataraman L, Campos LM. Tuning the polarity of charge carriers using electron deficient thiophenes. Chem Sci 2017. [PMID: 28626554 PMCID: PMC5465950 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05283e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-1,1-dioxide (TDO) oligomers have fascinating electronic properties. We previously used thermopower measurements to show that a change in charge carrier from hole to electron occurs with increasing length of TDO oligomers when single-molecule junctions are formed between gold electrodes. In this article, we show for the first time that the dominant conducting orbitals for thiophene/TDO oligomers of fixed length can be tuned by altering the strength of the electron acceptors incorporated into the backbone. We use the scanning tunneling microscope break-junction (STM-BJ) technique and apply a recently developed method to determine the dominant transport channel in single-molecule junctions formed with these systems. Through these measurements, we find that increasing the electron affinity of thiophene derivatives, within a family of pentamers, changes the polarity of the charge carriers systematically from holes to electrons, with some systems even showing mid-gap transport characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Low
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway, MC3124 , New York , NY 10027 , USA .
| | - Brian Capozzi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , 500 W 120th St, Mudd 200, MC4701 , New York , NY 10027 , USA .
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , 500 W 120th St, Mudd 200, MC4701 , New York , NY 10027 , USA .
| | - Sujun Wei
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway, MC3124 , New York , NY 10027 , USA .
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway, MC3124 , New York , NY 10027 , USA . .,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , 500 W 120th St, Mudd 200, MC4701 , New York , NY 10027 , USA .
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway, MC3124 , New York , NY 10027 , USA .
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12
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Di Maria F, Zanelli A, Liscio A, Kovtun A, Salatelli E, Mazzaro R, Morandi V, Bergamini G, Shaffer A, Rozen S. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanoparticles Containing Thiophene-S,S-dioxide: Tuning of Dimensions, Optical and Redox Properties, and Charge Separation under Illumination. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1991-1999. [PMID: 28152312 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of poly(3-hexylthiophene-S,S-dioxide) nanoparticles using Rozen's reagent, HOF·CH3CN, either on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) or on preformed P3HT nanoparticles (P3HT-NPs). In the latter case, core-shell nanoparticles (P3HT@PTDO-NPs) are formed, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, indicating the presence of oxygen on the outer shell. The different preparation modalities lead to a fine-tuning of the chemical-physical properties of the nanoparticles. We show that absorption and photoluminescence features, electrochemical properties, size, and stability of colloidal solutions can be finely modulated by controlling the amount of oxygen present. Atomic force microscopy measurements on the nanoparticles obtained by a nanoprecipitation method from preoxidized P3HT (PTDO-NPs) display spherical morphology and dimensions down to 5 nm. Finally, Kelvin probe measurements show that the coexistence of p- and n-type charge carriers in all types of oxygenated nanoparticles makes them capable of generating and separating charge under illumination. Furthermore, in core-shell nanoparticles, the nanosegregation of the two materials, in different regions of the nanoparticles, allows a more efficient charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Liscio
- CNR-ISOF , Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- CNR-ISC , Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Salatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna , Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaello Mazzaro
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- CNR-IMM , Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Avshalom Shaffer
- School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University , 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Rozen
- School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University , 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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13
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Hou X, Zhu Y, Qin Y, Chen L, Li X, Zhang HL, Xu W, Zhu D, Shao X. Tris(S,S-dioxide)-trithiasumanene: strong fluorescence and cocrystal with 1,2,6,7,10,11-hexabutoxytriphenylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1546-1549. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Trithiasumanene was regioselectively transformed into tris(S,S-dioxide)-trithiasumanene, which displays strong fluorescence and forms a chiral cocrystal with HBT, showing a yellow emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yongtao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yunke Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100180
- China
| | - Lichuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xuexiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100180
- China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing 100180
- China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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14
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Kishi R, Ochi S, Izumi S, Makino A, Nagami T, Fujiyoshi JY, Matsushita N, Saito M, Nakano M. Diradical Character Tuning for the Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Quinoidal Oligothiophenes by Introducing Thiophene-S
,S
-dioxide Rings. Chemistry 2015; 22:1493-500. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Shoki Ochi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Shioh Izumi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Akihiro Makino
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takanori Nagami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Jun-ya Fujiyoshi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsushita
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Michika Saito
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3, Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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15
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Shin YR, Lee WH, Park JB, Kim JH, Lee SK, Shin WS, Hwang DH, Kang IN. Synthesis and characterization of new low band-gap polymers containing electron-accepting acenaphtho[1,2-c]thiophene-S,S-dioxide groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rim Shin
- Department of Chemistry; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Gyeonggi-Do 420-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Gyeonggi-Do 420-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Baek Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Nam Kang
- Department of Chemistry; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Gyeonggi-Do 420-743 Republic of Korea
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16
