1
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Zhang X, Xu H. Electroluminescent Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317597. [PMID: 38078881 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic cluster materials emerge rapidly in recent years especially for light-emitting devices, owing to their 100 % exciton harvesting and unique organic-inorganic hybrid structures with tunable excited-state characteristics for thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or phosphorescence and inheritable photo- and thermo-stability. However, for efficient electroluminescence, excited-state compositions of cluster emitters should be tuned through ligand engineering to enhance ligand-centered radiative components and reduce cluster-centered quenching states. Nonetheless, the balance of optoelectronic properties requires delicate and controllable ligand functionalization. On the other hand, in addition to balancing carrier fluxes, it showed that device engineering, especially host matrixes and interfacial optimization, can not only alleviate triplet quenching, but also modify processing and passivate defects. As consequence, the record external quantum efficiencies of cluster light-emitting diodes already reached ≈30 %. Herein, we overview recent progress of electroluminescent cluster materials and discuss their structure-property relationships, which would inspire the continuous efforts making cluster light-emitting diodes competent as the new generation of displays and lighting sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional, Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional, Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
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2
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Zheng D, Huang TH, Luo C, Tang J. Structural characterization, DFT studies and luminescent properties of dinuclear copper(I)-diimine complexes with the S-shape configurations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Boden P, Di Martino‐Fumo P, Busch JM, Rehak FR, Steiger S, Fuhr O, Nieger M, Volz D, Klopper W, Bräse S, Gerhards M. Investigation of Luminescent Triplet States in Tetranuclear Cu I Complexes: Thermochromism and Structural Characterization. Chemistry 2021; 27:5439-5452. [PMID: 33176033 PMCID: PMC8048975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To develop new and flexible CuI containing luminescent substances, we extend our previous investigations on two metal-centered species to four metal-centered complexes. These complexes could be a basis for designing new organic light-emitting diode (OLED) relevant species. Both the synthesis and in-depth spectroscopic analysis, combined with high-level theoretical calculations are presented on a series of tetranuclear CuI complexes with a halide containing Cu4 X4 core (X=iodide, bromide or chloride) and two 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine bridging ligands with a methyl group in para (4-Me) or ortho (6-Me) position of the pyridine ring. The structure of the electronic ground state is characterized by X-ray diffraction, NMR, and IR spectroscopy with the support of theoretical calculations. In contrast to the para system, the complexes with ortho-substituted bridging ligands show a remarkable and reversible temperature-dependent dual phosphorescence. Here, we combine for the first time the luminescence thermochromism with time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy. Thus, we receive experimental data on the structures of the two triplet states involved in the luminescence thermochromism. The transient IR spectra of the underlying triplet metal/halide-to-ligand charge transfer (3 M/XLCT) and cluster-centered (3 CC) states were obtained and interpreted by comparison with calculated vibrational spectra. The systematic and significant dependence of the bridging halides was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Boden
- Chemistry Department and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Patrick Di Martino‐Fumo
- Chemistry Department and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Jasmin M. Busch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Florian R. Rehak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry–Theoretical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Sophie Steiger
- Chemistry Department and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Oliver Fuhr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano-Micro, Facility (KNMF)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O.Box55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1)00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Daniel Volz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Willem Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry–Theoretical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of, Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Functional Molecular Systems, (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Chemistry Department and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5267663KaiserslauternGermany
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4
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Busch JM, Koshelev DS, Vashchenko AA, Fuhr O, Nieger M, Utochnikova VV, Bräse S. Various Structural Design Modifications: para-Substituted Diphenylphosphinopyridine Bridged Cu(I) Complexes in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2315-2332. [PMID: 33464050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The well-known system of dinuclear Cu(I) complexes bridged by 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine (PyrPhos) derivatives Cu2X2L3 and Cu2X2LP2 (L = bridging ligand, P = ancillary ligand) goes along with endless variation options for tunability. In this work, the influence of substituents and modifications on the phosphine moiety of the NP-bridging ligand was investigated. In previous studies, the location of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the copper complexes of the PyrPhos family was found to be located on the NP-bridging ligand and enabled color tuning in the whole visible spectrum. A multitude of dinuclear Cu(I) complexes based on the triple methylated 2-(bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphino)-4-methylpyridine (Cu-1b-H, Cu-1b-MeO, and Cu-1b-F) up to complexes bearing 2-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)phosphino)pyridine (Cu-6a-H) with electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms over many other variations on the NP-bridging ligands were synthesized. Almost all copper complexes were confirmed via single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Besides theoretical TDDFT-studies of the electronic properties and photophysical measurements, the majority of the phosphino-modified Cu(I) complexes was tested in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with different heterostructure variations. The best results of the OLED devices were obtained with copper emitter Cu-1b-H in a stack architecture of ITO/PEDOT-PSS (50 nm)/poly-TPD (15 nm)/20 wt % Cu(I) emitter:CBP:TcTA(7:3) (45 nm)/TPBi (30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al (>100 nm) with a high brightness of 5900 Cd/m2 and a good current efficiency of 3.79 Cd/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin M Busch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniil S Koshelev
- Faculty of Materials Science, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/73 Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano-Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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5
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Busch JM, Zink DM, Di Martino-Fumo P, Rehak FR, Boden P, Steiger S, Fuhr O, Nieger M, Klopper W, Gerhards M, Bräse S. Highly soluble fluorine containing Cu(i) AlkylPyrPhos TADF complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15687-15698. [PMID: 31524902 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02447f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent Cu(i) AlkylPyrPhos complexes with a butterfly-shaped Cu2I2 core and halogen containing ancillary ligands, with a special focus on fluorine, have been investigated in this study. These complexes show extremely high solubilities and a remarkable (photo)chemical stability in a series of solvents. A tunable emission resulting from thermally activated delayed fluorescence with high quantum yields was determined by luminescence and lifetime investigations in solvents and solids. Structures of the electronic ground states were analyzed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The structure of the lowest excited triplet state was determined by transient FTIR spectroscopy, in combination with quantum chemical calculations. With the obtained range of compounds we address the key requirement for the production of organic light emitting diodes based on solution processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin M Busch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Daniel M Zink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Patrick Di Martino-Fumo
- Chemistry Department, TU Kaiserslautern and Research Center Optimas, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Florian R Rehak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry - Theoretical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Pit Boden
- Chemistry Department, TU Kaiserslautern and Research Center Optimas, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Sophie Steiger
- Chemistry Department, TU Kaiserslautern and Research Center Optimas, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano-Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry - Theoretical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Chemistry Department, TU Kaiserslautern and Research Center Optimas, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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6
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Bizzarri C, Spuling E, Knoll DM, Volz D, Bräse S. Sustainable metal complexes for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Bergmann L, Braun C, Nieger M, Bräse S. The coordination- and photochemistry of copper(i) complexes: variation of N^N ligands from imidazole to tetrazole. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:608-621. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Prediction rules for the coordination chemistry of copper(i) with neutral or deprotonated N^N ligands and different phosphines were derived and related to their photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolin Braun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
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8
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Yersin H, Czerwieniec R, Shafikov MZ, Suleymanova AF. TADF Material Design: Photophysical Background and Case Studies Focusing on Cu I and Ag I Complexes. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3508-3535. [PMID: 29083512 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and the use of emitting molecules have strongly stimulated scientific research of emitting compounds. In particular, for OLEDs it is required to harvest all singlet and triplet excitons that are generated in the emission layer. This can be achieved using the so-called triplet harvesting mechanism. However, the materials to be applied are based on high-cost rare metals and therefore, it has been proposed already more than one decade ago by our group to use the effect of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) to harvest all generated excitons in the lowest excited singlet state S1 . In this situation, the resulting emission is an S1 →S0 fluorescence, though a delayed one. Hence, this mechanism represents the singlet harvesting mechanism. Using this effect, high-cost and strong SOC-carrying rare metals are not required. This mechanism can very effectively be realized by use of CuI or AgI complexes and even by purely organic molecules. In this investigation, we focus on photoluminescence properties and on crucial requirements for designing CuI and AgI materials that exhibit short TADF decay times at high emission quantum yields. The decay times should be as short as possible to minimize non-radiative quenching and, in particular, chemical reactions that frequently occur in the excited state. Thus, a short TADF decay time can strongly increase the material's long-term stability. Here, we study crucial parameters and analyze their impact on the TADF decay time. For example, the energy separation ΔE(S1 -T1 ) between the lowest excited singlet state S1 and the triplet state T1 should be small. Accordingly, we present detailed photophysical properties of two case-study materials designed to exhibit a large ΔE(S1 -T1 ) value of 1000 