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Busby E, Xia J, Wu Q, Low JZ, Song R, Miller JR, Zhu XY, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. A design strategy for intramolecular singlet fission mediated by charge-transfer states in donor-acceptor organic materials. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:426-33. [PMID: 25581625 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to advance our understanding of multiple exciton generation (MEG) in organic materials has been restricted by the limited number of materials capable of singlet fission. A particular challenge is the development of materials that undergo efficient intramolecular fission, such that local order and strong nearest-neighbour coupling is no longer a design constraint. Here we address these challenges by demonstrating that strong intrachain donor-acceptor interactions are a key design feature for organic materials capable of intramolecular singlet fission. By conjugating strong-acceptor and strong-donor building blocks, small molecules and polymers with charge-transfer states that mediate population transfer between singlet excitons and triplet excitons are synthesized. Using transient optical techniques, we show that triplet populations can be generated with yields up to 170%. These guidelines are widely applicable to similar families of polymers and small molecules, and can lead to the development of new fission-capable materials with tunable electronic structure, as well as a deeper fundamental understanding of MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Busby
- 1] Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA [2] Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jianlong Xia
- 1] Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Qin Wu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Low
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - John R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- 1] Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Luis M Campos
- 1] Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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17
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Busby E, Xia J, Low JZ, Wu Q, Hoy J, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Fast Singlet Exciton Decay in Push–Pull Molecules Containing Oxidized Thiophenes. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7644-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511704r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Busby
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jianlong Xia
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jonathan Z. Low
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qin Wu
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jessica Hoy
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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18
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Abstract
Singlet fission, the splitting of a singlet exciton into two triplet excitons in molecular materials, is interesting not only as a model many-electron problem, but also as a process with potential applications in solar energy conversion. Here we discuss limitations of the conventional four-electron and molecular dimer model in describing singlet fission in crystalline organic semiconductors, such as pentacene and tetracene. We emphasize the need to consider electronic delocalization, which is responsible for the decisive role played by the Mott-Wannier exciton, also called the charge transfer (CT) exciton, in mediating singlet fission. At the strong electronic coupling limit, the initial excitation creates a quantum superposition of singlet, CT, and triplet-pair states, and we present experimental evidence for this interpretation. We also discuss the most recent attempts at translating this mechanistic understanding into design principles for CT state-mediated intramolecular singlet fission in oligomers and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Monahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027;
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19
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Dell EJ, Capozzi B, Xia J, Venkataraman L, Campos LM. Molecular length dictates the nature of charge carriers in single-molecule junctions of oxidized oligothiophenes. Nat Chem 2015; 7:209-14. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Chen L, Wang K, Mahmoud SM, Li Y, Huang H, Huang W, Xu J, Dun C, Carroll D, Pietrangelo A. Effects of replacing thiophene with 5,5-dimethylcyclopentadiene in alternating poly(phenylene), poly(3-hexylthiophene), and poly(fluorene) copolymer derivatives. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Replacing alternating thiophene repeat units with 5,5-dimethylcyclopentadiene alternatives influences the physicochemical properties of π-conjugated copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
| | - K. Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
| | - S. M. Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
| | - Y. Li
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - H. Huang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - W. Huang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - J. Xu
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - C. Dun
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - D. Carroll
- Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials
- Department of Physics
- Winston-Salem
- USA
| | - A. Pietrangelo
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
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21
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Pramanik A, Sarkar P. Theoretical studies on the carrier tunability of oxidized oligothiophenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26703-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Upon increasing the molecular length hole conducting TDO1 is converted to electron conducting TDO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati University
- Santiniketan-731235
- India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati University
- Santiniketan-731235
- India
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22
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Pappenfus TM, Seidenkranz DT, Lovander MD, Beck TL, Karels BJ, Ogawa K, Janzen DE. Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Oxidized Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophenes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9408-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5017585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ted M. Pappenfus
- Division
of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Daniel T. Seidenkranz
- Division
of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Matthew D. Lovander
- Division
of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Travis L. Beck
- Division
of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Brandon J. Karels
- Division
of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Katsu Ogawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Daron E. Janzen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
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23