cm-1 (120 meV) and, for comparison, a small one of 370 cm-1 (46 meV). From these studies-extended by investigations of many other CuI TADF compounds-we can conclude that just small ΔE(S1 -T1 ) is not a sufficient requirement for short TADF decay times. High allowedness of the transition from the emitting S1 state to the electronic ground state S0 , expressed by the radiative rate kr (S1 →S0 ) or the oscillator strength f(S1 →S0 ), is also very important. However, mostly small ΔE(S1 -T1 ) is related to small kr (S1 →S0 ). This relation results from an experimental investigation of a large number of CuI complexes and basic quantum mechanical considerations. As a consequence, a reduction of τ(TADF) to below a few μs might be problematic. However, new materials can be designed for which this disadvantage is not prevailing. A new TADF compound, Ag(dbp)(P2 -nCB) (with dbp=2,9-di-n-butyl-1,10-phenanthroline and P2 -nCB=bis-(diphenylphosphine)-nido-carborane) seems to represent such an example. Accordingly, this material shows TADF record properties, such as short TADF decay time at high emission quantum yield. These properties are based (i) on geometry optimizations of the AgI complex for a fast radiative S1 →S0 rate and (ii) on restricting the extent of geometry reorganizations after excitation for reducing non-radiative relaxation and emission quenching. Indeed, we could design a TADF material with breakthrough properties showing τ(TADF)=1.4 μs at 100 % emission quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Yersin
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rafal Czerwieniec
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marsel Z Shafikov
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Ural Federal University, Mira 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Alfiya F Suleymanova
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,I. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
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9
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Tsai YT, Liu HF, Peng BJ, Tseng KP, Kuo MC, Wong KT, Wantz G, Hirsch L, Raffy G, Del Guerzo A, Bassani DM. Frequency-Selective Photobleaching as a Route to Chromatic Control in Supramolecular OLED Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:36045-36052. [PMID: 28933148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a series of molecules that spontaneously self-organize into small electroluminescent domains of sub-micrometer dimensions when dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. The self-assembled spherical aggregates have an average diameter of 300 nm and exhibit efficient energy transfer from the blue to the green or red component. The aggregates can be chromatically addressed or patterned by selective bleaching of the energy-acceptor component using a laser source. This allows the fabrication of electroluminescence devices by directly photopatterning the active layer without the need of additional steps. Submicron features (700 nm) can be achieved using a collimated light source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Science, CNRS UMR 5255 and Univ. Bordeaux , Talence, F-33405 Bordeaux, France
- IMS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, CNRS UMR 5218 , Talence, F-33400 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hsiang-Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ji Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Pi Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- IMS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, CNRS UMR 5218 , Talence, F-33400 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- IMS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, CNRS UMR 5218 , Talence, F-33400 Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Raffy
- Institute of Molecular Science, CNRS UMR 5255 and Univ. Bordeaux , Talence, F-33405 Bordeaux, France
| | - Andre Del Guerzo
- Institute of Molecular Science, CNRS UMR 5255 and Univ. Bordeaux , Talence, F-33405 Bordeaux, France
| | - Dario M Bassani
- Institute of Molecular Science, CNRS UMR 5255 and Univ. Bordeaux , Talence, F-33405 Bordeaux, France
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10
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Rui B, Tan Y, Liu X, Wei C, Liu Y, Li J, Liu Z, Bian Z, Huang C. Synthesis, Characterization of Bicarbazole Compounds and Their Application in Codepositing Luminescent Copper Iodide Complexes. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yu Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Chen Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications; Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Active Display; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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11
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Ilicheva AI, Bochkarev LN, Ilichev VA. Electroluminescent copper-containing polymers based on copper(I) norbornene-substituted complexes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Zou Y, Liu Y, Ban M, Huang Q, Sun T, Zhang Q, Song T, Sun B. Crosslinked conjugated polymers as hole transport layers in high-performance quantum dot light-emitting diodes. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:156-162. [PMID: 32260659 DOI: 10.1039/c6nh00217j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Film morphologies of functional layers in all-solution-processed quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) play a crucial role in device performance. Solvents for adjacent layers should be strictly orthogonal to prevent the preceding layer being redissolved by the processing solvent of the next layer. Herein, we use a photochemical crosslinking method to obtain solvent-resistant hole transport layers (HTLs) with photoinitiator bifunctional bis-benzophenone (BP-BP). With this method, ultra-smooth quantum dot (QD) layers can be fabricated using toluene as solvent, which is known to be a nonorthogonal solvent in common non-crosslinked HTLs. A green QLED device based on crosslinked HTLs exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 8.93%, which is 1.9-fold higher than that of the non-crosslinked device. The improved device performance is ascribed to the well preserved film morphology of crosslinked HTLs and the prevention of QDs intermixing with HTLs during the QD deposition in toluene. This crosslinking strategy avoids high-temperature annealing, allowing the fabrication of flexible devices on plastic substrates. Moreover, it broadens the range of applicable solvents for solution-processed multilayer optoelectronic devices because non-orthogonal solvents can be used after crosslinking preceding layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Wallesch M, Verma A, Fléchon C, Flügge H, Zink DM, Seifermann SM, Navarro JM, Vitova T, Göttlicher J, Steininger R, Weinhardt L, Zimmer M, Gerhards M, Heske C, Bräse S, Baumann T, Volz D. Towards Printed Organic Light-Emitting Devices: A Solution-Stable, Highly Soluble Cu I -NHetPHOS. Chemistry 2016; 22:16400-16405. [PMID: 27540703 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of iridium-free, yet efficient emitters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was an important step towards mass production of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Progress is currently impeded by the low solubility and low chemical stability of the materials. Herein, we present a CuI -based TADF emitter that is sufficiently chemically stable under ambient conditions and can be processed by printing techniques. The solubility is drastically enhanced (to 100 g L-1 ) in relevant printing solvents. The integrity of the complex is preserved in solution, as was demonstrated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and other techniques. In addition, it was found that the optoelectronic properties are not affected even when partly processing under ambient conditions. As a highlight, we present a TADF-based OLED device that reached an efficiency of 11±2 % external quantum efficiency (EQE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Wallesch
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anand Verma
- CYNORA GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstrasse 2-6, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Charlotte Fléchon
- CYNORA GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstrasse 2-6, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Harald Flügge
- CYNORA GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstrasse 2-6, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Daniel M Zink
- CYNORA GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstrasse 2-6, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany
| | | | - José M Navarro
- CYNORA GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstrasse 2-6, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Göttlicher
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ralph Steininger
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lothar Weinhardt
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4003, USA
| | - Manuel Zimmer
- University of Kaiserslautern, Chemistry Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- University of Kaiserslautern, Chemistry Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Clemens Heske
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. , .,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 18/20, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany. , .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4003, USA. ,
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Thomas Baumann
- CYNORA GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstrasse 2-6, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Daniel Volz
- CYNORA GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstrasse 2-6, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany.
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14
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Czerwieniec R, Leitl MJ, Homeier HH, Yersin H. Cu(I) complexes – Thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Photophysical approach and material design. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Chen J, Teng T, Wang JY, Kang L, Chen XL, Xu LJ, Yu R, Lu CZ. Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of Emissive Neutral Dinuclear CuI Complexes with a Tetraphosphane Bridging Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Life Science; University of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry; 350002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Teng Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 35002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 35002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Liju Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 35002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 35002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Liang-Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 35002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 35002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 35002 Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
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16
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Leitl MJ, Zink DM, Schinabeck A, Baumann T, Volz D, Yersin H. Copper(I) Complexes for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: From Photophysical to Device Properties. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:25. [PMID: 27573265 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) represent a very promising emitter class for application in electroluminescent devices since all electrically generated excitons can be transferred into light according to the singlet harvesting mechanism. Cu(I) compounds are an important class of TADF emitters. In this contribution, we want to give a deeper insight into the photophysical properties of this material class and demonstrate how the emission properties depend on molecular and host rigidity. Moreover, we show that with molecular optimization a significant improvement of selected emission properties can be achieved. From the discussed materials, we select one specific dinuclear complex, for which the two Cu(I) centers are four-fold bridged to fabricate an organic light emitting diode (OLED). This device shows the highest efficiency (of 23 % external quantum efficiency) reported so far for OLEDs based on Cu(I) emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Leitl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel M Zink
- Cynora GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstraße 2-6, Building 5110, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Alexander Schinabeck
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Baumann