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Fukazawa A, Oshima H, Shimizu S, Kobayashi N, Yamaguchi S. Dearomatization-induced transannular cyclization: synthesis of electron-accepting thiophene-S,S-dioxide-fused biphenylene. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8738-45. [PMID: 24905347 DOI: 10.1021/ja503499n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transannular cyclization of dehydroannulenes bearing several alkyne moieties in close proximity is a powerful synthetic method for producing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We report that the reactivity can be switched by the aromaticity of the ring skeletons fused with the dehydroannulene core. Thus, while thiophene-fused bisdehydro[12]annulene 1 was handled as a stable compound in the air at room temperature, the oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid from the aromatic thiophene rings to the nonaromatic thiophene-S,S-dioxides induced the transannular cyclization, even at room temperature, which was completed within 1 day to produce the formal [2 + 2] cycloadduct 3. This is in stark contrast to the fact that the thermal cyclization of 1 itself required heating at 80 °C for 9 days for completion. Experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the oxidation of even one thiophene ring in 1 sufficiently decreases the activation barrier for the transannular cyclization that proceeds through the 8π and 4π electrocyclic reaction sequence. The thiophene-S,S-dioxide-fused biphenylene 3 thus produced exhibits a set of intriguing properties, such as a higher electron affinity (E1/2 = -1.17 V vs Fc and Fc(+)) and a stronger fluorescence (ΦF = 0.20) than the other relevant biphenylene derivatives, which have electron-donating and nonfluorescent characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and ‡Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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24
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Wang X, Zhao L, Shao S, Ding J, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Poly(spirobifluorene)s Containing Nonconjugated Diphenylsulfone Moiety: Toward Blue Emission Through a Weak Charge Transfer Effect. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500407m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Shao
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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25
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Wei S, Xia J, Dell EJ, Jiang Y, Song R, Lee H, Rodenbough P, Briseno AL, Campos LM. Bandgap Engineering through Controlled Oxidation of Polythiophenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Wei S, Xia J, Dell EJ, Jiang Y, Song R, Lee H, Rodenbough P, Briseno AL, Campos LM. Bandgap engineering through controlled oxidation of polythiophenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1832-6. [PMID: 24505004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The use of Rozen's reagent (HOF⋅CH3 CN) to convert polythiophenes to polymers containing thiophene-1,1-dioxide (TDO) is described. The oxidation of polythiophenes can be controlled with this potent, yet orthogonal reagent under mild conditions. The oxidation of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) proceeds at room temperature in a matter of minutes, introducing up to 60 % TDO moieties in the polymer backbone. The resulting polymers have a markedly low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), consequently exhibiting a small bandgap. This approach demonstrates that modulating the backbone electronic structure of well-defined polymers, rather than varying the monomers, is an efficient means of tuning the electronic properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC3124, New York, NY 10027 (USA) http://camposgroup.chem.columbia.edu
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27
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High-quality reduced graphene oxide by a dual-function chemical reduction and healing process. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1929. [PMID: 23722643 PMCID: PMC3668319 DOI: 10.1038/srep01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new chemical dual-functional reducing agent, thiophene, was used to produce high-quality reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a result of a chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the healing of rGO. Thiophene reduced GO by donation of electrons with acceptance of oxygen while it was converted into an intermediate oxidised polymerised thiophene that was eventually transformed into polyhydrocarbon by loss of sulphur atoms. Surprisingly, the polyhydrocarbon template helped to produce good-quality rGOC (chemically reduced) and high-quality rGOCT after thermal treatment. The resulting rGOCT nanosheets did not contain any nitrogen or sulphur impurities, were highly deoxygenated and showed a healing effect. Thus the electrical properties of the as-prepared rGOCT were superior to those of conventional hydrazine-produced rGO that require harsh reaction conditions. Our novel dual reduction and healing method with thiophene could potentially save energy and facilitate the commercial mass production of high-quality graphene.
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28
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Tsai CH, Chirdon DN, Maurer AB, Bernhard S, Noonan KJT. Synthesis of thiophene 1,1-dioxides and tuning their optoelectronic properties. Org Lett 2013; 15:5230-3. [PMID: 24090357 DOI: 10.1021/ol4024024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A 2,5-bis(tributylstannyl)thiophene 1,1-dioxide was prepared from 2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)thiophene 1,1-dioxide, bis(tributyltin) oxide, and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF). The 2,5-bis(tributylstannyl)thiophene 1,1-dioxide and a 2,5-diiodothiophene 1,1-dioxide were utilized in a series of Stille cross-coupling reactions to afford thiophene 1,1-dioxides with either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents. Electron-withdrawing groups greatly facilitate the reduction of these sulfone heterocycles, and -C6H4-p-NO2 substituents produce a 510 mV shift as compared to a thiophene 1,1-dioxide with two phenyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
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29
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Potash S, Rozen S. New Conjugated Oligothiophenes Containing the Unique Arrangement of Internal Adjacent [All]-S,S-Oxygenated Thiophene Fragments. Chemistry 2013; 19:5289-96. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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McCormick TM, Carrera EI, Schon TB, Seferos DS. Reversible oxidation of a water-soluble tellurophene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11182-4. [PMID: 24149322 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47338d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M McCormick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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31
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Cochran JE, Amir E, Sivanandan K, Ku SY, Seo JH, Collins BA, Tumbleston JR, Toney MF, Ade H, Hawker CJ, Chabinyc ML. Synthesis, solid-state, and charge-transport properties of conjugated polythiophene-S
,S
-dioxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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