- Cynora GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstraße 2-6, Building 5110, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Daniel Volz
- Cynora GmbH, Werner-von-Siemensstraße 2-6, Building 5110, 76646, Bruchsal, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Yersin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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17
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Metal–Organic and Organic TADF-Materials: Status, Challenges and Characterization. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:22. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Osawa M, Hoshino M, Hashimoto M, Kawata I, Igawa S, Yashima M. Application of three-coordinate copper(I) complexes with halide ligands in organic light-emitting diodes that exhibit delayed fluorescence. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:8369-78. [PMID: 25470470 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02853h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of three-coordinate copper(I) complexes (L(Me))CuX [X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)], (L(Et))CuBr (4), and (L(iPr))CuBr (5) [L(Me) = 1,2-bis[bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphino]benzene, L(Et) = 1,2-bis[bis(2-ethylphenyl)phosphino]benzene, and L(iPr) = 1,2-bis[bis(2-isopropylphenyl)phosphino]benzene] exhibit efficient blue-green emission in the solid state at ambient temperature with peak wavelengths between 473 and 517 nm. The emission quantum yields were 0.38-0.95. The emission lifetimes were measured in the temperature range of 77-295 K using a nanosecond laser technique. The temperature dependence of the emission lifetimes was explained using a model with two excited states: a singlet and a triplet state. The small energy gaps (<830 cm(-1)) between the two states suggest that efficient emission from 1-5 was thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Alkyl substituents at ortho positions of peripheral phenyl groups were found to have little effect on the electronic excited states. Because the origin of the emission of complexes 2, 4, and 5 was thought to be a (σ + Br)→π* transition, photoluminescence characteristics of these complexes were dominated by the diphosphine ligands. Complexes 2, 4, and 5 had similar emission properties. Complexes 1-5 had efficient green TADF in amorphous films at 293 K with maximum emission wavelengths of 508-520 nm and quantum yields of 0.61-0.71. Organic light-emitting devices that contained complexes 1-5 and exhibited TADF exhibit bright green luminescence with current efficiencies of 55.6-69.4 cd A(-1) and maximum external quantum efficiencies of 18.6-22.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Osawa
- Luminescent Materials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-Shi 351-0198, Japan.
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19
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Gholivand K, Farshadfer K, Roe SM, Gholami A, Esrafili MD. Structural and photophysical characterization of mono- and binuclear Cu(i) complexes based on carbohydrazones: a combined experimental and computational study. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Dumur F, Bui TT, Péralta S, Lepeltier M, Wantz G, Sini G, Goubard F, Gigmes D. Bis(diphenylamino)naphthalene host materials: careful selection of the substitution pattern for the design of fully solution-processed triple-layered electroluminescent devices. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new triarylamine-based wide bandgap small molecules differing by the position of their substituents were investigated as hosts for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Thanh-Tuân Bui
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise
- France
| | - Sébastien Péralta
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise
- France
| | - Marc Lepeltier
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- UMR 8180 CNRS
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
- France
| | | | - Gjergji Sini
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise
- France
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise
- France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
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21
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Gholivand K, Farshadfar K, Roe SM, Hosseini M, Gholami A. Investigation of structure-directing interactions within copper(i)thiocyanate complexes through X-ray analyses and non-covalent interaction (NCI) theoretical approach. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Matsuoka K, Albrecht K, Yamamoto K, Fujita K. Mono-Substituted Carbazole Dendrimers as Solution Processable Host Materials for Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2016. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.29.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Matsuoka
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Ken Albrecht
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | - Katsuhiko Fujita
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
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23
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Kim I, Jeong DC, Lee M, Khaleel ZH, Satheeshkumar C, Song C. Triazole-conjugated spiropyran: synthesis, selectivity toward Cu(II), and binding study. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Synthetic polymer chemistry has undergone two major developments in the last two decades. About 20 years ago, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization processes started to give access to a wide range of polymeric architectures made from an almost infinite reservoir of functional building blocks. A few years later, the concept of click chemistry revolutionized the way polymer chemists approached synthetic routes. Among the few reactions that could qualify as click, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) initially stood out. Soon, many old and new reactions, including cycloadditions, would further enrich the synthetic macromolecular chemistry toolbox. Whether click or not, cycloadditions are in any case powerful tools for designing polymeric materials in a modular fashion, with a high level of functionality and, sometimes, responsiveness. Here, we wish to describe cycloaddition methodologies that have been reported in the last 10 years in the context of macromolecular engineering, with a focus on those developed in our laboratories. The overarching structure of this Account is based on the three most commonly encountered cycloaddition subclasses in organic and macromolecular chemistry: 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, (hetero-)Diels-Alder cycloadditions ((H)DAC), and [2+2] cycloadditions. Our goal is to briefly describe the relevant reaction conditions, the advantages and disadvantages, and the realized polymer applications. Furthermore, the orthogonality of most of these reactions is highlighted because it has proven highly beneficial for generating unique, multifunctional polymers in a one-pot reaction. The overview on 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions is mostly centered on the application of CuAAC as the most travelled route, by far. Besides illustrating the capacity of CuAAC to generate complex polymeric architectures, alternative 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions operating without the need for a catalyst are described. In the area of (H)DA cycloadditions, beyond the popular maleimide/furan couple, we present chemistries based on more reactive species, such as cyclopentadienyl or thiocarbonylthio moieties, particularly stressing the reversibility of these systems. In these two greater families, as well as in the last section on [2+2] cycloadditions, we highlight phototriggered chemistries as a powerful tool for spatially and temporally controlled materials synthesis. Clearly, cycloaddition chemistry already has and will continue to transform the field of polymer chemistry in the years to come. Applying this chemistry enables better control over polymer composition, the development of more complicated polymer architectures, the simplification of polymer library production, and the discovery of novel applications for all of these new polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Delaittre
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz
1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nathalie K. Guimard
- INM − Leibniz
Institute for New Materials, Functional Surfaces Group, and Saarland
University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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25
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Kang L, Chen J, Teng T, Chen XL, Yu R, Lu CZ. Experimental and theoretical studies of highly emissive dinuclear Cu(i) halide complexes with delayed fluorescence. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:11649-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies of the photophysical properties of three novel emissive dinuclear Cu(i) halide complexes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liju Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Life Science
- University of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Teng Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
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26
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Naziruddin AR, Galstyan A, Iordache A, Daniliuc CG, Strassert CA, De Cola L. Bidentate NHC^pyrozolate ligands in luminescent platinum(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8467-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03651d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tuning of luminescence from blue to yellow was achieved with platinum complexes containing NHC^pyrozolate and functionalized-phenyl-pyridine or triazole-pyridine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Raja Naziruddin
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Anzhela Galstyan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Adriana Iordache
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Physikalisches Institut-Center for Nanotechnology
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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27
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Marion R, Sguerra F, Di Meo F, Sauvageot E, Lohier JF, Daniellou R, Renaud JL, Linares M, Hamel M, Gaillard S. NHC Copper(I) Complexes Bearing Dipyridylamine Ligands: Synthesis, Structural, and Photoluminescent Studies. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:9181-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501230m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Marion
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, Normandie University, Université de Caen Basse Normandie, CNRS, UMR 6507, 6, Boulevard
du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Fabien Sguerra
- Laboratoire Capteurs
et Architectures Electroniques, CEA, LIST, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Florent Di Meo
- Department of Physics, Chemistry,
and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elodie Sauvageot
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, Normandie University, Université de Caen Basse Normandie, CNRS, UMR 6507, 6, Boulevard
du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jean-François Lohier
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, Normandie University, Université de Caen Basse Normandie, CNRS, UMR 6507, 6, Boulevard
du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Richard Daniellou
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, CNRS, UMR 7311 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Jean-Luc Renaud
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, Normandie University, Université de Caen Basse Normandie, CNRS, UMR 6507, 6, Boulevard
du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Department of Physics, Chemistry,
and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Hamel
- Laboratoire Capteurs
et Architectures Electroniques, CEA, LIST, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, Normandie University, Université de Caen Basse Normandie, CNRS, UMR 6507, 6, Boulevard
du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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28
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Volz D, Wallesch M, Grage SL, Göttlicher J, Steininger R, Batchelor D, Vitova T, Ulrich AS, Heske C, Weinhardt L, Baumann T, Bräse S. Labile or Stable: Can Homoleptic and Heteroleptic PyrPHOS–Copper Complexes Be Processed from Solution? Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7837-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500135m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Volz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manuela Wallesch
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L. Grage
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Göttlicher
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Steininger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - David Batchelor
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Clemens Heske
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lothar Weinhardt
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Baumann
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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29
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Wallesch M, Volz D, Zink DM, Schepers U, Nieger M, Baumann T, Bräse S. Bright coppertunities: multinuclear Cu(I) complexes with N-P ligands and their applications. Chemistry 2014; 20:6578-90. [PMID: 24757123 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Easy come, easy go: the great structural diversity of Cu(I) complexes is an ambivalent trait. Apart from the well-known catalytic properties of Cu(I), a great number of potent luminescent complexes have been found in the last ten years featuring a plethora of structural motifs. The downside of this variety is the undesired formation of other species upon processing. In here, strategies to avoid this behavior are presented: Only one favorable structural unit often exists for multinuclear Cu(I) complexes with bridging ligands. In addition, these complexes exhibit favorable photophysical properties due to cooperative effects of the metal halide core. Furthermore, we demonstrate the broad range of applications of emitting Cu(I) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Wallesch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe (Germany); Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe (Germany)
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30
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Hörner A, Volz D, Hagendorn T, Fürniss D, Greb L, Rönicke F, Nieger M, Schepers U, Bräse S. Switchable fluorescence by click reaction of a novel azidocarbazole dye. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart materials: A demand for switchable tags led us to the design of a new class of pre-fluorophores. We achieved this by using a non-fluorescent N-(4-azidophenyl)-carbazole tag which turns fluorescent by click reaction with alkynes and cyclooctynes. Syntheses and spectral properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hörner
- Department of Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Volz
- Department of Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Cynora GmbH
- , Germany
| | - Tobias Hagendorn
- Department of Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Fürniss
- Department of Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Department of Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Franziska Rönicke
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Campus North
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- P.O. Box 55 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Campus North
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Department of Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
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Volz D, Nieger M, Friedrichs J, Baumann T, Bräse S. Small change, big red shift: syntheses, structure and photoluminescence of Cu2Br2(Ph3P)2py2 (py=pyridine, 4-vinylpyridine). INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. RAFT Polymerization and Some of its Applications. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1634-44. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Volz D, Nieger M, Friedrichs J, Baumann T, Bräse S. How the quantum efficiency of a highly emissive binuclear copper complex is enhanced by changing the processing solvent. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:3034-3044. [PMID: 23373754 DOI: 10.1021/la3039522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism is often linked to the choice of processing solvents. Packing effects or the preference of one certain conformer as possible causes of this phenomenon are strongly dependent on solvents and especially on their polarity. Even in amorphous solids, the microstructure can be controlled by the choice of solvents. Polymorphs or amorphous solids featuring different packing densities can exhibit different properties in terms of stability or optical effects. The influence of these effects on a binuclear, strongly luminescent copper(I) complex was investigated. Many possible applications for luminescent, amorphous coordination compounds, such as organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, and organic lasers, rely on photophysical properties like quantum efficiency to be repeatable. The effect of processing solvents in this context is often underestimated, but very relevant for utilization in device manufacturing and should therefore be understood more deeply. In this work, theoretical derivations, DFT calculations, X-ray-diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and the time-dependent single-photon-counting-technique (TDSPC) were used to understand this phenomenon more deeply. The influence of five different solvents on Cu2I2(MePyrPHOS)3 was probed. This resulted in a modulation of the photoluminescence quantum yield ϕ between 0.5 and 0.9 in amorphous solid state. A new polymorph of the material with slightly reduced values for ϕ has been identified. The reduced efficiency could be correlated with a higher porosity and a reduced packing density. Dense packing reduces nonradiative decay by geometrical fixation and thus increases the quantum efficiency. The existence of similar effects on aluminum and iridium compounds has been confirmed by application of different processing solvents on Alq3 and Ir(ppy)3. These results show that a tuning of the efficiency of a emissive metal complexes by choosing a proper processing solvent is possible. If highly efficient materials for practical applications are desired, an evaluation of multiple solvents has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Volz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Bergmann L, Friedrichs J, Mydlak M, Baumann T, Nieger M, Bräse S. Outstanding luminescence from neutral copper(i) complexes with pyridyl-tetrazolate and phosphine ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6501-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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